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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrorist_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Terrorist attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrorist_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominent_political_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_political_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Prominent political events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominent_political_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Disasters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Disasters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Disasters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Disasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_disasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_disasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Natural disasters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_disasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-natural_disasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-natural_disasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Non-natural disasters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-natural_disasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Worldwide trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassinations_and_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassinations_and_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Assassinations and attempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassinations_and_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oil_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Oil crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science and technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Space_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Space exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Biology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Social science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electronics_and_communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronics_and_communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Electronics and communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronics_and_communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automobiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automobiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Automobiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automobiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_of_women_in_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_women_in_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Role of women in society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_women_in_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Social movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-war_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-war_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Anti-war protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-war_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmentalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmentalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Environmentalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmentalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Sexual revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime_and_urban_decay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime_and_urban_decay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>Crime and urban decay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime_and_urban_decay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.5</span> <span>Feminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.6</span> <span>Civil rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_suffrage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_suffrage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.7</span> <span>Youth suffrage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_suffrage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pay_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pay_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2.1</span> <span>Pay television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pay_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.4</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.5</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_and_video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_and_video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Computer and video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_and_video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disc_sports_(Frisbee)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disc_sports_(Frisbee)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.2</span> <span>Disc sports (Frisbee)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disc_sports_(Frisbee)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Actors_/_Entertainers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors_/_Entertainers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Actors / Entertainers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors_/_Entertainers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmmakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmmakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Filmmakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmmakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Musicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Bands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Sports figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1970s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%B9_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1970ዎቹ እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1970ዎቹ እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1970" title="عقد 1970 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1970" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1970" title="Anyos 1970 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1970" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1970" title="Ans 1970 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1970" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1970" title="Década de 1970 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década de 1970" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="1970-ci illər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1970-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-an" title="1970-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1970-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1970 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1970 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%8F" title="1970-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1970-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%8F" title="1970-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1970-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1970-те – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1970-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-e" title="1970-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1970-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1970" title="Bloavezhioù 1970 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1970" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1970" title="Dècada del 1970 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1970" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1970-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1970-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E2%80%931979" title="1970–1979 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1970–1979" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970au" title="1970au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1970au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%27erne" title="1970'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1970'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1970" title="عوام 1970 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1970" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-lohku" title="1970-lohku – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1970-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970er" title="1970er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1970er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970._aastad" title="1970. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1970. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_1970" title="Δεκαετία 1970 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεκαετία 1970" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1970" title="An 1970 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1970" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1970 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1970 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1970" title="Años 1970 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1970" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-aj_jaroj" title="1970-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1970-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970eko_hamarkada" title="1970eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1970eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B7%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۹۷۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۹۷۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970s" title="1970s – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1970s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%C3%A1rini" title="1970-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1970-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1970" title="Années 1970 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1970" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-er_jierren" title="1970-er jierren – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1970-er jierren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970id%C3%AD" title="1970idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1970idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970an" title="1970an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1970an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1970" title="Década de 1970 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1970" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="1970-гӀа шераш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1970-гӀа шераш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1970年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1970年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_ngi%C3%A8n-thoi" title="1970 ngièn-thoi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1970 ngièn-thoi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1970년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1970년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="1970-ականներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1970-ականներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-ih" title="1970-ih – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1970-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1970a" title="Yari 1970a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1970a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-an" title="1970-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1970-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annos_1970" title="Annos 1970 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Annos 1970" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1970-тæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1970-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971-1980" title="1971-1980 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1971-1980" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1970" title="Anni 1970 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1970" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-70_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20" title="שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-20 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-20" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-an" title="1970-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1970-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1970-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1970-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_%D0%B6%D0%B6." title="1970 жж. – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1970 жж." data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1970" title="Miaka ya 1970 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1970" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1970-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1970-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_1970" title="ທົດສະວັດ 1970 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທົດສະວັດ 1970" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1970" title="Anni 1970 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1970" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970._gadi" title="1970. gadi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1970. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_am%C5%BEiaus_8-asis_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XX amžiaus 8-asis dešimtmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XX amžiaus 8-asis dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1970" title="Anni 1970 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1970" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-lugu_vuvvet" title="1970-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1970-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1970-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1970-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1970-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1970-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १९७० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १९७० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1970" title="عقد 1970 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1970" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-an" title="1970-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1970-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1970 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1970 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%87%E1%81%80_%E1%80%86%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၉၇၀ ဆယ်စုနှစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၇၀ ဆယ်စုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiuhmolpilli_1970" title="Xiuhmolpilli 1970 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xiuhmolpilli 1970" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-1979" title="1970-1979 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1970-1979" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-1979" title="1970-1979 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1970-1979" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1970年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1970年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_1970" title="Anne 1970 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Anne 1970" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%C3%A5rene" title="1970-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1970-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%C3%A5ra" title="1970-åra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1970-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1970" title="Annaées 1970 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1970" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1970" title="Ans 1970 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1970" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1970 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1970 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-lar" title="1970-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1970-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1970 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1970 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9%E1%9F%A7%E1%9F%A0" title="ទសវត្សរ៍ ១៩៧០ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទសវត្សរ៍ ១៩៧០" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_70._XX_wieku" title="Lata 70. XX wieku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 70. XX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1970" title="Década de 1970 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1970" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1970" title="Anii 1970 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1970" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_watakuna" title="1970 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1970 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1970-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1970-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%81" title="1970-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1970-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970s" title="1970s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1970s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1970" title="Vitet 1970 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1970" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970ini" title="1970ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1970ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970s" title="1970s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1970s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/70._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia" title="70. roky 20. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="70. roky 20. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970." title="1970. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1970." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D0%B5" title="1970-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1970-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-e" title="1970-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1970-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-an" title="1970-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1970-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-luku" title="1970-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1970-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-talet" title="1970-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1970-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1970கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1970கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1970-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1970-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1970" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1970 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1970" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1970" title="Даҳаи 1970 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1970" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%27ler" title="1970'ler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1970'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1970ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1970ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1970-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1970-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1970ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1970ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1970" title="Thập niên 1970 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1970" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1970" title="Anêyes 1970 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1970" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_nga_dekada" title="1970 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1970 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1970ער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1970ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1970年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1970年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1970年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1970–1979)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Seventies", "<span style="padding-left:0.15em">'70s</span>", and "The Seventies" redirect here. For decades comprising years 70–79 of other centuries, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades" class="mw-redirect" title="List of decades">List of decades</a>. For the CNN documentary miniseries, see <a href="/wiki/The_Seventies_(miniseries)" title="The Seventies (miniseries)">The Seventies (miniseries)</a>.</div> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1970s_decade_montage.jpg/335px-1970s_decade_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="335" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1970s_decade_montage.jpg/503px-1970s_decade_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/1970s_decade_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_1e696d79aab051f8" resource="/wiki/File:1970s_decade_montage.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_1e696d79aab051f8"><area href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" shape="rect" coords="261,2,346,117" alt="Fall of Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon" /><area href="/wiki/Pentagon_Papers" shape="rect" coords="176,2,260,117" alt="Pentagon Papers" title="Pentagon Papers" /><area href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" shape="rect" coords="0,1,174,117" alt="Watergate scandal" title="Watergate scandal" /><area href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" shape="rect" coords="228,118,357,248" alt="Energy crisis of 1973" title="Energy crisis of 1973" /><area href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" shape="rect" coords="181,249,351,363" alt="Camp David Accords" title="Camp David Accords" /><area href="/wiki/1970_Bhola_cyclone" shape="rect" coords="0,250,89,363" alt="Bhola cyclone" title="Bhola cyclone" /><area href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" shape="rect" coords="90,175,178,284" alt="Bangladesh Liberation War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War" /><area href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" shape="rect" coords="0,119,108,182" alt="Iranian Revolution" title="Iranian Revolution" /><area href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" shape="rect" coords="0,182,108,248" alt="Iran hostage crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis" /><area href="/wiki/Disco" shape="rect" coords="112,119,226,247" alt="Disco" title="Disco" /></map><figcaption> Clockwise from top left: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> doing the <a href="/wiki/V_sign#The_V_for_Victory_campaign_and_the_victory-freedom_sign" title="V sign">V for Victory</a> sign after his resignation from office following the <b><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a></b> in 1974; The United States was still involved in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in the early decade. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Papers" title="Pentagon Papers">leaked</a> information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the <b><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Fall of Saigon</a></b> in 1975 leading to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Frequent_Wind" title="Operation Frequent Wind">evacuations</a> of South Vietnamese that same year; the <b><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></b> causes a <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">financial crisis</a> throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the <b><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></b> in 1978; in 1971, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a> commits the <b><a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">1971 Bangladesh genocide</a></b> to curb independence movements in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>; the <b><a href="/wiki/1970_Bhola_cyclone" title="1970 Bhola cyclone">1970 Bhola cyclone</a></b> kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a> region of <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in <a href="/wiki/1931_China_floods" title="1931 China floods">40 years</a>; the <b><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></b> of 1979 ousts <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a>; the popularity of the <b><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a></b> music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.<br /></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1970s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1974" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1974">1974</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1975" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1979">1979</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_births" title="Category:1970s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_deaths" title="Category:1970s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_by_country" title="Category:1970s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_establishments" title="Category:1970s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_disestablishments" title="Category:1970s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1970s</b> (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "<b>Seventies</b>" or the "<b><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>70s</b>") was the decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979. </p><p>In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that followed the end of the <a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion" title="Post–World War II economic expansion">postwar economic boom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a>, and the global struggle between <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. </p><p>In the Western world, <a href="/wiki/Social_progressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progressive">social progressive</a> values that began in the <a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a>, such as increasing political awareness and <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">economic liberty of women</a>, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 election</a> resulted in the victory of its <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession" title="1973–1975 recession">experienced an economic recession</a> due to <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">an oil crisis</a> caused by oil embargoes by the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Arab_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries" title="Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries">Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries</a>. The crisis saw the first instance of <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a> which began a political and <a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">economic trend</a> of the replacement of <a href="/wiki/Keynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesian">Keynesian</a> economic theory with <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a>. </p><p>The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the <a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">Intel 4004</a> in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">home accessibility</a>. There were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_field_theory" title="Quantum field theory">quantum field theory</a> at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a> and the detection of the first <a href="/wiki/Gauge_boson" title="Gauge boson">gauge bosons</a> in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">photon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Z_boson" class="mw-redirect" title="Z boson">Z boson</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluon</a>, part of what was christened in 1975 as the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a>. </p><p>In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-secondecon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondecon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States withdrew its military forces from the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>. </p><p>The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, starting the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, but in the late 1970s, the situation was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Israeli_Peace_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty">Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty</a>. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> in 1979, which overthrew the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a> and established an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a>. </p><p>Africa saw further <a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">decolonization</a> in the decade, with <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> gaining their independence in 1975 from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> in Portugal. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spain</a> withdrew its claim over <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a> in 1976, marking the formal end of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. The continent was, however, plagued by endemic military coups, with the long-reigning <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> being removed, civil wars and famine. </p><p>The economies of much of the <a href="/wiki/Developing_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing world">developing world</a> continued to make steady progress in the early 1970s because of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a>. However, their economic growth was slowed by the oil crisis, although it boomed afterwards. </p><p>The 1970s saw the world population increase from 3.7 to 4.4 billion, with approximately 1.23 billion births and 475 million deaths occurring during the decade. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_wars">Politics and wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Politics and wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_1970s" title="List of sovereign states in the 1970s">List of sovereign states in the 1970s</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cold_War_alliances_mid-1975.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cold_War_alliances_mid-1975.png/750px-Cold_War_alliances_mid-1975.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Cold_War_alliances_mid-1975.png 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars">Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DakToVietnam1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/DakToVietnam1966.jpg/250px-DakToVietnam1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/DakToVietnam1966.jpg/375px-DakToVietnam1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/DakToVietnam1966.jpg/500px-DakToVietnam1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> (1955–1975)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_1945%E2%80%931989#1970–1979" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars 1945–1989">List of wars 1945–1989 § 1970–1979</a></div> <p>The most notable wars and/or other conflicts of the decade include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> (1945–1991) <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> came to a close in 1975 with the fall of Saigon and the unconditional surrender of South Vietnam on April 30, 1975. The following year, Vietnam was officially declared reunited.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> (1979–1989) – Although taking place almost entirely throughout the 1980s, the war officially started on December 27, 1979.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002) – resulting in intervention by multiple countries on the Marxist and anti-Marxist sides, with Cuba and Mozambique supporting the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> faction, and South Africa and <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a> supporting the anti-Marxists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a> (1967–1975) ends with the Khmer Rouge establishing <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Democratic Kampuchea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a> (1974–1991)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> of 1971 in South Asia, engaging <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a>, and India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a> (1978–1991)</li></ul></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/276px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/414px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/552px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> General <a href="/wiki/A._A._K._Niazi" title="A. A. K. Niazi">A. A. K. Niazi</a> signing surrender agreement before Sh. <a href="/wiki/Jagjit_Singh_Aurora" title="Jagjit Singh Aurora">Jagjit Singh Aurora</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> after getting defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 Bangladesh Liberation War</a> against <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> (1961–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">1971 Bangladesh genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> (Early 20th century–present)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptianbridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Egyptianbridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Egyptianbridge.jpg/220px-Egyptianbridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Egyptianbridge.jpg/330px-Egyptianbridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Egyptianbridge.jpg/440px-Egyptianbridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">Egyptian military</a> vehicles crossing the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> on October 7, 1973, during the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973) – the war was launched by Egypt and Syria against Israel in October 1973 to recover territories lost by the Arabs in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 conflict</a>. The Israelis were taken by surprise and suffered heavy losses before they rallied. In the end, they managed to repel the Egyptians (and a simultaneous attack by Syria in the Golan Heights) and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt proper. In 1978, Egypt signed a peace treaty with Israel at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a> in the United States, ending outstanding disputes between the two countries. Sadat's actions would lead to his <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_El_Sadat" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Anwar El Sadat">assassination in 1981</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">Indonesian invasion of East Timor</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">Indian emergency</a> (1975–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> (1975–1990) – A civil war in the Middle East which at times also involved the PLO and Israel during the early 1980s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a> (1975–1991) – A regional war pinning the rebel <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> against Morocco and Mauritania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan%E2%80%93Tanzanian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan–Tanzanian War">Ugandan–Tanzanian War</a> (1978–1979) – the war which was fought between Uganda and Tanzania was based on an <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionist</a> agenda to annex territory from Tanzania. The war resulted in the overthrow of <a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>'s regime.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> (1977–1978) was another African conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia over control of the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden" title="Ogaden">Ogaden</a> region.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a> (1964–1979)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_conflicts">International conflicts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg/170px-1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg/255px-1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg/340px-1979_Iranian_Revolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1979_Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Iranian Revolution">1979 Iranian Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most notable International conflicts of the decade include: </p> <ul><li>Major conflict between capitalist and communist forces in multiple countries, while attempts are made by the Soviet Union and the United States to lessen the chance for conflict, such as both countries endorsing nuclear nonproliferation.</li> <li>In June 1976, peaceful student protests in the <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a> township of South Africa by black students against the use of Afrikaans in schools led to the <a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a> which killed more than 176 people, overwhelmingly by South Africa's <a href="/wiki/Security_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Police">Security Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_1987_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison_1987-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rise of separatism in the province of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> in Canada. In 1970, radical <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> militants of the <i><a href="/wiki/Front_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Front de libération du Québec">Front de libération du Québec</a></i> (FLQ) kidnapped the Quebec labour minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laporte" title="Pierre Laporte">Pierre Laporte</a> and British Trade Commissioner <a href="/wiki/James_Cross" title="James Cross">James Cross</a> during the <a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a>, resulting in Laporte being killed, and the enactment of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in Canada under the <a href="/wiki/War_Measures_Act" title="War Measures Act">War Measures Act</a>, resulting in a campaign by the Canadian government which arrests suspected FLQ supporters. The election of the <i><a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a></i> led by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">René Lévesque</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> in Canada, brings the first political party committed to Quebec independence into power in Quebec. Lévesque's government pursues an agenda to secede Quebec from Canada by democratic means and strengthen Francophone Québécois culture in the late 1970s, such as the controversial <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_French_Language" title="Charter of the French Language">Charter of the French Language</a> more commonly known in Quebec and Canada as "Bill 101".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial law</a> was declared in the Philippines on September 21, 1972, by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">dictator</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>.</li> <li>In Cambodia, the communist leader <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a> led a revolution against the American-backed government of <a href="/wiki/Lon_Nol" title="Lon Nol">Lon Nol</a>. On April 17, 1975, Pot's forces captured <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, the capital, two years after America had halted the bombings of their positions. His communist government, the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>, forced people out of the cities to clear jungles and establish a radical, Marxist agrarian society. Buddhist priests and monks, along with anyone who spoke foreign languages, had any sort of education, or even wore glasses were tortured or killed. As many as 3 million people may have died. Vietnam <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia">invaded the country</a> at the start of 1979, overthrowing the Khmer Rouge and installing a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">satellite government</a>. This provoked a brief, but furious <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">border war with China</a> in February of that year.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> of 1979 transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-Western monarchy under Shah <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> government under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a>. Distrust between the revolutionaries and Western powers led to the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> on November 4, 1979, where 66 diplomats, mainly from the United States, were held captive for 444 days.</li> <li>Growing internal tensions take place in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> movement in 1971 which demands greater decentralization of power to the constituent republics of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia's communist ruler <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Broz_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Broz Tito">Joseph Broz Tito</a> subdues the Croatian Spring movement and arrests its leaders, but does initiate major constitutional reform resulting in the <a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974 Constitution</a> which decentralized powers to the republics, gave them the official right to separate from Yugoslavia, and weakened the influence of Serbia (Yugoslavia's largest and most populous constituent republic) in the federation by granting significant powers to the Serbian autonomous provinces of Kosovo and <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>. In addition, the 1974 Constitution consolidated Tito's dictatorship by proclaiming him president-for-life. The 1974 Constitution would become resented by Serbs and began a gradual escalation of ethnic tensions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coups">Coups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selassie_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Selassie_restored.jpg/170px-Selassie_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Selassie_restored.jpg/255px-Selassie_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Selassie_restored.jpg/340px-Selassie_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2494" data-file-height="3257" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_and_coup_attempts#1970–1979" class="mw-redirect" title="List of coups d'état and coup attempts">List of coups d'état and coup attempts § 1970–1979</a></div> <p>The most prominent <a href="/wiki/Coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="Coups d'état">coups d'état</a> of the decade include: </p> <ul><li>1970 – Coup in Syria, led by <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>.</li> <li>1971 – <a href="/wiki/1971_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'état">Military coup</a> in Uganda led by <a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>.</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">Coup d'état in Chile on September 11th</a>, Salvador Allende was overthrown and killed in a military attack on the presidential palace. Augusto Pinochet takes power backed by the military junta.</li> <li>1974 – <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Military coup</a> in Ethiopia led to the overthrowing of <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> by the communist junta led by General <a href="/wiki/Aman_Andom" title="Aman Andom">Aman Andom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a>, ending one of the world's longest-lasting monarchies in history.</li> <li>1974 – (25 April) <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> in Portugal started as a military coup organized by the Armed Forces Movement (Portuguese: Movimento das Forças Armadas, MFA) composed of military officers who opposed the Portuguese fascist regime, but the movement was soon coupled with an unanticipated and popular campaign of civil support. It would ultimately lead to the decolonization of all its colonies, but leave power vacuums that led to civil war in newly independent Lusophone African nations.</li> <li>1975 – <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President of Bangladesh</a>, and almost his entire family was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">assassinated</a> in the early hours of August 15, 1975, when a group of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">Bangladesh Army</a> personnel went to his residence and killed him, during a coup d'état.</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rafael_Videla" title="Jorge Rafael Videla">Jorge Rafael Videla</a> seizes control of Argentina in 1976 through a <a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">coup</a> sponsored by the Argentine military, establishing himself as a dictator of a <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">military junta</a> government in the country.</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_military_coup" title="1977 Pakistani military coup">Military coup</a> in Pakistan. Political leaders including Zulfikar Ali Bhutto were arrested, and martial law was declared.</li> <li>1979 – an Attempted coup in Iran, backed by the United States, to overthrow the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_Iran_(1979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim Government of Iran (1979)">interim government</a>, which had come to power after the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>.</li> <li>1979 – Coup in El Salvador, President General <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Humberto_Romero" title="Carlos Humberto Romero">Carlos Humberto Romero</a>, was overthrown by junior ranked officers, who formed a Junta government, which lead to the beginning of a 12-year civil war.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorist_attacks">Terrorist attacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terrorist attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents#1970s–2000s" title="List of terrorist incidents">List of terrorist incidents § 1970s–2000s</a></div> <p>The most notable terrorist attacks of the decade include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> takes place at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> in Munich, Germany, where Palestinians belonging to the terrorist group <a href="/wiki/Black_September_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September (group)">Black September</a> organization kidnapped and murdered eleven Israeli athletes.</li> <li>Rise in the use of terrorism by militant organizations across the world. Groups in Europe like the <a href="/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">Red Brigades</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baader-Meinhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Baader-Meinhof">Baader-Meinhof</a> Gang were responsible for a spate of bombings, kidnappings, and murders. Violence continued in Northern Ireland and the Middle East. Radical American groups existed as well, such as the <a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather Underground">Weather Underground</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Symbionese_Liberation_Army" title="Symbionese Liberation Army">Symbionese Liberation Army</a>, but they never achieved the size or strength of their European counterparts.</li> <li>On September 6, 1970, the world witnessed the beginnings of modern rebellious fighting in what is today called as <a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Skyjack Sunday</a>. Palestinian terrorists hijacked four <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliners</a> and took over 300 people on board as hostage. The hostages were later released, but the planes were blown up.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominent_political_events">Prominent political events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prominent political events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Worldwide</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/1979_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 energy crisis">1979 energy crisis</a></li> <li>The presence and rise of a significant number of women as heads of state and heads of government in a number of countries across the world, many being the first women to hold such positions, such as <a href="/wiki/Soong_Ching-ling" title="Soong Ching-ling">Soong Ching-ling</a> continuing as the first Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China until 1972, <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a> as the first woman President in Argentina in 1974 until being deposed in 1976, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Domitien" title="Elisabeth Domitien">Elisabeth Domitien</a> becomes the first woman Prime Minister of Central African Republic, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> continuing as Prime Minister of India until 1977, <a href="/wiki/Lidia_Gueiler_Tejada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lidia Gueiler Tejada">Lidia Gueiler Tejada</a> becoming the interim President of Bolivia beginning from 1979 to 1980, <a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Lourdes_Pintasilgo" title="Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo">Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo</a> becoming the first woman Prime Minister of Portugal in 1979, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> becoming the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979.</li></ul> <p><b>Americas</b><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon-depart.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nixon-depart.png/220px-Nixon-depart.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nixon-depart.png/330px-Nixon-depart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nixon-depart.png/440px-Nixon-depart.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4760" /></a><figcaption>Nixon displays the <a href="/wiki/V_sign" title="V sign">V-for-victory sign</a> as he departs the White House after resigning</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>United States President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> resigned as president on August 9, 1974, while <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">facing charges for impeachment</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> rose to power as ruler of Chile after <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">overthrowing</a> the country's Socialist president <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> in 1973 with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) of the United States. Pinochet would remain the dictator of Chile until 1990.</li> <li>Argentine president <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a> begins the <a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a>, where the military and security forces hunt down left-wing political dissidents as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a>. She is overthrown in a <a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">military coup</a> in 1976, and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rafael_Videla" title="Jorge Rafael Videla">Jorge Rafael Videla</a> comes to power and continues the Dirty War until the military junta relinquished power in 1983.</li> <li>Suriname was granted independence from the Netherlands on November 25, 1975.</li> <li>In Guyana, the Rev. <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a> led several hundred people from his People's Temple in California to create and maintain a Utopian Marxist commune in the jungle named <a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a>. Amid allegations of corruption, mental, sexual, and physical abuse by Jones on his followers, and denying them the right to leave Jonestown, a Congressional committee and journalists visited Guyana to investigate in November 1978. The visitors (and several of those trying to leave Jonestown with them) were attacked and shot by Jones' guards at the airport while trying to depart Guyana together. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Leo_Ryan" title="Leo Ryan">Leo Ryan</a> was among those who were shot to death. The demented Jones then ordered everyone in the commune to commit suicide. The people drank or were forced to drink, cyanide-laced fruit punch (Flavor Aid). A total of over 900 dead were found (approximately 1/3 of which were children), including Jones, who had shot himself. Multiple units of the United States military were organized, mobilized, and sent to Guyana to recover over 900 deceased Jonestown residents. After rejections from the Guyanese Government for the United States to bury the Jonestown dead in Guyana, US military personnel were then tasked to prepare and transport the human remains from Guyana for burial in the USA. The US General Accounting Office later detailed an approximate cost of $4.4 million (in taxpayer dollars) for Jonestown's clean-up and recovery operation expenses.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Somoza_family" title="Somoza family">Somoza</a> dictatorship in Nicaragua is <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">ousted</a> in 1979 by the <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contra War</a> in the 1980s.</li> <li>Greenland was granted <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">self-government</a> (or "<a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a>") within the Kingdom of Denmark on November 29, 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Europe</b><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/220px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/330px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg/440px-Carter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>United States President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Soviet Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">SALT II treaty</a>, June 18, 1979, in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> and the Conservative party rose to power in the United Kingdom in 1979, initiating a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> economic policy of reducing government spending, weakening the power of trade unions, and promoting economic and trade liberalization.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> died after 39 years in power. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> was crowned king of Spain and called for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">reintroduction of democracy</a>. The dictatorship in Spain ended. The first general elections were held in 1977 and <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> became <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Spain">Prime minister of Spain</a> after his Centrist Democratic Union won. The Socialist and Communist parties were legalized. The current Spanish Constitution was signed in 1978.</li> <li>In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> was chosen to lead East Germany, a role he would fill for the whole of the 1970s and 1980s. The mid-1970s were a time of extreme recession for East Germany, and as a result of the country's higher debts, consumer goods became more and more scarce. If East Germans had enough money to procure a television set, a telephone, or a <a href="/wiki/Trabant" title="Trabant">Trabant</a> automobile, they were placed on waiting lists which caused them to wait as much as a decade for the item in question.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a> in Northern Ireland continued, with an explosion of political violence erupting in the early 1970s. Notable attacks include the <a href="/wiki/McGurk%27s_Bar_bombing" title="McGurk's Bar bombing">McGurk's Car bombing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1972)" title="Bloody Sunday (1972)">Bloody Sunday</a> massacre, and the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_bombings" title="Dublin and Monaghan bombings">Dublin and Monaghan bombings</a>.</li> <li>The Soviet Union under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>, having the largest armed forces and the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons in the world, pursued an agenda to lessen tensions with its rival superpower, the United States, for most of the seventies. That policy, known as <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a>, abruptly ended with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan war">Soviet invasion in Afghanistan</a> at the end of 1979. While known as a "period of stagnation" in Soviet historiography, the Seventies are largely considered as a sort of a <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_(metaphor)" title="Golden age (metaphor)">golden age</a> of the USSR in terms of stability and relative well-being. Nevertheless, hidden inflation continued to increase for the second straight decade, and production consistently fell short of demand in agriculture and consumer goods manufacturing. By the end of the 1970s, signs of social and economic stagnation were becoming very pronounced.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a>'s rule in Albania was characterized in the 1970s by growing isolation, first from a very public schism with the Soviet Union the decade before, and then by a <a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">split</a> in friendly relations with China in 1978. Albania normalized relations with <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> in 1971, and attempted trade agreements with other European nations, but was met with vocal disapproval by the United Kingdom and the United States.</li> <li>In 1977 the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II</a> was the international celebration marking the 25th anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth II to the thrones of seven countries.</li> <li>1978 would become known as the "Year of Three Popes". In August, <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul VI">Paul VI</a>, who had ruled since 1963, died. His successor was Cardinal Albino Luciano, who took the name <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">John Paul</a>. But only 33 days later, he was found dead, and the Catholic Church had to elect another pope. On October 16, Karol Wojtyła, a Polish cardinal, was elected, becoming <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>. He was the first non-Italian pope since 1523.</li></ul> <p><b>Asia</b><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_David,_Menachem_Begin,_Anwar_Sadat,_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg/220px-Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg/330px-Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg/440px-Camp_David%2C_Menachem_Begin%2C_Anwar_Sadat%2C_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2207" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> and Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> shake hands, <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>, 1978</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg/220px-Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg/330px-Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg/440px-Nixon_and_Zhou_toast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3109" data-file-height="2055" /></a><figcaption>Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On September 17, 1978, the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> were signed between Israel and Egypt. The Accords led directly to the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>. They also resulted in Sadat and Begin sharing the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize.</li> <li>Major changes in the People's Republic of China. US president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> <a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">visited the country in 1972</a> following visits by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> in 1971, restoring relations between the two countries, although formal diplomatic ties were not established until 1979. In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> both died, leading to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> and the beginning of a new era. After the brief rule of Mao's chosen successor <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> emerged as China's paramount leader, and began to shift the country towards market economics and away from ideologically driven policies. In 1979, Deng Xiaoping <a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Deng_Xiaoping_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="State visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States">visited the US</a>.</li> <li>In 1971, the representatives of <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a> (Taiwan), were <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">expelled</a> from the United Nations and replaced by the People's Republic of China. Chiang Kai-shek died in 1975, and in 1978 his son <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a> became president, beginning a shift towards democratization in Taiwan.</li> <li>In Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> began to rise to power by helping to modernize the country. One major initiative was removing the Western monopoly on <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>, which later during the high prices of <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> would help Hussein's ambitious plans. On July 16, 1979, he assumed the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">presidency</a> cementing his rise to power. His presidency led to the breaking off of a Syrian-Iraqi unification, which had been sought under his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a> and would lead to the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> starting in the 1980s.</li> <li>Japan's economic growth surpassed the rest of the world in the 1970s, unseating the United States as the world's foremost industrial power.</li> <li>On April 17, 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a>, took over Cambodia's capital <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>. <ul><li>From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge carried out the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a> that killed nearly two million.</li></ul></li> <li>On April 13, 1975, the Lebanese Civil War began.</li> <li>In 1978, Zia ul Haq came to power</li> <li>In 1979, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged in jail</li></ul> <p><b>Africa</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idi_Amin_at_UN_(United_Nations,_New_York)_gtfy.00132.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Idi_Amin_at_UN_%28United_Nations%2C_New_York%29_gtfy.00132.jpg/220px-Idi_Amin_at_UN_%28United_Nations%2C_New_York%29_gtfy.00132.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Idi_Amin_at_UN_%28United_Nations%2C_New_York%29_gtfy.00132.jpg/330px-Idi_Amin_at_UN_%28United_Nations%2C_New_York%29_gtfy.00132.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Idi_Amin_at_UN_%28United_Nations%2C_New_York%29_gtfy.00132.jpg/440px-Idi_Amin_at_UN_%28United_Nations%2C_New_York%29_gtfy.00132.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4710" data-file-height="3190" /></a><figcaption>Idi Amin</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>, President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979, after rising to power in a coup became infamous for his brutal dictatorship in Uganda. Amin's regime persecuted opposition to his rule and pursued a <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a> agenda of removing <a href="/wiki/Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="Asians">Asians</a> from Uganda (particularly <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Indians</a> who arrived in Uganda during British colonial rule). Amin initiated the <a href="/wiki/Ugandan%E2%80%93Tanzanian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan–Tanzanian War">Ugandan–Tanzanian War</a> in 1978 in alliance with Libya based on an <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionist</a> agenda to annex territory from Tanzania which resulted in Ugandan defeat and Amin's overthrow in 1979.</li> <li>South African activist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a> died in 1977.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mac%C3%ADas_Nguema" title="Francisco Macías Nguema">Francisco Macías Nguema</a> ruled Equatorial Guinea as a brutal dictator from 1969 until his overthrow and execution in 1979.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa" title="Jean-Bédel Bokassa">Jean-Bédel Bokassa</a>, who had ruled the Central African Republic since 1965, proclaimed himself Emperor Bokassa I and renamed his impoverished country the Central African Empire in 1977. He was overthrown two years later and went into exile.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disasters">Disasters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Disasters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_disasters">Natural disasters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Natural disasters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg/220px-November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg/330px-November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg/440px-November_1970_Bhola_Cyclone_Repair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/1970_Bhola_cyclone" title="1970 Bhola cyclone">1970 Bhola cyclone</a>, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a> region of <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> during November 1970.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On January 5, 1970, the 7.1 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a> <a href="/wiki/1970_Tonghai_earthquake" title="1970 Tonghai earthquake">Tonghai earthquake</a> shakes <a href="/wiki/Tonghai_County" title="Tonghai County">Tonghai County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, China, with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of X (<i>Extreme</i>). Between 10,000 and 14,621 were killed and 26,783 were injured.</li> <li>On May 31, 1970, the <a href="/wiki/1970_Ancash_earthquake" title="1970 Ancash earthquake">1970 Ancash earthquake</a> caused a <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslide</a> that buried the town of <a href="/wiki/Yungay,_Peru" title="Yungay, Peru">Yungay</a> in Peru; more than 47,000 people were killed.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1970_Bhola_cyclone" title="1970 Bhola cyclone">1970 Bhola cyclone</a>, a 120 mph (193 km/h) <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a>, hit the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a> region of <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> (now Bangladesh) on November 12 and 13, 1970, killing an estimated 500,000 people. The storm remains to date the deadliest tropical cyclone in world history.</li> <li>On October 29, 1971, the <a href="/wiki/1971_Odisha_cyclone" title="1971 Odisha cyclone">1971 Odisha cyclone</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, killed 10,000 people.</li> <li>June, 1972, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Hurricane Agnes</a> hit the east coast of the United States, resulting in 128 deaths and causing over $2.1 billion in damage.</li> <li>On April 3, 1974, the <a href="/wiki/1974_Super_Outbreak" title="1974 Super Outbreak">1974 Super Outbreak</a> occurred in the U.S. producing 148 tornadoes and killing a total of 330 people.</li> <li>On December 24, 1974, <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Tracy" title="Cyclone Tracy">Cyclone Tracy</a> devastated the Australian city of <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_famine_of_1974" title="Bangladesh famine of 1974">Bangladesh famine of 1974</a> — Official records claim a death toll of 26,000. However, various sources claim about 1,000,000.</li> <li>On August 8, 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Banqiao_Dam" title="Banqiao Dam">Banqiao Dam</a>, in China's <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure" title="1975 Banqiao Dam failure">failed</a> after a freak typhoon; over 200,000 people perished.</li> <li>On February 4, 1976, a <a href="/wiki/1976_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1976 Guatemala earthquake">major earthquake</a> in Guatemala and Honduras killed more than 22,000.</li> <li>On July 28, 1976, <a href="/wiki/1976_Tangshan_earthquake" title="1976 Tangshan earthquake">a 7.5 earthquake</a> flattened <a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a>, China, killing 242,769 people and injuring 164,851.</li> <li>On August 17, 1976, a <a href="/wiki/1976_Moro_Gulf_earthquake" title="1976 Moro Gulf earthquake">magnitude 8 earthquake</a> struck the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a> near the island of <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, Philippines, causing a tsunami killing 5,000 to 8,000 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Tip" title="Typhoon Tip">Super Typhoon Tip</a> affected areas in the southwestern Pacific Ocean from October 4–19, 1979. Off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, Tip became the largest and most powerful tropical cyclone ever recorded, with a gale diameter of almost 1,400 miles, 190-mph winds, and a record intensity of 870 millibars.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-natural_disasters">Non-natural disasters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Non-natural disasters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On October 2, 1970, a plane carrying the <a href="/wiki/Wichita_State_University" title="Wichita State University">Wichita State University</a> <a href="/wiki/1970_Wichita_State_Shockers_football_team" title="1970 Wichita State Shockers football team">football team</a> <a href="/wiki/Wichita_State_University_football_team_plane_crash" title="Wichita State University football team plane crash">crashed</a> into a mountain near <a href="/wiki/Logan,_Utah" title="Logan, Utah">Logan, Utah</a>, killing 31 with 9 survivors.</li> <li>On November 14, 1970, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932" title="Southern Airways Flight 932">Southern Airways Flight 932</a> carrying the entire Marshall (West Virginia) football team and boosters crashed into a mountainside near <a href="/wiki/Ceredo,_West_Virginia" title="Ceredo, West Virginia">Ceredo</a>, West Virginia, on approach to <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Airport" title="Tri-State Airport">Tri-State Airport</a> in heavy rain and fog. They were returning from a road game loss at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina. There were no survivors.</li> <li>On July 30, 1971, <a href="/wiki/All_Nippon_Airways_Flight_58" title="All Nippon Airways Flight 58">All Nippon Airways Flight 58</a> collided with a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Air_Self-Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Air Self-Defense Force">JASDF</a> fighter plane, killing all 162 on board. The JASDF pilot survived.</li> <li>On October 13, 1972, <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Air_Force_Flight_571" title="Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571">Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571</a> from Uruguay to Chile crashed in the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> mountains. Survivors suffered from freezing temperatures, exposure and starvation for 72 days until their rescue on December 23.</li> <li>On December 29, 1972, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_401" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 401">Eastern Air Lines Flight 401</a> crashed in the Florida <a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a> while its crew was distracted. 101 people died in the accident while 75 survived.</li> <li>On January 22, 1973, an <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian" title="Royal Jordanian">Alia</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a>, chartered by <a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Airways" title="Nigeria Airways">Nigeria Airways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kano_air_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Kano air disaster">crashed</a> upon landing at Nigeria's <a href="/wiki/Kano_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kano Airport">Kano Airport</a> after one of its landing gear struts collapsed. 176 of the 202 people on board perished, leaving 26 survivors.</li> <li>On March 3, 1974, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines_Flight_981" title="Turkish Airlines Flight 981">Turkish Airlines Flight 981</a> crashed in northern France after a cargo hatch blowout, killing all 346 people aboard.</li> <li>On April 4, 1975, the rear loading ramp on a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">Lockheed C-5 Galaxy</a> <a href="/wiki/1975_Tan_Son_Nhut_C-5_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 Tan Son Nhut C-5 accident">blew open mid-flight</a>, causing <a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">explosive decompression</a> that crippled the aircraft. 153 were killed in the incident while 175 survived.</li> <li>On November 10, 1975, the U.S. Great Lakes bulk freighter <a href="/wiki/SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald" title="SS Edmund Fitzgerald">SS <i>Edmund Fitzgerald</i></a> foundered on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> with the loss of all 29 crewmen.</li> <li>On September 10, 1976, in the <a href="/wiki/1976_Zagreb_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Zagreb mid-air collision">Zagreb mid-air collision</a>, a <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Adria_Airways" title="Adria Airways">Inex-Adria Aviopromet</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">Douglas DC-9</a> collided near <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (now Croatia), killing all 176 aboard both planes and another person on the ground.</li> <li>On March 27, 1977, two <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747s</a> (a <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan Am</a>) collided on the runway in heavy fog at <a href="/wiki/Tenerife_North_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenerife North Airport">Los Rodeos Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands, Spain, killing 583 people – the <a href="/wiki/Tenerife_airport_disaster" title="Tenerife airport disaster">worst aviation disaster</a> on record.</li> <li>On January 1, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Air_India_Flight_855" title="Air India Flight 855">Air India Flight 855</a> crashed into the sea off the coast of India, killing all 213 aboard.</li> <li>On September 25, 1978, <a href="/wiki/PSA_Flight_182" class="mw-redirect" title="PSA Flight 182">PSA Flight 182</a> collided with a private <a href="/wiki/Cessna_172" title="Cessna 172">Cessna 172</a> over San Diego, California, and crashed into a local neighborhood. All 135 on the PSA aircraft, both pilots of the Cessna, and 7 people on the ground (144 total) were killed.</li> <li>On May 25, 1979, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191" title="American Airlines Flight 191">American Airlines Flight 191</a>, outbound from <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a> in Chicago, Illinois, lost an engine during take-off and crashed, killing all 271 on board and 2 others on the ground. It was and remains the deadliest single-plane crash on American soil.</li> <li>On November 28, 1979, <a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand_Flight_901" class="mw-redirect" title="Air New Zealand Flight 901">Air New Zealand Flight 901</a> crashed on the flanks of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Erebus" title="Mount Erebus">Mount Erebus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, killing all 257 people on board.</li> <li>On March 28, 1979, there was a <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">partial meltdown of the Three Mile Island Unit 2 reactor</a> in Pennsylvania, United States. It is the most significant accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worldwide_trends">Worldwide trends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Worldwide trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superpower tensions had cooled by the 1970s, with the bellicose US–Soviet confrontations of the 1950s–60s giving way to the policy of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a>, which promoted the idea that the world's problems could be resolved at the negotiating table. Détente was partially a reaction against the policies of the previous 25 years, which had brought the world dangerously close to nuclear war on several occasions, and because the US was in a weakened position following the failure of the Vietnam War. As part of détente, the US also restored ties with the People's Republic of China, partially as a counterweight against Soviet expansionism. </p><p>The US–Soviet geopolitical rivalry nonetheless continued through the decade, although in a more indirect faction as the two superpowers jockeyed relentlessly for control of smaller countries. American and Soviet intelligence agencies gave funding, training, and material support to insurgent groups, governments, and armies across the globe, each seeking to gain a geopolitical advantage and install friendly governments. Coups, civil wars, and terrorism went on across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and also in Europe where a spate of Soviet-backed Marxist terrorist groups were active throughout the decade. Over half the world's population in the 1970s lived under a repressive dictatorship. In 1979, a new wrinkle appeared in the form of Islamic fundamentalism, as the Shi'a theocracy of Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> overthrew the Shah of Iran and declared itself hostile to both Western democracy and godless communism. </p><p>People were deeply influenced by the rapid pace of societal change and the aspiration for a more egalitarian society in cultures that were long colonized and have an even longer history of hierarchical <a href="/wiki/Social_structure" title="Social structure">social structure</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a> of the late 1960s brought about self-sufficiency in food in many developing economies. At the same time an increasing number of people began to seek urban prosperity over agrarian life. This consequently saw the duality of transition of diverse interaction across social communities amid increasing information blockade across social class. </p><p>Another common global ethos of the 1970s world included increasingly flexible and varied gender roles for women in industrialized societies. More women could enter the workforce. However, the gender role of men remained as that of a breadwinner. The period also saw the socioeconomic effect of an ever-increasing number of women entering the non-agrarian economic workforce. The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> also affected global attitudes toward and among those of the Muslim faith toward the end of the 1970s. </p><p>The global experience of the cultural transition of the 1970s and an experience of a global <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">zeitgeist</a> revealed the interdependence of economies since World War II, in a world increasingly polarized between the United States and the Soviet Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassinations_and_attempts">Assassinations and attempts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Assassinations and attempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_%28cropped%29.jpg/183px-King_Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_1971_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldo_Moro_1976_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Aldo_Moro_1976_%28cropped%29.png/87px-Aldo_Moro_1976_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Aldo_Moro_1976_%28cropped%29.png/131px-Aldo_Moro_1976_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Aldo_Moro_1976_%28cropped%29.png/175px-Aldo_Moro_1976_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Chung_Hee_(%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC)_Presidential_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Park_Chung_Hee_%28%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC%29_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/88px-Park_Chung_Hee_%28%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC%29_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Park_Chung_Hee_%28%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC%29_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/132px-Park_Chung_Hee_%28%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC%29_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Park_Chung_Hee_%28%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC%29_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/176px-Park_Chung_Hee_%28%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC%29_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:120px;">Date </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>June 1, 1970 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Eugenio_Aramburu" title="Pedro Eugenio Aramburu">Pedro Eugenio Aramburu</a>. former President of Argentina, Kidnapped and killed by the <a href="/wiki/Montoneros" title="Montoneros">Montoneros</a>, a guerrilla organization.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 19, 1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ntare_V_of_Burundi" title="Ntare V of Burundi">Ntare V</a>, the final <a href="/wiki/King_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Burundi">King of Burundi</a>, was detained and assassinated upon his return from exile.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 25, 1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a>, King of Saudi Arabia, is <a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia#Assassination_and_aftermath" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">assassinated</a> by his half-brother's son, <a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Musaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal bin Musaid">Faisal bin Musaid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 15, 1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>, 1st and 5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President of Bangladesh</a>, and almost his entire family was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">assassinated</a> when a group of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">Bangladesh Army</a> personnel went to his residence and killed him, during a coup d'état.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 5 and 22, 1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, 38th President of the United States, survives two attempts on his life in September 1975 when two separate women open fire on him at two different events. The <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Gerald_Ford_in_Sacramento" title="Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford in Sacramento">first</a> occurring in Sacramento, and the <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Gerald_Ford_in_San_Francisco" title="Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford in San Francisco">second</a> occurring in San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 28, 1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Daoud_Khan" title="Mohammad Daoud Khan">Mohammad Daoud Khan</a>, first President of Afghanistan, is killed by <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan">People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan</a> affiliated military officers during the <a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 9, 1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a>, former Prime Minister of Italy, is <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Aldo_Moro" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidnapping of Aldo Moro">kidnapped</a> and later killed by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">Red Brigades</a>, an Italian Marxist organization.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 26, 1979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a>, President of South Korea, is <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Park_Chung_Hee" title="Assassination of Park Chung Hee">assassinated</a> by <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(South_Korea)" title="National Intelligence Service (South Korea)">KCIA</a> director <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jae-gyu" title="Kim Jae-gyu">Kim Jae-gyu</a> during a dinner at the <a href="/wiki/Blue_House" title="Blue House">Blue House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 27, 1979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafizullah_Amin" title="Hafizullah Amin">Hafizullah Amin</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Democratic Republic of Afghanistan</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Tajbeg_Palace_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajbeg Palace assault">assassinated</a> by the Soviet Union in the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-assassination_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assassination-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession" title="1973–1975 recession">1973–1975 recession</a></div> <p>The 1970s were perhaps the worst decade of most industrialized countries' economic performance since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-'70s_292_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'70s_292-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there was no severe <a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">economic depression</a> as witnessed in the 1930s, economic growth rates were considerably lower than previous decades. As a result, the 1970s adversely distinguished itself from the prosperous postwar period between 1945 and 1973. The oil shocks <a href="/wiki/Arab_Oil_Embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Oil Embargo">of 1973</a> and <a href="/wiki/1979_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 energy crisis">1979</a> added to the existing ailments and conjured high inflation throughout much of the world for the rest of the decade. U.S. manufacturing industries began to decline as a result, with the United States running its last trade surplus (as of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) in 1975. In contrast, Japan and West Germany experienced economic booms and started overtaking the U.S. as the world's leading manufacturers. In 1970, Japan overtook West Germany to become the world's second-largest economy.<sup id="cite_ref-secondecon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondecon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan would rank as the world's second-largest economy until 1994 when the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> (18 countries under a single market) came into effect. </p><p>In the US, the average annual inflation rate from 1900 to 1970 was approximately 2.5%. From 1970 to 1979, however, the average rate was 7.06%, and topped out at 13.29% in December 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period is also known for "<a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a>", a phenomenon in which inflation and unemployment steadily increased. It led to double-digit interest rates that rose to unprecedented levels (above 12% per year). The prime rate hit 21.5 in December 1980, the highest in history.<sup id="cite_ref-'70s_292_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'70s_292-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rising cost of housing was reflected in the average price of a new home in the U.S. The average price of a new home in the U.S. was $23,450 in 1970 up to $68,700 by 1980. By the time of 1980, when U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> was running for <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">re-election</a> against <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Misery_index_(economics)" title="Misery index (economics)">misery index</a> (the sum of the unemployment rate and the inflation rate) had reached an all-time high of 21.98%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic problems of the 1970s would result in a sluggish cynicism replacing the optimistic attitudes of the 1950s and 1960s and a distrust of government and technology. Faith in government was at an all-time low in the aftermath of Vietnam and Watergate, as exemplified by the low voter turnout in the 1976 United States presidential election. There was also the <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_stock_market_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1973–74 stock market crash">1973–74 stock market crash</a>. </p><p>Great Britain also experienced considerable economic turmoil during the decade as outdated industries proved unable to compete with Japanese and German wares. Labor strikes happened with such frequency as to almost paralyze the country's infrastructure. Following the <a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a>, Margaret Thatcher was elected prime minister in 1979 with the purpose of implementing extreme economic reforms. </p><p>In Eastern Europe, Soviet-style command economies began showing signs of stagnation, in which successes were persistently dogged by setbacks. The oil shock increased East European, particularly Soviet, exports, but a growing inability to increase agricultural output caused growing concern to the governments of the <a href="/wiki/COMECON" class="mw-redirect" title="COMECON">COMECON</a> block, and a growing dependence on food imported from democratic nations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Line_at_a_gas_station,_June_15,_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Line_at_a_gas_station%2C_June_15%2C_1979.jpg/220px-Line_at_a_gas_station%2C_June_15%2C_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Line_at_a_gas_station%2C_June_15%2C_1979.jpg/330px-Line_at_a_gas_station%2C_June_15%2C_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Line_at_a_gas_station%2C_June_15%2C_1979.jpg/440px-Line_at_a_gas_station%2C_June_15%2C_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4472" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other hand, export-driven economic development in Asia, especially by the <a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a> (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan), resulted in rapid economic transformation and industrialization. Their abundance of <a href="/wiki/Cheap_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheap labor">cheap labor</a>, combined with educational and other policy reforms, set the foundation for development in the region during the 1970s and beyond. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_crisis">Oil crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Oil crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Economically, the 1970s were marked by the <a href="/wiki/1970s_Energy_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1970s Energy Crisis">energy crisis</a> which peaked in 1973 and 1979 (see <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a>). After the first oil shock in 1973, gasoline was rationed in many countries. Europe particularly depended on the Middle East for oil; the United States was also affected even though it had its own oil reserves. Many European countries introduced car-free days and weekends. In the United States, customers with a license plate ending in an odd number were only allowed to buy gasoline on odd-numbered days, while even-numbered plate-holders could only purchase gasoline on even-numbered days. The realization that oil reserves were not endless and technological development was not <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> without potentially harming the environment ended the belief in limitless progress that had existed since the 19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result, <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">ecological awareness</a> rose substantially, which had a major effect on the economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_science_and_technology" title="1970s in science and technology">1970s in science and technology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1970s witnessed an explosion in the understanding of solid-state physics, driven by the development of the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> developed his theories of <a href="/wiki/Black_holes" class="mw-redirect" title="Black holes">black holes</a> and the boundary-condition of the universe at this period with his theory called <a href="/wiki/Hawking_radiation" title="Hawking radiation">Hawking radiation</a>. The biological sciences greatly advanced, with molecular biology, bacteriology, virology, and genetics achieving their modern forms in this decade. Biodiversity became a cause of major concern as habitat destruction, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a>'s theory of <a href="/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium" title="Punctuated equilibrium">punctuated equilibrium</a> revolutionized evolutionary thought. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Space_exploration">Space exploration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Space exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the 1960s ended, the United States had made two successful crewed <a href="/wiki/Lunar_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar landing">lunar landings</a>. Many Americans lost interest afterward, feeling that since the country had accomplished President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s goal of landing on the Moon by the end of the 1960s, there was no need for further missions. There was also a growing sentiment that the billions of dollars spent on the <a href="/wiki/Space_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Space program">space program</a> should be put to other uses. The Moon landings continued through 1972, but the near loss of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a> mission in April 1970 served to further anti-<a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> feelings. Plans for missions up to <a href="/wiki/Apollo_20" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo 20">Apollo 20</a> were canceled, and the remaining Apollo and <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> hardware was used for the <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> space station program in 1973–1974, and for the <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a> (ASTP), which was carried out in July 1975. Many of the ambitious projects NASA had planned for the 1970s were canceled amid heavy budget cutbacks, and instead it would devote most of the decade to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. ASTP was the last crewed American space flight for the next five years. The year 1979 witnessed the spectacular reentry of Skylab over Australia. NASA had planned for a Shuttle mission to the space station, but the shuttles were not ready to fly until 1981, too late to save it. </p><p>Meanwhile, the Soviets, having failed in their attempt at crewed lunar landings, canceled the program in 1972. By then, however, they had already begun <a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut</a>, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space station</a> program, which began in 1971. This would have problems of its own, especially the tragic loss of the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_11" title="Soyuz 11">Soyuz 11</a> crew in July 1971 and the near-loss of the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_18a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 18a">Soyuz 18a</a> crew during launch in April 1975. It eventually proved a success, with missions as long as six months being conducted by the end of the decade. </p><p>In terms of uncrewed missions, a variety of lunar and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary probe">planetary probes</a> were launched by the US and Soviet programs during the decade. The most successful of these include the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a> program, a series of robotic lunar missions which included the first uncrewed <a href="/wiki/Sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return mission">sample return</a> from another world, and the American <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyagers</a>, which took advantage of a rare alignment of the outer planets to visit all of them except <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> by the end of the 1980s. </p><p>China entered the space race in 1970 with the launching of its first <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a>, but technological backwardness and limited funds would prevent the country from becoming a significant force in space exploration. Japan launched a satellite for the first time in 1972. The <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> was founded during the decade as well. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1165px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972"><img alt="Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg/116px-Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg/174px-Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg/233px-Apollo_17_Cernan_on_moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3904" data-file-height="4029" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> Astronaut <a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Gene Cernan</a> becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission"><img alt="An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg/190px-Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg/285px-Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg/380px-Apollo-Soyuz-Test-Program-artist-rendering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5920" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An artist impression of an American <a href="/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo spacecraft">Apollo spacecraft</a> and Soviet <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a> docking, a propaganda portrait for the <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a> mission</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974"><img alt="America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/120px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/179px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/239px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3856" data-file-height="3870" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">America's first space station <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> in orbit February 8, 1974</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mars_Viking_11h016.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978)"><img alt="Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mars_Viking_11h016.png/117px-Mars_Viking_11h016.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mars_Viking_11h016.png/175px-Mars_Viking_11h016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mars_Viking_11h016.png/233px-Mars_Viking_11h016.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i>, the first of two spacecraft sent to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, takes this picture of the landing site in <a href="/wiki/Chryse_Planitia" title="Chryse Planitia">Chryse Planitia</a> (1978)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979"><img alt="Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg/127px-Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg/190px-Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg/253px-Great_Red_Spot_From_Voyager_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biology">Biology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The second generation of <a href="/wiki/Rhytidectomy" title="Rhytidectomy">face lifts</a> were first attempted in the 1970s, popularizing the procedure for millions.</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a> image was published in 1973.</li> <li>César Milstein and Georges Köhler reported their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">monoclonal antibodies</a>, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_E._Fox" title="George E. Fox">George E. Fox</a> classified <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a> as a new, separate domain of life.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(Australopithecus)" title="Lucy (Australopithecus)">"Lucy"</a>, a fossilized hominid of the species <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a></i>, was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Afar_Depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Afar Depression">Afar region</a> of Ethiopia by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Johanson" title="Donald Johanson">Donald Johanson</a> in 1974, providing evidence for <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedalism</a> as an early occurrence in <a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">human evolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>After successful vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO certified the eradication of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> in December 1979 after the last smallpox case in 1977.</li> <li>The first organisms <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetically engineered</a> were bacteria in 1973 and then mice in 1974.</li> <li>1977 The first complete <a href="/wiki/DNA_genome" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA genome">DNA genome</a> to be sequenced is that of <a href="/wiki/Bacteriophage_%CF%86X174" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteriophage φX174">bacteriophage φX174</a>.</li> <li>In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Brown" title="Louise Brown">Louise Brown</a> became the first child to be born via <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">in vitro fertilisation</a>, or IVF.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_science">Social science</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Social science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social science intersected with hard science in the works in <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a> by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Winograd" title="Terry Winograd">Terry Winograd</a> (1973) and the establishment of the first <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive sciences">cognitive sciences</a> department in the world at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> in 1979. The fields of <a href="/wiki/Generative_linguistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Generative linguistics">generative linguistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a> went through a renewed vigor with symbolic modeling of semantic knowledge while the final devastation of the long-standing tradition of <a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">behaviorism</a> came about through the severe criticism of <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a>'s work in 1971 by the cognitive scientist <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg/220px-Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg/330px-Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg/440px-Concorde_landing_Farnborough_Fitzgerald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Concorde landing at <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Aerodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough Aerodrome">Farnborough</a> in September 1974</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> makes the world's first commercial passenger-carrying supersonic flight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electronics_and_communications">Electronics and communications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Electronics and communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birth of modern computing was in the 1970s, which saw the development of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">Intel 4004</a>, the world's first general microprocessor</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C programming language</a></li> <li>rudimentary personal computers, with the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Datapoint_2200" title="Datapoint 2200">Datapoint 2200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_calculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket calculator">pocket calculators</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>, the first home video game console</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a>, built in 1978 by Japanese audio-division engineer <a href="/wiki/Nobutoshi_Kihara" title="Nobutoshi Kihara">Nobutoshi Kihara</a></li> <li>consumer video games, after the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Space" title="Computer Space">Computer Space</a></i></li> <li>the earliest <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disks</a>, invented at <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, which were 8 inches wide and long, commercially available by 1971</li> <li>email, with the first transmission in 1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_paper" title="Electronic paper">electronic paper</a>, developed by Nick Sheridon at Xerox's <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Palo Alto Research Center</a> (PARC)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> of 1973, the first computer to use the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop metaphor</a> and mouse-driven <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI)</li></ul> <p>The 1970s were also the start of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber optics">fiber optics</a>, which transformed the communications industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave ovens</a>, which became commercially available</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a> and <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">VCRs</a> which became commercially available and especially VHS would become widely used for home entertainment in the 1980s and 1990s.</li> <li>the first <a href="/wiki/Voicemail" title="Voicemail">voicemail</a> system, known as the Speech Filing System (SFS), invented by Stephen J. Boies in 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a>, invented in 1979 by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Aldrich" title="Michael Aldrich">Michael Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">DiscoVision</a> in 1978, the first commercial optical disc storage medium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">positron emission tomography</a>, invented in 1972 by Edward J. Hoffman and fellow scientist Michael Phelps</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">cell phones</a>, with the first call transmitted in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> of <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">car phone</a> services, first available in Finland in 1971 in form of the zero-generation ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, or Car Radiophone) service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple Computer Company</a>, founded in 1976 and incorporated the following year by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 772px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_Plus,_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Apple I and II Plus (pictured), invented by Steve Wozniak, helped spur the microcomputer revolution at the time."><img alt="The Apple I and II Plus (pictured), invented by Steve Wozniak, helped spur the microcomputer revolution at the time." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Apple_II_Plus%2C_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg/120px-Apple_II_Plus%2C_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Apple_II_Plus%2C_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg/181px-Apple_II_Plus%2C_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Apple_II_Plus%2C_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg/241px-Apple_II_Plus%2C_Museum_of_the_Moving_Image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a> (pictured), invented by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>, helped spur the <a href="/wiki/History_of_personal_computers" title="History of personal computers">microcomputer revolution</a> at the time.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HP_35_Calculator.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first scientific hand-held calculator (HP-35) is introduced."><img alt="The first scientific hand-held calculator (HP-35) is introduced." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HP_35_Calculator.jpg/71px-HP_35_Calculator.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HP_35_Calculator.jpg/106px-HP_35_Calculator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HP_35_Calculator.jpg/142px-HP_35_Calculator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="2283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first scientific hand-held calculator (<a href="/wiki/HP-35" title="HP-35">HP-35</a>) is introduced.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fernsprechtischapparat (FeTAp) 611-2 Telephone"><img alt="Fernsprechtischapparat (FeTAp) 611-2 Telephone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg/120px-Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg/180px-Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg/240px-Post_FeTAp_611-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3586" data-file-height="2391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fernsprechtischapparat (FeTAp) 611-2 <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">Telephone</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png" class="mw-file-description" title="8-inch floppy disk"><img alt="8-inch floppy disk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png/80px-Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png/119px-Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png/159px-Wiki_8-inch_floppy_disk.png 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="1132" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8-inch <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:N1500_v2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Philips N1500 video cassette recorder, with wooden cabinet."><img alt="A Philips N1500 video cassette recorder, with wooden cabinet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/N1500_v2.jpg/141px-N1500_v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/N1500_v2.jpg/211px-N1500_v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/N1500_v2.jpg/281px-N1500_v2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Philips N1500 <a href="/wiki/Video_cassette_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Video cassette recorder">video cassette recorder</a>, with wooden cabinet.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atari 2600, launched in 1977."><img alt="Atari 2600, launched in 1977." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg/147px-Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg/220px-Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg/293px-Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5820" data-file-height="3180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a>, launched in 1977.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sony Walkman, the original TPS-L2 model."><img alt="Sony Walkman, the original TPS-L2 model." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG/50px-Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG/75px-Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG/101px-Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1581" data-file-height="2510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sony <a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a>, the original TPS-L2 model.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamaha_CS-80_(1977)_8-voices_dual-layered_analog_polyphonic_synthesizer,_with_22_preset_sounds_%26_6_user_patches_-_VINTAGE_SYNTH_@_YAMAHA_BOOTH_-_2015_NAMM_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1970s analogue synthesizer Yamaha CS-80."><img alt="1970s analogue synthesizer Yamaha CS-80." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Yamaha_CS-80_%281977%29_8-voices_dual-layered_analog_polyphonic_synthesizer%2C_with_22_preset_sounds_%26_6_user_patches_-_VINTAGE_SYNTH_%40_YAMAHA_BOOTH_-_2015_NAMM_Show.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Yamaha_CS-80_%281977%29_8-voices_dual-layered_analog_polyphonic_synthesizer%2C_with_22_preset_sounds_%26_6_user_patches_-_VINTAGE_SYNTH_%40_YAMAHA_BOOTH_-_2015_NAMM_Show.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Yamaha_CS-80_%281977%29_8-voices_dual-layered_analog_polyphonic_synthesizer%2C_with_22_preset_sounds_%26_6_user_patches_-_VINTAGE_SYNTH_%40_YAMAHA_BOOTH_-_2015_NAMM_Show.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1970s analogue synthesizer <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_CS-80" title="Yamaha CS-80">Yamaha CS-80</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a> introduced high-speed trains on <a href="/wiki/InterCity_(British_Rail)" title="InterCity (British Rail)">InterCity</a> services. The trains consisted of <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_43_(HST)" title="British Rail Class 43 (HST)">British Rail Class 43</a> diesel-electric locomotives at either end with <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Mark_3" title="British Rail Mark 3">British Rail Mark 3</a> carriages. The trains were built in the United Kingdom by <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Engineering_Limited" title="British Rail Engineering Limited">British Rail Engineering Limited</a>. The high speed trains ran at 125 miles per hour (201 km/h) speeding up journeys between towns and cities and is still known as the <i><a href="/wiki/InterCity_125" title="InterCity 125">InterCity 125</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> was formed in the United States in 1971, assuming responsibility for inter-city passenger operations throughout the country. In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Conrail" title="Conrail">Conrail</a> was formed to take over the assets of six bankrupt freight railroads in the northeastern US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automobiles">Automobiles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Automobiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg/220px-1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg/330px-1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg/440px-1970_Dodge_Challenger_TransAm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>1970 <a href="/wiki/Dodge_Challenger" title="Dodge Challenger">Dodge Challenger</a> Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1970s was an era of fuel price increases, rising insurance rates, safety concerns, and emissions controls. The <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> caused a move towards smaller, fuel-efficient vehicles. Attempts were made to produce electric cars, but they were largely unsuccessful. In the United States, imported cars became a significant factor for the first time, and several domestic-built subcompact models entered the market. American-made cars such as the "quirky" <a href="/wiki/AMC_Gremlin" title="AMC Gremlin">AMC Gremlin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jelly_bean" title="Jelly bean">jelly bean</a> shaped <a href="/wiki/AMC_Pacer" title="AMC Pacer">AMC Pacer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Firebird" title="Pontiac Firebird">Pontiac Firebird</a>'s powerful Trans Am "sum up" the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">Muscle cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convertible_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible (car)">convertible</a> models faded from favor during the early-1970s. It was believed that the 1976 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Eldorado" title="Cadillac Eldorado">Cadillac Eldorado</a> would be the last American-built convertible; ending the open body style that once dominated the auto industry.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MustangII_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/MustangII_interior.jpg/220px-MustangII_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/MustangII_interior.jpg/330px-MustangII_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/MustangII_interior.jpg/440px-MustangII_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1974 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Ford Mustang</a> interior</figcaption></figure> <p>Cars in the U.S. from the early 1970s are noted more for their power than their styling, but they even lost their power by <i><a href="/wiki/Malaise_era" title="Malaise era">Malaise era</a></i> of the late-1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-hine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popmech_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popmech-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Styling on American cars became progressively more boxy and rectilinear during the 1970s,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">coupes</a> being the most popular body style. Wood paneling and shag carpets dominated the interiors. Many automobiles began to lose their character and looked the same across brands and automakers, as well as featuring "luxury" enhancements such as <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_roof" title="Vinyl roof">vinyl roofs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_window" title="Opera window">opera windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hine_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only a few had "real personalities" such as the AMC Gremlin, which was America's first modern <a href="/wiki/Subcompact" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcompact">subcompact</a>, and the AMC Pacer.<sup id="cite_ref-hine_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "These two cars embody a sense of artful desperation that made them stand out from the crowd and epitomize at once the best and worst of the seventies."<sup id="cite_ref-hine_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Automobiles in the U.S. reached the largest sizes they would ever attain, but by 1977, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> managed to <a href="/wiki/Downsize_(automobile)" title="Downsize (automobile)">downsize</a> its full-size models to more manageable dimensions. <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> followed suit two years later, with <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> offering new small front-wheel-drive models, but was suffering from a worsening financial situation caused by various factors. By 1979, the company was near bankruptcy, and under its new president <a href="/wiki/Lee_Iacocca" title="Lee Iacocca">Lee Iacocca</a> (who had been fired from Ford the year before), asked for a government bailout. <a href="/wiki/American_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="American Motors">American Motors</a> beat out the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a> to subcompact sized model (the <a href="/wiki/AMC_Gremlin" title="AMC Gremlin">Gremlin</a>) in 1970, but its fortunes declined throughout the decade, forcing it into a partnership with the French automaker <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> in 1979. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG/220px-1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG/330px-1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG/440px-1973_Volvo_sportwagon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>1973 <a href="/wiki/Volvo_P1800" title="Volvo P1800">Volvo P1800</a> sportwagon.</figcaption></figure> <p>European car design underwent major changes during the 1970s due to the need for performance with high <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a>—designs such as the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf" title="Volkswagen Golf">Volkswagen Golf</a> and Passat, <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> 3, 5, and 7 series, and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_S-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz S-Class">Mercedes-Benz S-Class</a> appeared at the latter half of the decade. Ford Europe, specifically Ford Germany, also eclipsed the profits of its American parent company. The designs of <a href="/wiki/Giorgetto_Giugiaro" title="Giorgetto Giugiaro">Giorgetto Giugiaro</a> became dominant, along with those of Marcello Gandini in Italy. The 1970s also saw the decline and practical failure of the British car industry—a combination of militant strikes and poor quality control effectively halted development at <a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a>, owner of all other British car companies during the 1970s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg/220px-1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg/330px-1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg/440px-1977_Honda_Civic_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Honda_Civic" title="Honda Civic">Honda Civic</a> sold well throughout the decade.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_automobile_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese automobile industry">Japanese automobile industry</a> flourished during the 1970s, compared to other major auto markets. Japanese vehicles became internationally renowned for their affordability, reliability, and fuel-efficiency, which was very important to many customers after the oil crisis of 1973. Japanese car manufacturing focused on computerized robotic manufacturing techniques and <a href="/wiki/Lean_manufacturing" title="Lean manufacturing">lean manufacturing</a>, contributing to high-efficiency and low production costs. The <a href="/wiki/Honda_Civic" title="Honda Civic">Honda Civic</a> was introduced in 1973, and sold well due to its high fuel-efficiency. By 1975 <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> overtook <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> as the top-selling imported automobile brand in the U.S., with over a million cars sold per year by this point.<sup id="cite_ref-toyota_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toyota-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other popular compact cars included the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Corolla" title="Toyota Corolla">Toyota Corolla</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Datsun_Sunny" class="mw-redirect" title="Datsun Sunny">Datsun Sunny</a>, in addition to other cars from those companies and others such as <a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_women_in_society">Role of women in society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Role of women in society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabel_Martinez_de_Peron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Isabel_Martinez_de_Peron.jpg/170px-Isabel_Martinez_de_Peron.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Isabel_Martinez_de_Peron.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a> becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the <a href="/wiki/Western_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Western hemisphere">Western hemisphere</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg/255px-Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg/340px-Margaret_Thatcher_at_White_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The role of women in society was profoundly altered with growing <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a> across the world and with the presence and rise of a significant number of women as heads of state outside monarchies and heads of government in a number of countries across the world during the 1970s, many being the first women to hold such positions. Non-monarch women heads of state and heads of government in this period included <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a> as the first woman President in Argentina and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the <a href="/wiki/Western_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Western hemisphere">Western hemisphere</a> in 1974 until being deposed in 1976, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Domitien" title="Elisabeth Domitien">Elisabeth Domitien</a> becomes the first woman Prime Minister of the Central African Republic, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> continuing as Prime Minister of India until 1977 (and taking office again in 1980), <a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a>, Prime minister of Sri Lanka (Former <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>) and first female head of government in the world, re-elected in 1970, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> of Israel and acting chairman <a href="/wiki/Soong_Ching-ling" title="Soong Ching-ling">Soong Ching-ling</a> of the People's Republic of China continuing their leadership from the sixties, <a href="/wiki/Lidia_Gueiler_Tejada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lidia Gueiler Tejada">Lidia Gueiler Tejada</a> becoming the interim President of Bolivia beginning from 1979 to 1980, <a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Lourdes_Pintasilgo" title="Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo">Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo</a> becoming the first woman Prime Minister of Portugal in 1979, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> becoming the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979. Both Indira Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher would remain important political figures in the following decade in the 1980s. </p><p>Pope Paul VI recognized the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> feminists, but ultimately held to tradition when it came to leaving bishops, priests, and deacons a male-only position.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_movements">Social movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Social movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-war_protests">Anti-war protests</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Anti-war protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg/220px-Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg/330px-Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg/440px-Vietnam_War_protest_in_Washington_DC_April_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War</a> in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">opposition to</a> the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Vietnam">War in Vietnam</a> that began in the 1960s grew exponentially during the early 1970s. One of the best-known anti-war demonstrations was the <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State shootings</a>. In 1970, university students were protesting the war and the draft. Riots ensued during the weekend and the National Guard was called in to maintain the peace. However, by 4 May 1970, tensions arose again, and as the crowd grew larger, the National Guard started shooting. Four students were killed and nine were injured. This event caused disbelief and shock throughout the country and became a staple of anti-Vietnam demonstrations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Environmentalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1970s started a mainstream affirmation of the <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmental issues</a> early activists from the 1960s, such as <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a>, had warned of. The <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> mission, which had occurred at the end of the previous decade, had transmitted back concrete images of the Earth as an integrated, life-supporting system and shaped a public willingness to preserve nature. On April 22, 1970, the United States celebrated its first <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a>, in which over two thousand colleges and universities and roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools participated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sexual_revolution">Sexual revolution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sexual revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Andy_Warhol_Garrick_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre">New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre</a></div> <p>The 1960s counterculture movement had rapidly undone many existing social taboos, and divorce, extramarital sex, and homosexuality were increasingly accepted in the Western world. The event of legalized abortion and over-the-counter birth control pills also played a major factor. Western Europe was in some ways more progressive on sexual liberation than the United States, as <a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">nudity in film</a> and on TV had been gradually accepted there from the mid-1960s, and many European countries during this time began allowing women to go topless in public places. Nudist culture was also popular during the decade, especially in Germany and Scandinavia. Child erotica found a niche market, but would eventually be banned under child pornography laws in the 1980s to 1990s. </p><p>The market for adult entertainment in the 1970s was large, and driven in part by the sizable baby boomer population, and the 1972 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Green_Door" title="Behind the Green Door">Behind the Green Door</a></i>, an X-rated feature, became one of the top-grossing films of the year. <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy Magazine">Playboy Magazine</a></i> appeared increasingly dull and old-fashioned next to new, more explicit sex-themed magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthouse Magazine">Penthouse Magazine</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hustler_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hustler Magazine">Hustler Magazine</a></i>. </p><p>By the end of the decade, there was an increasing backlash against libertine sexual attitudes, and the event of the <a href="/wiki/AIDS_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS epidemic">AIDS epidemic</a> helped bring about an end to the Sexual Revolution. Adult movie theaters, which had exploded in numbers during the 1970s and were widely seen as a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">urban decay</a> in the US, declined as pornographic movies would largely shift to VHS tapes during the succeeding decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crime_and_urban_decay">Crime and urban decay</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Crime and urban decay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crime rates in the US had been low from the 1940s until the mid-1960s, but began to escalate after 1965 due to a complex of social, economic, and demographic factors. By the 1970s, crime and blighted urban areas were a serious cause of concern, New York City being particularly affected. In 1972, the US Supreme Court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional, then reversed the ruling only four years later. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg/220px-Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg/330px-Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg/440px-Leffler_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4535" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Feminism">Feminism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Feminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second-wave feminism</a></div> <p>The Second-Wave Feminist Movement in the United States, which had begun in the 1960s, carried over to the 1970s, and took a prominent role within society. The fiftieth anniversary of the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> (which legalized female <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>) in 1970 was commemorated by the Women's Strike for Equality and other protests. </p><p>1971 saw <a href="/wiki/Erin_Pizzey" title="Erin Pizzey">Erin Pizzey</a> establish the world's first domestic violence shelter in <a href="/wiki/Chiswick" title="Chiswick">Chiswick</a>, London and Pizzey and her colleagues opened further facilities throughout the next few years. This work inspired similar networks of safe houses for female victims of abuse in other countries, with the first shelter in continental Europe opening in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the anthology <i><a href="/wiki/Sisterhood_is_Powerful" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisterhood is Powerful">Sisterhood is Powerful</a></i> and other works, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Politics" title="Sexual Politics">Sexual Politics</a></i>, being published at the start of the decade, feminism started to reach a larger audience than ever before. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>'s 1973 decision of <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i>, which constitutionalized the right to an abortion, brought the women's rights movement into the national political spotlight. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Robin Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Holtzman" title="Elizabeth Holtzman">Elizabeth Holtzman</a>, among many others, led the movement for women's equality. </p><p>Even musically, the women's movement had its shining moment. Australian-American singer <a href="/wiki/Helen_Reddy" title="Helen Reddy">Helen Reddy</a>, recorded the song "<a href="/wiki/I_Am_Woman" title="I Am Woman">I Am Woman</a>", which became an anthem for the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's liberation movement</a>. "I Am Woman" reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and even won Helen her one and only Grammy Award. </p><p>Another movement to arise was the 1970s <a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess movement</a>, which took place to combat patriarchal ideas of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most efforts of the movement, especially aims at social equality and repeal of the remaining oppressive, sexist laws, were successful. Doors of opportunity were more numerous and much further open than before as women gained unheard of success in business, politics, education, science, the law, and even <a href="/wiki/Homemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemaker">the home</a>. Although most aims of the movement were successful, however, there were some significant failures, most notably the failure to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a> with only three more states needed to ratify it (efforts to ratify ERA in the unratified states continues to this day and twenty-two states have adopted state ERAs). Also, the <a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">wage gap</a> failed to close, but it did become smaller. </p><p>The second wave feminist movement in the United States largely ended in 1982 with the failure of the Equal Rights Amendment, and with new conservative leadership in Washington, D.C.. American women created a brief, but powerful, <a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">third-wave</a> in the early 1990s which addressed <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> (inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a>–<a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> hearings of 1991). The results of the movement included a new awareness of such issues among women, and unprecedented numbers of women elected to public office, <a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Woman" title="Year of the Woman">particularly the United States Senate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Civil rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> of the 1960s began to fracture in the 1970s, as social groups began defining themselves more by their differences than by their universalities. The <a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black Nationalist</a> movement grew out of frustrations with the "non-violent" strategies of earlier Civil Rights Activists. With the April 1968 <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a> and June 1968 <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">assassination of Robert F. Kennedy</a>, many Black people were compelled to reject ideas of negotiation and instead embrace isolation. The feminist movement also splintered from a larger push for Civil Rights in the 1970s. The seventies were seen as the "woman's turn", though many feminists incorporated civil rights ideals into their movement. A feminist who had inherited the leadership position of the civil rights movement from her husband, <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a>, as leader of the black movement, called for an end to all discrimination, helping and encouraging the <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman's Liberation">Woman's Liberation</a> movement, and other movements as well. At the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women's Conference">National Women's Conference</a> in 1977 a minority women's resolution, promoted by King and others, passed to ensure racial equality in the movement's goals. Similarly, the gay movement made a huge step forward in the 1970s with the election of political figures such as <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a> to public office and the advocating of anti-gay discrimination legislation passed and not passed during the decade. Many celebrities, including <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mercury" title="Freddie Mercury">Freddie Mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, also "<a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a>" during this decade, bringing gay culture further into the limelight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Youth_suffrage">Youth suffrage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Youth suffrage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Youth_suffrage" title="Youth suffrage">Youth suffrage</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> was ratified on July 1, 1971, lowering the voting age for all federal and state elections from 21 years to 18 years. The primary impetus for this change was the fact that young men were being drafted to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> before they were old enough to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1165px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The first and second generations of video game consoles like the Magnavox Odyssey and Atari 2600 (pictured) were hits in the 1970s."><img alt="The first and second generations of video game consoles like the Magnavox Odyssey and Atari 2600 (pictured) were hits in the 1970s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png/190px-Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png/285px-Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png/380px-Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png 2x" data-file-width="3760" data-file-height="2300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">second</a> generations of video game consoles like the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> (pictured) were hits in the 1970s. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_(Starsky_and_Hutch)_5.7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The famous TV series like Starsky and Hutch (pictured), Hawaii Five-O, The Streets of San Francisco, The Six Million Dollar Man, Charlie's Angels, Wonder Woman, Fawlty Towers, Sanford and Son, and Columbo were popular in the 1970s."><img alt="The famous TV series like Starsky and Hutch (pictured), Hawaii Five-O, The Streets of San Francisco, The Six Million Dollar Man, Charlie's Angels, Wonder Woman, Fawlty Towers, Sanford and Son, and Columbo were popular in the 1970s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_%28Starsky_and_Hutch%29_5.7.jpg/190px-1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_%28Starsky_and_Hutch%29_5.7.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_%28Starsky_and_Hutch%29_5.7.jpg/285px-1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_%28Starsky_and_Hutch%29_5.7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_%28Starsky_and_Hutch%29_5.7.jpg/380px-1976_Ford_Gran_Torino_%28Starsky_and_Hutch%29_5.7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5103" data-file-height="2396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The famous TV series like <i><a href="/wiki/Starsky_and_Hutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Starsky and Hutch">Starsky and Hutch</a></i> (pictured), <i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Five-O_(1968_TV_series)" title="Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)">Hawaii Five-O</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Streets_of_San_Francisco" title="The Streets of San Francisco">The Streets of San Francisco</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Six_Million_Dollar_Man" title="The Six Million Dollar Man">The Six Million Dollar Man</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels" title="Charlie's Angels">Charlie's Angels</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(TV_series)" title="Wonder Woman (TV series)">Wonder Woman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanford_and_Son" title="Sanford and Son">Sanford and Son</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Columbo" title="Columbo">Columbo</a></i> were popular in the 1970s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_(1970s).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabrina the Teenage Witch, The Pink Panther Show, Schoolhouse Rock!, The Addams Family, Hong Kong Phooey, Star Trek, Jabberjaw, and Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels were all popular cartoons and anime of the 1970s."><img alt="Sabrina the Teenage Witch, The Pink Panther Show, Schoolhouse Rock!, The Addams Family, Hong Kong Phooey, Star Trek, Jabberjaw, and Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels were all popular cartoons and anime of the 1970s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_%281970s%29.jpg/160px-Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_%281970s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_%281970s%29.jpg/240px-Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_%281970s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_%281970s%29.jpg/320px-Philco-Ford_Orange_Retro_TV_%281970s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_the_Teenage_Witch_(1970_TV_series)" title="Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1970 TV series)">Sabrina the Teenage Witch</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_Show" title="The Pink Panther Show">The Pink Panther Show</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Schoolhouse_Rock!" title="Schoolhouse Rock!">Schoolhouse Rock!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Addams_Family_(1973_TV_series)" title="The Addams Family (1973 TV series)">The Addams Family</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Phooey" title="Hong Kong Phooey">Hong Kong Phooey</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Animated_Series" title="Star Trek: The Animated Series">Star Trek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jabberjaw" title="Jabberjaw">Jabberjaw</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Caveman_and_the_Teen_Angels" title="Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels">Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels</a></i> were all popular cartoons and anime of the 1970s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The disco genre was very popular in the decade. Earth, Wind & Fire, one of the most commercially successful disco bands of the era pictured here."><img alt="The disco genre was very popular in the decade. Earth, Wind & Fire, one of the most commercially successful disco bands of the era pictured here." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg/190px-Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg/285px-Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg/380px-Earth_Wind_and_Fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> genre was very popular in the decade. <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a>, one of the most commercially successful disco bands of the era pictured here.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bob Marley helped popularize reggae music and the Rastafari cultural movement of the 1970s."><img alt="Bob Marley helped popularize reggae music and the Rastafari cultural movement of the 1970s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg/178px-Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg/266px-Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg/355px-Bob_Marley_sckech_Por_Daniel_Alvarado_Silvera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3445" data-file-height="2329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a> helped popularize <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae music</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a> cultural movement of the 1970s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Family comedies like The Brady Bunch, Happy Days, All in the Family, and The Jeffersons gained notoriety, popularizing slang like "groovy"."><img alt="Family comedies like The Brady Bunch, Happy Days, All in the Family, and The Jeffersons gained notoriety, popularizing slang like "groovy"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG/94px-Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG/142px-Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG/189px-Brady_Bunch_full_cast_1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1323" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Family comedies like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch" title="The Brady Bunch">The Brady Bunch</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days" title="Happy Days">Happy Days</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/All_in_the_Family" title="All in the Family">All in the Family</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jeffersons" title="The Jeffersons">The Jeffersons</a></i> gained notoriety, popularizing slang like "groovy".</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_(9777174106).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Volkswagen Beetle and Toyota Corolla line of cars were popular in the 1970s, making the world's best-selling automobiles at the time."><img alt="The Volkswagen Beetle and Toyota Corolla line of cars were popular in the 1970s, making the world's best-selling automobiles at the time." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_%289777174106%29.jpg/184px-1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_%289777174106%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_%289777174106%29.jpg/277px-1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_%289777174106%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_%289777174106%29.jpg/369px-1973_Volkswagen_Super_Beetle_%289777174106%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5164" data-file-height="3364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Corolla" title="Toyota Corolla">Toyota Corolla</a> line of cars were popular in the 1970s, making the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_automobiles" title="List of best-selling automobiles">world's best-selling automobiles</a> at the time.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pong, created by Atari Inc. in 1972, is one of the earliest arcade video games and was the first electronic sports video game. Other games like Breakout, Galaxian, Asteroids and Space Invaders also helped define the decade in gaming culture."><img alt="Pong, created by Atari Inc. in 1972, is one of the earliest arcade video games and was the first electronic sports video game. Other games like Breakout, Galaxian, Asteroids and Space Invaders also helped define the decade in gaming culture." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/73px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/109px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/146px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a></i>, created by <a href="/wiki/Atari_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Inc.">Atari Inc.</a> in 1972, is one of the earliest arcade video games and was the first electronic sports video game. Other games like <i><a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Galaxian" title="Galaxian">Galaxian</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i> also helped define the decade in <a href="/wiki/Video_game_culture" title="Video game culture">gaming culture</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olimpiai_Stadion,_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Four Olympic Games were held in the 1970s, Sapporo and Munich in 1972, Innsbruck and Montreal in 1976 (all during the Cold War, and prompting significant events like the Munich massacre in 1972 and the African-led boycott in 1976)."><img alt="Four Olympic Games were held in the 1970s, Sapporo and Munich in 1972, Innsbruck and Montreal in 1976 (all during the Cold War, and prompting significant events like the Munich massacre in 1972 and the African-led boycott in 1976)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg/180px-Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg/270px-Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg/360px-Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_az_olimpia_megnyit%C3%B3%C3%BCnneps%C3%A9ge._Fortepan_73767.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4141" data-file-height="2764" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Four <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> were held in the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">Sapporo</a> and <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">Munich in 1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">Innsbruck</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">Montreal in 1976</a> (all during the Cold War, and prompting significant events like the <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> in 1972 and the <a href="/wiki/1976_Olympic_boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Olympic boycott">African-led boycott</a> in 1976).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaws_(franchise)_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New Hollywood films like Jaws, Star Wars, The Godfather, The Exorcist, Grease, and Rocky as well as Superman, Saturday Night Fever, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory were all extremely popular during the 1970s and decades following."><img alt="New Hollywood films like Jaws, Star Wars, The Godfather, The Exorcist, Grease, and Rocky as well as Superman, Saturday Night Fever, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory were all extremely popular during the 1970s and decades following." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Jaws_%28franchise%29_logo.png/190px-Jaws_%28franchise%29_logo.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Jaws_%28franchise%29_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="86" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> films like <i><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist" title="The Exorcist">The Exorcist</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i> as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever" title="Saturday Night Fever">Saturday Night Fever</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Willy_Wonka_and_the_Chocolate_Factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory">Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory</a></i> were all extremely popular during the 1970s and decades following.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disco_ball4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Disco balls and roller skating trends were popular and widely used in nightclubs and roller rinks in the 1970s. Songs like Bee Gee's "Stayin' Alive" and ABBA's "Dancing Queen" were played during the decade."><img alt="Disco balls and roller skating trends were popular and widely used in nightclubs and roller rinks in the 1970s. Songs like Bee Gee's "Stayin' Alive" and ABBA's "Dancing Queen" were played during the decade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Disco_ball4.jpg/153px-Disco_ball4.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Disco_ball4.jpg/229px-Disco_ball4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Disco_ball4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Disco_ball" title="Disco ball">Disco balls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">roller skating</a> trends were popular and widely used in <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roller_rink" title="Roller rink">roller rinks</a> in the 1970s. Songs like <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gee's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Stayin%27_Alive" title="Stayin' Alive">Stayin' Alive</a>" and <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Dancing_Queen" title="Dancing Queen">Dancing Queen</a>" were played during the decade.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_music" title="1970s in music">1970s in music</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:255px;max-width:255px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg/125px-James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg/188px-James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg/250px-James_Taylor_Billboard_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1730" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mitchell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg/122px-Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg/183px-Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg/244px-Joni_Mitchell_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> (right) were two of the most influential and successful contemporary <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> musicians of the decade, along with artists like <a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> and others.</div></div></div></div> <p>During the early 1970s, popular music continued to be dominated by musicians who had achieved fame during the 1950s and the 1960s such as the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conway_Twitty" title="Conway Twitty">Conway Twitty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Grateful_Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="The Grateful Dead">The Grateful Dead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>. In addition, many newcomer rock groups such as <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> appeared. <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> disbanded in 1970, but each member of the band immediately released a highly successful solo album, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> especially would remain extremely popular throughout the decade. Singer-songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Browne" title="Jackson Browne">Jackson Browne</a> also came into vogue during the early 1970s. </p><p>The 1970s saw the rapid commercialization of rock music, and by mid-decade there were a spate of bands derisively dubbed "corporate rock" due to the notion that they had been created by record labels to produce simplistic, radio-friendly songs that offered clichés rather than meaningful lyrics. Such bands included <a href="/wiki/The_Doobie_Brothers" title="The Doobie Brothers">The Doobie Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bread_(band)" title="Bread (band)">Bread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Styx_(band)" title="Styx (band)">Styx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_(band)" title="Kansas (band)">Kansas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/REO_Speedwagon" title="REO Speedwagon">REO Speedwagon</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">Funk</a>, an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> with a greater emphasis on beats, and influences from <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>, was also very popular. The mid-1970s also saw the rise of <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> music, which dominated during the last half of the decade with bands like the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chic_(band)" title="Chic (band)">Chic</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Village_People" title="Village People">Village People</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boney_M" class="mw-redirect" title="Boney M">Boney M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a>, <a href="/wiki/KC_and_the_Sunshine_Band" title="KC and the Sunshine Band">KC and the Sunshine Band</a>, and others. In response to this, rock music became increasingly hard-edged, with early metal artists like <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a> also emerged, led by composers such as <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reich" title="Steve Reich">Steve Reich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nyman" title="Michael Nyman">Michael Nyman</a>. This was a break from the intellectual serial music in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a>, which lasted from the early 1900s to the 1960s. </p><p>The 1970s also saw artists from <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown records</a> become popular across the globe. Artists like the <a href="/wiki/The_Jackson_5" title="The Jackson 5">Jackson 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> dominated the record charts across the world and had a significant influence on pop culture, including breaking down racial barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg/240px-Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg/360px-Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg/480px-Jimmy_Page_with_Robert_Plant_2_-_Led_Zeppelin_-_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="1663" /></a><figcaption>British rock band <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Classical and experimental music influenced both <a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a> genres with bands such as <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Rundgren%27s_Utopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Todd Rundgren's Utopia">Todd Rundgren's Utopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supertramp" title="Supertramp">Supertramp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rush_(band)" title="Rush (band)">Rush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Crimson" title="King Crimson">King Crimson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerson,_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(band)" title="Jethro Tull (band)">Jethro Tull</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Moody_Blues" title="The Moody Blues">The Moody Blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a> also emerged among British bands <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a>, <a href="/wiki/UFO_(band)" title="UFO (band)">UFO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uriah_Heep_(band)" title="Uriah Heep (band)">Uriah Heep</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a>. Australian band <a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a> also found its hard-rock origins in the early 1970s and its breakthrough in 1979's <i><a href="/wiki/Highway_to_Hell" title="Highway to Hell">Highway to Hell</a></i>, while popular American rock bands included <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynyrd_Skynyrd" title="Lynyrd Skynyrd">Lynyrd Skynyrd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">shock rockers</a> <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper_(band)" title="Alice Cooper (band)">Alice Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult" title="Blue Öyster Cult">Blue Öyster Cult</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a>, and guitar-oriented <a href="/wiki/Ted_Nugent" title="Ted Nugent">Ted Nugent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Van_Halen" title="Van Halen">Van Halen</a>. In Europe, there was a surge of popularity in the early decade for <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a>. </p><p>After a successful return to live performing in the late 60s with his <a href="/wiki/Elvis_(1968_TV_program)" title="Elvis (1968 TV program)">TV special</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> regained his popularity through <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Vegas</a> performance engagements and concert tours throughout the United States until his death in 1977, which helped him reach a new generation of fans. His 1973 televised concert, <i><a href="/wiki/Aloha_from_Hawaii_Via_Satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite">Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite</a></i>, aired in over 40 countries in Europe and Asia, as well as the United States, making it one of the most popular concert events of the decade. </p><p>The second half of the decade saw the rise of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, when a spate of fresh, young rock groups playing stripped-down hard rock came to prominence at a time when most of the artists associated with the 1960s to early 1970s were in creative decline. Punk bands included <a href="/wiki/The_Sex_Pistols" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sex Pistols">The Sex Pistols</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ramones" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ramones">The Ramones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>, and more. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg/240px-DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg/360px-DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg/480px-DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> performing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time.</figcaption></figure> <p>The highest-selling album of the decade was <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (1973), along with <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_California_(Eagles_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel California (Eagles album)">Hotel California</a></i> (1976) and <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rumours_(album)" title="Rumours (album)">Rumours</a></i> (1977). <i>Dark Side of the Moon</i> remained on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200"><i>Billboard</i> 200</a> albums chart for 741 weeks. Electronic instrumental progressive rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Dream" title="Tangerine Dream">Tangerine Dream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Can_(band)" title="Can (band)">Can</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faust_(band)" title="Faust (band)">Faust</a> to circumvent the language barrier. Their synthesiser-heavy "<a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a>", along with the work of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> (for a time the keyboard player with <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>), would be a major influence on subsequent <a href="/wiki/Synthrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthrock">synthrock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogdanov2002Prog_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov2002Prog-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mid-1970s saw the rise of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_art_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic art music">electronic art music</a> musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Jarre" title="Jean-Michel Jarre">Jean-Michel Jarre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vangelis" title="Vangelis">Vangelis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isao_Tomita" title="Isao Tomita">Tomita</a>, who with Brian Eno were a significant influence of the development of <a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">new-age music</a>. Japanese band <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a> helped to pioneer synthpop, with their <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_(album)" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra (album)">self-titled album</a> (in <a href="/wiki/1978_in_music" title="1978 in music">1978</a>) setting a template with less minimalism and with a strong emphasis on melody, and drawing from a wider range of influences than had been employed by <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">YMO</a> also introduced the microprocessor-based <a href="/wiki/Roland_MC-8_Microcomposer" title="Roland MC-8 Microcomposer">Roland MC-8</a> sequencer and <a href="/wiki/TR-808" class="mw-redirect" title="TR-808">TR-808</a> rhythm machine to popular music. </p><p>In the first half of the 1970s, many jazz musicians from the <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> school achieved cross-over success through <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz-rock fusion</a> with bands like <a href="/wiki/Weather_Report" title="Weather Report">Weather Report</a>, <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Forever" title="Return to Forever">Return to Forever</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Headhunters" title="The Headhunters">The Headhunters</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mahavishnu_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mahavishnu Orchestra">The Mahavishnu Orchestra</a> who also influenced this genre and many others. In Germany, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eicher" title="Manfred Eicher">Manfred Eicher</a> started the <a href="/wiki/ECM_(record_label)" class="mw-redirect" title="ECM (record label)">ECM</a> label, which quickly made a name for "chamber jazz". Towards the end of the decade, Jamaican <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> music, already popular in the Caribbean and Africa since the early 1970s, became very popular in the U.S. and in Europe, mostly because of reggae superstar and legend <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a>. The mid-1970s saw the reemergence of acoustic jazz with the return of artists like <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a> to the US music scene, who, along with a number of other artists, such as trumpet innovators like <a href="/wiki/Don_Ellis" title="Don Ellis">Don Ellis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woody_Shaw" title="Woody Shaw">Woody Shaw</a>, who were among the last of the decade's traditionally-oriented acoustic jazz musicians to be signed to major record labels, to receive critical and widespread commercial recognition and multiple Grammy nominations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QueenPerforming1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/QueenPerforming1977.jpg/220px-QueenPerforming1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/QueenPerforming1977.jpg/330px-QueenPerforming1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/QueenPerforming1977.jpg/440px-QueenPerforming1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>British rock band <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a> and others</figcaption></figure> <p>The late 1970s also saw the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> with disc jockeys like <a href="/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc" title="DJ Kool Herc">DJ Kool Herc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Bambaataa" title="Afrika Bambaataa">Afrika Bambaataa</a> taking loops from funk and soul records and playing them repeatedly at block parties and dance clubs. At the end of the 1970s, popular songs like "<a href="/wiki/Rapper%27s_Delight" title="Rapper's Delight">Rapper's Delight</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Sugarhill_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugarhill Gang">Sugarhill Gang</a> gave hip hop a wider audience. Hip hop was also influenced by the song "<a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_Will_Not_Be_Televised" title="The Revolution Will Not Be Televised">The Revolution Will Not Be Televised</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a> also continued to increase in popularity in the 1970s. Between 1977 and 1979, it became more mainstream, particularly with the <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">outlaw movement</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>. The 70s also saw the rise of a country music subgenre, <a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">southern rock</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/Allman_Brothers_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Allman Brothers Band">Allman Brothers Band</a>. Other artists; such as <a href="/wiki/Conway_Twitty" title="Conway Twitty">Conway Twitty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Williams" title="Don Williams">Don Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Milsap" title="Ronnie Milsap">Ronnie Milsap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Gayle" title="Crystal Gayle">Crystal Gayle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mandrell" title="Barbara Mandrell">Barbara Mandrell</a>; all scored hits throughout the 70s which reached both country and pop charts. The genre also saw its golden age of vocal <a href="/wiki/Duet" title="Duet">duos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vocal_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal group">groups</a> in this decade; with <a href="/wiki/Conway_Twitty" title="Conway Twitty">Conway Twitty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ed_Brown" title="Jim Ed Brown">Jim Ed Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helen_Cornelius" title="Helen Cornelius">Helen Cornelius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bellamy_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellamy Brothers">Bellamy Brothers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Ridge Boys">Oak Ridge Boys</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Statler_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Statler Brothers">Statler Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_%26_Sugar" title="Dave & Sugar">Dave & Sugar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Kendalls" title="The Kendalls">The Kendalls</a>. The genre also became more involved in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> toward the end of the decade, with country-themed action films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Smokey_and_the_Bandit" title="Smokey and the Bandit">Smokey and the Bandit</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Every_Which_Way_But_Loose_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Every Which Way But Loose (film)">Every Which Way But Loose</a></i>, a trend that continued into the early 80s with <i><a href="/wiki/Urban_Cowboy" title="Urban Cowboy">Urban Cowboy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bronco_Billy" title="Bronco Billy">Bronco Billy</a></i>. </p><p>A major event in music in the early 1970s was the deaths of popular rock stars <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Morrison" title="Jim Morrison">Jim Morrison</a>, all at the age of 27. Two of popular music's most successful artists from other eras died within eight weeks of each other in 1977. <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, the best-selling singer of all time, died on August 16, 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presley's funeral was held at <a href="/wiki/Graceland" title="Graceland">Graceland</a>, on Thursday, August 18, 1977. <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, who sold about 50 million records, died on October 14, 1977. His single, <a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>, remains the best-selling single of all time, confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Records">Guinness Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the deaths in the 1970s, breakups of bands and duos; such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_and_Garfunkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Garfunkel">Simon and Garfunkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creedence_Clearwater_Revival" title="Creedence Clearwater Revival">Creedence Clearwater Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">the Everly Brothers</a>, and others; occurred over the course of the decade. </p><p>Statistically, Led Zeppelin and Elton John were the most successful musical acts of the 1970s, both having sold more than 300 million records since 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s, Japan had the second largest music market in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J-pop#1970s:_Development_of_"new_music"" title="J-pop">Popular music</a> included <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku#1970s–1980s:_Idol_kayō_era" title="Kayōkyoku">kayōkyoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#1960–1980:_Post-war_era_and_idol_beginnings" title="Japanese idol">idols</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_music_(Japanese_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="New music (Japanese genre)">new music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock#1970s_to_1980s:_Diversification" title="Japanese rock">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enka#1960s–1970s:_Commercial_success" title="Enka">enka</a>. Musical artists and bands included <a href="/wiki/Momoe_Yamaguchi" title="Momoe Yamaguchi">Momoe Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saori_Minami" title="Saori Minami">Saori Minami</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Candies_(group)" title="Candies (group)">Candies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Lady_(duo)" title="Pink Lady (duo)">Pink Lady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiromi_Go" title="Hiromi Go">Hiromi Go</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Saijo" title="Hideki Saijo">Hideki Saijo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yumi_Matsutoya" title="Yumi Matsutoya">Yuming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saki_Kubota" title="Saki Kubota">Saki Kubota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Ongg" title="Judy Ongg">Judy Ongg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sachiko_Kobayashi" title="Sachiko Kobayashi">Sachiko Kobayashi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_film" title="1970s in film">1970s in film</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg/220px-Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg/330px-Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg/440px-Hong_kong_bruce_lee_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a> fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema</figcaption></figure> <p>Oscar winners of the decade were <i><a href="/wiki/Patton_(film)" title="Patton (film)">Patton</a></i> (1970), <i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Connection_(film)" title="The French Connection (film)">The French Connection</a></i> (1971), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> (1972), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a></i> (1974), <i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a></i> (1975), <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i> (1976), <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a></i> (1977), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a></i> (1978), and <i><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a></i> (1979). </p><p>The top ten highest-grossing films of the decade are (in order from highest to lowest grossing): <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Exorcist (film)">The Exorcist</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever" title="Saturday Night Fever">Saturday Night Fever</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Jaws_2" title="Jaws 2">Jaws 2</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of these movies came out on the same day: June 16, 1978. </p><p>In 1970s <a href="/wiki/European_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="European cinema">European cinema</a>, the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a> brought about nostalgic motion pictures such as <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Szab%C3%B3" title="István Szabó">István Szabó</a>'s <i>Szerelmesfilm</i> (1970). <a href="/wiki/German_New_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="German New Wave">German New Wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Fassbinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainer Fassbinder">Rainer Fassbinder</a>'s existential movies characterized film-making in Germany. The movies of the Swedish director <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> reached a new level of expression in motion pictures like <i><a href="/wiki/Cries_and_Whispers" title="Cries and Whispers">Cries and Whispers</a></i> (1973). </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Airport_(1970_film)" title="Airport (1970 film)">Airport</a></i> was released in 1970, spawning the <a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">air disaster film</a> genre. Throughout the decade, the film inspired three sequels: <i><a href="/wiki/Airport_1975" title="Airport 1975">Airport 1975</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_%2777" title="Airport '77">Airport '77</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Concorde..._Airport_%2779" title="The Concorde... Airport '79">The Concorde... Airport '79</a></i>. The genre also inspired a spoof film (<i><a href="/wiki/Airplane!" title="Airplane!">Airplane!</a></i>) along with its two sequels in the early 1980s. A slew of other air disaster films followed suit throughout the 1980s and well into the 1990s, primarily in made-for-TV movies. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Car_chase" title="Car chase">Car chase</a> movies also became a popular film genre of the 1970s with such films as <i><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Mary,_Crazy_Larry" title="Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry">Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry</a></i> in 1974, and perhaps the genre's most popular film <i><a href="/wiki/Smokey_and_the_Bandit" title="Smokey and the Bandit">Smokey and the Bandit</a></i> in 1977. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ZubaidaTharwat&SalahZulfikar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg/210px-ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg/315px-ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg/420px-ZubaidaTharwat%26SalahZulfikar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salah_Zulfikar" title="Salah Zulfikar">Salah Zulfikar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zubaida_Tharwat" title="Zubaida Tharwat">Zubaida Tharwat</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Man_(1973_film)" title="The Other Man (1973 film)">The Other Man</a></i> (1973)</figcaption></figure> <p>Asian cinema of the 1970s catered to the rising middle class fantasies and struggles. In the <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> cinema of India, this was epitomized by the movies of Bollywood superhero <a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a>. Another Asian touchstone beginning in the early 1970s was <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_martial_arts_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong martial arts film">Hong Kong martial arts film</a> which sparked a greater interest in Chinese martial arts around the world. <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts film</a> reached the peak of its popularity largely in part due to its greatest icon, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a>. During the 1970s, Hollywood continued the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> movement of the late-1960s with young filmmakers like <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, as well as films like <i><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_Now" title="Apocalypse Now">Apocalypse Now</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a></i>. Top-grossing <i>Jaws</i> (1975) ushered in the <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbuster</a> era of filmmaking, though it was eclipsed two years later by the science-fiction film <i>Star Wars</i> (1977). <i>Saturday Night Fever</i> (1977) single-handedly touched off disco mania in the U.S. <i>The Godfather</i> (1972) was also one of the decade's greatest successes and its first follow-up, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a></i> (1974) was also successful for a sequel. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rocky_Horror_Picture_Show" title="The Rocky Horror Picture Show">The Rocky Horror Picture Show</a></i> flopped in its 1975 debut, only to reappear as a more-popular midnight show later in the decade. Still in limited release decades after its premiere, it is the longest-running theatrical release in film history. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist" title="The Exorcist">The Exorcist</a></i> (1973) was a box office success for the horror genre, inspiring many other so-called "devil (Satan)" films like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Omen" title="The Omen">The Omen</a></i> and both of their own sequels. The release of the movie followed a general mood of paranoia on satanic themes in the United States; also the counterculture of the 1970s saw an increasing interest in <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Jazz_(film)" title="All That Jazz (film)">All That Jazz</a></i> (1979) gained high critical praise, winning four Oscars and several other awards. It was an inductee of the 2001 <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a> continued its reign throughout the 1970s, with one of its most popular films of the decade being <i><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Does_Dallas" title="Debbie Does Dallas">Debbie Does Dallas</a></i> in 1978. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_television" title="1970s in television">1970s in television</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, colour channels were now available; three stations had begun broadcasting in colour between 1967 and 1969. However, many viewers continued to watch black-and-white television sets for most of the decade, which meant for example that televised <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a> (in which the colour of balls is important) did not reach the heights of its popularity until the 1980s. </p><p>Notable dramas included <i><a href="/wiki/Play_for_Today" title="Play for Today">Play for Today</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pennies_from_Heaven_(TV_series)" title="Pennies from Heaven (TV series)">Pennies from Heaven</a></i>. In police dramas, there was a move towards increasing realism; popular shows included <i><a href="/wiki/Dixon_of_Dock_Green" title="Dixon of Dock Green">Dixon of Dock Green</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Z-Cars" title="Z-Cars">Z-Cars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Softly,_Softly_(television_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Softly, Softly (television series)">Softly, Softly</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sweeney" title="The Sweeney">The Sweeney</a></i>. </p><p>The science fiction show <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> reached its peak. </p><p>1970s UK television featured a mix of traditional more modern comedies and sitcoms. <i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Wise" title="Morecambe and Wise">Morecambe and Wise</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Benny_Hill_Show" title="The Benny Hill Show">The Benny Hill Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Are_You_Being_Served%3F" title="Are You Being Served?">Are You Being Served?</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dad%27s_Army" title="Dad's Army">Dad's Army</a></i> had their origins in the variety show and radio comedy of the first half of the century. Many popular British <a href="/wiki/Situation_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Situation comedy">situation comedies</a> (sit-coms) were gentle, unchallenging comedies of middle-class life; typical examples were <i><a href="/wiki/Terry_and_June" title="Terry and June">Terry and June</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sykes_(TV_series)" title="Sykes (TV series)">Sykes</a></i>. However, the middle-class settings of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Life_(1975_TV_series)" title="The Good Life (1975 TV series)">The Good Life</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_and_Rise_of_Reginald_Perrin" title="The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin">The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin</a></i> contrasted with their anti-establishment theme of people rejecting traditional social norms. A harsher side of society was shown by comedy series like <i><a href="/wiki/Porridge_(1974_TV_series)" title="Porridge (1974 TV series)">Porridge</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Damp" title="Rising Damp">Rising Damp</a></i>, while sitcoms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mind_Your_Language" title="Mind Your Language">Mind Your Language</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Thy_Neighbour_(1972_TV_series)" title="Love Thy Neighbour (1972 TV series)">Love Thy Neighbour</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Till_Death_Us_Do_Part" title="Till Death Us Do Part">Till Death Us Do Part</a></i> reflected social unease brought about by post-war immigration. <a href="/wiki/Spike_Milligan" title="Spike Milligan">Spike Milligan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Q_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Q (TV series)">Q</a></i> and the still-popular <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i> both used surreal comedy, originating from the 1950s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Goon_Show" title="The Goon Show">The Goon Show</a></i>. </p><p>During the 1970s, the original animated television series <i><a href="/wiki/Roobarb" title="Roobarb">Roobarb</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Noah_and_Nelly_in..._SkylArk" title="Noah and Nelly in... SkylArk">Noah and Nelly in... SkylArk</a></i>. </p><p>The television information retrieval service <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> was initially introduced when the BBC <a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a> system went live on 23 September 1974. </p><p>In the late 1970s, BBC2's unveiled a new identity, a twin-striped "2", which was the first electronically generated symbol and scrolled on and off the screen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG/220px-Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG/330px-Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG/440px-Redd_Foxx_Demond_Wilson_Sanford_and_Son_1972.JPG 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Redd_Foxx" title="Redd Foxx">Redd Foxx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demond_Wilson" title="Demond Wilson">Demond Wilson</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Sanford_and_Son" title="Sanford and Son">Sanford and Son</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>As the 1970s began, the Big Three TV networks were rapidly re-engineering their lineups, noting that existing programs were not attracting the youth audience. Most existing programs still operated on paradigms established in the 1950s, and some shows had literally been on the air since the dawn of TV broadcasting in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Shows that had low ratings or insufficient youth appeal were cancelled as networks scrambled to attract the large <a href="/wiki/Baby_boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boomer">baby boomer</a> audience. </p><p>To reflect the new social trends, television changed dramatically with more urban and edgy settings, and replaced the popular rural/country wholesome look of the 1950s and 1960s, seen as outmoded and unable to connect with young, educated urban audiences. This particular trend was known as the <a href="/wiki/Rural_purge" title="Rural purge">rural purge</a>. Television was transformed by what became termed as "social consciousness" programming, such as <i><a href="/wiki/All_in_the_Family" title="All in the Family">All in the Family</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Soap_(TV_series)" title="Soap (TV series)">Soap</a></i>, which broke down television barriers. Many advertising trends of the 1970s also reflected this growing social consciousness trend, such as with Coca-Cola's "Give the World a Coke" and Mcdonalds' "You Deserve a Break" campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The women's movement ushered in a slew of programming featuring strong, independent females as central characters. Most notable was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mary_Tyler_Moore_Show" title="The Mary Tyler Moore Show">The Mary Tyler Moore Show</a></i>, which spawned the successful spin-offs <i><a href="/wiki/Rhoda" title="Rhoda">Rhoda</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(TV_series)" title="Phyllis (TV series)">Phyllis</a></i>, and also resulted in Mary Tyler Moore becoming the first female to head a television production company of her own, <a href="/wiki/MTM_Enterprises" title="MTM Enterprises">MTM Enterprises</a>, which churned out groundbreaking programming in the late 1970s throughout the 1990s. Women were also established portraying action characters in programs like <i><a href="/wiki/Police_Woman_(TV_series)" title="Police Woman (TV series)">Police Woman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(TV_series)" title="Wonder Woman (TV series)">Wonder Woman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bionic_Woman" title="The Bionic Woman">The Bionic Woman</a></i>, and others. </p><p>Minority-centric television programming also featured prominently during the 1970s. Shows featuring African-Americans as main characters, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sanford_and_Son" title="Sanford and Son">Sanford and Son</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Maude_(TV_series)" title="Maude (TV series)">Maude</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jeffersons" title="The Jeffersons">The Jeffersons</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Times" title="Good Times">Good Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_(1977_miniseries)" title="Roots (1977 miniseries)">Roots</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Happening!!" title="What's Happening!!">What's Happening!!</a></i> broke down barriers and became very popular. In addition, <i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Train" title="Soul Train">Soul Train</a></i>, the brainchild of <a href="/wiki/Don_Cornelius" title="Don Cornelius">Don Cornelius</a>, premiered in 1971 as the African-American counterpart to <i><a href="/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a></i>, giving a forum for <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, and future <a href="/wiki/Rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap">rap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> artists to gain exposure to American audiences, consumers, music lovers, enthusiasts, and those keen on learning new dance moves. </p><p>The television <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a>, which had been very popular in the 1950s and 1960s, all but died out during the 1970s, with <i><a href="/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virginian_(TV_series)" title="The Virginian (TV series)">The Virginian</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a></i> ending their runs. Replacing westerns were police and detective shows, a trend that would last through the 1980s. </p><p>Television still had its medical shows of the 1970s, however, <i><a href="/wiki/Emergency!" title="Emergency!">Emergency!</a></i> was the first popular <a href="/wiki/Medical_drama" title="Medical drama">medical drama</a> ever to feature both the paramedic program as well as the hospital emergency department, which also encouraged future people in the United States to develop their own paramedic program or hospital emergency department, and acted as an inspiration for many individuals. <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Welby,_M.D." title="Marcus Welby, M.D.">Marcus Welby, M.D.</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Medical_Center_(TV_series)" title="Medical Center (TV series)">Medical Center</a></i> were other long-running medical dramas popular during the 1970s. </p><p>1950s nostalgia became a theme in prime time sitcoms with the <a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a>-produced <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days" title="Happy Days">Happy Days</a></i> and its two <a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">spin-offs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Laverne_%26_Shirley" title="Laverne & Shirley">Laverne & Shirley</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mork_%26_Mindy" title="Mork & Mindy">Mork & Mindy</a></i>. </p><p>By the mid-to-late 1970s, "<a href="/wiki/Jiggle_television" title="Jiggle television">jiggle television</a>"—programs oriented toward sexual gratification and <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farce</a> comedy and situations—became popular. Such programs included <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels" title="Charlie's Angels">Charlie's Angels</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Boat" title="The Love Boat">The Love Boat</a></i>, and perhaps the genre's most popular, <i><a href="/wiki/Three%27s_Company" title="Three's Company">Three's Company</a></i>. </p><p>Soap operas expanded their audiences beyond <a href="/wiki/Housewives" class="mw-redirect" title="Housewives">housewives</a> with the rise of <i><a href="/wiki/All_My_Children" title="All My Children">All My Children</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/As_the_World_Turns" title="As the World Turns">As the World Turns</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_and_the_Restless" title="The Young and the Restless">The Young and the Restless</a></i>; with many extending their episodes from 30 minutes to an hour. The soap <i><a href="/wiki/Another_World_(TV_series)" title="Another World (TV series)">Another World</a></i> began a 16-month experiment in March 1979 by screening 90-minute episodes, the only serial to do so. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Game_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Game shows">Game shows</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Match_Game" title="Match Game">Match Game</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Squares" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hollywood Squares">The Hollywood Squares</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Feud" title="Family Feud">Family Feud</a></i>, and many others, saw their golden ages on <a href="/wiki/Daytime_television_in_the_United_States" title="Daytime television in the United States">daytime television</a>. The height of <i>Match Game</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s popularity occurred between 1973 and 1977, before it was overtaken by <i>Family Feud</i> in 1978. Television's current longest-running game show, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Price_Is_Right_(U.S._game_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)">The Price Is Right</a></i>, began its run hosted by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a> in 1972. </p><p>Another influential genre was the television newscast, which built on its initial widespread success in the 1960s. </p><p>The science fiction phenomenon of the late 1970s that began with <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></i> went to television with shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Battlestar_Galactica_(1978_TV_series)" title="Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)">Battlestar Galactica</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Variety_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety shows">Variety shows</a>, a staple of TV programming since the beginning, were also re-engineered to appeal to young viewers. Old standbys such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Skelton_Show" title="The Red Skelton Show">The Red Skelton Show</a></i> were canceled and replaced by hipper programming like <i><a href="/wiki/Sonny_and_Cher_Comedy_Hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour">Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Donny_%26_Marie_(1976_TV_series)" title="Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)">Donny & Marie</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show" title="The Carol Burnett Show">The Carol Burnett Show</a></i> also ended its historic 11-year run in 1978. In the end, rising production costs largely did in variety shows. The exception was <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> (then known as <i>NBC's Saturday Night</i>), which was created by <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Michaels" title="Lorne Michaels">Lorne Michaels</a> and premiered in 1975, with an original cast of <a href="/wiki/Laraine_Newman" title="Laraine Newman">Laraine Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Belushi" title="John Belushi">John Belushi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Curtin" title="Jane Curtin">Jane Curtin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Morris" title="Garrett Morris">Garrett Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chevy_Chase" title="Chevy Chase">Chevy Chase</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dukes_of_Hazzard" title="The Dukes of Hazzard">The Dukes of Hazzard</a></i> began its six-year run in 1979. The series was inspired by the car-chase film genre, particularly the 1975 film <i><a href="/wiki/Moonrunners" title="Moonrunners">Moonrunners</a></i>, on which the series was based, with similar characters and scenes; and both were directed by <a href="/wiki/Gy_Waldron" title="Gy Waldron">Gy Waldron</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pay_television">Pay television</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Pay television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As cable television became more affordable and accessible by U.S. consumers, the race to bring the silver screen to the small screen commenced with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">pay television</a> services showing premium content. </p><p><a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> launched on November 8, 1972, becoming the nation's first pay-television channel. On September 30, 1975, HBO became the first television network to continuously deliver signals via satellite when it showed the "<a href="/wiki/Thrilla_in_Manila" title="Thrilla in Manila">Thrilla in Manila</a>" boxing match between <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Frazier" title="Joe Frazier">Joe Frazier</a>. </p><p>Star Channel launched its service offerings nationally in 1973 through the delivery of movies on videotapes for cable providers to broadcast. This proved problematic since the videotapes were often riddled with technical difficulties. Star Channel eventually was linked up to satellite in January 1978. Shortly after, Warner Communications acquired the channel and relaunched it on December 1, 1979, in its current form as <a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">The Movie Channel</a>. </p><p>Media giant <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (2005–present)">Viacom</a> launched their premium service, <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a>, nationally on July 1, 1976, after a brief, wildly successful test launch on their cable system in <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_California" title="Dublin, California">Dublin, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, Australian TV tested color transmissions (full-time color came in 1975). Popular shows during the decade include, <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Talent_Time" title="Young Talent Time">Young Talent Time</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Number_96_(TV_series)" title="Number 96 (TV series)">Number 96</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Aunty_Jack_Show" title="The Aunty Jack Show">The Aunty Jack Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Class_of_%2774" title="Class of '74">Class of '74</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sullivans" title="The Sullivans">The Sullivans</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Don_Lane_Show" title="The Don Lane Show">The Don Lane Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cop_Shop" title="Cop Shop">Cop Shop</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Vicar_Show" title="The Naked Vicar Show">The Naked Vicar Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paul_Hogan_Show" title="The Paul Hogan Show">The Paul Hogan Show</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_(Australian_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Countdown (Australian TV series)">Countdown</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Africa saw nationwide television service for the first time on January 5, 1976, although limited-view, locally available television began on May 5, 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original anime television series <i><a href="/wiki/Vicky_the_Viking" title="Vicky the Viking">Vicky the Viking</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heidi,_Girl_of_the_Alps" title="Heidi, Girl of the Alps">Heidi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Maya_the_Honey_Bee" title="Maya the Honey Bee">Maya the Bee</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Doraemon_(1979_TV_series)" title="Doraemon (1979 TV series)">Doraemon</a></i> in both 1974, 1975 and 1979, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_and_video_games">Computer and video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Computer and video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pong_bs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Pong_bs.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a> (1972)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg/150px-Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg/225px-Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg/300px-Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Microvision" title="Microvision">Microvision</a> (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_video_games" title="1970s in video games">1970s in video games</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_games#1970s" title="History of video games">History of video games § 1970s</a></div> <ul><li>Popular and notable video games of the 1970s include: <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_video_arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age of video arcade games">Golden age of video arcade games</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Fight" title="Gun Fight">Gun Fight</a></i> was the first video game to contain a <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregon_Trail_(1971_video_game)" title="The Oregon Trail (1971 video game)">The Oregon Trail</a></i> was the first publicly available educational video game made available for widespread use in schools on December 3, 1971. The game is a cult classic and is still used today, in a wide variety of formats, through emulators and on smartphones.</li> <li>The first commercially available video game console, entitled <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>, was released in September 1972, created by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Baer" title="Ralph H. Baer">Ralph H. Baer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 in video gaming">1974</a>: Both <i><a href="/wiki/Maze_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze War">Maze War</a></i> (on the <a href="/wiki/Imlac_PDS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Imlac PDS-1">Imlac PDS-1</a> at the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Ames_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Ames Research Center">NASA Ames Research Center</a> in California) and <i><a href="/wiki/Spasim" title="Spasim">Spasim</a></i> (on PLATO) appeared, pioneering examples of early multiplayer 3D <a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooters</a>.</li> <li>In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> introduced the first <a href="/wiki/Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">handheld electronic game</a> with the release of <a href="/wiki/Mattel_Auto_Race" title="Mattel Auto Race">Mattel Auto Race</a>.</li> <li>Then, in 1976, <a href="/wiki/William_Crowther_(computer_programmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Crowther (computer programmer)">William Crowther</a> wrote the first modern text adventure game, <a href="/wiki/Colossal_Cave_Adventure" title="Colossal Cave Adventure">Colossal Cave Adventure</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc.">Apple, Inc.</a> ushered in the modern personal computing age with its June 1, 1977, launch of the first mass-produced personal computer, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>. Although many business-focused personal workstations were available to corporations years earlier, the Apple II has the distinction of being the first to produce personal computers specifically targeted to home users, beating the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_PET" title="Commodore PET">Commodore PET</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atari_400" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari 400">Atari 400</a> to the market by five months. The original retail price of the computer was US$1298<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(with 4 KB of RAM) and US$2638 (with the maximum 48 KB of RAM).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> was released in October 1977 and was a huge commercial success. It was challenged by the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnavox Odyssey²">Magnavox Odyssey²</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a> from 1976 becomes the first programmable <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridge</a>-based video game console.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Microvision" title="Microvision">Microvision</a> was the first hand-held game console using interchangeable cartridges. It was released by the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Bradley_Company" title="Milton Bradley Company">Milton Bradley Company</a> in November 1979.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_sports" title="1970s in sports">1970s in sports</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> in Munich, Germany saw swimmer <a href="/wiki/Mark_Spitz" title="Mark Spitz">Mark Spitz</a> set seven World Records and won a record seven gold medals. The <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a> were held in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec, Canada. <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> won the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA World Cup 1970">1970 FIFA World Cup</a> in Mexico, West Germany won the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_1974" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA World Cup 1974">1974 FIFA World Cup</a> in West Germany, and Argentina won the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA World Cup 1978">1978 FIFA World Cup</a> in Argentina. The <a href="/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1970 FIFA World Cup">1970 FIFA World Cup</a> was the first world cup to be televised in color. </p><p>On April 9, 1975, Asia's first professional basketball league, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association" title="Philippine Basketball Association">Philippine Basketball Association</a> (PBA) had its first game at the <a href="/wiki/Smart_Araneta_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart Araneta Coliseum">Araneta Coliseum</a> in Cubao, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, Philippines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_2">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG/150px-Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG/225px-Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG/300px-Dave_Schultz_hockey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dave_Schultz_(ice_hockey)" title="Dave Schultz (ice hockey)">Dave Schultz</a> won Stanley Cup two times</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> three-peated at the World Series in <a href="/wiki/1972_World_Series" title="1972 World Series">1972</a>–<a href="/wiki/1974_World_Series" title="1974 World Series">1974</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> go to the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> in <a href="/wiki/1970_World_Series" title="1970 World Series">1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/1972_World_Series" title="1972 World Series">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/1975_World_Series" title="1975 World Series">1975</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1976_World_Series" title="1976 World Series">1976</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/Big_Red_Machine" title="Big Red Machine">Big Red Machine</a> winning two out of four. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> won the World Series in <a href="/wiki/1977_World_Series" title="1977 World Series">1977</a> and <a href="/wiki/1978_World_Series" title="1978 World Series">1978</a> after losing in <a href="/wiki/1976_World_Series" title="1976 World Series">1976</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> dominated the decade in the NFL. Steelers were led by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Bradshaw" title="Terry Bradshaw">Terry Bradshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Noll" title="Chuck Noll">Chuck Noll</a>, and the Cowboys were led by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Staubach" title="Roger Staubach">Roger Staubach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Landry" title="Tom Landry">Tom Landry</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> became the only team in NFL history to go "all the way," winning the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> with an <a href="/wiki/1972_Miami_Dolphins_season" title="1972 Miami Dolphins season">undefeated record</a>—a feat that remains unmatched to this day. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1974_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1974 Stanley Cup Finals">1974</a> and <a href="/wiki/1975_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1975 Stanley Cup Finals">1975</a>, a team best remembered as "The Broad Street Bullies". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disc_sports_(Frisbee)"><span id="Disc_sports_.28Frisbee.29"></span>Disc sports (Frisbee)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Disc sports (Frisbee)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As numbers of young people became alienated from social norms, they resisted and looked for alternatives. They would form what would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>. The forms of escape and resistance would manifest in many ways including social activism, alternative lifestyles, experimental living through foods, dress, music and alternative recreational activities, including that of throwing a <a href="/wiki/Frisbee" title="Frisbee">frisbee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What started with a few players like Victor Malafronte, Z Weyand and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Westerfield" title="Ken Westerfield">Ken Westerfield</a> experimenting with new ways of throwing and catching a frisbee, later would become known as playing <a href="/wiki/Flying_disc_freestyle" title="Flying disc freestyle">freestyle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organized disc sports, in the 1970s, began with promotional efforts from <a href="/wiki/Wham-O" title="Wham-O">Wham-O</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Toy" title="Irwin Toy">Irwin Toy</a> (Canada), a few tournaments and professionals using frisbee show tours to perform at universities, fairs and sporting events.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disc sports such as freestyle, <a href="/wiki/Double_disc_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Double disc court">double disc court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">guts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">disc ultimate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a> became this sports first events.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="1970s in literature">1970s in literature</a></div> <p>Fiction in the early 1970s brought a return to old-fashioned storytelling, especially with <a href="/wiki/Erich_Segal" title="Erich Segal">Erich Segal</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Story_(1970_film)" title="Love Story (1970 film)">Love Story</a></i>. The seventies also saw the decline of previously well-respected writers, such as <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_De_Vries" title="Peter De Vries">Peter De Vries</a>, who both released poorly received novels at the start of the decade. Racism remained a key literary subject. <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> emerged as a major literary figure. Reflections on the 1960s experience also found roots in the literature of the decade through the works of <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wright_Morris" title="Wright Morris">Wright Morris</a>. With the rising cost of hard-cover books and the increasing readership of "<a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">genre fiction</a>", the paperback became a popular medium. Criminal non-fiction also became a popular topic. Irreverence and satire, typified in <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_of_Champions" title="Breakfast of Champions">Breakfast of Champions</a></i>, were common literary elements. The horror genre also emerged, and by the late 1970s <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> had become one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Genre_novelist" class="mw-redirect" title="Genre novelist">genre novelists</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Postmodern" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern">postmodern</a> author <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> published his most famous work, <i><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i>, in 1973. </p><p>In non-fiction, several books related to Nixon and the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a> topped the best-selling lists. 1977 brought many high-profile biographical works of literary figures, such as those of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_fake_memoirs_and_journals" title="List of fake memoirs and journals">fake memoir</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Go_Ask_Alice" title="Go Ask Alice">Go Ask Alice</a></i> was released in 1971. Upon its initial release the book was marketed as a real diary of a teenage girl who overdosed in the 1960s. However, it was later revealed that the book was actually written by <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Sparks" title="Beatrice Sparks">Beatrice Sparks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:256px;max-width:256px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Trade_Center,_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_(March_2001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/World_Trade_Center%2C_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_%28March_2001%29.jpg/118px-World_Trade_Center%2C_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_%28March_2001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/World_Trade_Center%2C_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_%28March_2001%29.jpg/177px-World_Trade_Center%2C_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_%28March_2001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/World_Trade_Center%2C_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_%28March_2001%29.jpg/236px-World_Trade_Center%2C_New_York_City_-_aerial_view_%28March_2001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="1924" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> towers were the world's tallest buildings from 1972 to 1973.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sears_Tower_ss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg/130px-Sears_Tower_ss.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg/195px-Sears_Tower_ss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg/260px-Sears_Tower_ss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Sears_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears Tower">Sears Tower</a> became the world's tallest building when completed in 1973.</div></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CN_Tower_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/CN_Tower_1976.jpg/100px-CN_Tower_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/CN_Tower_1976.jpg/150px-CN_Tower_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/CN_Tower_1976.jpg/200px-CN_Tower_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="2398" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a> was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure.</figcaption></figure> <p>Architecture in the 1970s began as a continuation of styles created by such architects as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a>. Early in the decade, several architects competed to build the tallest building in the world. Of these buildings, the most notable are the <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock_Center" title="John Hancock Center">John Hancock Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sears_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears Tower">Sears Tower</a> in Chicago, both designed by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Graham" title="Bruce Graham">Bruce Graham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazlur Khan">Fazlur Khan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> towers in New York by American architect <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Yamasaki" title="Minoru Yamasaki">Minoru Yamasaki</a>. The decade also brought experimentation in geometric design, <a href="/wiki/Pop-art" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop-art">pop-art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>, and early <a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">deconstructivism</a>. </p><p>Design trends in the 1970s were marked by a backlash against the bright colors and futurism of the 1950s and 1960s and a rise in popularity of dark, earthy tones with extensive use of brown, green, purple, and orange. Wood decor and paneling was integral to 1970s interior design as well, replacing the obsession of the 1950s and 1960s with chrome and aluminum. Darker colors not only reflected the back-to-nature mindset of the decade, but the sluggish world economy with its lowered optimism and expectations for the future. </p><p>In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a>'s last and arguably most famous building, the National Assembly Building of <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bangladesh, was completed. The building's use of open spaces and groundbreaking geometry brought rare attention to the small South Asian country. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Stubbins" title="Hugh Stubbins">Hugh Stubbins</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center">Citicorp Center</a> revolutionized the incorporation of solar panels in office buildings. The seventies brought further experimentation in glass and steel construction and geometric design. Chinese architect <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a>'s <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock_Tower" title="John Hancock Tower">John Hancock Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, is an example, although like many buildings of the time, the experimentation was flawed and glass panes fell from the façade. In 1976, the completed <a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a> in Toronto became the world's tallest free-standing structure on land, an honor it held until 2007. The fact that no taller tower had been built between the construction of the CN Tower and the <a href="/wiki/Burj_Khalifa" title="Burj Khalifa">Burj Khalifa</a> shows how innovative the architecture and engineering of the structure truly were. </p><p>Modern architecture was increasingly criticized as the decade went on from the point of view of postmodern architects, such as <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a>, Charles Moore, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a>, who advocated a return to pre-modern styles of architecture and the incorporation of pop elements as a means of communicating with a broader public. Other architects, such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Eisenman" title="Peter Eisenman">Peter Eisenman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Five" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Five">New York Five</a>, advocated the pursuit of form for the sake of form and drew on semiotics theory for support. </p><p>"High Tech" architecture moved forward as <a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Buckminster Fuller</a> continued his experiments in <a href="/wiki/Geodesic_domes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geodesic domes">geodesic domes</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou Center</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>, which opened in 1977, was a prominent example. As the decade drew to a close, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a> broke out in a new direction with his own house in Santa Monica, a highly complex structure, half excavated out of an existing bungalow and half cheaply built construction using materials such as chicken wire fencing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers in Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Chinese: 秦始皇陵; pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng Ling). In 1978, electrical workers in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> found the remains of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Tenochtitlan" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan">Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan</a> in the middle of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1970s_in_fashion" title="1970s in fashion">1970s in fashion</a></div> <p>Clothing styles during the 1970s were influenced by outfits seen in popular music groups and in Hollywood films.<sup id="cite_ref-collectorsweekly_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collectorsweekly-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In clothing, prints, especially from India and other parts of the world, were fashionable.<sup id="cite_ref-collectorsweekly_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collectorsweekly-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the 1970s fashion styles were influenced by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hippie_movement#1970_to_present" title="History of the hippie movement">hippie movement</a>. As well as the hippie look, the 70s also gave way to <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a> styles, started off by <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> who was named the King of Glam Rock. Glam was a <a href="/wiki/Genderbent" class="mw-redirect" title="Genderbent">genderbent</a> and outlandish style. </p><p>Significant fashion trends of the 1970s include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottomed pants</a> remained popular throughout the decade. These combined with <a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">turtle necked shirts</a> and flower-prints to form the characteristic 1970s look. In the later part of the decade, this gave way to three-piece suits, in large part because of the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever" title="Saturday Night Fever">Saturday Night Fever</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sideburn">Sideburns</a> were popular for men, particularly mutton chops; as were <a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">beards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mustaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustaches">mustaches</a> which had been out of fashion since the 19th and early 20th century.</li> <li>Women's hairstyles went from long and straight in the first half of the decade to the feathery cut of <a href="/wiki/Farrah_Fawcett" title="Farrah Fawcett">Farrah Fawcett</a>, a trend that continued through the first half of the 1980s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minidress" class="mw-redirect" title="Minidress">minidresses</a> were still popular in the first half of the decade, particularly with pleated "rah-rah" skirts with higher hemlines; but they were quickly phased out by the mid-70s in favor of <a href="/wiki/Hot_pants" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot pants">hot pants</a>. However, miniskirts and minidresses never totally went away, and they made a return to mainstream fashion in the mid-1980s and has remained a fashion staple in the decades since.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">Crop tops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hot_pants" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot pants">hot pants</a> became popular summer outfits among young women and teenage girls in the second half of the decade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform shoes">Platform shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_suit" title="Leisure suit">Leisure suits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Mohawk hairstyle</a> was associated with <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flokati_rug" title="Flokati rug">Flokati rugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_lamp" title="Lava lamp">Lava lamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papasan_chair" title="Papasan chair">Papasan chairs</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1165px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bell-bottomed pants were especially popular throughout the decade"><img alt="Bell-bottomed pants were especially popular throughout the decade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg/107px-Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg/160px-Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg/213px-Redhead_Beach_Bell_Bottoms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottomed pants</a> were especially popular throughout the decade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Farrah Fawcett hairstyle was considered particularly fashionable during the decade"><img alt="The Farrah Fawcett hairstyle was considered particularly fashionable during the decade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG/95px-Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG/143px-Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG/191px-Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Farrah_Fawcett" title="Farrah Fawcett">Farrah Fawcett</a> hairstyle was considered particularly fashionable during the decade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Denim jackets and headbands were also a trend, modeled here by Dolly Parton in 1977"><img alt="Denim jackets and headbands were also a trend, modeled here by Dolly Parton in 1977" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg/97px-Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg/146px-Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg/195px-Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="941" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Denim jackets and headbands were also a trend, modeled here by <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a> in 1977 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_disco_quad_roller_skates.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roller-skating was at its peak in the 1970s, and was closely associated with disco music and roller discos"><img alt="Roller-skating was at its peak in the 1970s, and was closely associated with disco music and roller discos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Blue_disco_quad_roller_skates.jpg/154px-Blue_disco_quad_roller_skates.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Blue_disco_quad_roller_skates.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roller-skating was at its peak in the 1970s, and was closely associated with disco music and <a href="/wiki/Roller_disco" title="Roller disco">roller discos</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Miniskirts were still popular in the first half of the decade"><img alt="Miniskirts were still popular in the first half of the decade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG/120px-A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG/180px-A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG/240px-A_girl_in_Kensington.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Miniskirts" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniskirts">Miniskirts</a> were still popular in the first half of the decade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Preston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billy Preston sporting an afro in 1974"><img alt="Billy Preston sporting an afro in 1974" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Billy_Preston.jpg/88px-Billy_Preston.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Billy_Preston.jpg/132px-Billy_Preston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Billy_Preston.jpg/176px-Billy_Preston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a> sporting an <a href="/wiki/Afro" title="Afro">afro</a> in 1974</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors_/_Entertainers"><span id="Actors_.2F_Entertainers"></span>Actors / Entertainers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Actors / Entertainers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Adorf" title="Mario Adorf">Mario Adorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Albertson" title="Jack Albertson">Jack Albertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Allen_(actress)" title="Nancy Allen (actress)">Nancy Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Amos" title="John Amos">John Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Andress" title="Ursula Andress">Ursula Andress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Arkin" title="Alan Arkin">Alan Arkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bea_Arthur" title="Bea Arthur">Bea Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Asner" title="Ed Asner">Ed Asner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Avery" title="Margaret Avery">Margaret Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Bain" title="Conrad Bain">Conrad Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Baker" title="Tom Baker">Tom Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balsam" title="Martin Balsam">Martin Balsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Beatty" title="Ned Beatty">Ned Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Belushi" title="John Belushi">John Belushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Birkin" title="Jane Birkin">Jane Birkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Bisset" title="Jacqueline Bisset">Jacqueline Bisset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bixby" title="Bill Bixby">Bill Bixby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Black" title="Karen Black">Karen Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Blair" title="Linda Blair">Linda Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bosley" title="Tom Bosley">Tom Bosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boyle" title="Peter Boyle">Peter Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Braeden" title="Eric Braeden">Eric Braeden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Brennan" title="Eileen Brennan">Eileen Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brolin" title="James Brolin">James Brolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bronson" title="Charles Bronson">Charles Bronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Brown" title="Jim Brown">Jim Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Lee_Browne" title="Roscoe Lee Browne">Roscoe Lee Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Burstyn" title="Ellen Burstyn">Ellen Burstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Burr" title="Raymond Burr">Raymond Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Busey" title="Gary Busey">Gary Busey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Caan" title="James Caan">James Caan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Caesar" title="Sid Caesar">Sid Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Camp" title="Colleen Camp">Colleen Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Candy" title="John Candy">John Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Carradine" title="David Carradine">David Carradine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Carradine" title="Keith Carradine">Keith Carradine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diahann_Carroll" title="Diahann Carroll">Diahann Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Carter" title="Lynda Carter">Lynda Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cassidy" title="David Cassidy">David Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">John Cassavetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chamberlain" title="Richard Chamberlain">Richard Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Chaplin" title="Geraldine Chaplin">Geraldine Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevy_Chase" title="Chevy Chase">Chevy Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Clayburgh" title="Jill Clayburgh">Jill Clayburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Coburn" title="James Coburn">James Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Coco" title="James Coco">James Coco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Collins" title="Joan Collins">Joan Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Connors" title="Mike Connors">Mike Connors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Conway" title="Tim Conway">Tim Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crenna" title="Richard Crenna">Richard Crenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Curtis" title="Tony Curtis">Tony Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Dangerfield" title="Rodney Dangerfield">Rodney Dangerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blythe_Danner" title="Blythe Danner">Blythe Danner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Davison" title="Bruce Davison">Bruce Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_DeLuise" title="Dom DeLuise">Dom DeLuise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Dern" title="Bruce Dern">Bruce Dern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_DeVito" title="Danny DeVito">Danny DeVito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_DeWitt" title="Joyce DeWitt">Joyce DeWitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Doyle_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Doyle (actor)">David Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Dunaway" title="Faye Dunaway">Faye Dunaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Durning" title="Charles Durning">Charles Durning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Duvall" title="Shelley Duvall">Shelley Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Eden" title="Barbara Eden">Barbara Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britt_Ekland" title="Britt Ekland">Britt Ekland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Farrow" title="Mia Farrow">Mia Farrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrah_Fawcett" title="Farrah Fawcett">Farrah Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fletcher" title="Louise Fletcher">Louise Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonda" title="Peter Fonda">Peter Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Forrest" title="Frederic Forrest">Frederic Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forster" title="Robert Forster">Robert Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redd_Foxx" title="Redd Foxx">Redd Foxx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gibson" title="Henry Gibson">Henry Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gossett_Jr." title="Louis Gossett Jr.">Louis Gossett Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gould" title="Elliott Gould">Elliott Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Grier" title="Pam Grier">Pam Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv_Griffin" title="Merv Griffin">Merv Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Guillaume" title="Robert Guillaume">Robert Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hagman" title="Larry Hagman">Larry Hagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Harper" title="Valerie Harper">Valerie Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldie_Hawn" title="Goldie Hawn">Goldie Hawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Helmond" title="Katherine Helmond">Katherine Helmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hemsley" title="Sherman Hemsley">Sherman Hemsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Henderson" title="Florence Henderson">Florence Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hogan" title="Paul Hogan">Paul Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Holbrook" title="Hal Holbrook">Hal Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hong" title="James Hong">James Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hopper" title="Dennis Hopper">Dennis Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howard" title="Susan Howard">Susan Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Jackson" title="Kate Jackson">Kate Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Jones" title="Shirley Jones">Shirley Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeline_Kahn" title="Madeline Kahn">Madeline Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Kane" title="Carol Kane">Carol Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Kaplan" title="Gabe Kaplan">Gabe Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Kasem" title="Casey Kasem">Casey Kasem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Kavner" title="Julie Kavner">Julie Kavner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacy_Keach" title="Stacy Keach">Stacy Keach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kellerman" title="Sally Kellerman">Sally Kellerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kennedy" title="George Kennedy">George Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Kidder" title="Margot Kidder">Margot Kidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiel" title="Richard Kiel">Richard Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kirkland" title="Sally Kirkland">Sally Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Klugman" title="Jack Klugman">Jack Klugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Knotts" title="Don Knotts">Don Knotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaphet_Kotto" title="Yaphet Kotto">Yaphet Kotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Ladd" title="Cheryl Ladd">Cheryl Ladd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Landon" title="Michael Landon">Michael Landon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Lawrence" title="Vicki Lawrence">Vicki Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lazenby" title="George Lazenby">George Lazenby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloris_Leachman" title="Cloris Leachman">Cloris Leachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Linden" title="Hal Linden">Hal Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lord" title="Jack Lord">Jack Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_MacLeod" title="Gavin MacLeod">Gavin MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Majors" title="Lee Majors">Lee Majors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Marshall" title="Penny Marshall">Penny Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_McClanahan" title="Rue McClanahan">Rue McClanahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddy_McDowall" title="Roddy McDowall">Roddy McDowall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell" title="Malcolm McDowell">Malcolm McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen" title="Steve McQueen">Steve McQueen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McShane" title="Ian McShane">Ian McShane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Meriwether" title="Lee Meriwether">Lee Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Montalb%C3%A1n" title="Ricardo Montalbán">Ricardo Montalbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore" title="Roger Moore">Roger Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Morgan" title="Harry Morgan">Harry Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Morita" title="Pat Morita">Pat Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Newhart" title="Bob Newhart">Bob Newhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Nielsen" title="Leslie Nielsen">Leslie Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Norris" title="Chuck Norris">Chuck Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_O%27Connor" title="Carroll O'Connor">Carroll O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Neal" title="Ryan O'Neal">Ryan O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_O%27Neill" title="Jennifer O'Neill">Jennifer O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Palance" title="Jack Palance">Jack Palance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Pertwee" title="Jon Pertwee">Jon Pertwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Phillips" title="Mackenzie Phillips">Mackenzie Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Phillips" title="Michelle Phillips">Michelle Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Pleasence" title="Donald Pleasence">Donald Pleasence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Pleshette" title="Suzanne Pleshette">Suzanne Pleshette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Quaid" title="Randy Quaid">Randy Quaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Randall" title="Tony Randall">Tony Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed" title="Robert Reed">Robert Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Reiner" title="Rob Reiner">Rob Reiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Rickles" title="Don Rickles">Don Rickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ritter" title="John Ritter">John Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Roundtree" title="Richard Roundtree">Richard Roundtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Ross" title="Marion Ross">Marion Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Sanford" title="Isabel Sanford">Isabel Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Savage_(actor)" title="John Savage (actor)">John Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telly_Savalas" title="Telly Savalas">Telly Savalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Saxon" title="John Saxon">John Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Seberg" title="Jean Seberg">Jean Seberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Segal" title="George Segal">George Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour_(actress)" title="Jane Seymour (actress)">Jane Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybill_Shepherd" title="Cybill Shepherd">Cybill Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talia_Shire" title="Talia Shire">Talia Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Skerritt" title="Tom Skerritt">Tom Skerritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaclyn_Smith" title="Jaclyn Smith">Jaclyn Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Somers" title="Suzanne Somers">Suzanne Somers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Spinell" title="Joe Spinell">Joe Spinell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stack" title="Robert Stack">Robert Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Stamp" title="Terence Stamp">Terence Stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton" title="Harry Dean Stanton">Harry Dean Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Strasberg" title="Susan Strasberg">Susan Strasberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Stapleton" title="Jean Stapleton">Jean Stapleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Stockwell" title="Dean Stockwell">Dean Stockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Struthers" title="Sally Struthers">Sally Struthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Swit" title="Loretta Swit">Loretta Swit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Sydow" title="Max von Sydow">Max von Sydow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thomas_(actor)" title="Richard Thomas (actor)">Richard Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Torn" title="Rip Torn">Rip Torn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Trintignant" title="Jean-Louis Trintignant">Jean-Louis Trintignant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vaughn" title="Robert Vaughn">Robert Vaughn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Villechaize" title="Hervé Villechaize">Hervé Villechaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Wagner" title="Lindsay Wagner">Lindsay Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wagner" title="Robert Wagner">Robert Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waite" title="Ralph Waite">Ralph Waite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Emmet_Walsh" title="M. Emmet Walsh">M. Emmet Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Warden" title="Jack Warden">Jack Warden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Waterston" title="Sam Waterston">Sam Waterston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Weathers" title="Carl Weathers">Carl Weathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Welch" title="Raquel Welch">Raquel Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Williams" title="Cindy Williams">Cindy Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treat_Williams" title="Treat Williams">Treat Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Williamson" title="Fred Williamson">Fred Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demond_Wilson" title="Demond Wilson">Demond Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Winfield" title="Paul Winfield">Paul Winfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Winkler" title="Henry Winkler">Henry Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Winters" title="Jonathan Winters">Jonathan Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Winters" title="Shelley Winters">Shelley Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_York" title="Michael York">Michael York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Young" title="Burt Young">Burt Young</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 840px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Al Pacino"><img alt="Al Pacino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg/100px-Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg/151px-Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg/200px-Pacino_as_Serpico_in_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sylvester_Stallone_1978_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sylvester Stallone"><img alt="Sylvester Stallone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sylvester_Stallone_1978_%28cropped%29.jpg/86px-Sylvester_Stallone_1978_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sylvester_Stallone_1978_%28cropped%29.jpg/129px-Sylvester_Stallone_1978_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sylvester_Stallone_1978_%28cropped%29.jpg/172px-Sylvester_Stallone_1978_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_De_Niro_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert De Niro"><img alt="Robert De Niro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robert_De_Niro_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Robert_De_Niro_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Robert_De_Niro_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="173" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Travolta_1976_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Travolta"><img alt="John Travolta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/John_Travolta_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg/92px-John_Travolta_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/John_Travolta_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg/138px-John_Travolta_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/John_Travolta_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg/184px-John_Travolta_1976_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_(new).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jack Nicholson"><img alt="Jack Nicholson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_%28new%29.jpg/83px-Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_%28new%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_%28new%29.jpg/125px-Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_%28new%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_%28new%29.jpg/166px-Jack_Nicholson_-_1976_%28new%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmmakers">Filmmakers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Filmmakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Argento" title="Dario Argento">Dario Argento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Clayton" title="Jack Clayton">Jack Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Donner" title="Richard Donner">Richard Donner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleischer" title="Richard Fleischer">Richard Fleischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Andreï Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penn" title="Arthur Penn">Arthur Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobe_Hooper" title="Tobe Hooper">Tobe Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Peckinpah" title="Sam Peckinpah">Sam Peckinpah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonino_Valerii" title="Tonino Valerii">Tonino Valerii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Siegel" title="Don Siegel">Don Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Frederico Fellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Romero" title="George A. Romero">George A. Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Miller (director)">George Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rafelson" title="Bob Rafelson">Bob Rafelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Jodorowsky" title="Alejandro Jodorowsky">Alejandro Jodorowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Van_Peebles" title="Melvin Van Peebles">Melvin Van Peebles</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 965px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sergio Leone"><img alt="Sergio Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg/104px-Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg/156px-Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg/208px-Sergio_Leone_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1154" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francis Ford Coppola"><img alt="Francis Ford Coppola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg/111px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg/167px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg/223px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="1119" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Lucas_1986_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Lucas"><img alt="George Lucas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/106px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/159px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/212px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musicians">Musicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(singer)" title="Bill Anderson (singer)">Bill Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Anderson" title="Lynn Anderson">Lynn Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Anka" title="Paul Anka">Paul Anka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Beck" title="Jeff Beck">Jeff Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bolan" title="Marc Bolan">Marc Bolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Boone" title="Pat Boone">Pat Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Browne" title="Jackson Browne">Jackson Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabo_Bryson" title="Peabo Bryson">Peabo Bryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett" title="Jimmy Buffett">Jimmy Buffett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Burdon" title="Eric Burdon">Eric Burdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">John Cale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cassidy" title="David Cassidy">David Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Chapin" title="Harry Chapin">Harry Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_%26_Cher" title="Sonny & Cher">Sonny & Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Christie" title="Lou Christie">Lou Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Clark" title="Roy Clark">Roy Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cocker" title="Joe Cocker">Joe Cocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allan_Coe" title="David Allan Coe">David Allan Coe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Coolidge" title="Rita Coolidge">Rita Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Croce" title="Jim Croce">Jim Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crosby" title="David Crosby">David Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Daltrey" title="Roger Daltrey">Roger Daltrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Daniels" title="Charlie Daniels">Charlie Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake">Nick Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Duke" title="George Duke">George Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Frampton" title="Peter Frampton">Peter Frampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Ferry" title="Bryan Ferry">Bryan Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Gallagher" title="Rory Gallagher">Rory Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Gayle" title="Crystal Gayle">Crystal Gayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Grant" title="Eddy Grant">Eddy Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_%26_Oates" title="Hall & Oates">Hall & Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hallyday" title="Johnny Hallyday">Johnny Hallyday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanda_Jackson" title="Wanda Jackson">Wanda Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_James" title="Rick James">Rick James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_James" title="Sonny James">Sonny James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jarreau" title="Al Jarreau">Al Jarreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(singer)" title="Tom Jones (singer)">Tom Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_E._King" title="Ben E. King">Ben E. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Loaf" title="Meat Loaf">Meat Loaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Loggins" title="Kenny Loggins">Kenny Loggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mandrell" title="Barbara Mandrell">Barbara Mandrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mayall" title="John Mayall">John Mayall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_McLean" title="Don McLean">Don McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Milsap" title="Ronnie Milsap">Ronnie Milsap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Money" title="Eddie Money">Eddie Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Murray" title="Anne Murray">Anne Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Nash" title="Johnny Nash">Johnny Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nilsson" title="Harry Nilsson">Harry Nilsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nugent" title="Ted Nugent">Ted Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens" title="Buck Owens">Buck Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_O%27Sullivan" title="Gilbert O'Sullivan">Gilbert O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Palmer_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Palmer (singer)">Robert Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Paycheck" title="Johnny Paycheck">Johnny Paycheck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Pickett" title="Wilson Pickett">Wilson Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Price_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Price (musician)">Ray Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Rabbitt" title="Eddie Rabbitt">Eddie Rabbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Rawls" title="Lou Rawls">Lou Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reed" title="Jerry Reed">Jerry Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Reddy" title="Helen Reddy">Helen Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rich" title="Charlie Rich">Charlie Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Richard" title="Cliff Richard">Cliff Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannie_C._Riley" title="Jeannie C. Riley">Jeannie C. Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Robbins" title="Marty Robbins">Marty Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Russell" title="Leon Russell">Leon Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Sayer" title="Leo Sayer">Leo Sayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannie_Seely" title="Jeannie Seely">Jeannie Seely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Sedaka" title="Neil Sedaka">Neil Sedaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Seger" title="Bob Seger">Bob Seger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Sinatra" title="Nancy Sinatra">Nancy Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Smith" title="Connie Smith">Connie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusty_Springfield" title="Dusty Springfield">Dusty Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Springfield" title="Rick Springfield">Rick Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_%26_Tennille" title="Captain & Tennille">Captain & Tennille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Tillis" title="Mel Tillis">Mel Tillis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tosh" title="Peter Tosh">Peter Tosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Twitty" title="Conway Twitty">Conway Twitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Vandross" title="Luther Vandross">Luther Vandross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Wagoner" title="Porter Wagoner">Porter Wagoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dottie_West" title="Dottie West">Dottie West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_White" title="Barry White">Barry White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Withers" title="Bill Withers">Bill Withers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Williams" title="Andy Williams">Andy Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Williams" title="Don Williams">Don Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Winter" title="Johnny Winter">Johnny Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Womack" title="Bobby Womack">Bobby Womack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Wright" title="Gary Wright">Gary Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faron_Young" title="Faron Young">Faron Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bolan" title="Marc Bolan">Marc Bolan</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 965px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stevie Wonder, 1973"><img alt="Stevie Wonder, 1973" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG/139px-Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG/209px-Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG/279px-Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, 1973</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marvin_Gaye_(1973_publicity_photo).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marvin Gaye, 1973"><img alt="Marvin Gaye, 1973" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Marvin_Gaye_%281973_publicity_photo%29.jpg/139px-Marvin_Gaye_%281973_publicity_photo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Marvin_Gaye_%281973_publicity_photo%29.jpg/208px-Marvin_Gaye_%281973_publicity_photo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Marvin_Gaye_%281973_publicity_photo%29.jpg/277px-Marvin_Gaye_%281973_publicity_photo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>, 1973</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png" class="mw-file-description" title="David Bowie, 1975"><img alt="David Bowie, 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png/150px-David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png/225px-David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png/300px-David_Bowie_-_TopPop_1974_08.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, 1975</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Elton John, 1975"><img alt="Elton John, 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG/125px-Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG/188px-Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG/251px-Elton_john_cher_show_1975.JPG 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, 1975</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patti_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patti Smith, 1978"><img alt="Patti Smith, 1978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Patti_Smith.jpg/107px-Patti_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Patti_Smith.jpg/160px-Patti_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Patti_Smith.jpg/213px-Patti_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a>, 1978</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bands">Bands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Bands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_(band)" title="America (band)">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_B-52%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="The B-52's">The B-52's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City_Rollers" title="Bay City Rollers">Bay City Rollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bellamy_Brothers" title="The Bellamy Brothers">The Bellamy Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondie_(band)" title="Blondie (band)">Blondie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult" title="Blue Öyster Cult">Blue Öyster Cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_(band)" title="Boston (band)">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_(band)" title="Bread (band)">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cars" title="The Cars">The Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodores" title="Commodores">Commodores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creedence_Clearwater_Revival" title="Creedence Clearwater Revival">Creedence Clearwater Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Stills,_Nash_%26_Young" title="Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young">Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doobie_Brothers" title="The Doobie Brothers">The Doobie Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Hook_%26_the_Medicine_Show" title="Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show">Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Light_Orchestra" title="Electric Light Orchestra">Electric Light Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson,_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreigner_(band)" title="Foreigner (band)">Foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_(band)" title="Heart (band)">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollies" title="The Hollies">The Hollies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jackson_5" title="The Jackson 5">The Jackson 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jam" title="The Jam">The Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Starship" title="Jefferson Starship">Jefferson Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(band)" title="Jethro Tull (band)">Jethro Tull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_(band)" title="Journey (band)">Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_(band)" title="Kansas (band)">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kinks" title="The Kinks">The Kinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips" title="Gladys Knight & the Pips">Gladys Knight & the Pips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kool_%26_the_Gang" title="Kool & the Gang">Kool & the Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Crimson" title="King Crimson">King Crimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynyrd_Skynyrd" title="Lynyrd Skynyrd">Lynyrd Skynyrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marshall_Tucker_Band" title="The Marshall Tucker Band">The Marshall Tucker Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney_and_Wings" title="Paul McCartney and Wings">Paul McCartney and Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFSB" title="MFSB">MFSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oak_Ridge_Boys" title="The Oak Ridge Boys">The Oak Ridge Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Plastic Ono Band">Plastic Ono Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Osmonds" title="The Osmonds">The Osmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alan_Parsons_Project" title="The Alan Parsons Project">The Alan Parsons Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Orlando_and_Dawn" title="Tony Orlando and Dawn">Tony Orlando and Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Police" title="The Police">The Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(rock_band)" title="Rainbow (rock band)">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Rex_(band)" title="T. Rex (band)">T. Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tubes" title="The Tubes">The Tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_(band)" title="Rush (band)">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seals_%26_Crofts" class="mw-redirect" title="Seals & Crofts">Seals & Crofts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_and_the_Family_Stone" title="Sly and the Family Stone">Sly and the Family Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Statler_Brothers" title="The Statler Brothers">The Statler Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Miller_Band" title="Steve Miller Band">Steve Miller Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(band)" title="Styx (band)">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supertramp" title="Supertramp">Supertramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_Lizzy" title="Thin Lizzy">Thin Lizzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Halen" title="Van Halen">Van Halen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_People" title="Village People">Village People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walker_Brothers" title="The Walker Brothers">The Walker Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZZ_Top" title="ZZ Top">ZZ Top</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1015px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, 1970"><img alt="Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, 1970" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG/160px-Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG/240px-Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG/320px-Crosby_Stills_Nash_and_Young_1970.JPG 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Stills,_Nash_%26_Young" title="Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young">Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young</a>, 1970</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolling_Stones_23_July,_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Rolling Stones, 1975"><img alt="The Rolling Stones, 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rolling_Stones_23_July%2C_1975.jpg/160px-Rolling_Stones_23_July%2C_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rolling_Stones_23_July%2C_1975.jpg/240px-Rolling_Stones_23_July%2C_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rolling_Stones_23_July%2C_1975.jpg/320px-Rolling_Stones_23_July%2C_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, 1975</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramones, 1976"><img alt="Ramones, 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg/160px-Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg/240px-Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg/320px-Ramones_Toronto_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a>, 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiss_(live_in_1979).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kiss, 1979"><img alt="Kiss, 1979" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Kiss_%28live_in_1979%29.png/160px-Kiss_%28live_in_1979%29.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Kiss_%28live_in_1979%29.png/240px-Kiss_%28live_in_1979%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Kiss_%28live_in_1979%29.png/320px-Kiss_%28live_in_1979%29.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a>, 1979</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AC/DC, 1979"><img alt="AC/DC, 1979" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg/126px-ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg/190px-ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg/253px-ACDC-Hughes-long_ago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a>, 1979</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writers">Writers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benchley" title="Peter Benchley">Peter Benchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Blume" title="Judy Blume">Judy Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Brink" title="André Brink">André Brink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Collins" title="Jackie Collins">Jackie Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Davies" title="Robertson Davies">Robertson Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dickey" title="James Dickey">James Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Doctorow" title="E. L. Doctorow">E. L. Doctorow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriana_Fallaci" title="Oriana Fallaci">Oriana Fallaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Follett" title="Ken Follett">Ken Follett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Forsyth" title="Frederick Forsyth">Frederick Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fowles" title="John Fowles">John Fowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Hibbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor Hibbert">Eleanor Hibbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Higgins" title="Jack Higgins">Jack Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._D._James" title="P. D. James">P. D. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kapu%C5%9Bci%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kapuściński">Ryszard Kapuściński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ludlum" title="Robert Ludlum">Robert Ludlum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Murdoch" title="Iris Murdoch">Iris Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Puzo" title="Mario Puzo">Mario Puzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rendell" title="Ruth Rendell">Ruth Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Robbins" title="Harold Robbins">Harold Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Segal" title="Erich Segal">Erich Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Dr. Seuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Shaw" title="Irwin Shaw">Irwin Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sheldon" title="Sidney Sheldon">Sidney Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_%C5%A0kvoreck%C3%BD" title="Josef Škvorecký">Josef Škvorecký</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Susann" title="Jacqueline Susann">Jacqueline Susann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toni_Morrison_(The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toni Morrison, 1970"><img alt="Toni Morrison, 1970" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Toni_Morrison_%28The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait%29.jpg/109px-Toni_Morrison_%28The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Toni_Morrison_%28The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait%29.jpg/163px-Toni_Morrison_%28The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Toni_Morrison_%28The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait%29.jpg/217px-Toni_Morrison_%28The_Bluest_Eye_author_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a>, 1970</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunter_S._Thompson,_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hunter S. Thompson, 1971"><img alt="Hunter S. Thompson, 1971" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hunter_S._Thompson%2C_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg/141px-Hunter_S._Thompson%2C_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hunter_S._Thompson%2C_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg/212px-Hunter_S._Thompson%2C_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hunter_S._Thompson%2C_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg/282px-Hunter_S._Thompson%2C_Las_Vegas_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a>, 1971</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurt Vonnegut, 1972"><img alt="Kurt Vonnegut, 1972" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg/108px-Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg/162px-Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg/216px-Kurt_Vonnegut_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a>, 1972 </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_figures">Sports figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Sports figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_the_Giant" title="André the Giant">André the Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Agostini" title="Giacomo Agostini">Giacomo Agostini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Alberto_Torres" title="Carlos Alberto Torres">Carlos Alberto Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Allison" title="Bobby Allison">Bobby Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Andrianov" title="Nikolai Andrianov">Nikolai Andrianov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Archibald" title="Nate Archibald">Nate Archibald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Avilov" title="Mykola Avilov">Mykola Avilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Banks" title="Gordon Banks">Gordon Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barry" title="Rick Barry">Rick Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Babashoff" title="Shirley Babashoff">Shirley Babashoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Beckenbauer" title="Franz Beckenbauer">Franz Beckenbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bench" title="Johnny Bench">Johnny Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Belov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Belov">Sergey Belov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Best" title="George Best">George Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bing" title="Dave Bing">Dave Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Borg" title="Björn Borg">Björn Borg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Borzov" title="Valeriy Borzov">Valeriy Borzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Bradshaw" title="Terry Bradshaw">Terry Bradshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Brock" title="Lou Brock">Lou Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_B%C3%BCttner-Janz" title="Karin Büttner-Janz">Karin Büttner-Janz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Charlton" title="Bobby Charlton">Bobby Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Charlton" title="Jack Charlton">Jack Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilt_Chamberlain" title="Wilt Chamberlain">Wilt Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Clarke" title="Bobby Clarke">Bobby Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente" title="Roberto Clemente">Roberto Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" title="Nadia Comăneci">Nadia Comăneci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Connors" title="Jimmy Connors">Jimmy Connors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasely_Crawford" title="Hasely Crawford">Hasely Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Cunningham" title="Billy Cunningham">Billy Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Cowens" title="Dave Cowens">Dave Cowens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Cruyff" title="Johan Cruyff">Johan Cruyff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Csonka" title="Larry Csonka">Larry Csonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish" title="Kenny Dalglish">Kenny Dalglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_DeBusschere" title="Dave DeBusschere">Dave DeBusschere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio" title="Eusébio">Eusébio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Emerson" title="Roy Emerson">Roy Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Erving" title="Julius Erving">Julius Erving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Esposito" title="Phil Esposito">Phil Esposito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evert" title="Chris Evert">Chris Evert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Fisk" title="Carlton Fisk">Carlton Fisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Fittipaldi" title="Emerson Fittipaldi">Emerson Fittipaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Flair" title="Ric Flair">Ric Flair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Foreman" title="George Foreman">George Foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Frazier" title="Joe Frazier">Joe Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Frazier" title="Walt Frazier">Walt Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Gentile" title="Claudio Gentile">Claudio Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gervin" title="George Gervin">George Gervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">Bob Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artis_Gilmore" title="Artis Gilmore">Artis Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evonne_Goolagong_Cawley" title="Evonne Goolagong Cawley">Evonne Goolagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Goodrich" title="Gail Goodrich">Gail Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hamill" title="Dorothy Hamill">Dorothy Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Havlicek" title="John Havlicek">John Havlicek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Hawkins" title="Connie Hawkins">Connie Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hayes" title="Bob Hayes">Bob Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvin_Hayes" title="Elvin Hayes">Elvin Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Haywood" title="Spencer Haywood">Spencer Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottmar_Hitzfeld" title="Ottmar Hitzfeld">Ottmar Hitzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uli_Hoene%C3%9F" title="Uli Hoeneß">Uli Hoeneß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Holmes" title="Larry Holmes">Larry Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hunt" title="James Hunt">James Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Hulme" title="Denny Hulme">Denny Hulme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacky_Ickx" title="Jacky Ickx">Jacky Ickx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Inoki" title="Antonio Inoki">Antonio Inoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Issel" title="Dan Issel">Dan Issel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">Reggie Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairzinho" title="Jairzinho">Jairzinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caitlyn_Jenner" title="Caitlyn Jenner">Caitlyn Jenner</a> (then known as Bruce Jenner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Juantorena" title="Alberto Juantorena">Alberto Juantorena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawao_Kat%C5%8D" title="Sawao Katō">Sawao Katō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Keegan" title="Kevin Keegan">Kevin Keegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchoge_Keino" title="Kipchoge Keino">Kipchoge Keino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Kempes" title="Mario Kempes">Mario Kempes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eizo_Kenmotsu" title="Eizo Kenmotsu">Eizo Kenmotsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Korbut" title="Olga Korbut">Olga Korbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Lafleur" title="Guy Lafleur">Guy Lafleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Lauda" title="Niki Lauda">Niki Lauda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Laver" title="Rod Laver">Rod Laver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Malone" title="Moses Malone">Moses Malone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Maravich" title="Pete Maravich">Pete Maravich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Matthes" title="Roland Matthes">Roland Matthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McAdoo" title="Bob McAdoo">Bob McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_McCovey" title="Willie McCovey">Willie McCovey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEnroe" title="John McEnroe">John McEnroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Meneghin" title="Dino Meneghin">Dino Meneghin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Mennea" title="Pietro Mennea">Pietro Mennea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Monroe" title="Earl Monroe">Earl Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Morales" title="Pedro Morales">Pedro Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Morgan" title="Joe Morgan">Joe Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Moses" title="Edwin Moses">Edwin Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_M%C3%BCller" title="Gerd Müller">Gerd Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Murphy" title="Calvin Murphy">Calvin Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Naber" title="John Naber">John Naber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akinori_Nakayama" title="Akinori Nakayama">Akinori Nakayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Neeskens" title="Johan Neeskens">Johan Neeskens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Nieto" title="Ángel Nieto">Ángel Nieto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Norris" title="Chuck Norris">Chuck Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Norton" title="Ken Norton">Ken Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Okker" title="Tom Okker">Tom Okker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Orr" title="Bobby Orr">Bobby Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Overath" title="Wolfgang Overath">Wolfgang Overath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Palmer" title="Jim Palmer">Jim Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Parent" title="Bernie Parent">Bernie Parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Patterson_(wrestler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Patterson (wrestler)">Pat Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Payton" title="Walter Payton">Walter Payton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearson_(racing_driver)" title="David Pearson (racing driver)">David Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Tony Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Peterson" title="Ronnie Peterson">Ronnie Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Petty" title="Richard Petty">Richard Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddy_Piper" title="Roddy Piper">Roddy Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Moser-Pr%C3%B6ll" title="Annemarie Moser-Pröll">Annemarie Moser-Pröll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Race" title="Harley Race">Harley Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Reed" title="Willis Reed">Willis Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Regazzoni" title="Clay Regazzoni">Clay Regazzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Reutemann" title="Carlos Reutemann">Carlos Reutemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusty_Rhodes" title="Dusty Rhodes">Dusty Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivellino" title="Rivellino">Rivellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Roberts" title="Kenny Roberts">Kenny Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Robertson" title="Oscar Robertson">Oscar Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robinson" title="Frank Robinson">Frank Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Robinson" title="Larry Robinson">Larry Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Rose" title="Pete Rose">Pete Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Rosewall" title="Ken Rosewall">Ken Rosewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Nolan Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rje_Salming" title="Börje Salming">Börje Salming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Sammartino" title="Bruno Sammartino">Bruno Sammartino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Saneyev" title="Viktor Saneyev">Viktor Saneyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Savage" title="Randy Savage">Randy Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Scheckter" title="Jody Scheckter">Jody Scheckter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schmidt" title="Mike Schmidt">Mike Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Tom Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnie_Shavers" title="Earnie Shavers">Earnie Shavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._J._Simpson" title="O. J. Simpson">O. J. Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Smith" title="Stan Smith">Stan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3crates" title="Sócrates">Sócrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Spinks" title="Leon Spinks">Leon Spinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spitz" title="Mark Spitz">Mark Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Stabler" title="Ken Stabler">Ken Stabler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Stargell" title="Willie Stargell">Willie Stargell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Staubach" title="Roger Staubach">Roger Staubach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Stewart" title="Jackie Stewart">Jackie Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_John_Studd" title="Big John Studd">Big John Studd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Thurmond" title="Nate Thurmond">Nate Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludmilla_Tourischeva" title="Ludmilla Tourischeva">Ludmilla Tourischeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuo_Tsukahara" title="Mitsuo Tsukahara">Mitsuo Tsukahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Unseld" title="Wes Unseld">Wes Unseld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Vilas" title="Guillermo Vilas">Guillermo Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasse_Vir%C3%A9n" title="Lasse Virén">Lasse Virén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Villeneuve" title="Gilles Villeneuve">Gilles Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berti_Vogts" title="Berti Vogts">Berti Vogts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Walton" title="Bill Walton">Bill Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Wenger" title="Arsène Wenger">Arsène Wenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_West" title="Jerry West">Jerry West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Westphal" title="Paul Westphal">Paul Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jo_White" title="Jo Jo White">Jo Jo White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Wilkes" title="Jamaal Wilkes">Jamaal Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Wilkens" title="Lenny Wilkens">Lenny Wilkens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Wilkins" title="Mac Wilkins">Mac Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Winfield" title="Dave Winfield">Dave Winfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cale_Yarborough" title="Cale Yarborough">Cale Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Carl Yastrzemski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Zoff" title="Dino Zoff">Dino Zoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zico_(footballer)" title="Zico (footballer)">Zico</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 812px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, 1974"><img alt="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, 1974" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg/118px-Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg" decoding="async" width="118" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg/176px-Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg/235px-Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar_1974.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="1815" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a>, 1974</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nadia Comăneci, 1976"><img alt="Nadia Comăneci, 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg/155px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg/232px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg/309px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" title="Nadia Comăneci">Nadia Comăneci</a>, 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billie Jean King, 1978"><img alt="Billie Jean King, 1978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg/106px-Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg/160px-Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg/213px-Billie_Jean_King_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a>, 1978</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Beckenbauer_(1975).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Franz Beckenbauer, 1975"><img alt="Franz Beckenbauer, 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Franz_Beckenbauer_%281975%29.jpg/117px-Franz_Beckenbauer_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Franz_Beckenbauer_%281975%29.jpg/175px-Franz_Beckenbauer_%281975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Franz_Beckenbauer_%281975%29.jpg/234px-Franz_Beckenbauer_%281975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="967" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Beckenbauer" title="Franz Beckenbauer">Franz Beckenbauer</a>, 1975</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Smiley_Face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/28px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/42px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/56px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1970s" title="Portal:1970s">1970s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">List of decades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_music" title="1970s in music">1970s in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_fashion" title="1970s in fashion">1970s in fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_television" title="1970s in television">1970s in television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_literature#1970s" title="List of years in literature">1970s in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">Baby Boomers</a> (the younger members of the first half of the Post-WW II Generation reached adulthood in the early years of the decade).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Jones" title="Generation Jones">Generation Jones</a> (the second half of the Boomer generation came of age in this decade).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade: </p><p><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> • <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> • <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> • <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> • <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> • <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> • <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> • <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> • <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> • <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard Brick, "Review", <i>American Historical Review</i> (2012) 117#5 p 1537</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarglinSchor1992" class="citation journal cs1">Marglin, Stephen A.; Schor, Juliet B. (1992). Marglin, Stephen A.; Schor, Juliet B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=terms.naver.com&rft.atitle=10%C2%B726%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.nhn%3Fcid%3D42958%26docId%3D920431%26categoryId%3D42958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-assassination-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-assassination_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Newton2014" class="citation book cs1">Michael Newton (17 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F4-dAwAAQBAJ"><i>Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692861" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692861"><bdi>9781610692861</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Assassinations+in+World+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.isbn=9781610692861&rft.au=Michael+Newton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF4-dAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_292-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_292_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_292_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292"><i>How We Got Here: The '70s</i></a></span>. New York: Basic Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292">292–293</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7"><bdi>0-465-04195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=292-293&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inflationdata.com/articles/inflation-cpi-consumer-price-index-1970-1979/">"Inflation and CPI Consumer Price Index 1970–1979"</a>. <i>InflationData.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InflationData.com&rft.atitle=Inflation+and+CPI+Consumer+Price+Index+1970%E2%80%931979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finflationdata.com%2Farticles%2Finflation-cpi-consumer-price-index-1970-1979%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inflationdata.com/articles/misery-index/">"Misery Index"</a>. <i>InflationData.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InflationData.com&rft.atitle=Misery+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finflationdata.com%2Farticles%2Fmisery-index%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060921092951/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060920-lucy.html">"What Was "Lucy"? Fast Facts on an Early Human Ancestor"</a>. National Geographic News. September 20, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060920-lucy.html">the original</a> on September 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Was+%22Lucy%22%3F+Fast+Facts+on+an+Early+Human+Ancestor&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F09%2F060920-lucy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinckleyRobinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Hinckley, James; Robinson, Jon G. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vziU_ZfY-0cC&pg=PA8"><i>The Big Book of Car Culture: The Armchair Guide to Automotive Americana</i></a>. MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1965-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1965-9"><bdi>978-0-7603-1965-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Book+of+Car+Culture%3A+The+Armchair+Guide+to+Automotive+Americana&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=MotorBooks%2FMBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-1965-9&rft.aulast=Hinckley&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Jon+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvziU_ZfY-0cC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1999" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Michael W. R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UgvoFKJkqMIC&pg=PA100"><i>General Motors: A Photographic History</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing SC. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-0019-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-0019-5"><bdi>978-0-7385-0019-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Motors%3A+A+Photographic+History&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing+SC&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-0019-5&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUgvoFKJkqMIC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hine-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hine_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hine_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hine_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hine_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHine2009" class="citation book cs1">Hine, Thomas (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2N1oXcm-oqkC&pg=PA41"><i>The Great Funk: Styles of the Shaggy, Sexy, Shameless 1970s</i></a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-53167-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-53167-6"><bdi>978-0-374-53167-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Funk%3A+Styles+of+the+Shaggy%2C+Sexy%2C+Shameless+1970s&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-374-53167-6&rft.aulast=Hine&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2N1oXcm-oqkC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popmech-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popmech_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2012" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Ben (10 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/g922/performance-pretenders-10-malaise-era-muscle-cars/">"Performance Pretenders: 10 Malaise-Era Muscle Cars"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Performance+Pretenders%3A+10+Malaise-Era+Muscle+Cars&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fcars%2Fg922%2Fperformance-pretenders-10-malaise-era-muscle-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1995" class="citation book cs1">Baxter, Mike (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2j6R1nMBL20C&pg=PA53"><i>Product Design: A Practical Guide to Systematic Methods of New Product Development</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-4197-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7487-4197-7"><bdi>978-0-7487-4197-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Product+Design%3A+A+Practical+Guide+to+Systematic+Methods+of+New+Product+Development&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7487-4197-7&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2j6R1nMBL20C%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toyota-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toyota_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Toyota Today Magazine – 60 Years of Toyota in America <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.toyotatoday.com/news/60-years-toyota-in-america.htm">https://www.toyotatoday.com/news/60-years-toyota-in-america.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412181211/https://www.toyotatoday.com/news/60-years-toyota-in-america.htm">Archived</a> 2021-04-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosten1975" class="citation book cs1">Rosten, Leo, ed. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1093360"><i>Religions of America: Ferment and Faith in an Age of Crisis: A New Guide and Almanac</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 472. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-21970-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-21970-7"><bdi>0-671-21970-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1093360">1093360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+of+America%3A+Ferment+and+Faith+in+an+Age+of+Crisis%3A+A+New+Guide+and+Almanac&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1093360&rft.isbn=0-671-21970-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1093360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagelowPagelow1984" class="citation book cs1">Pagelow, Mildred Daley; Pagelow, Lloyd W. 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ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275916237" title="Special:BookSources/9780275916237"><bdi>9780275916237</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+Violence&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1984-09-18&rft.isbn=9780275916237&rft.aulast=Pagelow&rft.aufirst=Mildred+Daley&rft.au=Pagelow%2C+Lloyd+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVPPapvrJsTcC%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaville2014" class="citation web cs1">Laville, Sandra (August 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/aug/03/domestic-violence-refuge-crisis-women-closure-safe-houses">"Domestic violence refuge provision at crisis point, warn charities"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Domestic+violence+refuge+provision+at+crisis+point%2C+warn+charities&rft.date=2014-08-03&rft.aulast=Laville&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2014%2Faug%2F03%2Fdomestic-violence-refuge-crisis-women-closure-safe-houses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijk1988" class="citation journal cs1">Dijk, Denise (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23918114">"The Goddess Movement in the U.S.A. A Religion for Women Only"</a>. <i>Archiv für Religionspsychologie / Archive for the Psychology of Religion</i>. <b>18</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a>: 258–266. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157361288X00144">10.1163/157361288X00144</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23918114">23918114</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:178261133">178261133</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FPA+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Freestyle+Players+Hall+of+Fame+Pioneer+Class&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freestyledisc.org%2Fhall-of-fame%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freestyledisc.org/freestyle-history/#chapter2">"History of Frisbee and Flying Disc freestyle"</a>. <i>Formative Years Frisbee Sports</i>. 2017-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Formative+Years+Frisbee+Sports&rft.atitle=History+of+Frisbee+and+Flying+Disc+freestyle&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freestyledisc.org%2Ffreestyle-history%2F%23chapter2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wfdf.org/">"World Flying Disc Federation"</a>. <i>WFDF Official Website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WFDF+Official+Website&rft.atitle=World+Flying+Disc+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwfdf.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wfdf.org/history-stats/history-of-flying-disc">"World Flying Disc Federation"</a>. <i>History of the Flying Disc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+the+Flying+Disc&rft.atitle=World+Flying+Disc+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwfdf.org%2Fhistory-stats%2Fhistory-of-flying-disc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collectorsweekly-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collectorsweekly_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collectorsweekly_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectorsweekly.com/1970s">"Time Machine > 1970s". <i>Collectors Weekly</i>, undated</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125052738/http://www.collectorsweekly.com/1970s">Archived</a> 2010-01-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved on 2009-01-06.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Borstelmann, Thomas. <i>The 1970s: A New Global History From Civil Rights to Economic Inequality</i> (Princeton University Press; 2012) 401 pages; looks at new right movements, and the global impact of economic deregulation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/The-1970s-Economic-Inequality-ebook/dp/B005KLQYKE/">excerpt</a>; also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.php?id=43066">online review</a></li> <li>Ferguson, Niall, and Charles S. Maier, eds. <i>The Shock of the Global: The 1970s in Perspective</i> (2011) essays by leading scholars; 448 pp</li> <li>La Barca, Giuseppe. <i>International Trade in the 1970s: The U.S., the EC, and the Growing Pressure of Protectionism</i> (London: Bloomsbury, 2013) 224 pp.</li> <li>Padva, Gilad. Sexing the Past: Communal Exposure and Self-Examination in <i>Gay Sex in the 70s</i>. In Padva, Gilad, <i>Queer Nostalgia in Cinema and Pop Culture</i>, pp. 58–71 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-26633-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-26633-0">978-1-137-26633-0</a>).</li> <li>Wheen, Francis. <i>Strange Days Indeed: The 1970s: The Golden Days of Paranoia</i> (2010) 352pp; looks at general irrationalism (such as UFOs, psychic phenomena, mad cults), and terror (IRA bombings; Black September massacre at the Munich Olympics; Baader-Meinhof Gang in Germany; Symbionese Liberation Army.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_3">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Berkowitz, Edward D. <i>Something Happened: A Political and Cultural Overview of the Seventies</i> (Columbia University Press, 2006). 283 pp., liberal perspective</li> <li>Carroll, Peter. <i>It Seemed Like Nothing Happened: The Tragedy and Promise of America in the 1970s</i> (1982)</li> <li>Cowie, Jefferson R. <i>Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class</i> (2010) excerpt, on U.S.</li> <li>Frum, David. <i>How We Got Here: The 70s</i> (2000), conservative perspective <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/How-We-Got-Here-ebook/dp/B0047CQ31M/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Haberman, Clyde, ed. <i>The New York Times: The Times of the Seventies The Culture, Politics, and Personalities that Shaped the Decade</i> (2013)</li> <li>Kalman, Laura. <i>Right Star Rising: A New Politics, 1974–1980</i> (2010) 473pp; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Right-Star-Rising-Politics-1974-1980/dp/0393076385/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Lehman, Katherine J. <i> Those Girls: Single Women in Sixties and Seventies Popular Culture</i> (University Press of Kansas, 2011). 280 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=37968">online review</a></li> <li>Sandbrook, Dominic. <i>Mad as Hell: The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of the Populist Right</i> (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Mad-Hell-Crisis-1970s-Populist/dp/1400077249/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Schulman, Bruce. <i>The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics</i> (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/The-Seventies-American-Culture-Politics/dp/030681126X/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Stein, Judith. <i>Pivotal Decade: How the United States Traded Factories for Finance in the Seventies</i> (2010) 384pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Pivotal-Decade-Factories-Finance-Seventies/dp/030011818X/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharalampous1971" class="citation journal cs1">Charalampous, K. D. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1529877">"Drug culture in the seventies"</a>. <i>American Journal of Public Health</i>. <b>61</b> (6): 1225–1228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2Fajph.61.6.1225">10.2105/ajph.61.6.1225</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1529877">1529877</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5161018">5161018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Drug+culture+in+the+seventies&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1225-1228&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1529877%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5161018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2Fajph.61.6.1225&rft.aulast=Charalampous&rft.aufirst=K.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1529877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1970s" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britain">Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beckett, Andy. <i>When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies</i> (2009) 576pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/When-Lights-Went-Out-Seventies/dp/057122136X/">excerpt and textsearch</a></li> <li>Booker, Christopher. <i>The Seventies: The Decade That Changed the Future</i> (1980)</li> <li>Sandbrook, Dominic. <i>State of Emergency: The Way We Were: Britain 1970–1974</i> (2010)</li> <li>Sandbrook, Dominic. <i>Mad As Hell: The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of the Populist Right</i> (2011)</li> <li>Sandbrook, Dominic. <i>Seasons in the Sun: The Battle for Britain, 1974–1979</i> (2012)</li> <li>Turner, Alwyn W. <i>Crisis? What Crisis?: Britain in the 1970s</i> (2009) 336pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Crisis-What-Britain-1970s/dp/1845134257/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Wybrow, Robert J. <i>Britain Speaks Out, 1937–87: A social history as seen through the Gallup data</i> (1989)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970s&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1979" title="January 1979">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1979" title="February 1979">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1979" title="March 1979">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1979" title="April 1979">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1979" title="May 1979">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1979" title="June 1979">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1979" title="July 1979">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1979" title="August 1979">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1979" title="September 1979">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1979" title="October 1979">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1979" title="November 1979">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1979" title="December 1979">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1978" title="January 1978">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1978" title="February 1978">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1978" title="March 1978">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1978" title="April 1978">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1978" title="May 1978">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1978" title="June 1978">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1978" title="July 1978">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1978" title="August 1978">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1978" title="September 1978">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1978" title="October 1978">Oct</a></li> <li><a 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title="October 1977">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1977" title="November 1977">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1977" title="December 1977">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1976" title="January 1976">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1976" title="February 1976">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1976" title="March 1976">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1976" title="April 1976">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1976" title="May 1976">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976" title="June 1976">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1976" title="July 1976">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1976" title="August 1976">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1976" title="September 1976">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1976" title="October 1976">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1976" title="November 1976">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1976" title="December 1976">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1975" title="January 1975">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1975" title="February 1975">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1975" title="March 1975">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1975" title="April 1975">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1975" title="May 1975">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1975" title="June 1975">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1975" title="July 1975">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1975" title="August 1975">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1975" title="September 1975">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1975" title="October 1975">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1975" title="November 1975">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1975" title="December 1975">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1974" title="January 1974">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974" title="February 1974">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1974" title="March 1974">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1974" title="April 1974">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1974" title="May 1974">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1974" title="June 1974">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1974" title="July 1974">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1974" title="August 1974">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1974" title="September 1974">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974" title="October 1974">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1974" title="November 1974">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1974" title="December 1974">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1973" title="January 1973">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1973" title="February 1973">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1973" title="March 1973">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1973" title="April 1973">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1973" title="May 1973">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1973" title="June 1973">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1973" title="July 1973">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1973" title="August 1973">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1973" title="September 1973">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1973" title="October 1973">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1973" title="November 1973">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1973" title="December 1973">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1972" title="January 1972">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1972" title="February 1972">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1972" title="March 1972">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1972" title="April 1972">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1972" title="May 1972">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1972" title="June 1972">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1972" title="July 1972">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1972" title="August 1972">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1972" title="September 1972">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1972" title="October 1972">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1972" title="November 1972">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1972" title="December 1972">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1971" title="January 1971">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1971" title="February 1971">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1971" title="March 1971">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1971" title="April 1971">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1971" title="May 1971">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1971" title="June 1971">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1971" title="July 1971">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1971" title="August 1971">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1971" title="September 1971">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1971" title="October 1971">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1971" title="November 1971">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1971" title="December 1971">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1970" title="January 1970">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1970" title="February 1970">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1970" title="March 1970">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1970" title="April 1970">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1970" title="May 1970">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1970" title="June 1970">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1970" title="July 1970">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1970" title="August 1970">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1970" title="September 1970">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1970" title="October 1970">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1970" title="November 1970">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1970" title="December 1970">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_20th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:20th_century" title="Template:20th century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:20th_century" title="Template talk:20th century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:20th_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:20th century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_20th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the 20th century</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Key_events_of_the_20th_century" title="Key events of the 20th century">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_20th_century" title="Timeline of the 20th century">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_art" title="20th-century art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_20th_century" title="Christianity in the 20th century">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century_in_literature" title="20th century in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_music" title="20th-century music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th-century philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century_in_science" title="20th century in science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_science_and_technology" title="1970s in science and technology">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_science_and_technology" title="1980s in science and technology">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_science_and_technology" title="1990s in science and technology">1990s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth-century_theatre" title="Twentieth-century theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>State leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1901%E2%80%931950)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)">1901–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1951%E2%80%932000)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)">1951–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 20th-century earthquakes">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_lunar_eclipses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 20th-century lunar eclipses">Lunar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots#20th_century" title="List of riots">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_eclipses_in_the_20th_century" title="List of solar eclipses in the 20th century">Solar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions_of_the_20th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="List of large volcanic eruptions of the 20th century">Volcanic eruptions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:20th_century" title="Category:20th century">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35014#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35014#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35014#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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