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<li id="toc-First_birr,_1855–1936" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_birr,_1855–1936"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First birr, 1855–1936</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_birr,_1855–1936-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_lira,_1936–1941" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_lira,_1936–1941"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Italian lira, 1936–1941</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_lira,_1936–1941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_African_shilling,_1941–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_African_shilling,_1941–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>East African shilling, 1941–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_African_shilling,_1941–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_birr,_1945–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_birr,_1945–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Second birr, 1945–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_birr,_1945–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2024_birr_floating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_birr_floating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>2024 birr floating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_birr_floating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_birr_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_birr_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Proposed birr symbol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_birr_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_birr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_birr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First birr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_birr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_birr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_birr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second birr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_birr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identification_and_appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification_and_appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Identification and appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification_and_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Banknotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_birr_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_birr_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First birr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_birr_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_birr_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_birr_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second birr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_birr_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2020 denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethiopian birr</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A2%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%AE%E1%8C%B5%E1%8B%AB_%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD" title="የኢትዮጵያ ብር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኢትዮጵያ ብር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="بير إثيوبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بير إثيوبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_et%C3%ADope" title="Birr etíope – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Birr etíope" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_birr" title="Ethiopia birr – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ethiopia birr" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Эфіопскі быр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эфіопскі быр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%91%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Этыёпскі быр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Этыёпскі быр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Етиопски бир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етиопски бир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopsk%C3%BD_birr" title="Etiopský birr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etiopský birr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopiske_birr" title="Etiopiske birr – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Etiopiske birr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84thiopischer_Birr" title="Äthiopischer Birr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Äthiopischer Birr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%81" title="Μπιρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπιρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_et%C3%ADope" title="Bir etíope – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bir etíope" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopa_birro" title="Etiopa birro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etiopa birro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="بیر اتیوپی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیر اتیوپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_et%C3%ADope" title="Birr etíope – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Birr etíope" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84_%EB%B9%84%EB%A5%B4" title="에티오피아 비르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에티오피아 비르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_Habasha" title="Birr Habasha – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Birr Habasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Եթովպական բիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եթովպական բիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="बिर्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिर्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopski_bir" title="Etiopski bir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etiopski bir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="ইথিওপিয়ান বির – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইথিওপিয়ান বির" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_Etiopia" title="Birr Etiopia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Birr Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_etiope" title="Birr etiope – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Birr etiope" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="ביר אתיופי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביר אתיופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Эфиопияса быр – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эфиопияса быр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopijos_biras" title="Etiopijos biras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etiopijos biras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eti%C3%B3p_birr" title="Etióp birr – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Etióp birr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="इथियोपियन बिर्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इथियोपियन बिर्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89" title="بير اثيوبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بير اثيوبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بیر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بیر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_Habsyah" title="Birr Habsyah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Birr Habsyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopische_birr" title="Ethiopische birr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ethiopische birr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB_(%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8)" title="ブル (通貨) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブル (通貨)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopisk_birr" title="Etiopisk birr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etiopisk birr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopisk_birr" title="Etiopisk birr – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Etiopisk birr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="د ایتوپیا بیر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ایتوپیا بیر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_(waluta)" title="Birr (waluta) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Birr (waluta)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_et%C3%ADope" title="Birr etíope – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Birr etíope" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Эфиопский быр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эфиопский быр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ethiopian birr" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ethiopian birr" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_(lacag)" title="Birr (lacag) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Birr (lacag)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Етиопски бир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етиопски бир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiopian_birr" title="Etiopian birr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etiopian birr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_(valuta)" title="Birr (valuta) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Birr (valuta)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr_ng_Ethiopia" title="Birr ng Ethiopia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Birr ng Ethiopia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ефіопський бир – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ефіопський бир" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birr" title="Birr – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Birr" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE" title="衣索比亞比爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="衣索比亞比爾" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Currency of Ethiopia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Birr_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Birr (disambiguation)">Birr (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Ethiopian birr</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg/252px-Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg/378px-Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg/504px-Ethiopia_1Birr_Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="473" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Reverse of a 1 Ethiopian birr note, <br />depicting the Tisisat waterfalls.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">ETB (numeric: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">230</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217#Minor_unit_decimals" title="ISO 4217">Subunit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>0.01</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Unit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:120%">Br</span>‎ (Latin Script)<br /><span style="font-size:120%">ብር</span> (Ethiopic Script)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denominations</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Centime" title="Centime">santim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Banknotes</th><td class="infobox-data">1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 birr</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coins</th><td class="infobox-data">1, 5, 10, 25, 50 santim; 1 birr</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">User(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Issuance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Ethiopia" title="National Bank of Ethiopia">National Bank of Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbe.gov.et">www<wbr />.nbe<wbr />.gov<wbr />.et</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Valuation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monetary_inflation" title="Monetary inflation">Inflation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> October 2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Source</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316125500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html">The World Factbook</a></i>, 2008 est.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>birr</b> (<a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a>: <span lang="am">ብር</span>) is the primary unit of currency in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. It is subdivided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Santim" class="mw-redirect" title="Santim">santims</a>. </p><p>In 1931, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> formally requested that the international community use the name <i>Ethiopia</i> (as it had already been known internally for at least 1,600 years<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) instead of the exonym <i>Abyssinia</i>, and the issuing <i>Bank of Abyssinia</i> also became the <i><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Ethiopia">Bank of Ethiopia</a></i>. Thus, the pre-1931 currency may be referred to as the <i>Abyssinian birr</i> and the post-1931 currency the <i>Ethiopian birr</i>, although neither the country nor the currency changed beyond the name. </p><p>186 billion birr ($14.7 billion or €9.97 billion) were in circulation in 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ethiopian_birr" title="Special:EditPage/Ethiopian birr">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_birr,_1855–1936"><span id="First_birr.2C_1855.E2.80.931936"></span>First birr, 1855–1936</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First birr, 1855–1936"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1932EthioBIrr.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/1932EthioBIrr.JPG/220px-1932EthioBIrr.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/1932EthioBIrr.JPG/330px-1932EthioBIrr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/1932EthioBIrr.JPG/440px-1932EthioBIrr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1932 birr</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th and 19th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_thaler" title="Maria Theresa thaler">Maria Theresa thalers</a> and blocks of salt called <i>amole tchew</i> (<span title="Amharic-language text"><span lang="am">አሞሌ</span></span>) served as currency in Ethiopia. The thaler was known locally as the <i>birr</i> (literally 'silver' in <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>) or <i>talari</i> (<span title="Amharic-language text"><span lang="am">ታላሪ</span></span>). The Maria Theresa thaler was officially adopted as the standard coin in 1855, although the <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> and the Mexican dollar were also used in foreign trade.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ethiopian talari became the standard unit on 9 February 1893, and 200,000 were produced at the Paris Mint in 1894 for <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a>. The talari, equivalent to the Maria Theresa thaler, was divided into 20 <i>ghersh</i> (also <i>guerche</i> or <i>gersh</i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Qirsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qirsh">qirsh</a></i>) or 40 <i>bessa</i> (a small copper coin). </p><p>A new Ethiopian coinage appeared about 1903. The new silver birr maintained the same weight and <a href="/wiki/Fineness" title="Fineness">fineness</a> as the talari, but there was now a quarter-birr and a silver ghersh, the latter 1/16 the weight of the birr. The money of account then became 1 birr, equivalent to 16 ghersh or 32 bessa. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Ethiopia">Bank of Abyssinia</a> was established in 1905 by Emperor Menelik and the European banking group behind the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Egypt" title="National Bank of Egypt">National Bank of Egypt</a>; the bank was officially inaugurated by Menelik on 15 February 1906. The Ethiopian coinage gained acceptance only gradually, and the Bank of Abyssinia imported Maria Theresa thalers. By the time <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out, the bank was still importing about 1,200,000 of these coins annually. The Bank of Abyssinia put banknotes into circulation in 1915. These notes were denominated <i>birr</i> in Amharic and <i>thaler</i> in English. They were used by merchants and foreigners but were not initially accepted generally. However, note circulation increased considerably after 1925. </p><p>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> bought out the Bank of Abyssinia in 1931 for £235,000 in order to make it a purely Ethiopian institution. It was reorganized as the <i>Bank of Ethiopia</i>. At the same time, the currency was decimalized and token nickel and copper coins were introduced, the birr becoming equal to 100 <i>metonnyas</i> (often written <i>matonas</i>). The text on the banknotes appeared in Amharic, French, and English. </p><p>By the mid-1930s circulation consisted chiefly of Maria Theresa thalers and Menelik talaris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_lira,_1936–1941"><span id="Italian_lira.2C_1936.E2.80.931941"></span>Italian lira, 1936–1941</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Italian lira, 1936–1941"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not long after the Italian occupation and the attempted transformation of Ethiopia into <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Italian lira</a> was introduced on 15 July 1936 and Ethiopian banknotes were withdrawn from circulation at 3 lire per talari (birr). In an effort to increase the use of Italian paper money, the exchange rate for silver coins (Maria Theresa thalers) was raised to 4.50 lire, then to 5.00, and eventually, in stages, to 13.50. Still, many people kept their Ethiopian coins and banknotes. </p><p>Regular <a href="/wiki/Italian_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian coins">Italian coins</a> and banknotes of <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Banca d'Italia</a> circulated after 15 July 1936. Special notes with a red overprint were authorized for Italian East Africa on 12 September 1938, and a large quantity was printed. It is not clear, however, when, where, and to what extent these special notes actually circulated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_African_shilling,_1941–1945"><span id="East_African_shilling.2C_1941.E2.80.931945"></span>East African shilling, 1941–1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: East African shilling, 1941–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="East African Campaign (World War II)">East African Campaign</a> of 1941, British forces brought with them Indian, Egyptian, British, and British East African currency, and all were received in official payments. Italian coins and notes of up to 50 lire were allowed to continue in circulation to serve as small change; higher denominations were withdrawn at a rate of 24 lire per shilling. Maria Theresa thalers were allowed to circulate with a value of 1 shilling and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> pence (or 45 lire). The <a href="/wiki/East_African_shilling" title="East African shilling">East African shilling</a> became the money of account on 1 July 1942; it eventually became the sole legal tender and remained so until 1945. </p><p>Regular notes of the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Currency_Board" title="East African Currency Board">East African Currency Board</a> were used for circulation in Ethiopia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_birr,_1945–present"><span id="Second_birr.2C_1945.E2.80.93present"></span>Second birr, 1945–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second birr, 1945–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birr was reintroduced on 23 July 1945 at a rate of 1 birr per 2 shillings. It was pegged to the U.S. dollar at a central rate of 1 birr = US$0.4025, or 2.48447 birr = US$1. On 31 December 1963, this was slightly changed to 2.50 birr = US$1. </p><p>The name <i>Ethiopian dollar</i> was used in the English text on the banknotes. It was divided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Santim" class="mw-redirect" title="Santim">santims</a> (derived from the French <i>centime</i>). Birr became the official name, used in all languages, in 1976. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_birr_floating">2024 birr floating</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2024 birr floating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Ethiopian_foreign_exchange_rate_policy" title="2024 Ethiopian foreign exchange rate policy">2024 Ethiopian foreign exchange rate policy</a></div> <p>In 2024, Ethiopia undertook reforms, including the liberalization of its foreign exchange market, leading to the floating of the Ethiopian Birr. The <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Ethiopia" title="National Bank of Ethiopia">National Bank of Ethiopia</a> (NBE) spearheaded this initiative, receiving $13.5 billion from international partners to support the transition. This funding, primarily from multilateral lenders like the <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, aimed to the adoption of a flexible exchange rate system. Concurrently, Ethiopia secured over $15 billion in financial support from the World Bank, including direct grants, debt extensions, and investment commitments. The Ethiopian Birr experienced a substantial decline, falling 63% against the US dollar within a week of floating. The government's introduction of a floating exchange rate led to a volatile period, with the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and private banks rapidly adjusting their foreign exchange rates. The exchange rate as indicated by the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Bank_of_Ethiopia" title="Commercial Bank of Ethiopia">Commercial Bank of Ethiopia</a> (CBE) is plummeted from 57 birr per US dollar a week ago to the 106 birr per dollar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proposed_birr_symbol">Proposed birr symbol</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Proposed birr symbol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been various proposals for a birr symbol, mostly based on the Geʽez fidel ብ (<i>bə</i>). One suggested symbol comprises the <i>bə</i> with two horizontal slashes on the left hand side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coins">Coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg/150px-Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg/225px-Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg/300px-Ethiopia50matonasreverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="1230" /></a><figcaption>Reverse of a 50 metonnyas coin from 1931 (EE1923)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_birr">First birr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First birr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1894 and 1897 copper coins were introduced in denominations of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> birr, together with silver 1 ghersh, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> and 1 birr, and gold <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> and 1 werk. In 1931, a new series of coins was introduced consisting of copper 1 and 5 metonnyas, and nickel 10, 20 and 50 metonnyas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_birr">Second birr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second birr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1944 (EE1936 in the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a>), coins were reintroduced, with copper 1, 5, 10 and 25 santim and silver 50 santim coins. A second series was issued in 1977 (EE1969). It consisted of aluminium 1 santim, brass 5 and 10 santim, cupro-nickel 25 and 50 santim, and <a href="/wiki/Bi-metallic_coin" title="Bi-metallic coin">bi-metallic</a> 1 birr coins. The most recent issues are: </p> <ul><li>5 santim 2006 (EE1998)</li> <li>10 santim 2004 (EE1996)</li> <li>25 santim 2016 (EE2008; also called <i>semuni</i>)</li> <li>50 santim 2016 (EE2008)</li> <li>1 birr 2016 (EE2008)</li></ul> <p>The dates, like the rest of the legend, appear in Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification_and_appearance">Identification and appearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Identification and appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides having almost all text in Amharic, there are two features that help to immediately identify an Ethiopian birr. Coins dated before 1977 (EE1969) feature <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Ethiopia#History" title="Emblem of Ethiopia">the Conquering Lion of Judah (a crowned rampant lion holding a cross)</a>. This can be seen in the adjacent picture. Coins dated 1977 (EE1969) or later picture the head of a roaring lion, with a flowing mane. </p><p>Coins were struck at several mints, including Paris, Berlin, and <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>. Coins without <a href="/wiki/Mint_mark" title="Mint mark">mint marks</a> were generally struck at Addis Ababa. The coins struck at Paris have either the mintmark "A" with the cornucopia and fasces <a href="/wiki/Privy_mark" title="Privy mark">privy marks</a>, or the cornucopia and torch privy marks without the "A". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_birr_2">First birr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: First birr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bank of Abyssinia introduced banknotes for 5, 10, 100 and 500 talaris in 1915, and 280,000 talaris worth of notes were printed. The text on the notes was in Amharic and French. A 50-talari note was added in 1929, by which time over 1.5 million talaris in notes were circulating. </p><p>The Bank of Ethiopia issued notes in 1932 in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 talaris. A 2-talari note dated 1 June 1933 was issued in honour of the Imperial couple. By the end of 1934, some 3.3 million talaris in notes were circulating. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_birr_2">Second birr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Second birr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1961EthiopianBirr.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/1961EthiopianBirr.JPG/220px-1961EthiopianBirr.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/1961EthiopianBirr.JPG/330px-1961EthiopianBirr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/1961EthiopianBirr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>1961 birr</figcaption></figure> <p>On 23 July 1945, notes were introduced by the Bank of Ethiopia in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 birrs. The National Bank of Ethiopia was established by imperial proclamation 207 of 27 July 1963, and began operation on 1 January 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Bank of Ethiopia took over note production in 1966 and issued all denominations except for the 500 birr.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banknotes have been issued in the following series: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_denominations">2020 denominations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2020 denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 September 2020, Ethiopia announced the introduction of new banknotes of 10, 50, 100, and 200 birrs, with the latter being issued as a high denomination note to tackle inflation. Older issues of 10, 50, and 100 birr notes were demonetized in December. The federal government reported that over 113 billion birrs ($3.6 billion) remain hidden from the banks. The federal government also believes this money is being used as a catalyst to the current instability in Ethiopia. In just a month, Ethiopian banks took in 14 billion birrs (around $500 million) into their system, which is expected to increase towards the end of 2020. The measure, announced by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a>, was reported as a preventative measure against hoarding, counterfeiting and other corruption affecting the economy. He also noted that the country spent 3.7 billion birrs ($101.2 million) to print the new banknotes. Companies and individuals can only cash up to 1.5 million birrs ($41,000). The cash withdrawal from banks should also not exceed 100,000 birrs ($2,737). The old 5-birr notes, while they will remain legal tender, will be replaced with a coin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Series </th> <th>Denominations </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>50, 100 birr </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>10, 50, 100 and 200 birr </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Banknotes of the Ethiopian birr (2006 version) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 birr </td> <td>Young boy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tisisat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tisisat">Tisisat waterfalls</a> (Blue Nile) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 birr </td> <td>Coffee harvest </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kudu" title="Kudu">Kudu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">lynx</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 birr </td> <td>Basket weaver </td> <td>Tractor </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 birr </td> <td>Plowing </td> <td>Enqulal Gemb fortress (<a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 birr </td> <td>Plowing </td> <td>Man, microscope </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Banknotes of the Ethiopian birr (2020 version) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse </th></tr> <tr> <td>10 birr </td> <td>Camel, coffee harvest </td> <td>Two couples </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 birr </td> <td>Tractor </td> <td>Factory </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 birr </td> <td>Enqulal Gemb fortress (Gondar) </td> <td>Sof Omar caves; City gate, Harar </td></tr> <tr> <td>200 birr </td> <td>Pigeon </td> <td>Capricorn </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Ethiopian birr per US$, 2005–2009 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="ececec" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th bgcolor="ececec" colspan="2">Lowest ↓ </th> <th bgcolor="ececec" colspan="2">Highest ↑ </th> <th bgcolor="ececec">Average </th></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="ececec">Date </th> <th bgcolor="ececec">Rate </th> <th bgcolor="ececec">Date </th> <th bgcolor="ececec">Rate </th> <th bgcolor="ececec">Rate </th></tr> <tr> <th>2005 </th> <td>25 Apr </td> <td style="background:yellow">8.0117 </td> <td>30 Oct </td> <td>8.4240 </td> <td>8.3100 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2006 </th> <td>12 Jun </td> <td>8.3940 </td> <td>7 Sep </td> <td>9.1739 </td> <td>8.7510 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2007 </th> <td>12 Feb </td> <td>9.0670 </td> <td>19 Oct </td> <td>9.6085 </td> <td>9.3921 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2008 </th> <td>17 Apr </td> <td>9.6715 </td> <td>1 Dec </td> <td>10.7701 </td> <td>9.9167 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2009 </th> <td>14 Jul </td> <td>11.0763 </td> <td>15 Mar </td> <td style="background:yellow">12.9891 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><sup id="cite_ref-oanda_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oanda-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th style="background: #A7C3FF;" colspan="2"> Current ETB exchange rates</th> </tr><tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Google Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AUD-ETB">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CAD-ETB">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHF-ETB">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CNY-ETB">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EUR-ETB">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GBP-ETB">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/HKD-ETB">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-ETB">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/USD-ETB">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/ethioblackmarket.com-ETB">ethioblackmarket.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AUDETB=X">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CADETB=X">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CHFETB=X">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CNYETB=X">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EURETB=X">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GBPETB=X">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HKDETB=X">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYETB=X">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/USDETB=X">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ethioblackmarket.comETB=X">ethioblackmarket.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/XE.com" title="XE.com">XE.com</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=ETB">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=ETB">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=ETB">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=ETB">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=ETB">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=ETB">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=HKD&To=ETB">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=ETB">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=ETB">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=ethioblackmarket.com&To=ETB">ethioblackmarket.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From OANDA: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=AUD&to=ETB">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CAD&to=ETB">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CHF&to=ETB">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CNY&to=ETB">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=EUR&to=ETB">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=GBP&to=ETB">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=HKD&to=ETB">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=JPY&to=ETB">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=USD&to=ETB">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=ethioblackmarket.com&to=ETB">ethioblackmarket.com</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Economy of Ethiopia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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"The Trade of Central Ethiopia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries". <i>Journal of Ethiopian Studies</i>, vol. 2, no. 2, 1964, pp. 41–91. <i>JSTOR</i>, www.jstor.org/stable/41965712. Accessed 20 October 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer2012" class="citation book cs1">Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Ethiopia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banknotebook.com"><i>The Banknote Book</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+%E2%80%93+Ethiopia.&rft.pub=Nachthund.biz&rft.date=2007-01-07&rft.au=Nachthund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nachthund.biz%2FCatalogUpdate%2FEthiopia%2FEthiopiaIndex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+birr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oanda-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oanda_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502074401/http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic">"FXConverter - Currency Converter for 164 Currencies"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FXConverter+-+Currency+Converter+for+164+Currencies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oanda.com%2Fconvert%2Fclassic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+birr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_birr&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Aethiopien-B-En.htm">A gallery of the banknotes of Ethiopia</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both; font-size:95%;"> <caption>Ethiopian birr (thaler)</caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Preceded by:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_thaler" title="Maria Theresa thaler">Maria Theresa thaler</a></b><br /><small><b>Ratio:</b> at par</small> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><b>Currency of Ethiopia</b> <br />1894 – 1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Succeeded by:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Italian lira</a></b><br /><small><b>Reason:</b> annexed by <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> into <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a></small><br /><small><b>Ratio:</b> 5 lire = 1 birr</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both; font-size:95%;"> <caption>Ethiopian birr (dollar)</caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Preceded by:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/East_African_shilling" title="East African shilling">East African shilling</a></b><br /><small><b>Reason:</b> end of British occupation</small><br /><small><b>Ratio:</b> 1 birr = 2 shillings</small> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="2"><b>Currency of Ethiopia</b> <br />1945 – <br /><small><b>Note:</b> English translation was "dollar" before 1976</small> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Succeeded by:<br /><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><b>Currency of Eritrea (as part of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>)</b> <br />1952 – 1993<br /><small><b>Note:</b> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> became part of a federation with Ethiopia in 1952. Eritrea became a fully integrated part of Ethiopia in 1960</small> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><b>Currency of Eritrea</b> <br />1993 – 1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Succeeded by:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nakfa" title="Eritrean nakfa">Eritrean nakfa</a></b><br /><small><b>Reason:</b> currency independence</small><br /><small><b>Ratio:</b> at par</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Template:Economy of Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Economy of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Economy_of_Ethiopia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Economy of Ethiopia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Currency: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopian birr</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary sector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ethiopia" title="Agriculture in Ethiopia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ethiopia" title="Coffee production in Ethiopia">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_Ethiopia" title="Cotton production in Ethiopia">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Ethiopia">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Ethiopia" title="Forestry in Ethiopia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Ethiopia" title="Mining in Ethiopia">Mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Ethiopia" title="Banking in Ethiopia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Energy in Ethiopia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ethiopia" title="Manufacturing in Ethiopia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Ethiopia" title="Taxation in Ethiopia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ethiopia" title="Tourism in Ethiopia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ethiopia" title="Transport in Ethiopia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Ethiopia" title="List of companies of Ethiopia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_and_Transformation_Plan" title="Growth and Transformation Plan">Growth and Transformation Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_development_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Industrial development policy of Ethiopia">Industrial development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Ethiopia" title="International rankings of Ethiopia">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Ethiopia" title="Land reform in Ethiopia">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ethiopia" title="Trade unions in Ethiopia">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethiopia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template talk:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ethiopia" title="History of Ethiopia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ethiopia" title="Prehistoric Ethiopia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Kingdom of Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Wolaita" title="Kingdom of Wolaita">Kingdom of Wolaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_lists_of_Ethiopia" title="Regnal lists of Ethiopia">regnal lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kingdom of Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Adal_War" title="Ethiopian–Adal War">Ethiopian–Adal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondarine_period" title="Gondarine period">Gondarine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemene_Mesafint" title="Zemene Mesafint">Zemene Mesafint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik%27s_Expansions" class="mw-redirect" title="Menelik's Expansions">Menelik's Expansions</a></li> <li>Italo-Ethiopian wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Ethiopian_War_of_1887%E2%80%931889" title="Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889">1887–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_in_World_War_I" title="Ethiopia in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Revolution" title="Ethiopian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Ethiopian coup d'état">1974 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="History of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_summit" title="2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit">2018 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_historiography" title="Ethiopian historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Ethiopia" title="Territorial evolution of Ethiopia">Territorial evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ethiopia" title="Geography of Ethiopia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ethiopia" title="Geology of Ethiopia">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Ethiopia" title="List of mountains in Ethiopia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia" title="List of rivers of Ethiopia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Ethiopia" title="List of lakes of Ethiopia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of volcanoes in Ethiopia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of earthquakes in Ethiopia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Flora of Ethiopia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ethiopia" title="Wildlife of Ethiopia">Fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ethiopia" title="Subdivisions of Ethiopia">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Regions_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">Woredas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ethiopia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_Ethiopia" title="Wards of Ethiopia">Kebele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ethiopia" title="Elections in Ethiopia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ethiopia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">National Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Ground_Forces" title="Ethiopian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Ethiopia" title="Military history of Ethiopia">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Ethiopian_Empire" title="Army of the Ethiopian Empire">Army of the Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Navy" title="Ethiopian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ethiopia" title="Agriculture in Ethiopia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Ethiopia" title="List of banks in Ethiopia">Banks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birr <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Ethiopia" title="List of companies of Ethiopia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Energy in Ethiopia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_development_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Industrial development policy of Ethiopia">Industrial development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Ethiopia" title="Land reform in Ethiopia">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ethiopia" title="Manufacturing in Ethiopia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Ethiopia" title="Taxation in Ethiopia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ethiopia" title="Tourism in Ethiopia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ethiopia" title="Trade unions in Ethiopia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ethiopia" title="Transport in Ethiopia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Society of Ethiopia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ethiopia" title="Architecture of Ethiopia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Ethiopia" title="Child marriage in Ethiopia">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ethiopia" title="Demographics of Ethiopia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Ethiopia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famines_in_Ethiopia" title="Famines in Ethiopia">Famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ethiopia" title="Health in Ethiopia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ethiopia" title="Healthcare in Ethiopia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Maternal health in Ethiopia">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Women's health in Ethiopia">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ethiopia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ethiopia" title="Human trafficking in Ethiopia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ethiopia" title="Law enforcement in Ethiopia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians" title="Ethiopians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Ethiopia" title="Polygamy in Ethiopia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ethiopia" title="Public holidays in Ethiopia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Ethiopia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ethiopia" title="Women in Ethiopia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ethiopia" title="Culture of Ethiopia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wine" title="Ethiopian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_literature" title="Ethiopian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Ethiopia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ethiopia" title="Sport in Ethiopia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ethiopia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ethiopia" title="Outline of Ethiopia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopia" title="Category:Ethiopia">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Template:Currencies of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Currencies of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_dinar" title="Algerian dinar">Algerian dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_dinar" title="Libyan dinar">Libyan dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_ouguiya" title="Mauritanian ouguiya">Mauritanian ouguiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_dirham" title="Moroccan dirham">Moroccan dirham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_peseta" title="Sahrawi peseta">Sahrawi peseta</a></i> (<i>unrecognized</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_pound" title="Sudanese pound">Sudanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_dinar" title="Tunisian dinar">Tunisian dinar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kwanza" title="Angolan kwanza">Angolan kwanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_franc" title="Burundian franc">Burundian franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_CFA_franc" title="Central African CFA franc">Central African CFA franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_franc" title="Congolese franc">Congolese franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_franc" title="Rwandan franc">Rwandan franc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_franc" title="Comorian franc">Comorian franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_franc" title="Djiboutian franc">Djiboutian franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nakfa" title="Eritrean nakfa">Eritrean nakfa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopian birr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_shilling" title="Kenyan shilling">Kenyan shilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_rupee" title="Seychellois rupee">Seychellois rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_shilling" title="Somali shilling">Somali shilling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_shilling" title="Somaliland shilling">Somaliland shilling</a></i> (<i>unrecognized</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_pound" title="South Sudanese pound">South Sudanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">Tanzanian shilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_shilling" title="Ugandan shilling">Ugandan shilling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Botswana pula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_loti" title="Lesotho loti">Lesotho loti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_ariary" title="Malagasy ariary">Malagasy ariary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_kwacha" title="Malawian kwacha">Malawian kwacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_rupee" title="Mauritian rupee">Mauritian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">Mozambican metical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena_pound" title="Saint Helena pound">Saint Helena pound</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_lilangeni" title="Swazi lilangeni">Swazi lilangeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_kwacha" title="Zambian kwacha">Zambian kwacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_ZiG" title="Zimbabwean ZiG">Zimbabwe Gold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosi-oa-Tunya_(coin)" title="Mosi-oa-Tunya (coin)">mosi-oa-Tunya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_escudo" title="Cape Verdean escudo">Cape Verdean escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_dalasi" title="Gambian dalasi">Gambian dalasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cedi" title="Ghanaian cedi">Ghanaian cedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_franc" title="Guinean franc">Guinean franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_dollar" title="Liberian dollar">Liberian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">Nigerian naira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_dobra" title="São Tomé and Príncipe dobra">São Tomé and Príncipe dobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_leone" title="Sierra Leonean leone">Sierra Leonean leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc" title="West African CFA franc">West African CFA franc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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