CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Margaret Thatcher - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"940e31b6-f556-4553-938a-cddd2ae9b323","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Margaret_Thatcher","wgTitle":"Margaret Thatcher","wgCurRevisionId":1259934829,"wgRevisionId":1259934829,"wgArticleId":19831,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use dmy dates from May 2024","Use British English from July 2024","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Articles with hAudio microformats","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images", "All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from October 2024","Pages with timeline metadata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter","Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with Internet Archive links","Articles with LibriVox links","People appearing on C-SPAN","Guardian topic template using Wikidata","National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata","Margaret Thatcher","1925 births","2013 deaths","20th-century Anglicans","20th-century British chemists","20th-century British women scientists","20th-century English lawyers","20th-century English memoirists","20th-century English women lawyers","20th-century English women writers","20th-century Methodists","20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom","20th-century women prime ministers", "21st-century Anglicans","21st-century English women writers","Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford","British anti-communists","British people of the Falklands War","British Secretaries of State for Education","British women memoirists","Chancellors of the College of William \u0026 Mary","Conservative Party (UK) life peers","Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies","Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom","Converts to Anglicanism from Methodism","Dames of Justice of the Order of St John","Deaths from bladder cancer in the United Kingdom","Deaths from cancer in England","Deaths from dementia in England","English Anglicans","English autobiographers","English barristers","English chemists","English Methodists","English non-fiction writers","English people of Irish descent","English women chemists","Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford","Fellows of the Royal Institute of Chemistry","Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12)","Female critics of feminism", "Female fellows of the Royal Society","Female heads of government in the United Kingdom","Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom","Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies","The Heritage Foundation","Ladies Companion of the Garter","Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)","Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)","Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II","Members of the Order of Merit","Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom","Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964","National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children people","People associated with the University of Buckingham","People educated at Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School","People from Grantham","People of the Cold War","Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients","Presidents of the European Council","Presidents of the Oxford University Conservative Association","Recipients of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award", "Right-wing politics in the United Kingdom","Survivors of terrorist attacks","UK MPs 1959–1964","UK MPs 1964–1966","UK MPs 1966–1970","UK MPs 1970–1974","UK MPs 1974","UK MPs 1974–1979","UK MPs 1979–1983","UK MPs 1983–1987","UK MPs 1987–1992","Wesleyan Methodists","Wives of baronets","Women opposition leaders","Women prime ministers in Europe","Women's firsts"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Margaret_Thatcher","wgRelevantArticleId":19831,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7416","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1669"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1113"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="890"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Margaret Thatcher - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Margaret_Thatcher rootpage-Margaret_Thatcher skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Margaret+Thatcher" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Margaret+Thatcher" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Margaret+Thatcher" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Margaret+Thatcher" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life and education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_childhood_(1925–1943)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_childhood_(1925–1943)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Family and childhood (1925–1943) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_childhood_(1925–1943)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxford_(1943–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxford_(1943–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Oxford (1943–1947) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxford_(1943–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Oxford_career_(1947–1951)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Oxford_career_(1947–1951)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Post-Oxford career (1947–1951) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Oxford_career_(1947–1951)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Early political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Member_of_Parliament_(1959–1970)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_Parliament_(1959–1970)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Member of Parliament (1959–1970) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_Parliament_(1959–1970)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-On_the_frontbenches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_frontbenches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 On the frontbenches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_frontbenches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Shadow_Cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Shadow_Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 In the Shadow Cabinet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Shadow_Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_Secretary_(1970–1974)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_Secretary_(1970–1974)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Education Secretary (1970–1974) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_Secretary_(1970–1974)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1975–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1975–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Leader of the Opposition (1975–1979) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1975–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Iron_Lady"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Iron_Lady""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 "Iron Lady" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Iron_Lady"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–1990)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Domestic affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Queen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Queen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 The Queen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Queen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Economy and taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Industrial relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privatisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privatisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.5 Privatisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privatisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.6 Northern Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Foreign affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Cold War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ties_with_the_US" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ties_with_the_US"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Ties with the US </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ties_with_the_US-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crisis_in_the_South_Atlantic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crisis_in_the_South_Atlantic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Crisis in the South Atlantic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crisis_in_the_South_Atlantic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negotiating_Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negotiating_Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 Negotiating Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negotiating_Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheid_in_South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid_in_South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.5 Apartheid in South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid_in_South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.6 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges_to_leadership_and_resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges_to_leadership_and_resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Challenges to leadership and resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges_to_leadership_and_resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Later life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Later life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Return_to_backbenches_(1990–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_backbenches_(1990–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Return to backbenches (1990–1992) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_backbenches_(1990–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Commons_(1992–2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Commons_(1992–2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Post-Commons (1992–2003) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Commons_(1992–2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_(2003–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_(2003–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Final years (2003–2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_(2003–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral_(2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral_(2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Death and funeral (2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral_(2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Political impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Cultural depictions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles,_awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles,_awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Titles, awards and honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles,_awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Published works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 General bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Margaret Thatcher</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 147 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" > 147 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%89%B3%E1%89%B8%E1%88%AD" title="ማርጋሬት ታቸር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማርጋሬት ታቸር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meregrot_%C3%9E%C3%A6%C4%8Bere" title="Meregrot Þæċere – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Meregrot Þæċere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مارغريت ثاتشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارغريت ثاتشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A8%D6%80" title="Մարկրիթ Թաչըր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մարկրիթ Թաչըր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marqaret_Tet%C3%A7er" title="Marqaret Tetçer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marqaret Tetçer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margar%C3%A9t_Thatcher" title="Margarét Thatcher – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Margarét Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্গারেট থ্যাচার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্গারেট থ্যাচার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тэтчер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Маргарет Тэтчер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Маргарэт Тэтчэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маргарэт Тэтчэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Маргарэт Тэтчэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маргарэт Тэтчэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тачър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Маргарет Тачър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="མར་ག་རེ་ཐ་ཁྲ་ཆེའར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མར་ག་རེ་ཐ་ཁྲ་ཆེའར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тэтчер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Маргарет Тэтчер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcherov%C3%A1" title="Margaret Thatcherová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Margaret Thatcherová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84_%CE%98%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μάργκαρετ Θάτσερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάργκαρετ Θάτσερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگارت تاچر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارگارت تاچر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%BF_%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%98" title="마거릿 대처 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마거릿 대처" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF_%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մարգարետ Թետչեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարգարետ Թետչեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="मारग्रेट थैचर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मारग्रेट थैचर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%A6%27%D7%A8" title="מרגרט תאצ'ר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרגרט תאצ'ר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಾರ್ಗರೆಟ್ ಥ್ಯಾಚರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾರ್ಗರೆಟ್ ಥ್ಯಾಚರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მარგარეტ ტეტჩერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარგარეტ ტეტჩერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тэтчер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маргарет Тэтчер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5" title="ມາກາເຣດ ແທດເຊີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມາກາເຣດ ແທດເຊີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_Thatcher" title="Margarita Thatcher – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Margarita Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rgarita_Te%C4%8Dere" title="Mārgarita Tečere – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mārgarita Tečere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="मार्गरेट थ्याचर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मार्गरेट थ्याचर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тачер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маргарет Тачер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC" title="മാർഗരറ്റ് താച്ചർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാർഗരറ്റ് താച്ചർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="मार्गारेट थॅचर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मार्गारेट थॅचर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="مارجريت ثاتشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارجريت ثاتشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگارت تاچر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مارگارت تاچر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тэтчер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Маргарет Тэтчер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="မာဂရက် သက်ချာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မာဂရက် သက်ချာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="मार्गरेट थ्याचर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मार्गरेट थ्याचर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="मार्गरेट थ्याचर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मार्गरेट थ्याचर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="マーガレット・サッチャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーガレット・サッチャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тэтчер Маргарет – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тэтчер Маргарет" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਾਰਗਰੈੱਟ ਥੈਚਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰਗਰੈੱਟ ਥੈਚਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگریٹ تھیچر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مارگریٹ تھیچر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%BC_%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگرېټ ټاچر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مارگرېټ ټاچر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тэтчер, Маргарет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тэтчер, Маргарет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тэтчер Маргарет – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тэтчер Маргарет" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="मार्गरेट थाचर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मार्गरेट थाचर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="මාග්‍රට් තැචර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මාග්‍රට් තැචර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD_%D9%BF%D9%8A%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگريٽ ٿيچر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مارگريٽ ٿيچر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcherov%C3%A1" title="Margaret Thatcherová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Margaret Thatcherová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگرێت تاچر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مارگرێت تاچر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тачер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маргарет Тачер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மார்கரெட் தாட்சர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மார்கரெட் தாட்சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тэтчер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Маргарет Тэтчер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మార్గరెట్ థాచర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మార్గరెట్ థాచర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มาร์กาเรต แทตเชอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาร์กาเรต แทตเชอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тэтчер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Маргарет Тэтчер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Маргарет Тетчер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маргарет Тетчер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1" title="مارگریٹ تھیچر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مارگریٹ تھیچر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%89%D8%B1" title="ماگرىت ساچىر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماگرىت ساچىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%8D%93%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="戴卓爾夫人 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="戴卓爾夫人" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%92%92%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94" title="玛格丽特·撒切尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玛格丽特·撒切尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%98_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="מארגארעט טאטשער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מארגארעט טאטשער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%8D%93%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="戴卓爾夫人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戴卓爾夫人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Margaret Thatcher" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_Te%C4%8Der" title="Margareta Tečer – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Margareta Tečer" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%92%92%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94" title="玛格丽特·撒切尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玛格丽特·撒切尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Hilda_Tetcer" title="Margaret Hilda Tetcer – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Margaret Hilda Tetcer" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7416#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Margaret_Thatcher" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Margaret_Thatcher" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&oldid=1259934829" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Margaret_Thatcher&id=1259934829&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMargaret_Thatcher">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMargaret_Thatcher">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Margaret_Thatcher&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Margaret_Thatcher" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Margaret_Hilda_Thatcher" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7416" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Iron Lady" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Iron_Lady_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Iron Lady (disambiguation)">Iron Lady (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Margaret Thatcher (disambiguation)">Margaret Thatcher (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Baroness Thatcher</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady of the Order of the Garter">LG</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame of Justice of the Order of St John">DStJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry">HonFRSC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher in a half-length portrait photograph, wearing a black suit and pearls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="1099" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Studio portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1995–96</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 4 May 1979 – 28 November 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a> (1989–90)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 11 February 1975 – 4 May 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li>James Callaghan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">James Callaghan</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 11 February 1975 – 28 November 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Viscount_Whitelaw" class="mw-redirect" title="The Viscount Whitelaw">The Viscount Whitelaw</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">The Lord Thorneycroft</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Cecil Parkinson</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">John Gummer</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Norman Tebbit</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Sutton_Mandeville" title="Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville">Peter Brooke</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Kenneth Baker</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Edward Heath</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">John Major </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Ministerial portfolios </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Education and Science">Secretary of State for Education and Science</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 20 June 1970 – 4 March 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Edward Heath</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reg_Prentice" title="Reg Prentice">Reg Prentice</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary (United Kingdom)">Parliamentary Secretary</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>1961–1964</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_for_Pensions" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Pensions">Ministry for Pensions</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Shadow portfolios </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State">Shadow Secretary of State</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1967–1970</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science">Education and Science</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1974–1975</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment">Environment</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Minister">Shadow Minister</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1967–1968</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Power (United Kingdom)">Fuel and Power</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1968–1969</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Minister_for_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Minister for Transport">Transport</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Parliamentary offices </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life peerage</a> 30 June 1992 – 8 April 2013<a href="#cite_note-2">[nb 1]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 8 October 1959 – 16 March 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Crowder" title="John Crowder">John Crowder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Booth" title="Hartley Booth">Hartley Booth</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Margaret Hilda Roberts</div> (1925-10-13)13 October 1925 <a href="/wiki/Grantham" title="Grantham">Grantham</a>, Lincolnshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 April 2013(2013-04-08) (aged 87) London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_Chelsea" title="Royal Hospital Chelsea">Royal Hospital Chelsea</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Margaret_Thatcher&params=51.489057_N_0.156195_W_region:GB_type:landmark">51°29′21″N 0°09′22″W / 51.489057°N 0.156195°W / 51.489057; -0.156195</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Thatcher" title="Denis Thatcher">Denis Thatcher</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1951; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">2003)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Thatcher" title="Mark Thatcher">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Thatcher" title="Carol Thatcher">Carol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Roberts" title="Alfred Roberts">Alfred Roberts</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/MA_(Oxon)" class="mw-redirect" title="MA (Oxon)">MA</a>)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barristers_in_England_and_Wales" title="Barristers in England and Wales">Barrister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a></li> <li>politician</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_honours_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of honours of Margaret Thatcher">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margaret Thatcher's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg/128px-Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg/192px-Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg/256px-Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="269" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://margaretthatcher.org">Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#"Iron_Lady"">"Iron Lady"</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher%27s_Joint_Statement,_10th_G7_summit.ogg" title="File:Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Joint Statement, 10th G7 summit.ogg">Margaret Thatcher's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="1051" data-mwtitle="Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher's_Joint_Statement,_10th_G7_summit.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher%27s_Joint_Statement%2C_10th_G7_summit.ogg/Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher%27s_Joint_Statement%2C_10th_G7_summit.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher%27s_Joint_Statement%2C_10th_G7_summit.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Joint Statement for the <a href="/wiki/10th_G7_summit" title="10th G7 summit">10th G7 summit</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher%27s_Joint_Statement,_10th_G7_summit.ogg" title="File:Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's Joint Statement, 10th G7 summit.ogg">Recorded 9 June 1984</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: darkgrey"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#0087DC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/75px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/113px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/150px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="3259" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#0087DC;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Bibliography of Margaret Thatcher">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Electoral history of Margaret Thatcher">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honours_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of honours of Margaret Thatcher">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">MP for Finchley</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Bodies_(Admission_to_Meetings)_Act_1960" title="Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960">Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;font-size:85%;">Secretary of State for Education and Science</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_10/70" title="Circular 10/70">Circular 10/70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1944#School_meals_and_milk" title="Education Act 1944">Withdrawal of school milk</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;font-size:85%;">Leader of the Opposition</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher">Shadow Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975 leadership election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Callaghan_ministry" title="1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry">1979 VoNC in Callaghan ministry</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Policies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)#Thatcher's_Britain" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom#1979–1990:_the_Thatcher_era" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)#Margaret_Thatcher_(1979–90)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">other</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Appointments</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_under_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of ministers under Margaret Thatcher">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wets_and_dries" title="Wets and dries">wets and dries</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> Articles by ministry and term:<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:normal;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin:0 4em;">1979–1983</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="line-height:16px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Thatcher_ministry" title="First Thatcher ministry">First ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_lady%27s_not_for_turning" title="The lady's not for turning">"The lady's not for turning"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_is_no_alternative" title="There is no alternative">"TINA"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1979_United_Kingdom_budget" title="June 1979 United Kingdom budget">1979 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1980 United Kingdom budget">1980 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1981 United Kingdom budget">1981 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1982 United Kingdom budget">1982 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1983 United Kingdom budget">1983 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Buy#Thatcher_policies" title="Right to Buy">Right to Buy</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:normal;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin:0 4em;">1983–1987</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="line-height:16px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">Second ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 re-election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1984 United Kingdom budget">1984 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1985 United Kingdom budget">1985 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1986 United Kingdom budget">1986 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1987 United Kingdom budget">1987 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang_(financial_markets)" title="Big Bang (financial markets)">Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_United_Kingdom_miners%27_strike" title="1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike">Miners' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_affair" title="Westland affair">Westland affair</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:normal;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin:0 4em;">1987–1990</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="line-height:16px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Thatcher_ministry" title="Third Thatcher ministry">Third ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 re-election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1988 United Kingdom budget">1988 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1989 United Kingdom budget">1989 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1990 United Kingdom budget">1990 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990 leadership election and resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)" title="Poll tax (Great Britain)">Poll tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mound" title="Sermon on the Mound">Sermon on the Mound</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Post-premiership</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Ceremonial funeral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Legacy">Legacy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Publications</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)">The Path to Power (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statecraft:_Strategies_for_a_Changing_World" title="Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World">Statecraft (2003)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/50px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/75px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_coats_of_arms_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of coats of arms of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg/45px-Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg/60px-Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="617" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Margaret_Thatcher_sidebar" title="Template:Margaret Thatcher sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Margaret_Thatcher_sidebar" title="Template talk:Margaret Thatcher sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret_Thatcher_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret Thatcher sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher<a href="#cite_note-3">[nb 2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013), was a British stateswoman and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> from 1979 to 1990 and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> from 1975 to 1990. She was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_length_of_tenure" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure">longest-serving British prime minister</a> of the 20th century and the first woman to hold the position. As prime minister, she implemented economic policies known as <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a>. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and <a href="/wiki/Leadership_style" title="Leadership style">leadership style</a>. Thatcher studied chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a>, and worked briefly as a <a href="/wiki/Research_chemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Research chemist">research chemist</a> before becoming a <a href="/wiki/Barristers_in_England_and_Wales" title="Barristers in England and Wales">barrister</a>. She was <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1959 United Kingdom general election">elected Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley</a> in <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> appointed her <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_for_education_and_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of state for education and science">secretary of state for education and science</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Heath_ministry" title="Heath ministry">1970–1974 government</a>. In 1975, she defeated Heath in the <a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">Conservative Party leadership election</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">leader of the opposition</a>, the first woman to lead a major political party in the UK. On becoming prime minister after winning the <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a>, Thatcher introduced a series of economic policies intended to reverse high inflation and Britain's struggles in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">an oncoming recession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[nb 3]</a> Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">greater individual liberty</a>, the privatisation of <a href="/wiki/State-owned_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned companies">state-owned companies</a>, and reducing the power and influence of <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">trade unions</a>. Her popularity in her first years in office waned amid recession and rising unemployment. Victory in the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> and the recovering economy brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide</a> re-election in <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a>. She survived an assassination attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a> in the 1984 <a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a> and achieved a political victory against the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">National Union of Mineworkers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_miners%27_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1984–85 miners' strike">1984–85 miners' strike</a>. In 1986, Thatcher oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> of UK <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial markets</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Lawson_Boom" title="Lawson Boom">an economic boom</a>, in what came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang_(financial_markets)" title="Big Bang (financial markets)">Big Bang</a>. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term with another landslide in <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a>, but her subsequent support for the <a href="/wiki/Community_Charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Charge">Community Charge</a> (also known as the "poll tax") was widely unpopular, and her increasingly <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Eurosceptic</a> views on the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> were not shared by others in her cabinet. She resigned as prime minister and party leader in 1990, after a <a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">challenge was launched to her leadership</a>, and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>, her <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">chancellor of the Exchequer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[nb 4]</a> After retiring from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Commons</a> in 1992, she was given a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerage</a> as Baroness Thatcher (of <a href="/wiki/Kesteven" title="Kesteven">Kesteven</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Lincolnshire">County of Lincolnshire</a>) which entitled her to sit in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. In 2013, she <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">died of a stroke</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London" title="The Ritz Hotel, London">the Ritz Hotel, London</a>, at the age of 87. A polarising figure in British politics, Thatcher is nonetheless viewed favourably in <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">historical rankings</a> and public opinion of British prime ministers. Her tenure constituted a <a href="/wiki/Political_realignment#Europe" title="Political realignment">realignment</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> policies in Britain; the complex legacy attributed to this shift continues to be debated into the 21st century. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;"> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center" style="background-color:whitesmoke"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:572px;max-width:572px;background-color:whitesmoke"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Birthplace in Grantham</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:whitesmoke;width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher,_Grantham.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The corner of a terraced suburban street. The lower storey is a corner shop, now advertising as a chiropractic clinic. The building is two storeys high, with some parts three storeys high. It was formerly Alfred Roberts's shop." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_Grantham.JPG/306px-Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_Grantham.JPG" decoding="async" width="306" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_Grantham.JPG/459px-Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_Grantham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_Grantham.JPG/612px-Maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_Grantham.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1214" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">2009 photograph of her father's former shop<a href="#cite_note-9">[5]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:whitesmoke;width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque,_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A plaque reading "Birth place of the Rt.Hon. Margaret Thatcher, M.P. First woman prime minister of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Plaque%2C_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG/258px-Plaque%2C_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG" decoding="async" width="258" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Plaque%2C_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG/387px-Plaque%2C_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Plaque%2C_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG/516px-Plaque%2C_maison_natale_de_Margaret_Thatcher.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="532" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Commemorative plaque<a href="#cite_note-10">[6]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Margaret and her elder sister were raised in the bottom of two flats on North Parade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20063-8">[4]</a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_childhood_(1925–1943)">Family and childhood (1925–1943)</h3></div> Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925 in <a href="/wiki/Grantham" title="Grantham">Grantham</a>, Lincolnshire. Her parents were <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Roberts" title="Alfred Roberts">Alfred Roberts</a> (1892–1970), from Northamptonshire, and Beatrice Ethel Stephenson (1888–1960), from Lincolnshire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20061-11">[7]</a> Her father's maternal grandmother, Catherine Sullivan, was born in <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">County Kerry</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a> Roberts spent her childhood in Grantham, where her father owned a <a href="/wiki/Tobacconist" title="Tobacconist">tobacconist</a>'s and a grocery shop. In 1938, <a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">before the Second World War</a>, the Roberts family briefly gave sanctuary to a teenage Jewish girl who had <a href="/wiki/Jewish_refugees_from_German-occupied_Europe_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom">escaped Nazi Germany</a>. With her <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penfriend#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:penfriend">pen-friending</a> elder sister Muriel, Margaret saved pocket money to help pay for the teenager's journey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a38–39-13">[9]</a> Alfred was an <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">alderman</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Methodist_local_preacher" title="Methodist local preacher">Methodist local preacher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20068-14">[10]</a> He brought up his daughter as a strict <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church_(Great_Britain)" title="Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)">Wesleyan Methodist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Johnson-15">[11]</a> attending the <a href="/wiki/Finkin_Street_Methodist_Church" title="Finkin Street Methodist Church">Finkin Street Methodist Church</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a> but Margaret was more sceptical; the future scientist told a friend that she could not believe in <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>, having calculated that they needed a <a href="/wiki/Breastbone" class="mw-redirect" title="Breastbone">breastbone</a> 6 feet (1.8 m) long to support wings.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford1-17">[13]</a> Alfred came from a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> family but stood (as was then customary in local government) as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>. He served as Mayor of Grantham from 1945 to 1946 and lost his position as alderman in 1952 after the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> won its first majority on Grantham Council in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20068-14">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_aos_13_anos_de_idade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Margaret Roberts, 13, in a black-and-white portrait photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Margaret_Thatcher_aos_13_anos_de_idade.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher_aos_13_anos_de_idade.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Margaret_Thatcher_aos_13_anos_de_idade.jpg/255px-Margaret_Thatcher_aos_13_anos_de_idade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Margaret_Thatcher_aos_13_anos_de_idade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>1938–39 portrait, aged 13</figcaption></figure> Roberts attended <a href="/wiki/Huntingtower_Road_Primary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntingtower Road Primary School">Huntingtower Road Primary School</a> and won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Kesteven_and_Grantham_Girls%27_School" title="Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School">Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School</a>, a grammar school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20065-18">[14]</a> Her school reports showed hard work and continual improvement; her extracurricular activities included the piano, field hockey, poetry recitals, swimming and walking.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20066Blundell200821–22-19">[15]</a> She was <a href="/wiki/Head_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Head girl">head girl</a> in 1942–43,<a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a> and outside school, while the Second World War was ongoing, she voluntarily worked as a <a href="/wiki/Fire_watcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire watcher">fire watcher</a> in the local <a href="/wiki/ARP_service" class="mw-redirect" title="ARP service">ARP service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2019929-21">[17]</a> Other students thought of Roberts as the "star scientist", although mistaken advice regarding cleaning ink from <a href="/wiki/Parquetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Parquetry">parquetry</a> almost caused <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_gas_poisoning" title="Chlorine gas poisoning">chlorine gas poisoning</a>. In her <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">upper sixth year</a>, Roberts was accepted for a scholarship to study chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a>, a women's college, starting in 1944. After another candidate withdrew, Roberts entered Oxford in October 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200612Blundell200823-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oxford1-17">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxford_(1943–1947)">Oxford (1943–1947)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Somerville_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Hall and Maitland Building of Somerville College, Oxford, in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Somerville_College.jpg/170px-Somerville_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Somerville_College.jpg/255px-Somerville_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Somerville_College.jpg/340px-Somerville_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Roberts studied chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerville College">Somerville College</a> (pictured) from 1943 to 1947.</figcaption></figure> Following her arrival at Oxford, Roberts began studies under <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallographer" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray crystallographer">X-ray crystallographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a>, the tutor in chemistry for Somerville College since 1934.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200825–27Beckett200616Agar2022-23">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> Hodgkin considered Roberts a "good" student, and later recalled: "One could always rely on her producing a sensible, well-read essay."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> She opted to read for a classified <a href="/wiki/Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">honours degree</a>, entailing an additional year of supervised research.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> As her thesis supervisor, Hodgkin assigned Roberts to work with <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schmidt_(crystallographer)" title="Gerhard Schmidt (crystallographer)">Gerhard Schmidt</a>, a researcher in Hodgkin's lab, to determine the structure of the antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptide</a> <a href="/wiki/Gramicidin_S" title="Gramicidin S">gramicidin S</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200065Agar2022-26">[22]</a> Although the research made some progress, the peptide's structure proved more complex than anticipated, and Schmidt would only determine its full structure much later; Roberts (by then Thatcher) learned this in the 1960s while visiting the <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Weizmann Institute">Weizmann Institute</a>, where her former research partner was then working.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> Roberts graduated in 1947 with a <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">second-class honours degree</a> in chemistry, and in 1950 also received the degree of <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxford,_Cambridge,_and_Dublin)" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)">Master of Arts</a> (as an Oxford BA, she was entitled to the degree 21 terms after her <a href="/wiki/Matriculation#United_Kingdom" title="Matriculation">matriculation</a>).<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> Although Hodgkin would later be critical of her former student's politics, they continued to correspond into the 1980s, and Roberts in her memoirs would describe her mentor as "ever-helpful", "a brilliant scientist and a gifted teacher".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> As prime minister, she would keep a portrait of Hodgkin at <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> Later in life, she was reportedly prouder of becoming the first prime minister with a science degree than becoming the first female prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-runciman20130606-28">[24]</a> While prime minister she attempted to preserve Somerville as a women's college.<a href="#cite_note-bowcott20161230-29">[25]</a> Twice a week outside study she worked in a local forces canteen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDougill19874-30">[26]</a> During her time at Oxford, Roberts was noted for her isolated and serious attitude.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford1-17">[13]</a> Her first boyfriend, Tony Bray (1926–2014), recalled that she was "very thoughtful and a very good conversationalist. That's probably what interested me. She was good at general subjects".<a href="#cite_note-Oxford1-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bray-31">[27]</a> Roberts's coursework involved subjects beyond chemistry<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200047-32">[28]</a> as she was already contemplating an entry into law and politics.<a href="#cite_note-lecher20130408-33">[29]</a> Her enthusiasm for politics as a girl made Bray think of her as "unusual" and her parents as "slightly austere" and "very proper".<a href="#cite_note-Oxford1-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bray-31">[27]</a> Roberts became President of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Conservative_Association" title="Oxford University Conservative Association">Oxford University Conservative Association</a> in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200620–21Blundell200828-34">[30]</a> She was influenced at university by political works such as <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Serfdom" title="The Road to Serfdom">The Road to Serfdom</a> (1944),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200830-35">[31]</a> which condemned economic intervention by government as a precursor to an authoritarian state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200317-36">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Oxford_career_(1947–1951)">Post-Oxford career (1947–1951)</h3></div> After graduating, Roberts secured a position as a research chemist for British Xylonite (<a href="/wiki/BX_Plastics" title="BX Plastics">BX Plastics</a>) following a series of interviews arranged by Oxford; she subsequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a> in Essex to work at the firm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200617Agar2011-37">[33]</a> Little is known about her brief time there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2011-38">[34]</a> By her own account, she was initially enthusiastic about the position, as she had been intended to function as a personal assistant to the company's head of research and development, providing opportunities to learn about <a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">operations management</a>: "But on my arrival it was decided that there was not enough to do in that capacity."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> Instead, she seems to have researched methods of attaching <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">polyvinyl chloride</a> (PVC) to metals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2011-38">[34]</a> While with the firm, she joined the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Scientific_Workers" title="Association of Scientific Workers">Association of Scientific Workers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2011-38">[34]</a> In 1948, she applied for a job at <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a> (ICI) but was rejected after the personnel department assessed her as "headstrong, obstinate and dangerously self-opinionated".<a href="#cite_note-BBC2013-39">[35]</a> Jon Agar in <a href="/wiki/Notes_and_Records" title="Notes and Records">Notes and Records</a> argues that her understanding of modern scientific research later impacted her views as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2011-38">[34]</a> Roberts joined the local <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Association" title="Conservative Association">Conservative Association</a> and attended the party conference at <a href="/wiki/Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a>, Wales, in 1948, as a representative of the University Graduate Conservative Association.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622-40">[36]</a> Meanwhile, she became a high-ranking affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Vermin_Club" title="Vermin Club">Vermin Club</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vermin-42">[38]</a> a group of grassroots Conservatives formed in response to a derogatory comment made by <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vermin-42">[38]</a> One of her Oxford friends was also a friend of the Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a> Conservative Association in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, who were looking for candidates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622-40">[36]</a> Officials of the association were so impressed by her that they asked her to apply, even though she was not on the party's approved list; she was selected in January 1950 (aged 24) and added to the approved list <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/post_ante" class="extiw" title="wikt:post ante">post ante</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200836-43">[39]</a> At a dinner following her formal adoption as Conservative candidate for Dartford in February 1949, she met divorcé <a href="/wiki/Denis_Thatcher" title="Denis Thatcher">Denis Thatcher</a>, a successful and wealthy businessman, who drove her to her Essex train.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622Blundell200836-44">[40]</a> After their first meeting, she described him to Muriel as "not a very attractive creature – very reserved but quite nice".<a href="#cite_note-Oxford1-17">[13]</a> In preparation for the election, Roberts moved to Dartford, while she supported herself by working as a research chemist for <a href="/wiki/J._Lyons_and_Co." title="J. Lyons and Co.">J. Lyons and Co.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith" title="Hammersmith">Hammersmith</a>, reportedly as part of a team developing <a href="/wiki/Emulsifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Emulsifier">emulsifiers</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622''New_Scientist''1983-45">[41]</a> As the work was more theoretical in nature than during her prior role with BX Plastics, Roberts found it "more satisfying".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> While at Lyons, she worked under the supervision of Hans Jellinek, who headed the company's physical chemistry section.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022Jellinek1979-46">[42]</a> Jellinek assigned her to research the <a href="/wiki/Saponification" title="Saponification">saponification</a> of α-monostearin (<a href="/wiki/Glycerol_monostearate" title="Glycerol monostearate">glycerol monostearate</a>), which has properties as an emulsifier, stabiliser and food preservative. Agar has noted the research may have been connected with the emulsification of ice cream, but only as a possibility.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> In September 1951, their research was published in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Science_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture">Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture</a>, a recently launched publication of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chemical_Industry" title="Society of Chemical Industry">Society of Chemical Industry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> as "The saponification of α-monostearin in a monolayer".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJellinekRoberts1951-47">[43]</a> This would be Roberts's sole scientific publication.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">[21]</a> In 1979, following his former assistant's election as prime minister, Jellinek, by then a professor of physical chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Clarkson_University" title="Clarkson University">Clarkson University</a> in the United States, said she had done "a very good job" on the project, "showing great determination".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJellinek1979-48">[44]</a> She sent Jellinek a congratulatory letter upon his retirement in 1984, and another letter shortly before his death two years later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerker1987-49">[45]</a> Roberts married at <a href="/wiki/Wesley%27s_Chapel" title="Wesley's Chapel">Wesley's Chapel</a> and her children were baptised there,<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> but she and her husband began attending <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> services and would later convert to <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Belz-51">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Filby-52">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2></div> In the <a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a> and <a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a> general elections, Roberts was the Conservative candidate for the Labour seat of <a href="/wiki/Dartford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dartford (UK Parliament constituency)">Dartford</a>. The local party selected her as its candidate because, though not a dynamic public speaker, Roberts was well-prepared and fearless in her answers. A prospective candidate, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Deedes" title="Bill Deedes">Bill Deedes</a>, recalled: "Once she opened her mouth, the rest of us began to look rather second-rate."<a href="#cite_note-runciman20130606-28">[24]</a> She attracted media attention as the youngest and the only female candidate;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24Blundell200837-53">[49]</a> in 1950, she was the youngest Conservative candidate in the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonSaunders20123-54">[50]</a> She lost on both occasions to <a href="/wiki/Norman_Dodds" title="Norman Dodds">Norman Dodds</a> but reduced the Labour majority by 6,000 and then a further 1,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24-55">[51]</a> During the campaigns, she was supported by her parents and by her future husband Denis Thatcher, whom she married in December 1951.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Denis_Thatcher-56">[52]</a> Denis funded his wife's studies for the <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">bar</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200625-57">[53]</a> she qualified as a <a href="/wiki/Barristers_in_England_and_Wales" title="Barristers in England and Wales">barrister</a> in 1953 and specialised in taxation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200835-58">[54]</a> Later that same year their twins <a href="/wiki/Carol_Thatcher" title="Carol Thatcher">Carol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Thatcher" title="Mark Thatcher">Mark</a> were born, delivered prematurely by Caesarean section.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgden199070Beckett200626Aitken201374-59">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Parliament_(1959–1970)">Member of Parliament (1959–1970)</h3></div> In 1954, Thatcher was defeated when she sought selection to be the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> candidate for the <a href="/wiki/1955_Orpington_by-election" title="1955 Orpington by-election">Orpington by-election</a> of January 1955. She chose not to stand as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955 general election</a>, in later years, stating: "I really just felt the twins were [...] only two, I really felt that it was too soon. I couldn't do that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000100-60">[56]</a> Afterwards, Thatcher began looking for a Conservative safe seat and was selected as the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley</a> in April 1958 (narrowly beating <a href="/wiki/Ian_Montagu_Fraser" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Montagu Fraser">Ian Montagu Fraser</a>). She was elected as MP for the seat after a hard campaign in the <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200627-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Benefiting from her fortunate result in a lottery for <a href="/wiki/Backbencher" title="Backbencher">backbenchers</a> to propose new legislation,<a href="#cite_note-runciman20130606-28">[24]</a> Thatcher's maiden speech was, unusually, in support of her <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">private member's bill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Bodies_(Admission_to_Meetings)_Act_1960" title="Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960">Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960</a>, requiring local authorities to hold their council meetings in public; the bill was successful and became law.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken201391-64">[60]</a> In 1961 she went against the Conservative Party's official position by voting for the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Birching" title="Birching">birching</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_corporal_punishment" title="Judicial corporal punishment">judicial corporal punishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000134-65">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_the_frontbenches">On the frontbenches</h4></div> Thatcher's talent and drive caused her to be mentioned as a future prime minister in her early 20s<a href="#cite_note-runciman20130606-28">[24]</a> although she herself was more pessimistic, stating as late as 1970: "There will not be a woman prime minister in my lifetime – the male population is too prejudiced."<a href="#cite_note-sandbrook20130409-66">[62]</a> In October 1961 she was promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Frontbench" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontbench">frontbench</a> as <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_for_Pensions" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Pensions">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Pensions</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan20034-67">[63]</a> Thatcher was the youngest woman in history to receive such a post, and among the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1959 United Kingdom general election">MPs elected in 1959</a> to be promoted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003-68">[64]</a> After the Conservatives lost the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964 election</a>, she became spokeswoman on housing and land. In that position, she advocated her party's policy of giving tenants the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_buy" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to buy">right to buy</a> their <a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">council houses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764-69">[65]</a> She moved to the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Treasury">Shadow Treasury</a> team in 1966 and, as Treasury spokeswoman, opposed Labour's mandatory price and income controls, arguing they would unintentionally produce effects that would distort the economy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764-69">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Jim Prior</a> suggested Thatcher as a <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a> member after the Conservatives' <a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966 defeat</a>, but party leader <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> and Chief Whip <a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a> eventually chose <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Pike" title="Mervyn Pike">Mervyn Pike</a> as the <a href="/wiki/First_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Edward_Heath" title="First Shadow Cabinet of Edward Heath">Conservative shadow cabinet</a>'s sole woman member.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003-68">[64]</a> At the 1966 Conservative Party conference, Thatcher criticised the high-tax policies of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_government,_1964%E2%80%931970" title="Labour government, 1964–1970">Labour government</a> as being steps "not only towards Socialism, but towards Communism", arguing that lower taxes served as an incentive to hard work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764-69">[65]</a> Thatcher was one of the few Conservative MPs to support <a href="/wiki/Leo_Abse" title="Leo Abse">Leo Abse</a>'s bill to decriminalise male homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> She voted in favour of <a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a>'s bill to legalise abortion,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995150-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> as well as a ban on <a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">hare coursing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> She supported the retention of capital punishment<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> and voted against the relaxation of divorce laws.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995151-76">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_Shadow_Cabinet">In the Shadow Cabinet</h4></div> In 1967, the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_London" title="Embassy of the United States, London">United States Embassy</a> chose Thatcher to take part in the <a href="/wiki/International_Visitor_Leadership_Program" title="International Visitor Leadership Program">International Visitor Leadership Program</a> (then called the Foreign Leader Program), a professional exchange programme that allowed her to spend about six weeks visiting various US cities and political figures as well as institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. Although she was not yet a Shadow Cabinet member, the embassy reportedly described her to the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> as a possible future prime minister. The description helped Thatcher meet with prominent people during a busy itinerary focused on economic issues, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Rostow" title="Walt Rostow">Walt Rostow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Paul_Schweitzer" title="Pierre-Paul Schweitzer">Pierre-Paul Schweitzer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>. Following the visit, Heath appointed Thatcher to the Shadow Cabinet<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003-68">[64]</a> as fuel and power spokeswoman.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970 general election</a>, she was promoted to shadow transport spokeswoman and later to education.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200765-78">[74]</a> In 1968, <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Enoch Powell</a> delivered his <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Blood_speech" title="Rivers of Blood speech">"Rivers of Blood" speech</a> in which he strongly criticised <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> immigration to the United Kingdom and the then-proposed <a href="/wiki/Race_Relations_Act_1968" title="Race Relations Act 1968">Race Relations Bill</a>. When Heath telephoned Thatcher to inform her that he would sack Powell from the Shadow Cabinet, she recalled that she "really thought that it was better to let things cool down for the present rather than heighten the crisis". She believed that his main points about Commonwealth immigration were correct and that the selected quotations from his speech had been taken out of context.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken2013117-79">[75]</a> In a 1991 interview for <a href="/wiki/Today_(UK_newspaper)" title="Today (UK newspaper)">Today</a>, Thatcher stated that she thought Powell had "made a valid argument, if in sometimes regrettable terms".<a href="#cite_note-Sandford-80">[76]</a> Around this time, she gave her first Commons speech as a shadow transport minister and highlighted the need for investment in <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a>. She argued: "[I]f we build bigger and better roads, they would soon be saturated with more vehicles and we would be no nearer solving the problem."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000189-81">[77]</a> Thatcher made her first visit to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in the summer of 1969 as the Opposition transport spokeswoman, and in October, delivered a speech celebrating her ten years in Parliament. In early 1970, she told The Finchley Press that she would like to see a "reversal of the permissive society".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000190–191-82">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_Secretary_(1970–1974)">Education Secretary (1970–1974)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Girls at Baldock County Council School in Hertfordshire enjoying a drink of milk during a break in the school day in 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg/170px-Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg/255px-Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg/340px-Girls_at_Baldock_County_Council_School_in_Hertfordshire_enjoy_a_drink_of_milk_during_a_break_in_the_school_day_in_1944._D20552.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4546" data-file-height="4447" /></a><figcaption>Thatcher abolished free milk for children aged 7–11 (pictured) in 1971 as <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">her predecessor</a> had done for older children in 1968.</figcaption></figure> The Conservative Party, led by Edward Heath, won the 1970 general election, and Thatcher was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Education and Science">Secretary of State for Education and Science</a>. Thatcher caused controversy when, after only a few days in office, she withdrew Labour's <a href="/wiki/Circular_10/65" title="Circular 10/65">Circular 10/65</a>, which attempted to force <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school_(England_and_Wales)" title="Comprehensive school (England and Wales)">comprehensivisation</a>, without going through a consultation process. She was highly criticised for the speed at which she carried this out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000222-83">[79]</a> Consequently, she drafted her own new policy (<a href="/wiki/Circular_10/70" title="Circular 10/70">Circular 10/70</a>), which ensured that local authorities were not forced to go comprehensive. Her new policy was not meant to stop the development of new comprehensives; she said: "We shall [...] expect plans to be based on educational considerations rather than on the comprehensive principle."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2013215-84">[80]</a> Thatcher supported <a href="/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild" title="Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild">Lord Rothschild</a>'s 1971 proposal for market forces to affect government funding of research. Although many scientists opposed the proposal, her research background probably made her sceptical of their claim that outsiders should not interfere with funding.<a href="#cite_note-lecher20130408-33">[29]</a> The department evaluated proposals for more local education authorities to close grammar schools and to adopt <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive secondary education</a>. Although Thatcher was committed to a tiered <a href="/wiki/Secondary_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary modern">secondary modern</a>-grammar school system of education and attempted to preserve grammar schools,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200314-85">[81]</a> during her tenure as education secretary, she turned down only 326 of 3,612 proposals (roughly 9 per cent)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000224-86">[82]</a> for schools to become comprehensives; the proportion of pupils attending comprehensive schools consequently rose from 32 per cent to 62 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007248–249-87">[83]</a> Nevertheless, she managed to save 94 grammar schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2013215-84">[80]</a> During her first months in office, she attracted public attention due to the government's attempts to cut spending. She gave priority to academic needs in schools,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200314-85">[81]</a> while administering public expenditure cuts on the state education system, resulting in the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1944" title="Education Act 1944">free milk for schoolchildren</a> aged seven to eleven.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776-88">[84]</a> She held that few children would suffer if schools were charged for milk but agreed to provide younger children with 0.3 imperial pints (0.17 L) daily for nutritional purposes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776-88">[84]</a> She also argued that she was simply carrying on with what the Labour government had started since they had stopped giving free milk to secondary schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000231-89">[85]</a> Milk would still be provided to those children that required it on medical grounds, and schools could still sell milk.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000231-89">[85]</a> The aftermath of the milk row hardened her determination; she told the editor-proprietor Harold Creighton of <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>: "Don't underestimate me, I saw how they broke <a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Keith [Joseph]</a>, but they won't break me."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000288-90">[86]</a> Cabinet papers later revealed that she opposed the policy but had been forced into it by the Treasury.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Her decision provoked a storm of protest from Labour and the press,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200315-92">[88]</a> leading to her being notoriously nicknamed "Margaret Thatcher, Milk Snatcher".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776-88">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> She reportedly considered leaving politics in the aftermath and later wrote in her autobiography: "I learned a valuable lesson. I had incurred the maximum of political odium for the minimum of political benefit."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200315Thatcher1995182-94">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition_(1975–1979)">Leader of the Opposition (1975–1979)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher">Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">1975 speech to the <a href="/wiki/US_National_Press_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="US National Press Club">US National Press Club</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Thatcher-loc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thatcher sitting in a black-and-white photograph"><img alt="Thatcher sitting in a black-and-white photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Thatcher-loc.jpg/170px-Thatcher-loc.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Thatcher-loc.jpg/255px-Thatcher-loc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Thatcher-loc.jpg/340px-Thatcher-loc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1913" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Thatcher in late 1975</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation speech cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/pressclub/thatcher.html">National Press Club Luncheon Speakers: Margaret Thatcher</a> (Speech).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Press+Club+Luncheon+Speakers%3A+Margaret+Thatcher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Frecord%2Fpressclub%2Fthatcher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> (Starts at 7:39, finishes at 28:33.)<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Heath_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath government">Heath government</a> continued to experience difficulties with <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">oil embargoes</a> and union demands for wage increases in 1973, subsequently losing the <a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">February 1974 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200315-92">[88]</a> Labour formed <a href="/wiki/Labour_government,_1974%E2%80%931979" title="Labour government, 1974–1979">a minority government</a> and went on to win a narrow majority in the <a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">October 1974 general election</a>. Heath's leadership of the Conservative Party looked increasingly in doubt. Thatcher was not initially seen as the obvious replacement, but she eventually became the main challenger, promising a fresh start.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200316-97">[93]</a> Her main support came from the parliamentary <a href="/wiki/1922_Committee" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200316-97">[93]</a> and The Spectator,<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> but Thatcher's time in office gave her the reputation of a pragmatist rather than that of an ideologue.<a href="#cite_note-runciman20130606-28">[24]</a> She <a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">defeated Heath</a> on the first ballot, and he resigned from the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> In the second ballot she defeated Whitelaw, Heath's preferred successor. Thatcher's election had a polarising effect on the party; her support was stronger among MPs on the right, and also among those from southern England, and those who had not attended public schools or <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECowleyBailey2000-100">[96]</a> Thatcher became Conservative Party leader and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a> on 11 February 1975;<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> she appointed Whitelaw as her <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">deputy</a>. Heath was never reconciled to Thatcher's leadership of the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2013394–395,_430-102">[98]</a> Television critic <a href="/wiki/Clive_James" title="Clive James">Clive James</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> prior to her election as Conservative Party leader, compared her voice of 1973 to "a cat sliding down a blackboard".<a href="#cite_note-104">[nb 5]</a> Thatcher had already begun to work on her presentation on the advice of <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Reece" title="Gordon Reece">Gordon Reece</a>, a former television producer. By chance, Reece met the actor <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, who arranged lessons with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a>'s voice coach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995267-105">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moore_Vanity-106">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[nb 6]</a> Thatcher began attending lunches regularly at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Institute of Economic Affairs">Institute of Economic Affairs</a> (IEA), a think tank founded by <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hayekian#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:Hayekian">Hayekian</a> poultry magnate <a href="/wiki/Antony_Fisher" title="Antony Fisher">Antony Fisher</a>; she had been visiting the IEA and reading its publications since the early 1960s. There she was influenced by the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Harris,_Baron_Harris_of_High_Cross" title="Ralph Harris, Baron Harris of High Cross">Ralph Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seldon" title="Arthur Seldon">Arthur Seldon</a> and became the face of the ideological movement opposing the <a href="/wiki/British_welfare_state" class="mw-redirect" title="British welfare state">British welfare state</a>. <a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian economics</a>, they believed, was weakening Britain. The institute's pamphlets proposed less government, lower taxes, and more freedom for business and consumers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2010chpt._11-110">[104]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher sitting with Gerald Ford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/200px-President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/300px-President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/400px-President_Gerald_Ford_Meeting_with_Great_Britain%27s_Conservative_Party_Leader_Margaret_Thatcher_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2687" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">With President Ford in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, 1975</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher sitting with Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg/200px-Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg/300px-Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg/400px-Shah_and_Margaret_Thatcher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="370" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">With the Shah in the <a href="/wiki/Niavaran_Complex" title="Niavaran Complex">Niavaran Complex</a>, 1978</div></div></div></div></div> Thatcher intended to promote <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> economic ideas at home and abroad. Despite setting the direction of her foreign policy for a Conservative government, Thatcher was distressed by her repeated failure to shine in the House of Commons. Consequently, Thatcher decided that as "her voice was carrying little weight at home", she would "be heard in the wider world".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000344-111">[105]</a> Thatcher undertook visits across the Atlantic, establishing an international profile and promoting her economic and foreign policies. She toured the United States in 1975 and met President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> visiting again in 1977, when she met President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper201025–26-113">[107]</a> Among other foreign trips, she met Shah <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a> in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> Thatcher chose to travel without being accompanied by her <a href="/wiki/Shadow_foreign_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow foreign secretary">shadow foreign secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a>, in an attempt to make a bolder personal impact.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper201025–26-113">[107]</a> In domestic affairs, Thatcher opposed <a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Home_rule#Scotland" title="Home rule">home rule</a>) and the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Assembly" title="Scottish Assembly">Scottish Assembly</a>. She instructed Conservative MPs to vote against the Scotland and Wales Bill in December 1976, which was successfully defeated, and then when new Bills were proposed, she supported amending the legislation to allow the English to vote in the <a href="/wiki/1979_Scottish_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Scottish devolution referendum">1979 referendum</a> on Scottish devolution.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> Britain's economy during the 1970s was so weak that then Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a> warned his fellow Labour Cabinet members in 1974 of the possibility of "a breakdown of democracy", telling them: "If I were a young man, I would emigrate."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2010chpt._7-116">[110]</a> In mid-1978, the economy began to recover, and opinion polls showed Labour in the lead, with a general election being expected later that year and a Labour win a serious possibility. Now prime minister, Callaghan surprised many by announcing on 7 September that there would be no general election that year and that he would wait until 1979 before going to the polls. Thatcher reacted to this by branding the Labour government "chickens", and Liberal Party leader David Steel joined in, criticising Labour for "running scared".<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> The Labour government then faced fresh public unease about the direction of the country and a damaging series of strikes during the winter of 1978–79, dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a>". The Conservatives attacked the Labour government's unemployment record, using advertising with the slogan "<a href="/wiki/Labour_Isn%27t_Working" title="Labour Isn't Working">Labour Isn't Working</a>". A <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">general election</a> was called after the Callaghan ministry <a href="/wiki/1979_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Callaghan_ministry" title="1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry">lost a motion of no confidence</a> in early 1979. The Conservatives won a 44-seat majority in the House of Commons, and Thatcher became the first female British prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButlerKavanagh1980199-118">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Iron_Lady"">"Iron Lady"</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Britain_Awake" title="Britain Awake">Britain Awake</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">1976 speech to Finchley Conservatives</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation speech cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111324">Speech to Finchley Conservatives (admits to being an "Iron Lady")</a> (Speech) – via the Margaret Thatcher Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+Finchley+Conservatives+%28admits+to+being+an+%22Iron+Lady%22%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F111324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-Iron_Lady-119">[113]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I stand before you tonight in my Red Star chiffon evening gown, my face softly made up and my fair hair gently waved, the Iron Lady of the Western world.<a href="#cite_note-Iron_Lady-119">[113]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Thatcher embracing her Soviet nickname in 1976</cite></div></blockquote> In 1976, Thatcher gave her "Britain Awake" foreign policy speech which lambasted the Soviet Union, saying it was "bent on world dominance".<a href="#cite_note-britain-awake-120">[114]</a> The Soviet Army journal <a href="/wiki/Krasnaya_Zvezda" title="Krasnaya Zvezda">Red Star</a> reported her stance in a piece headlined "Iron Lady Raises Fears",<a href="#cite_note-Gavrilov-121">[115]</a> alluding to her remarks on the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-britain-awake-120">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> covered the Red Star article the next day,<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> and Thatcher embraced the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epithet" class="extiw" title="wikt:epithet">epithet</a> a week later; in a speech to Finchley Conservatives she likened it to the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a>'s nickname "Iron Duke".<a href="#cite_note-Iron_Lady-119">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Iron_(metaphor)" title="Iron (metaphor)">"Iron" metaphor</a> followed her throughout ever since,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1984115Kaplan200060-123">[117]</a> and would become a generic <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> for other strong-willed female politicians.<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–1990)">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership of Margaret Thatcher</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/First_Thatcher_ministry" title="First Thatcher ministry">First Thatcher ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">second Thatcher ministry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Third_Thatcher_ministry" title="Third Thatcher ministry">third Thatcher ministry</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">1979 remarks on becoming prime minister</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Downing_Street_235.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/10_Downing_Street_235.jpg/220px-10_Downing_Street_235.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/10_Downing_Street_235.jpg/330px-10_Downing_Street_235.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/10_Downing_Street_235.jpg/440px-10_Downing_Street_235.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2706" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1979</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation speech cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/115355">Remarks on becoming Prime Minister (St Francis's prayer)</a> (Speech) – via the Margaret Thatcher Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+on+becoming+Prime+Minister+%28St+Francis%27s+prayer%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F115355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-Prayer-125">[119]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Thatcher became prime minister on 4 May 1979. Arriving at <a href="/wiki/Downing_Street" title="Downing Street">Downing Street</a> she said, paraphrasing the <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Francis" title="Prayer of Saint Francis">Prayer of Saint Francis</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> Where there is discord, may we bring harmony; Where there is error, may we bring truth; Where there is doubt, may we bring faith; And where there is despair, may we bring hope.<a href="#cite_note-Prayer-125">[119]</a> </div></blockquote> In office throughout the 1980s, Thatcher was frequently referred to as the most powerful woman in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBern198743Ogden19909,_12-126">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_affairs">Domestic affairs</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minorities">Minorities</h4></div> Thatcher was the Opposition leader and prime minister at a time of increased racial tension in Britain. During the <a href="/wiki/1977_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1977 United Kingdom local elections">1977 local elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> commented: "The Tory tide swamped the smaller parties – specifically the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front [NF]</a>, which suffered a clear decline from last year."<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> Her standing in the polls had risen by 11% after a 1978 interview for <a href="/wiki/World_in_Action" title="World in Action">World in Action</a> in which she said "the British character has done so much for democracy, for law and done so much throughout the world that if there is any fear that it might be swamped people are going to react and be rather hostile to those coming in", as well as "in many ways [minorities] add to the richness and variety of this country. The moment the minority threatens to become a big one, people get frightened".<a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives had attracted votes from the NF, whose support almost collapsed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200326Ward2004128-133">[127]</a> In a July 1979 meeting with Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Lord_Carrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Carrington">Lord Carrington</a> and Home Secretary William Whitelaw, Thatcher objected to the number of Asian immigrants, in the context of limiting the total of <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_boat_people" title="Vietnamese boat people">Vietnamese boat people</a> allowed to settle in the UK to fewer than 10,000 over two years.<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Queen">The Queen</h4></div> As prime minister, Thatcher met weekly with <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> to discuss government business, and their relationship came under scrutiny.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200328Seward2001154-135">[129]</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a</a>, p. 464) states: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">One question that continued to fascinate the public about the phenomenon of a woman Prime Minister was how she got on with the Queen. The answer is that their relations were punctiliously correct, but there was little love lost on either side. As two women of very similar age – Mrs Thatcher was six months older – occupying parallel positions at the top of the social pyramid, one the head of government, the other head of state, they were bound to be in some sense rivals. Mrs Thatcher's attitude to the Queen was ambivalent. On the one hand she had an almost mystical reverence for the institution of the monarchy [...] Yet at the same time she was trying to modernise the country and sweep away many of the values and practices which the monarchy perpetuated.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shea_(diplomat)" title="Michael Shea (diplomat)">Michael Shea</a>, the Queen's press secretary, in 1986 leaked stories of a deep rift to The Sunday Times. He said that she felt Thatcher's policies were "uncaring, confrontational and socially divisive".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPimlott1996460–463,_484,_509–514-136">[130]</a> Thatcher later wrote: "I always found the Queen's attitude towards the work of the Government absolutely correct [...] stories of clashes between 'two powerful women' were just too good not to make up."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher199318-137">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy_and_taxation">Economy and taxation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/June_1979_United_Kingdom_budget" title="June 1979 United Kingdom budget">1979 budget</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232966811">.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style> <table class="wikitable mw-datatable floatright" style="font-size: smaller; margin: 0 0 1.5em 1.5em;"> <caption style="font-size: larger; text-align: right;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Margaret_Thatcher/datatable" title="Template:Margaret Thatcher/datatable"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Margaret_Thatcher/datatable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Margaret Thatcher/datatable (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret_Thatcher/datatable" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret Thatcher/datatable"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" height="40" style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; line-height: normal; text-align: center;" class="table-rh">Economic growth and public spending <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">% change in <a href="/wiki/Real_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Real terms">real terms</a>: 1979/80 to 1989/90 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; width: 15em;" class="table-rh">Economic growth (GDP) </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right; width: 5em;">+23.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Total government spending </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+12.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Law and order </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+53.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Employment and training </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+33.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> NHS </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+31.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Social security </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+31.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Education </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+13.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Defence </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+9.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Environment </th> <td style="color: green; text-align: right;">+7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Transport </th> <td style="color: red; text-align: right;">−5.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Trade and industry </th> <td style="color: red; text-align: right;">−38.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"> Housing </th> <td style="color: red; text-align: right;">−67.0 </td></tr> </tbody><caption style="caption-side: bottom; font-weight: normal; text-align: right;">Source: <a href="#CITEREFStewart2013">Stewart (2013</a>, Appendix) </caption></table> Thatcher's economic policy was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Monetarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetarist">monetarist</a> thinking and economists such as <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Walters" title="Alan Walters">Alan Walters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2006185-138">[132]</a> Together with her first <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">chancellor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a>, she lowered direct taxes on income and increased indirect taxes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200330-139">[133]</a> She increased interest rates to slow the growth of the money supply, and thereby lower inflation;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2006185-138">[132]</a> introduced cash limits on public spending and reduced expenditure on social services such as education and housing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200330-139">[133]</a> Cuts to higher education led to Thatcher being the first <a href="/wiki/Oxonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxonian">Oxonian</a> post-war prime minister without an honorary doctorate from Oxford University after a 738–319 vote of the governing assembly and a student petition.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> Some Heathite Conservatives in the Cabinet, the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Wets" class="mw-redirect" title="Wets">wets</a>", expressed doubt over Thatcher's policies.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1981_England_riots" title="1981 England riots">1981 England riots</a> resulted in the British media discussing the need for a <a href="/wiki/Flip-flop_(politics)" title="Flip-flop (politics)">policy U-turn</a>. At the 1980 Conservative Party conference, Thatcher addressed the issue directly with a speech written by the playwright <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Millar" title="Ronald Millar">Ronald Millar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2007224-142">[136]</a> that notably included the following lines:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catchphrase, the "U" turn, I have only one thing to say. "You turn if you want to. <a href="/wiki/The_lady%27s_not_for_turning" title="The lady's not for turning">The lady's not for turning</a>."<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1981 United Kingdom budget">1981 budget</a></div> Thatcher's job approval rating fell to 23% by December 1980, lower than recorded for any previous prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornton200418-144">[138]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">recession of the early 1980s</a> deepened, she increased taxes,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200331-145">[139]</a> despite concerns expressed in a March 1981 statement signed by 364 leading economists,<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> which argued there was "no basis in economic theory [...] for the Government's belief that by deflating demand they will bring inflation permanently under control", adding that "present policies will deepen the depression, erode the industrial base of our economy and threaten its social and political stability".<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg/220px-Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg/330px-Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg/440px-Margaret_Thatcher_visiting_Salford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2131" data-file-height="1502" /></a><figcaption>Visiting <a href="/wiki/Salford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford University">Salford University</a> in 1982</figcaption></figure> By 1982, the UK began to experience signs of economic recovery;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloudJohnson2004392-148">[142]</a> inflation was down to 8.6% from a high of 18%, but unemployment was over 3 million for the first time since the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> By 1983, overall economic growth was stronger, and inflation and mortgage rates had fallen to their lowest levels in 13 years, although manufacturing employment as a share of total employment fell to just over 30%,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowthornWells1987234-150">[144]</a> with total unemployment remaining high, peaking at 3.3 million in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> During the 1982 Conservative Party Conference, Thatcher said: "We have done more to roll back the frontiers of socialism than any previous Conservative Government."<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> She said at the Party Conference the following year that the British people had completely rejected <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a> and understood "the state has no source of money other than money which people earn themselves [...] There is no such thing as public money; there is only taxpayers' money."<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> By 1987, unemployment was falling, the economy was stable and strong, and inflation was low. Opinion polls showed a comfortable Conservative lead, and <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1987 United Kingdom local elections">local council election</a> results had also been successful, prompting Thatcher to call a general election for 11 June that year, despite the deadline for an election still being 12 months away. The <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">election</a> saw Thatcher re-elected for a third successive term.<a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> Thatcher had been firmly opposed to British membership of the <a href="/wiki/Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange Rate Mechanism">Exchange Rate Mechanism</a> (ERM, a precursor to <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Economic and Monetary Union">European Economic and Monetary Union</a>), believing that it would constrain the British economy,<a href="#cite_note-ecc-155">[149]</a> despite the urging of both Chancellor of the Exchequer <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Nigel Lawson</a> and Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1993712-156">[150]</a> in October 1990 she was persuaded by <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>, Lawson's successor as chancellor, to join the ERM at what proved to be too high a rate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007484-157">[151]</a> Thatcher reformed local government taxes by replacing <a href="/wiki/Rates_(tax)" title="Rates (tax)">domestic rates</a> (a tax based on the nominal rental value of a home) with the <a href="/wiki/Community_Charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Charge">Community Charge</a> (or poll tax) in which the same amount was charged to each adult resident.<a href="#cite_note-polltax-158">[152]</a> The new tax was introduced in Scotland in 1989 and in England and Wales the following year,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200387–88-159">[153]</a> and proved to be among the most unpopular policies of her premiership.<a href="#cite_note-polltax-158">[152]</a> Public disquiet culminated in a 70,000 to 200,000-strong<a href="#cite_note-trafalgarsq_num-160">[154]</a> demonstration in London in March 1990; the demonstration around <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> deteriorated into <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">riots</a>, leaving 113 people injured and 340 under arrest.<a href="#cite_note-otd_pt-161">[155]</a> The Community Charge was abolished in 1991 by her successor, John Major.<a href="#cite_note-otd_pt-161">[155]</a> It has since transpired that Thatcher herself had failed to register for the tax and was threatened with financial penalties if she did not return her form.<a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industrial_relations">Industrial relations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/GCHQ_trade_union_ban" title="GCHQ trade union ban">GCHQ trade union ban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Civil_Service_Unions_v_Minister_for_the_Civil_Service" title="Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service">the GCHQ case</a></div> Thatcher believed that the <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">trade unions</a> were harmful to both ordinary trade unionists and the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a89–90-163">[157]</a> She was committed to reducing the power of the unions, whose leadership she accused of undermining parliamentary democracy and economic performance through strike action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher199397–98,_339–340-164">[158]</a> Several unions launched strikes in response to legislation introduced to limit their power, but resistance eventually collapsed.<a href="#cite_note-thatcher-cw-165">[159]</a> Only 39% of union members voted Labour in the 1983 general election.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> According to the BBC's political correspondent in 2004, Thatcher "managed to destroy the power of the trade unions for almost a generation".<a href="#cite_note-bbcstrike-167">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Miners%27_strike_of_1984%E2%80%9385" class="mw-redirect" title="Miners' strike of 1984–85">miners' strike of 1984–85</a> was the biggest and most devastating confrontation between the unions and the Thatcher government.<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg/220px-Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg/330px-Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg/440px-Miners_strike_rally_London_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Pro-strike rally in London, 1984</figcaption></figure> In March 1984, the <a href="/wiki/National_Coal_Board" title="National Coal Board">National Coal Board</a> (NCB) proposed to close 20 of the 174 state-owned mines and cut 20,000 jobs out of 187,000.<a href="#cite_note-Glass-169">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Black-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-pits-closed-171">[165]</a> Two-thirds of the country's miners, led by the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">National Union of Mineworkers</a> (NUM) under <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a>, went on strike in protest.<a href="#cite_note-Glass-169">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-thatcher-num-172">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jones-173">[167]</a> However, Scargill refused to hold a ballot on the strike,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd198888–89-174">[168]</a> having previously lost three ballots on a national strike (in January and October 1982, and March 1983).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd1988169-175">[169]</a> This led to the strike being declared illegal by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd1988170-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> Thatcher refused to meet the union's demands and compared the miners' dispute to the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, declaring in a speech in 1984: "We had to fight the enemy without in the Falklands. We always have to be aware of the enemy within, which is much more difficult to fight and more dangerous to liberty."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhabaz2006226-178">[172]</a> Thatcher's opponents characterised her words as indicating contempt for the working class and have been employed in criticism of her ever since.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2015164-179">[173]</a> After a year out on strike in March 1985, the NUM leadership conceded without a deal. The cost to the economy was estimated to be at least £1.5 billion, and the strike was blamed for much of the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound</a>'s fall against the US dollar.<a href="#cite_note-Harper-180">[174]</a> Thatcher reflected on the end of the strike in her statement that "if anyone has won", it was "the miners who stayed at work" and all those "that have kept Britain going".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2015178-181">[175]</a> The government closed 25 unprofitable coal mines in 1985, and by 1992 a total of 97 mines had been closed;<a href="#cite_note-pits-closed-171">[165]</a> those that remained were privatised in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> The resulting closure of 150 coal mines, some of which were not losing money, resulted in the loss of tens of thousands of jobs and had the effect of devastating entire communities.<a href="#cite_note-pits-closed-171">[165]</a> Strikes had helped bring down Heath's government, and Thatcher was determined to succeed where he had failed. Her strategy of preparing fuel stocks, appointing hardliner <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacGregor" title="Ian MacGregor">Ian MacGregor</a> as NCB leader and ensuring that police were adequately trained and equipped with riot gear contributed to her triumph over the striking miners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007411-183">[177]</a> The number of stoppages across the UK peaked at 4,583 in 1979, when more than 29 million working days had been lost. In 1984, the year of the miners' strike, there were 1,221, resulting in the loss of more than 27 million working days. Stoppages then fell steadily throughout the rest of Thatcher's premiership; in 1990, there were 630 and fewer than 2 million working days lost, and they continued to fall thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1994375-184">[178]</a> Thatcher's tenure also witnessed a sharp decline in trade union density, with the percentage of workers belonging to a trade union falling from 57.3% in 1979 to 49.5% in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaybourn1992208-185">[179]</a> In 1979 up until Thatcher's final year in office, trade union membership also fell, from 13.5 million in 1979 to fewer than 10 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrell1994127-186">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Privatisation">Privatisation</h4></div> The policy of <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> has been called "a crucial ingredient of Thatcherism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldonCollings200027-187">[181]</a> After the 1983 election, the sale of state utilities accelerated;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeigenbaumHenigHamnett199871-188">[182]</a> more than £29 billion was raised from the sale of nationalised industries, and another £18 billion from the sale of council houses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007428-189">[183]</a> The process of privatisation, especially the preparation of nationalised industries for privatisation, was associated with marked improvements in performance, particularly in terms of <a href="/wiki/Labour_productivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour productivity">labour productivity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerMartin1995-190">[184]</a> Some of the privatised industries, including gas, <a href="/wiki/Water_privatisation_in_England_and_Wales" title="Water privatisation in England and Wales">water</a>, and electricity, were <a href="/wiki/Natural_monopolies" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural monopolies">natural monopolies</a> for which privatisation involved little increase in competition. The privatised industries that demonstrated improvement sometimes did so while still under state ownership. <a href="/wiki/British_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Steel Corporation">British Steel Corporation</a> had made great gains in profitability while still a nationalised industry under the government-appointed MacGregor chairmanship, which faced down trade-union opposition to close plants and halve the workforce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirby2006-191">[185]</a> Regulation was also significantly expanded to compensate for the loss of direct government control, with the foundation of regulatory bodies such as <a href="/wiki/Oftel" title="Oftel">Oftel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_1984" title="Telecommunications Act 1984">1984</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ofgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofgas">Ofgas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gas_Act_1986" title="Gas Act 1986">1986</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/National_Rivers_Authority" title="National Rivers Authority">National Rivers Authority</a> (<a href="/wiki/Water_Act_1989" title="Water Act 1989">1989</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeljanovski1990291–304-192">[186]</a> There was no clear pattern to the degree of competition, regulation, and performance among the privatised industries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerMartin1995-190">[184]</a> In most cases, privatisation benefited consumers in terms of lower prices and improved efficiency but results overall have been mixed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleese2004169–70-193">[187]</a> Not all privatised companies have had successful share price trajectories in the longer term.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> A 2010 review by the IEA states: "[I]t does seem to be the case that once competition and/or effective regulation was introduced, performance improved markedly [...] But I hasten to emphasise again that the literature is not unanimous."<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> Thatcher always resisted <a href="/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail" title="Privatisation of British Rail">privatising British Rail</a> and was said to have told Transport Secretary <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley,_Baron_Ridley_of_Liddesdale" title="Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale">Nicholas Ridley</a>: "Railway privatisation will be the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Waterloo#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:Waterloo">Waterloo</a> of this government. Please never mention the railways to me again." Shortly before her resignation in 1990, she accepted the arguments for privatisation, which her successor John Major implemented in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007495-196">[190]</a> The privatisation of public assets was combined with <a href="/wiki/Deregulation#United_Kingdom" title="Deregulation">financial deregulation</a> to fuel economic growth. Chancellor Geoffrey Howe abolished the UK's exchange controls in 1979,<a href="#cite_note-Robertson-197">[191]</a> which allowed more capital to be invested in foreign markets, and the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang_(financial_markets)" title="Big Bang (financial markets)">Big Bang</a> of 1986 removed many restrictions on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robertson-197">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Margaret and Denis Thatcher on a visit to Northern Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg/220px-Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg/330px-Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg/440px-Margaret_Thatcher_on_a_visit_to_Northern_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2596" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption>Visiting Northern Ireland in 1982</figcaption></figure> In 1980 and 1981, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> (PIRA) and <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a> (INLA) prisoners in Northern Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Maze_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze Prison">Maze Prison</a> carried out <a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">hunger strikes</a> to regain the status of political prisoners that had been removed in 1976 by the preceding Labour government.<a href="#cite_note-strike-198">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a> began the 1981 strike, saying that he would fast until death unless prison inmates won concessions over their living conditions.<a href="#cite_note-strike-198">[192]</a> Thatcher refused to countenance a return to political status for the prisoners, having declared "Crime is crime is crime; it is not political".<a href="#cite_note-strike-198">[192]</a> Nevertheless, the British government privately contacted republican leaders in a bid to bring the hunger strikes to an end.<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> After the deaths of Sands and nine others, the strike ended. Some rights were restored to paramilitary prisoners, but not official recognition of political status.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN-hs-200">[194]</a> Violence in Northern Ireland escalated significantly during the hunger strikes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglish2005207–08-201">[195]</a> Thatcher narrowly escaped injury in an IRA <a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">assassination attempt</a> at a Brighton hotel early in the morning on 12 October 1984.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-bomb-202">[196]</a> Five people were killed, including the wife of minister <a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">John Wakeham</a>. Thatcher was staying at the hotel to prepare for the Conservative Party conference, which she insisted should open as scheduled the following day.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-bomb-202">[196]</a> She delivered her speech as planned,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1993379–383-203">[197]</a> though rewritten from her original draft,<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a> in a move that was supported across the political spectrum and enhanced her popularity with the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanoueHeadrick1998-205">[199]</a> On 6 November 1981, Thatcher and <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> (Irish prime minister) <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> had established the Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Council, a forum for meetings between the two governments.<a href="#cite_note-CAIN-hs-200">[194]</a> On 15 November 1985, Thatcher and FitzGerald signed the Hillsborough <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a>, which marked the first time a British government had given the Republic of Ireland an advisory role in the governance of Northern Ireland. In protest, the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Says_No" title="Ulster Says No">Ulster Says No</a> movement led by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a> attracted 100,000 to a rally in Belfast,<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gow" title="Ian Gow">Ian Gow</a>, later assassinated by the PIRA, resigned as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a> in <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a>,<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney2002336-208">[202]</a> and all 15 Unionist MPs resigned their parliamentary seats; only one was not returned in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1979%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1979–2010)">by-elections</a> on 23 January 1986.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochrane1997143-209">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> Thatcher supported an active <a href="/wiki/Climate_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate protection">climate protection</a> policy; she was instrumental in the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Act_1990" title="Environmental Protection Act 1990">Environmental Protection Act 1990</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETewdwr-Jones200347-210">[204]</a> the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Hadley_Centre_for_Climate_Research_and_Prediction" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadley Centre for Climate Research and Prediction">Hadley Centre for Climate Research and Prediction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Harrabin-212">[206]</a> and the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Protocol" title="Montreal Protocol">Montreal Protocol</a> on preserving the <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> Thatcher helped to put <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a> and general pollution in the British mainstream in the late 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-Harrabin-212">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a642-214">[208]</a> calling for a global treaty on climate change in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a> Her speeches included one to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in 1988,<a href="#cite_note-216">[210]</a> followed by another to the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> in 1989. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher sitting with Jimmy Carter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg/200px-Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg/300px-Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg/400px-Thatcher_at_Oval_Office_desk_with_Carter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="705" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">With <a href="/wiki/President_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="President Carter">President Carter</a> in the Oval Office, 1979</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher sitting with Ronald Reagan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg/200px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg/300px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg/400px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Prime_Minister_Margaret_Thatcher_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2651" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">With <a href="/wiki/President_Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="President Reagan">President Reagan</a> in the Oval Office, 1988</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher standing with George H. W. Bush" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg/200px-Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg/300px-Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg/400px-Thatcher_and_Bush_-_1990_-_P14935-18A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="831" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">With <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">President Bush</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aspen,_Colorado" title="Aspen, Colorado">Aspen, Colorado</a>, 1990</div></div></div></div></div> Thatcher appointed Lord Carrington, an ennobled member of the party and former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a>, to run the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a> in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkedCook1993364–422-217">[211]</a> Although considered a "wet", he avoided domestic affairs and got along well with Thatcher. One issue was what to do with <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>, where the white minority had determined to rule the prosperous, black-majority breakaway colony in the face of overwhelming international criticism. With the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> collapse in the continent, South Africa (which had been Rhodesia's chief supporter) realised that their ally was a liability; black rule was inevitable, and the Thatcher government brokered a peaceful solution to end the <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a> in December 1979 via the <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. The conference at Lancaster House was attended by Rhodesian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a>, as well as by the key black leaders: <a href="/wiki/Muzorewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzorewa">Muzorewa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mugabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mugabe">Mugabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Nkomo" title="Joshua Nkomo">Nkomo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tongogara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongogara">Tongogara</a>. The result was the new Zimbabwean nation under black rule in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1980Soames1980-218">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h4></div> Thatcher's first foreign-policy crisis came with the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a>. She condemned the invasion, said it showed the bankruptcy of a <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a> policy and helped convince some British athletes to boycott the <a href="/wiki/1980_Moscow_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Moscow Olympics">1980 Moscow Olympics</a>. She gave weak support to US president Jimmy Carter who tried to punish the USSR with economic sanctions. Britain's economic situation was precarious, and most of NATO was reluctant to cut trade ties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELahey2013-219">[213]</a> Thatcher nevertheless gave the go-ahead for <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> to approve <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a> (along with the SAS) to undertake <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="United Kingdom in the Soviet–Afghan War">"disruptive action" in Afghanistan</a>.<span_class="plainlinks">[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmi6insidecovertw00dorrpage752_752]_<span_style="position:relative;_top:_-2px;">[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|9px|link=Paywall|closed_access_publication_–_behind_paywall|alt=Closed_access_icon]]_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorril2002<span_class="nowrap"><span_class="plainlinks">[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmi6insidecovertw00dorrpage752_752]_<span_style="position:relative;_top:_-2px;">[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|9px|link=Paywall|closed_access_publication_–_behind_paywall|alt=Closed_access_icon]]-220">[214]</a> As well as working with the CIA in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Operation Cyclone</a>, they also supplied weapons, training and intelligence to the <a href="/wiki/Mujaheddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujaheddin">mujaheddin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECormac2018233–36-221">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> reported in 2011 that her government had secretly supplied <a href="/wiki/Iraq_under_Saddam_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq under Saddam Hussein">Iraq under Saddam Hussein</a> with <a href="/wiki/British_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_war" class="mw-redirect" title="British support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq war">"non-lethal" military equipment since 1981</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thatcher_Hussein_secret-222">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> Having withdrawn formal recognition from the <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Pol Pot regime">Pol Pot regime</a> in 1979,<a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> the Thatcher government backed the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> keeping their UN seat after they were ousted from power in Cambodia by the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a>. Although Thatcher denied it at the time,<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> it was revealed in 1991 that, while not directly training any Khmer Rouge,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville201620-226">[220]</a> from 1983 the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a> (SAS) was sent to secretly train "the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Government_of_Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea">Cambodian non-communist resistance</a>" that remained loyal to Prince <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> and his former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Son_Sann" title="Son Sann">Son Sann</a> in the fight against the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">Vietnamese-backed puppet regime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a> Thatcher was one of the first Western leaders to respond warmly to reformist Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>. Following Reagan–Gorbachev summit meetings and reforms enacted by Gorbachev in the USSR, she declared in November 1988 that "[w]e're not in a Cold War now" but rather in a "new relationship much wider than the Cold War ever was".<a href="#cite_note-reforms1988-229">[223]</a> She went on a state visit to the Soviet Union in 1984 and met with Gorbachev and Council of Ministers chairman <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ryzhkov" title="Nikolai Ryzhkov">Nikolai Ryzhkov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemcovFarrar1989138-230">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ties_with_the_US">Ties with the US</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg/260px-Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg/390px-Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg/520px-Reagan-Thatcher_cabinet_talks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2033" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Meeting <a href="/wiki/Reagan%27s_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan's cabinet">Reagan's cabinet</a> with ministers in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Cabinet_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Cabinet Room">White House Cabinet Room</a>, 1981</figcaption></figure> Despite opposite personalities, Thatcher bonded quickly with US president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[nb 7]</a> She gave strong support to the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Cold War policies</a> based on their shared <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">distrust of communism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thatcher-cw-165">[159]</a> A sharp disagreement came in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her on the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Grenada">invasion of Grenada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2001-232">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[226]</a> During her first year as prime minister, she supported <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s decision to deploy US nuclear <a href="/wiki/BGM-109G_Ground_Launched_Cruise_Missile" title="BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile">cruise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pershing_II" title="Pershing II">Pershing II</a> missiles in Western Europe,<a href="#cite_note-thatcher-cw-165">[159]</a> permitting the US to station more than 160 cruise missiles at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Greenham_Common" title="RAF Greenham Common">RAF Greenham Common</a>, starting in November 1983 and triggering mass protests by the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thatcher-cw-165">[159]</a> She bought the <a href="/wiki/Trident_nuclear_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Trident nuclear missile">Trident nuclear missile</a> submarine system from the US to replace Polaris, tripling the UK's nuclear forces<a href="#cite_note-234">[227]</a> at an eventual cost of more than £12 billion (at 1996–97 prices).<a href="#cite_note-235">[228]</a> Thatcher's preference for defence ties with the US was demonstrated in the <a href="/wiki/Westland_affair" title="Westland affair">Westland affair</a> of 1985–86 when she acted with colleagues to allow the struggling helicopter manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Westland_Helicopters" title="Westland Helicopters">Westland</a> to refuse a takeover offer from the Italian firm <a href="/wiki/Agusta" title="Agusta">Agusta</a> in favour of the management's preferred option, a link with <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky Aircraft</a>. Defence Secretary <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a>, who had supported the Agusta deal, resigned from the government in protest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007419-236">[229]</a> In April 1986 she permitted US <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">F-111s</a> to use <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> bases for the <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya" title="1986 United States bombing of Libya">bombing of Libya</a> in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin_discotheque_bombing" title="West Berlin discotheque bombing">Libyan bombing of a Berlin discothèque</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cannon-237">[230]</a> citing the right of self-defence under <a href="/wiki/Chapter_VII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter">Article 51 of the UN Charter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[nb 8]</a> Polls suggested that fewer than one in three British citizens approved of her decision.<a href="#cite_note-241">[233]</a> Thatcher was in the US on a state visit when Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">invaded Kuwait</a> in August 1990.<a href="#cite_note-gw-pbs-242">[234]</a> During her talks with President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, who succeeded Reagan in 1989, she recommended intervention,<a href="#cite_note-gw-pbs-242">[234]</a> and put pressure on Bush to deploy troops in the Middle East to drive the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a> out of Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-243">[235]</a> Bush was apprehensive about the plan, prompting Thatcher to remark to him during a telephone conversation: "This was no time to go wobbly!"<a href="#cite_note-244">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[237]</a> Thatcher's government supplied military forces to the international coalition in the build-up to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, but she had resigned by the time hostilities began on 17 January 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken2013600–601-246">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-grice-247">[239]</a> She applauded the coalition victory on the backbenches, while warning that "the victories of peace will take longer than the battles of war".<a href="#cite_note-248">[240]</a> It was disclosed in 2017 that Thatcher had suggested threatening Saddam with <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapons</a> after the invasion of Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-249">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crisis_in_the_South_Atlantic">Crisis in the South Atlantic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rejoice_(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="Rejoice (Margaret Thatcher)">"Rejoice"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana_Gould%E2%80%93Margaret_Thatcher_exchange" title="Diana Gould–Margaret Thatcher exchange">the Diana Gould exchange</a></div> On 2 April 1982, the ruling <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">military junta in Argentina</a> ordered the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Events_leading_to_the_Falklands_War" title="Events leading to the Falklands War">triggering the Falklands War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198921-251">[243]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Occupation of the Falkland Islands">subsequent crisis</a> was "a defining moment of [Thatcher's] premiership".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackling2005230-252">[244]</a> At the suggestion of Harold Macmillan and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Armstrong,_Baron_Armstrong_of_Ilminster" title="Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster">Robert Armstrong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackling2005230-252">[244]</a> she set up and chaired a small <a href="/wiki/War_cabinet#Falklands_War" title="War cabinet">War Cabinet</a> (formally called ODSA, Overseas and Defence committee, South Atlantic) to oversee the conduct of the war,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins198380–81-253">[245]</a> which by 5–6 April had authorised and dispatched <a href="/wiki/British_naval_forces_in_the_Falklands_War" class="mw-redirect" title="British naval forces in the Falklands War">a naval task force</a> to retake the islands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins198395-254">[246]</a> Argentina <a href="/wiki/Argentine_surrender_in_the_Falklands_War" title="Argentine surrender in the Falklands War">surrendered on 14 June</a> and Operation Corporate was hailed a success, notwithstanding the deaths of 255 British servicemen and three Falkland Islanders. Argentine fatalities totalled 649, half of them after the nuclear-powered submarine <a href="/wiki/HMS_Conqueror_(S48)" title="HMS Conqueror (S48)">HMS Conqueror</a> torpedoed and sank the cruiser <a href="/wiki/ARA_General_Belgrano" title="ARA General Belgrano">ARA General Belgrano</a> on 2 May.<a href="#cite_note-liberation-255">[247]</a> Thatcher was criticised for the neglect of the Falklands' defence that led to the war, and especially by Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Tam_Dalyell" title="Tam Dalyell">Tam Dalyell</a> in Parliament for the decision to torpedo the General Belgrano, but overall, she was considered a competent and committed war leader.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins1983335–336-256">[248]</a> The "<a href="/wiki/Falklands_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Falklands factor">Falklands factor</a>", an economic recovery beginning early in 1982, and a bitterly divided opposition all contributed to Thatcher's second election victory in <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESandersWardMarsh1987-257">[249]</a> Thatcher frequently referred after the war to the "Falklands spirit";<a href="#cite_note-258">[250]</a> <a href="#CITEREFHastingsJenkins1983">Hastings & Jenkins (1983</a>, p. 329) suggests that this reflected her preference for the streamlined decision-making of her War Cabinet over the painstaking deal-making of peacetime <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet government">cabinet government</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Negotiating_Hong_Kong">Negotiating Hong Kong</h4></div> In September 1982, she visited China to discuss with <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereignty of Hong Kong">sovereignty of Hong Kong</a> after 1997. China was the first communist state Thatcher had visited as prime minister, and she was the first British prime minister to visit China. Throughout their meeting, she sought the PRC's agreement to a continued British presence in the territory. Deng insisted that the PRC's sovereignty over Hong Kong was non-negotiable but stated his willingness to settle the sovereignty issue with the British government through formal negotiations. Both governments promised to maintain Hong Kong's stability and prosperity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYahuda1996155-259">[251]</a> After the two-year negotiations, Thatcher conceded to the PRC government and signed the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a> in Beijing in 1984, agreeing to hand over Hong Kong's sovereignty in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan2003116-260">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apartheid_in_South_Africa">Apartheid in South Africa</h4></div> Despite saying that she was in favour of "peaceful negotiations" to end <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-261">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[254]</a> Thatcher opposed <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">sanctions imposed on South Africa</a> by the Commonwealth and the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a322-263">[255]</a> She attempted to preserve trade with South Africa while persuading its government to abandon apartheid. This included "[c]asting herself as <a href="/wiki/President_Botha" class="mw-redirect" title="President Botha">President Botha</a>'s candid friend" and inviting him to visit the UK in 1984,<a href="#cite_note-Hanning-264">[256]</a> despite the "inevitable demonstrations" against his government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a325-265">[257]</a> Alan Merrydew of the Canadian broadcaster <a href="/wiki/BCTV_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BCTV News">BCTV News</a> asked Thatcher what her response was "to a reported ANC statement that they will target British firms in South Africa?" to which she later replied: "[...] when the ANC says that they will target British companies [...] This shows what a typical terrorist organisation it is. I fought terrorism all my life and if more people fought it, and we were all more successful, we should not have it and I hope that everyone in this hall will think it is right to go on fighting terrorism."<a href="#cite_note-266">[258]</a> During his visit to Britain five months after his release from prison, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> praised Thatcher: "She is an enemy of apartheid [...] We have much to thank her for."<a href="#cite_note-Hanning-264">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">1988 speech to the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation speech cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/113688">Speech to the College of Europe ('The Bruges Speech')</a> (Speech) – via the Margaret Thatcher Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+the+College+of+Europe+%28%27The+Bruges+Speech%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F113688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-Bruges-267">[259]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Thatcher and her party supported British membership of the EEC in the <a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975 national referendum</a><a href="#cite_note-upi19750604-268">[260]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> of 1986, and obtained the <a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK rebate</a> on contributions,<a href="#cite_note-kuper20190620-269">[261]</a> but she believed that the role of the organisation should be limited to ensuring free trade and effective competition, and feared that the EEC approach was at odds with her views on smaller government and deregulation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESenden20049-270">[262]</a> Believing that the single market would result in political integration,<a href="#cite_note-kuper20190620-269">[261]</a> Thatcher's opposition to further <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> became more pronounced during her premiership and particularly after her third government in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-271">[263]</a> In her Bruges speech in 1988, Thatcher outlined her opposition to proposals from the EEC,<a href="#cite_note-Bruges-267">[259]</a> forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, for a federal structure and increased centralisation of decision-making:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain, only to see them re-imposed at a European level, with a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESenden20049-270">[262]</a></blockquote> Sharing the concerns of French president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>,<a href="#cite_note-272">[264]</a> Thatcher was initially opposed to <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>,<a href="#cite_note-274">[nb 9]</a> telling Gorbachev that it "would lead to a change to postwar borders, and we cannot allow that because such a development would undermine the stability of the whole international situation and could endanger our security". She expressed concern that a united Germany would align itself more closely with the Soviet Union and move away from NATO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGörtemaker2006198-275">[266]</a> In March 1990, Thatcher held a Chequers seminar on the subject of German reunification that was attended by members of her cabinet and historians such as <a href="/wiki/Norman_Stone" title="Norman Stone">Norman Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Urban" title="George Urban">George Urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_A._Craig" title="Gordon A. Craig">Gordon A. Craig</a>. During the seminar, Thatcher described "what Urban called 'saloon bar <a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">clichés</a>' about the German character, including '<a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">angst</a>, aggressiveness, <a href="/wiki/Assertiveness" title="Assertiveness">assertiveness</a>, bullying, <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">egotism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferiority_complex" title="Inferiority complex">inferiority complex</a> [and] <a href="/wiki/Sentimentality" title="Sentimentality">sentimentality</a>'". Those present were shocked to hear Thatcher's utterances and "appalled" at how she was "apparently unaware" about the post-war <a href="/wiki/German_collective_guilt" title="German collective guilt">German collective guilt</a> and Germans' attempts to <a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">work through their past</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a634-276">[267]</a> The words of the meeting were leaked by her foreign-policy advisor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Powell,_Baron_Powell_of_Bayswater" title="Charles Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater">Charles Powell</a> and, subsequently, her comments were met with fierce backlash and controversy.<a href="#cite_note-277">[268]</a> During the same month, German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> reassured Thatcher that he would keep her "informed of all his intentions about unification",<a href="#cite_note-Bowcott-278">[269]</a> and that he was prepared to disclose "matters which even his cabinet would not know".<a href="#cite_note-Bowcott-278">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenges_to_leadership_and_resignation">Challenges to leadership and resignation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989 Conservative Party leadership election</a> and <a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990 Conservative Party leadership election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher in a blue suit and hat, walking in front of troops" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg/170px-Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg/255px-Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg/340px-Thatcher_reviews_troops.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="1942" /></a><figcaption>Reviewing the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a> in 1990</figcaption></figure> During her premiership, Thatcher had the second-lowest average approval rating (40%) of any post-war prime minister. Since Nigel Lawson's resignation as chancellor in October 1989,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrewe1991-279">[270]</a> polls consistently showed that she was less popular than her party.<a href="#cite_note-ridley-280">[271]</a> A self-described conviction politician, Thatcher always insisted that she did not care about her poll ratings and pointed instead to her unbeaten election record.<a href="#cite_note-281">[272]</a> In December 1989, Thatcher was challenged for the leadership of the Conservative Party by the little-known backbench MP <a href="/wiki/Sir_Anthony_Meyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Anthony Meyer">Sir Anthony Meyer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89election-282">[273]</a> Of the 374 Conservative MPs eligible to vote, 314 voted for Thatcher and 33 for Meyer. Her supporters in the party viewed the result as a success and rejected suggestions that there was discontent within the party.<a href="#cite_note-89election-282">[273]</a> Opinion polls in September 1990 reported that Labour had established a 14% lead over the Conservatives,<a href="#cite_note-howe-283">[274]</a> and by November, the Conservatives had been trailing Labour for 18 months.<a href="#cite_note-ridley-280">[271]</a> These ratings, together with Thatcher's combative personality and tendency to override collegiate opinion, contributed to further discontent within her party.<a href="#cite_note-resign-nyt-284">[275]</a> In July 1989, Thatcher removed Geoffrey Howe as <a href="/wiki/Foreign_secretary_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign secretary (United Kingdom)">foreign secretary</a> after he and Lawson had forced her to agree to a plan for Britain to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">European Exchange Rate Mechanism</a> (ERM). Britain joined the ERM in October 1990. On 1 November 1990, Howe, by then the last remaining member of Thatcher's original 1979 cabinet, resigned as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">deputy prime minister</a>, ostensibly over her open hostility to moves towards <a href="/wiki/European_monetary_union" class="mw-redirect" title="European monetary union">European monetary union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-howe-283">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[276]</a> In his resignation speech on 13 November, which was instrumental in Thatcher's downfall,<a href="#cite_note-286">[277]</a> Howe attacked Thatcher's openly dismissive attitude to the government's proposal for a new European currency competing against existing currencies (a "<a href="/wiki/Hard_ECU" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard ECU">hard ECU</a>"): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">How on earth are the Chancellor and the Governor of the Bank of England, commending the hard ECU as they strive to, to be taken as serious participants in the debate against that kind of background noise? I believe that both the Chancellor and the Governor are cricketing enthusiasts, so I hope that there is no monopoly of cricketing metaphors. It is rather like sending your opening batsmen to the crease only for them to find, the moment the first balls are bowled, that their bats have been broken before the game by the team captain.<a href="#cite_note-287">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[279]</a></blockquote> On 14 November, Michael Heseltine mounted a challenge for the leadership of the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-289">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007473-290">[281]</a> Opinion polls had indicated that he would give the Conservatives a national lead over Labour.<a href="#cite_note-291">[282]</a> Although Thatcher led on the first ballot with the votes of 204 Conservative MPs (54.8%) to 152 votes (40.9%) for Heseltine, with 16 abstentions, she was four votes short of the required 15% majority. A second ballot was therefore necessary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199866-292">[283]</a> Thatcher initially declared her intention to "fight on and fight to win" the second ballot, but consultation with her cabinet persuaded her to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-resign-nyt-284">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-resign-bbc-293">[284]</a> After holding an audience with the Queen, calling other world leaders, and making one final Commons speech,<a href="#cite_note-294">[285]</a> on 28 November she left Downing Street in tears. She reportedly regarded her ousting as a betrayal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007474-295">[286]</a> Her resignation was a shock to many outside Britain, with such foreign observers as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> and Gorbachev expressing private consternation.<a href="#cite_note-296">[287]</a> Chancellor John Major replaced Thatcher as head of government and party leader, whose lead over Heseltine in the second ballot was sufficient for Heseltine to drop out. Major oversaw an upturn in Conservative support in the 17 months leading to the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a> and led the party to a fourth successive victory on 9 April 1992.<a href="#cite_note-297">[288]</a> Thatcher had lobbied for Major in the leadership contest against Heseltine, but her support for him waned in later years.<a href="#cite_note-298">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_backbenches_(1990–1992)">Return to backbenches (1990–1992)</h3></div> After leaving the premiership, Thatcher returned to the backbenches as a constituency parliamentarian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan2003118-299">[290]</a> Her domestic approval rating recovered after her resignation, though public opinion remained divided on whether her government had been good for the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrewe1991-279">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ipsos-300">[291]</a> Aged 66, she retired from the House of Commons at the 1992 general election, saying that leaving the Commons would allow her more freedom to speak her mind.<a href="#cite_note-lords-301">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Commons_(1992–2003)">Post-Commons (1992–2003)</h3></div> On leaving the Commons, Thatcher became the first former British prime minister to set up a foundation;<a href="#cite_note-302">[293]</a> the British wing of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation was dissolved in 2005 due to financial difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-303">[294]</a> She wrote two volumes of memoirs, <a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years</a> (1993) and <a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)">The Path to Power</a> (1995). In 1991, she and her husband Denis moved to a house in <a href="/wiki/Chester_Square" title="Chester Square">Chester Square</a>, a residential garden square in central London's <a href="/wiki/Belgravia" title="Belgravia">Belgravia</a> district.<a href="#cite_note-304">[295]</a> Thatcher was hired by the tobacco company <a href="/wiki/Altria" title="Altria">Philip Morris</a> as a "geopolitical consultant" in July 1992 for $250,000 per year and an annual contribution of $250,000 to her foundation.<a href="#cite_note-305">[296]</a> Thatcher earned $50,000 for each speech she delivered.<a href="#cite_note-306">[297]</a> Thatcher became an advocate of <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Slovenia">Slovenian</a> independence.<a href="#cite_note-307">[298]</a> Commenting on the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a>, in a 1991 interview for <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">Croatian Radiotelevision</a>, she was critical of Western governments for not recognising the breakaway republics of Croatia and Slovenia as independent and for not supplying them with arms after the Serbian-led <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro">Yugoslav Army</a> attacked.<a href="#cite_note-308">[299]</a> In August 1992, she called for NATO to stop the Serbian assault on <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> to end <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>, comparing the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">situation in Bosnia–Herzegovina</a> to "the <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Nazism_and_Stalinism" title="Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism">barbarities of Hitler's and Stalin's</a>".<a href="#cite_note-309">[300]</a> She made a series of speeches in the Lords criticising the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lords-301">[292]</a> describing it as "a treaty too far" and stated: "I could never have signed this treaty."<a href="#cite_note-310">[301]</a> She cited <a href="/wiki/A._V._Dicey" title="A. V. Dicey">A. V. Dicey</a> when arguing that, as all three main parties were in favour of the treaty, the people should have their say in a referendum.<a href="#cite_note-311">[302]</a> Thatcher served as honorary <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="Chancellor of the College of William & Mary">chancellor of the College of William & Mary</a> in Virginia from 1993 to 2000,<a href="#cite_note-312">[303]</a> while also serving as chancellor of the private <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">University of Buckingham</a> from 1992 to 1998,<a href="#cite_note-313">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kealey-314">[305]</a> a university she had formally opened in 1976 as the former education secretary.<a href="#cite_note-Kealey-314">[305]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">election as Labour Party leader</a> in 1994, Thatcher praised Blair as "probably the most formidable <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Labour leader</a> since <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a>", adding: "I see a lot of socialism behind their front bench, but not in Mr Blair. I think he genuinely has moved."<a href="#cite_note-315">[306]</a> Blair responded in kind: "She was a thoroughly determined person, and that is an admirable quality."<a href="#cite_note-316">[307]</a> In 1998, Thatcher called for the release of former Chilean dictator <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> when <a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet">Spain had him arrested</a> and sought to try him for human rights violations. She cited the help he gave Britain during the Falklands War.<a href="#cite_note-317">[308]</a> In 1999, she visited him while he was under house arrest near London.<a href="#cite_note-318">[309]</a> Pinochet was released in March 2000 on medical grounds by Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Jack Straw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[310]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher in a red coat, standing in the Vehicle Assembly Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Margaret_Thatcher.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Margaret_Thatcher.jpg/255px-Margaret_Thatcher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Margaret_Thatcher.jpg/340px-Margaret_Thatcher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>Touring the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> At the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001 general election</a>, Thatcher supported the Conservative campaign, as she had done in 1992 and 1997, and in the <a href="/wiki/2001_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2001 Conservative Party leadership election">Conservative leadership election</a> following its defeat, she endorsed <a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a> over <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[311]</a> In 2002 she encouraged <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> to aggressively tackle the "unfinished business" of Iraq under Saddam Hussein,<a href="#cite_note-Thatcher_NYT-321">[312]</a> and praised Blair for his "strong, bold leadership" in standing with Bush in the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thatcher_Blair_Iraq-322">[313]</a> She broached the same subject in her <a href="/wiki/Statecraft:_Strategies_for_a_Changing_World" title="Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World">Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World</a>, which was published in April 2002 and dedicated to Ronald Reagan, writing that there would be no peace in the Middle East until <a href="/wiki/Saddam" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam">Saddam</a> was toppled. Her book also said that Israel must trade <a href="/wiki/Land_for_peace" title="Land for peace">land for peace</a> and that the European Union (EU) was a "fundamentally unreformable", "classic utopian project, a monument to the vanity of intellectuals, a programme whose inevitable destiny is failure".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGloverEconomides201020-323">[314]</a> She argued that Britain should renegotiate its terms of membership or else <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">leave the EU</a> and join the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Free Trade Area">North American Free Trade Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[315]</a> Following several small strokes, her doctors advised her not to engage in further public speaking.<a href="#cite_note-325">[316]</a> In March 2002 she announced that, on doctors' advice, she would cancel all planned speaking engagements and accept no more.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2003796–798-326">[317]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: whitesmoke;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: whitesmoke;">Extract from <a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years</a></div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <q>Being Prime Minister is a lonely job. In a sense, it ought to be: you cannot lead from the crowd. But with Denis there I was never alone. What a man. What a husband. What a friend.</q> </blockquote> <cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="#CITEREFThatcher1993">Thatcher (1993</a>, p. 23)</cite> </div> On 26 June 2003, Thatcher's husband, Sir Denis, died aged 88;<a href="#cite_note-327">[318]</a> his body was cremated on 3 July at <a href="/wiki/Mortlake_Crematorium" title="Mortlake Crematorium">Mortlake Crematorium</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-328">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_(2003–2013)">Final years (2003–2013)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher exiting a limousine on the ramp at Andrews Air Force Base" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg/200px-Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg/300px-Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg/400px-Margaret_Thatcher_DF-SD-06-15534.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Arriving for the funeral of President Reagan in 2004</figcaption></figure> On 11 June 2004, Thatcher (against doctors' orders) attended the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">state funeral service for Ronald Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[320]</a> She delivered her eulogy via videotape; in view of her health, the message had been pre-recorded several months earlier.<a href="#cite_note-330">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[322]</a> Thatcher flew to California with the Reagan entourage, and attended the memorial service and interment ceremony for the president at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[323]</a> In 2005, Thatcher criticised how Blair had decided to <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invade Iraq</a> two years previously. Although she still supported the intervention to topple Saddam Hussein, she said that (as a scientist) she would always look for "facts, evidence and proof" before committing the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-grice-247">[239]</a> She celebrated her 80th birthday on 13 October at the <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Oriental_Hyde_Park,_London" title="Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, London">Mandarin Oriental Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park, London</a>; guests included the Queen, the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra</a> and Tony Blair.<a href="#cite_note-333">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe,_Baron_Howe_of_Aberavon" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon">Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon</a>, was also in attendance and said of his former leader: "Her real triumph was to have transformed not just one party but two, so that when Labour did eventually return, the great bulk of Thatcherism was accepted as irreversible."<a href="#cite_note-334">[325]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">In the US, 2006</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher standing with Dick and Lynne Cheney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg/200px-Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg/300px-Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg/400px-Thatcher_2006_September_11_event.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="343" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Thatcher (left) at a Washington memorial service on the fifth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher sharing a laugh with Donald Rumsfeld and Peter Pace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg/200px-Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg/300px-Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg/400px-Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4065" data-file-height="2737" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">With <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Pace" class="mw-redirect" title="General Pace">General Pace</a> at the Pentagon</div></div></div></div></div> In 2006, Thatcher attended the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Day" title="Patriot Day">official Washington memorial service</a> to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a> on the US. She was a guest of Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> and met Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> during her visit.<a href="#cite_note-335">[326]</a> In February 2007 Thatcher became the first living British prime minister to be honoured with <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(Palace_of_Westminster)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (Palace of Westminster)">a statue</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a>. The bronze statue stood opposite <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Palace_of_Westminster" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Palace of Westminster">that of her political hero, Winston Churchill</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bronze-336">[327]</a> and was unveiled on 21 February 2007 with Thatcher in attendance; she remarked in the <a href="/wiki/Members%27_Lobby" title="Members' Lobby">Members' Lobby</a> of the Commons: "I might have preferred iron – but bronze will do [...] It won't rust."<a href="#cite_note-bronze-336">[327]</a> Thatcher was a public supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Declaration_on_European_Conscience_and_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism">Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism</a> and the resulting Prague Process and sent a public letter of support to its preceding conference.<a href="#cite_note-337">[328]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] After collapsing at a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> dinner, Thatcher, suffering <a href="/wiki/Low_blood_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Low blood pressure">low blood pressure</a>,<a href="#cite_note-338">[329]</a> was admitted to <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas' Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a> in central London on 7 March 2008 for tests. In 2009 she was hospitalised again when she fell and broke her arm.<a href="#cite_note-339">[330]</a> Thatcher returned to 10 Downing Street in late November 2009 for the unveiling of <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Portrait of Margaret Thatcher">an official portrait</a> by artist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone_(painter)" title="Richard Stone (painter)">Richard Stone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ThatcherReturns-340">[331]</a> an unusual honour for a living former prime minister. Stone was previously commissioned to paint portraits of the Queen and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Mother</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ThatcherReturns-340">[331]</a> On 4 July 2011, Thatcher was to attend a ceremony for the unveiling of a 10 ft (3.0 m) statue of Ronald Reagan outside the <a href="/wiki/US_embassy_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="US embassy in London">US embassy in London</a>, but was unable to attend due to her frail health.<a href="#cite_note-341">[332]</a> She last attended a sitting of the House of Lords on 19 July 2010,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords''2012-342">[333]</a> and on 30 July 2011 it was announced that her office in the Lords had been closed.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph8671195-1">[1]</a> Earlier that month, Thatcher was named the most competent prime minister of the past 30 years in an <a href="/wiki/Ipsos_MORI" title="Ipsos MORI">Ipsos MORI</a> poll.<a href="#cite_note-343">[334]</a> Thatcher's daughter Carol <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher_suffering_from_dementia,_says_daughter" class="extiw" title="n:Margaret Thatcher suffering from dementia, says daughter">first revealed</a> that her mother had <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a> in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-Langley-344">[335]</a> saying "Mum doesn't read much any more because of her memory loss". In her 2008 memoir, Carol wrote that her mother "could hardly remember the beginning of a sentence by the time she got to the end".<a href="#cite_note-Langley-344">[335]</a> She later recounted how she was first struck by her mother's dementia when, in conversation, Thatcher confused the Falklands and Yugoslav conflicts; she recalled the pain of needing to tell her mother repeatedly that her husband Denis was dead.<a href="#cite_note-345">[336]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_funeral_(2013)">Death and funeral (2013)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg/200px-Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg/300px-Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg/400px-Margaret_Thatcher_coffin_at_St._Pauls_X8A2604.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="1959" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Thatcher's coffin being carried up the steps of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MTgrave1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/MTgrave1.jpeg/200px-MTgrave1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/MTgrave1.jpeg/300px-MTgrave1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/MTgrave1.jpeg/400px-MTgrave1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Plaques on the graves of Margaret and Denis Thatcher at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_Chelsea" title="Royal Hospital Chelsea">Royal Hospital Chelsea</a></div></div></div></div></div> Thatcher died on 8 April 2013, at the age of 87, after suffering a stroke. She had been staying at a suite in <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London" title="The Ritz Hotel, London">the Ritz Hotel</a> in London since December 2012 after having difficulty with stairs at her Chester Square home in Belgravia.<a href="#cite_note-346">[337]</a> Her death certificate listed the primary causes of death as a "cerebrovascular accident" and "repeated <a href="/wiki/Transient_ischaemic_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient ischaemic attack">transient ischaemic attack</a>";<a href="#cite_note-Mason-347">[338]</a> secondary causes were listed as a "<a href="/wiki/Carcinoma" title="Carcinoma">carcinoma</a> of the bladder" and dementia.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-347">[338]</a> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="q:Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Reactions to the news of Thatcher's death</a> were mixed across the UK, ranging from tributes lauding her as Britain's greatest-ever peacetime prime minister to public celebrations of her death and expressions of hatred and personalised vitriol.<a href="#cite_note-348">[339]</a> Details of Thatcher's funeral had been agreed upon with her in advance.<a href="#cite_note-Independent,_12_April_2013-349">[340]</a> She received a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_funeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial funeral">ceremonial funeral</a>, including full military honours, with a church service at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> on 17 April.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-350">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News,_9_April_2013-351">[342]</a> Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh attended her funeral,<a href="#cite_note-352">[343]</a> marking only the second and final time in the Queen's reign that she attended the funeral of any of <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II">her former prime ministers</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Death and state funeral of Winston Churchill">that of Churchill</a>, who received a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-353">[344]</a> After the service at St Paul's, Thatcher's body was cremated at Mortlake, where her husband's had been cremated. On 28 September, a service for Thatcher was held in the All Saints Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_Chelsea" title="Royal Hospital Chelsea">Royal Hospital Chelsea</a>'s Margaret Thatcher Infirmary. In a private ceremony, Thatcher's ashes were interred in the hospital's grounds, next to her husband's.<a href="#cite_note-354">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-intere-355">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_impact">Political impact</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">the politics series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margaret Thatcher"><img alt="Margaret Thatcher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/180px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/270px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/360px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="3259" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Philosophy</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstonian_liberalism" title="Gladstonian liberalism">Gladstonian liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property-owning_democracy" title="Property-owning democracy">Property-owning democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">People</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seldon" title="Arthur Seldon">Arthur Seldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Keith Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Harris,_Baron_Harris_of_High_Cross" title="Ralph Harris, Baron Harris of High Cross">Ralph Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Walters" title="Alan Walters">Alan Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley,_Baron_Ridley_of_Liddesdale" title="Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale">Nicholas Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Norman Tebbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Nigel Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Redwood" title="John Redwood">John Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Portillo" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Maude" title="Francis Maude">Francis Maude</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wets_and_dries" title="Wets and dries">"Dries"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Group" title="Bow Group">Bow Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Policy_Studies" title="Centre for Policy Studies">Centre for Policy Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Way_Forward" title="Conservative Way Forward">Conservative Way Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Association" title="The Freedom Association">The Freedom Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Institute of Economic Affairs">Institute of Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Pelerin_Society" title="Mont Pelerin Society">Mont Pelerin Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Turning_Back_(political_group)" title="No Turning Back (political group)">No Turning Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsdon_Group" title="Selsdon Group">Selsdon Group</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related movements</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">Conservatism (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_rationalism" title="Economic rationalism">Economic rationalism</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a> (New Zealand)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/16px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/24px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/32px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="912" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Capitalism" title="Portal:Capitalism">Capitalism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thatcherism" title="Template:Thatcherism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thatcherism" title="Template talk:Thatcherism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thatcherism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thatcherism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Thatcherism represented a systematic and decisive overhaul of the <a href="/wiki/Post-war_consensus" title="Post-war consensus">post-war consensus</a>, whereby the major political parties largely agreed on the central themes of <a href="/wiki/Keynesianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesianism">Keynesianism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">welfare state</a>, nationalised industry, and close regulation of the economy, and high taxes. Thatcher generally supported the welfare state while proposing to rid it of abuses.<a href="#cite_note-356">[nb 10]</a> She promised in 1982 that the highly popular <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> was "safe in our hands".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein1985-357">[347]</a> At first, she ignored the question of privatising nationalised industries; heavily influenced by right-wing think tanks, and especially by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Keith_Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Keith Joseph">Sir Keith Joseph</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007358-358">[348]</a> Thatcher broadened her attack. Thatcherism came to refer to her policies as well as aspects of her ethical outlook and personal style, including <a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">moral absolutism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">liberal individualism</a>, and an uncompromising approach to achieving political goals.<a href="#cite_note-eb-359">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[nb 11]</a> Thatcher defined her political philosophy, in a major and controversial break with the <a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">one-nation conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a530–532-362">[351]</a> of her predecessor Edward Heath, in a 1987 interview published in <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Own" title="Woman's Own">Woman's Own</a> magazine: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I think we have gone through a period when too many children and people have been given to understand "I have a problem, it is the Government's job to cope with it!" or "I have a problem, I will go and get a grant to cope with it!" "I am homeless, the Government must house me!" and so they are casting their problems on society and who is society? There is no such thing! There are individual men and women and there are families and no government can do anything except through people and people look to themselves first. It is our duty to look after ourselves and then also to help look after our neighbour and life is a reciprocal business and people have got the entitlements too much in mind without the obligations.<a href="#cite_note-363">[352]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overview">Overview</h4></div> The number of adults owning shares rose from 7 per cent to 25 per cent during her tenure, and more than a million families bought their council houses, increasing from 55 per cent to 67 per cent in <a href="/wiki/Owner-occupier" class="mw-redirect" title="Owner-occupier">owner-occupiers</a> from 1979 to 1990. The houses were sold at a discount of 33–55 per cent, leading to large profits for some new owners. Personal wealth rose by 80 per cent in real terms during the 1980s, mainly due to rising house prices and increased earnings. Shares in the privatised utilities were sold below their market value to ensure quick and wide sales rather than maximise national income.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007430-364">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[354]</a> The "Thatcher years" were also marked by periods of high unemployment and social unrest,<a href="#cite_note-legacy-bbc-366">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[356]</a> and many critics on the left of the political spectrum fault her economic policies for the unemployment level; many of the areas affected by mass unemployment as well as her monetarist economic policies remained blighted for decades, by such social problems as <a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug abuse">drug abuse</a> and family breakdown.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200463-368">[357]</a> Unemployment did not fall below its May 1979 level during her tenure,<a href="#cite_note-369">[358]</a> only falling below its April 1979 level in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-370">[359]</a> The long-term effects of her policies on manufacturing remain contentious.<a href="#cite_note-371">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a79-372">[361]</a> Speaking in Scotland in 2009, Thatcher insisted she had no regrets and was right to introduce the poll tax and withdraw subsidies from "outdated industries, whose markets were in terminal decline", subsidies that created "the culture of dependency, which had done such damage to Britain".<a href="#cite_note-373">[362]</a> Political economist <a href="/wiki/Susan_Strange" title="Susan Strange">Susan Strange</a> termed the neoliberal financial growth model "casino capitalism", reflecting her view that speculation and financial trading were becoming more important to the economy than industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble200916-374">[363]</a> Critics on the left describe her as divisive<a href="#cite_note-greatestpm-375">[364]</a> and say she condoned greed and selfishness.<a href="#cite_note-legacy-bbc-366">[355]</a> Leading Welsh politician <a href="/wiki/Rhodri_Morgan" title="Rhodri Morgan">Rhodri Morgan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-376">[365]</a> among others,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2012176Blundell201388-377">[366]</a> characterised Thatcher as a "<a href="/wiki/Marmite" title="Marmite">Marmite</a>" figure. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Michael_White_(journalist)" title="Michael White (journalist)">Michael White</a>, writing in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, challenged the view that her reforms were still a net benefit.<a href="#cite_note-378">[367]</a> Others consider her approach to have been "a mixed bag"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothbard1995chpt._63-379">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[369]</a> and "[a] <a href="/wiki/Curate%27s_egg" title="Curate's egg">Curate's egg</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson1991chpt._8-381">[370]</a> Thatcher did "little to advance the political cause of women" within her party or the government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200425-382">[371]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">British feminists</a> regarded her as "an enemy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns2009234-383">[372]</a> <a href="/wiki/June_Purvis" title="June Purvis">June Purvis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Review" title="Women's History Review">Women's History Review</a> says that, although Thatcher had struggled laboriously against the sexist prejudices of her day to rise to the top, she made no effort to ease the path for other women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurvis2013-384">[373]</a> Thatcher did not regard <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> as requiring particular attention as she did not, especially during her premiership, consider that women were being deprived of their rights. She had once suggested the shortlisting of women by default for all public appointments and proposed that those with young children should leave the workforce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb198958–59-385">[374]</a> Thatcher's stance on <a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">immigration</a> in the late 1970s was perceived as part of a rising racist public discourse,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitte201454-386">[375]</a> which <a href="/wiki/Martin_Barker" title="Martin Barker">Martin Barker</a> terms "<a href="/wiki/New_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="New racism">new racism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker1981Chin200992-387">[376]</a> In opposition, Thatcher believed that the National Front (NF) was winning over large numbers of Conservative voters with warnings against floods of immigrants. Her strategy was to undermine the NF narrative by acknowledging that many of <a href="/wiki/Support_base_of_the_National_Front_(UK)" title="Support base of the National Front (UK)">their voters</a> had serious concerns in need of addressing. In 1978 she criticised Labour's immigration policy to attract voters away from the NF to the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitte201453–54-388">[377]</a> Her rhetoric was followed by increased Conservative support at the expense of the NF. Critics on the left accused her of <a href="/wiki/Pandering_(politics)" title="Pandering (politics)">pandering</a> to racism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman200613-389">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[nb 12]</a> Many Thatcherite policies influenced the Labour Party,<a href="#cite_note-394">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldon200714-395">[383]</a> which returned to power in 1997 under Tony Blair. Blair rebranded the party "<a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a>" in 1994 with the aim of increasing its appeal beyond its traditional supporters,<a href="#cite_note-396">[384]</a> and to attract those who had supported Thatcher, such as the "<a href="/wiki/Essex_man" title="Essex man">Essex man</a>".<a href="#cite_note-397">[385]</a> Thatcher is said to have regarded the "New Labour" rebranding as her greatest achievement.<a href="#cite_note-398">[386]</a> In contrast to Blair, the Conservative Party under <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> attempted to distance himself and the party from Thatcher's economic policies in an attempt to gain public approval.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a790-399">[387]</a> Shortly after Thatcher died in 2013, Scottish first minister <a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a> argued that her policies had the "unintended consequence" of encouraging Scottish devolution.<a href="#cite_note-400">[388]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Foulkes_of_Cumnock" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Foulkes of Cumnock">Lord Foulkes of Cumnock</a> agreed on <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Tonight" title="Scotland Tonight">Scotland Tonight</a> that she had provided "the impetus" for devolution.<a href="#cite_note-401">[389]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a> in 1997, Thatcher argued against devolution on the basis that it would eventually lead to <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-402">[390]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reputation">Reputation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: whitesmoke;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Margaret Thatcher was not merely the first woman and the longest-serving Prime Minister of modern times, but the most admired, most hated, most idolised and most vilified public figure of the second half of the twentieth century. To some she was the saviour of her country who [...] created a vigorous enterprise economy which twenty years later was still outperforming the more regulated economies of the Continent. To others, she was a narrow ideologue whose hard-faced policies legitimised greed, deliberately increased inequality [...] and destroyed the nation's sense of solidarity and civic pride. There is no reconciling these views: yet both are true.<a href="#cite_note-Campbell-403">[nb 13]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="right-aligned" style="">Biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_(biographer)" title="John Campbell (biographer)">John Campbell</a> (<a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011b">2011b</a>, p. 499)</cite> </div> Thatcher's <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_length_of_tenure" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure">tenure of 11 years and 209 days</a> as British prime minister was the longest since <a href="/wiki/Lord_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> in the late 19th century (13 years and 252 days, in three spells) and the longest continuous period in office since <a href="/wiki/Lord_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a> in the early 19th century (14 years and 305 days).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardinerThompson201312-404">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[392]</a> Having led the Conservative Party to victory in three consecutive general elections, twice in a landslide, she ranks among the most popular party leaders in British history regarding votes cast for the winning party; over 40 million ballots were cast in total for the party under her leadership.<a href="#cite_note-406">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[395]</a> Her electoral successes were dubbed a "historic <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hat_trick" class="extiw" title="wikt:hat trick">hat trick</a>" by the British press in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-409">[396]</a> Thatcher ranked highest among living persons in the 2002 BBC poll <a href="/wiki/100_Greatest_Britons" title="100 Greatest Britons">100 Greatest Britons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-410">[397]</a> In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> deemed Thatcher one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">100 most important people of the 20th century</a>.<a href="#cite_note-411">[398]</a> In 2015 she topped a poll by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Widows" title="Scottish Widows">Scottish Widows</a>, a major financial services company, as the most influential woman of the past 200 years;<a href="#cite_note-412">[399]</a> and in 2016 topped <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour" title="Woman's Hour">Woman's Hour</a> Power List of women judged to have had the biggest impact on female lives over the past 70 years.<a href="#cite_note-413">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[401]</a> In 2020, Time magazine included Thatcher's name on its list of 100 Women of the Year. She was chosen as the Woman of the Year in 1982 when the Falklands War began under her command, resulting in the British victory.<a href="#cite_note-415">[402]</a> In contrast to her relatively poor average approval rating as prime minister,<a href="#cite_note-Ipsos-300">[291]</a> Thatcher has since <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">ranked highly in retrospective opinion polling</a> and, according to <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a>, is "see[n] in overall positive terms" by the British public.<a href="#cite_note-416">[403]</a> Just after her death in 2013, according to a poll by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, about half of the public viewed her positively while one third viewed her negatively.<a href="#cite_note-417">[404]</a> In a 2019 opinion poll by YouGov, most Britons rated her as Britain's greatest post-war leader (with Churchill coming second).<a href="#cite_note-YouGov-418">[405]</a> According to the poll, more than four in ten Britons (44%) think that Thatcher was a "good" or "great" prime minister, compared to 29% who think she was a "poor" or "terrible" one.<a href="#cite_note-YouGov-418">[405]</a> She was voted the fourth-greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a 2011 poll of 139 academics organised by <a href="/wiki/MORI" class="mw-redirect" title="MORI">MORI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-419">[406]</a> In a 2016 <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a> survey of 82 academics specialising in post-1945 British history and politics, she was voted the second-greatest British prime minister after the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-420">[407]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher">Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher</a></div> According to theatre critic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-421">[408]</a> Thatcher left an "emphatic mark" on the arts while prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-422">[409]</a> One of the earliest satires of Thatcher as prime minister involved satirist <a href="/wiki/John_Wells_(satirist)" title="John Wells (satirist)">John Wells</a> (as writer and performer), actress <a href="/wiki/Janet_Brown" title="Janet Brown">Janet Brown</a> (voicing Thatcher) and future <a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">Spitting Image</a> producer <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_(producer)" title="John Lloyd (producer)">John Lloyd</a> (as co-producer), who in 1979 were teamed up by producer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_(humorist)" title="Martin Lewis (humorist)">Martin Lewis</a> for the satirical audio album <a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(album)" title="The Iron Lady (album)">The Iron Lady</a>, which consisted of skits and songs satirising Thatcher's rise to power. The album was released in September 1979.<a href="#cite_note-423">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[411]</a> Thatcher was heavily satirised on Spitting Image, and <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> labelled her "every stand-up's dream".<a href="#cite_note-425">[412]</a> Thatcher was the subject or the inspiration for 1980s <a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">protest songs</a>. Musicians <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bragg" title="Billy Bragg">Billy Bragg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Weller" title="Paul Weller">Paul Weller</a> helped to form the <a href="/wiki/Red_Wedge" title="Red Wedge">Red Wedge</a> collective to support Labour in opposition to Thatcher.<a href="#cite_note-songs-426">[413]</a> Known as "Maggie" by supporters and opponents alike, the chant song "<a href="/wiki/Maggie_Out" title="Maggie Out">Maggie Out</a>" became a signature rallying cry among the left during the latter half of her premiership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinen20091947–1948Barr2013178,_235-427">[414]</a> Wells parodied Thatcher in several media. He collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ingrams" title="Richard Ingrams">Richard Ingrams</a> on the spoof "<a href="/wiki/Dear_Bill" title="Dear Bill">Dear Bill</a>" letters, which ran as a column in <a href="/wiki/Private_Eye" title="Private Eye">Private Eye</a> magazine; they were also published in book form and became a West End stage revue titled Anyone for Denis?, with Wells in the role of Thatcher's husband. It was followed by <a href="/wiki/Anyone_for_Denis%3F_(video)" title="Anyone for Denis? (video)">a 1982 TV special</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Dick_Clement" title="Dick Clement">Dick Clement</a>, in which Thatcher was played by <a href="/wiki/Angela_Thorne" title="Angela Thorne">Angela Thorne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-428">[415]</a> Since her premiership, Thatcher has been portrayed in a number of television programmes, documentaries, films and plays.<a href="#cite_note-429">[416]</a> She was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hodge" title="Patricia Hodge">Patricia Hodge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ian_Curteis" title="Ian Curteis">Ian Curteis</a>'s long unproduced <a href="/wiki/The_Falklands_Play" title="The Falklands Play">The Falklands Play</a> (2002) and by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Riseborough" title="Andrea Riseborough">Andrea Riseborough</a> in the TV film <a href="/wiki/The_Long_Walk_to_Finchley" title="The Long Walk to Finchley">The Long Walk to Finchley</a> (2008). She is the protagonist in two films, played by <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Duncan" title="Lindsay Duncan">Lindsay Duncan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Margaret_(2009_film)" title="Margaret (2009 film)">Margaret</a> (2009) and by <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(film)" title="The Iron Lady (film)">The Iron Lady</a> (2011),<a href="#cite_note-430">[417]</a> in which she is depicted as suffering from dementia or <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[418]</a> She is a main character in the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Crown (season 4)">fourth season</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)">The Crown</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Anderson" title="Gillian Anderson">Gillian Anderson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[419]</a> Thatcher has a supporting role in the 2024 biographical film <a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2024_film)" title="Reagan (2024 film)">Reagan</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Lesley-Anne_Down" title="Lesley-Anne Down">Lesley-Anne Down</a>.<a href="#cite_note-433">[420]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_awards_and_honours">Titles, awards and honours</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_honours_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of honours of Margaret Thatcher">List of honours of Margaret Thatcher</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thatcher standing with George H. W. Bush" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg/220px-Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg/330px-Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg/440px-Margaret_Thatcher_awarded_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="2121" /></a><figcaption>Receiving the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 1991</figcaption></figure> Thatcher became a <a href="/wiki/Privy_counsellor_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy counsellor (United Kingdom)">privy counsellor</a> (PC) on becoming a secretary of state in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-434">[421]</a> She was the first woman entitled to full membership rights as an honorary member of the <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club" title="Carlton Club">Carlton Club</a> on becoming Conservative Party leader in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-435">[422]</a> As prime minister, Thatcher received two honorary distinctions: <ul><li>24 October 1979 (1979-10-24): Honorary Fellowship (Hon.) of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Institute of Chemistry">Royal Institute of Chemistry</a> (FRIC),<a href="#cite_note-436">[423]</a> which was merged into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (FRSC) the following year;<a href="#cite_note-437">[424]</a></li> <li>1 July 1983 (1983-07-01): <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellowship of the Royal Society">Fellowship of the Royal Society</a> (FRS), a point of controversy among some of the then-existing Fellows.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_Scientist''1983Agar2022-438">[425]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_chivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of chivalry">Orders of chivalry</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:23px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ribbon of the Order of the Garter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/85px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/128px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/170px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">The Garter</a> UK, 1995 </div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:23px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ribbon of the Order of Good Hope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/85px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="85" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/128px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/170px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Good_Hope" title="Order of Good Hope">Good Hope</a> <abbr title="Republic of South Africa">RSA</abbr>, 1991 </div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:23px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_(UK).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ribbon of the Order of Merit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg/86px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg/129px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg/172px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Merit</a> UK, 1990 </div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:85px;max-width:85px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:23px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_St_John_(UK)_ribbon_-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ribbon of the Order of St John" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/83px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/125px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/166px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="126" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(chartered_1888)" title="Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)">Saint John</a> UK, 1991 </div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Shown are the ribbons for each order bestowed on Thatcher.</div></div></div></div> Two weeks after her resignation, Thatcher was appointed <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">Member of the Order of Merit</a> (OM) by the Queen. Her husband Denis was <a href="/wiki/Thatcher_baronets" title="Thatcher baronets">made a hereditary baronet</a> at the same time;<a href="#cite_note-OMBarontecy-439">[426]</a> as his wife, Thatcher was entitled to use the <a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">honorific style</a> "Lady",<a href="#cite_note-440">[427]</a> an automatically conferred title that she declined to use.<a href="#cite_note-441">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[430]</a> She would be made Lady Thatcher in her own right on her subsequent <a href="/wiki/Ennoblement" title="Ennoblement">ennoblement</a> in the House of Lords.<a href="#cite_note-Tuohy-444">[431]</a> In the Falklands, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Thatcher Day">Margaret Thatcher Day</a> has been marked each 10 January since 1992,<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-January-445">[432]</a> commemorating her first visit to the Islands in January 1983, six months after the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Falklands_War" title="Aftermath of the Falklands War">end of the Falklands War</a> in June 1982.<a href="#cite_note-446">[433]</a> Thatcher became a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">member of the House of Lords</a> in 1992 with a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerage</a> as Baroness Thatcher, of <a href="/wiki/Kesteven" title="Kesteven">Kesteven</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Lincolnshire">County of Lincolnshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lords-301">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[434]</a> Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> granted her use of a <a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Armorial of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">personal coat of arms</a>; she was allowed to revise these arms on her appointment as <a href="/wiki/Lady_Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter">Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter</a> (LG) in 1995, the highest order of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-448">[435]</a> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:small; margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <caption class="nowrap" style="background:whitesmoke; border:1px solid lightgrey; font-weight:bold; padding:0 1em;">Coats of arms of Baroness Thatcher </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Pre–Garter appointment</td> <td style="width:.2em;"> </td> <td colspan="2">Post–Garter appointment </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid lightgrey; padding:.7em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher,_The_Baroness_Thatcher_(1992%E2%80%931995).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="illustration"><img alt="illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="1354" /></a></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border:1px solid lightgrey; padding:.7em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher,_The_Baroness_Thatcher_(1995%E2%80%932013).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="illustration"><img alt="illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1339" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher,_The_Baroness_Thatcher_(1995%E2%80%932013)_(Variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="illustration of variant"><img alt="illustration of variant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29_%28Variant%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29_%28Variant%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29_%28Variant%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%281995%E2%80%932013%29_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="1352" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992–1995</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(heraldry)" title="Lozenge (heraldry)">Lozenge</a>: 1995–2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon</a>: 1995–2013 </td></tr></tbody></table> In the US, Thatcher received the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Freedom_Award" title="Ronald Reagan Freedom Award">Ronald Reagan Freedom Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Presidential_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Presidential Foundation">Reagan Presidential Foundation</a> in 1998;<a href="#cite_note-449">[436]</a> she was designated a patron of <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">the Heritage Foundation</a> in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-450">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-451">[438]</a> where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom.<a href="#cite_note-452">[439]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years</a>. HarperCollins. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-255049-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-255049-9"><bdi>978-0-00-255049-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Downing+Street+Years&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-00-255049-9&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)">The Path to Power</a>. HarperCollins. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-255050-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-255050-5"><bdi>978-0-00-255050-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Path+to+Power&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-00-255050-5&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Statecraft:_Strategies_for_a_Changing_World" title="Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World">Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World</a>. Harper Perennial. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095912-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095912-8"><bdi>978-0-06-095912-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statecraft%3A+Strategies+for+a+Changing+World&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-06-095912-8&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadby_Hall" title="Cadby Hall">Cadby Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic history of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elected_and_appointed_female_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government">List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> On 30 July 2011 it was announced that her office in the Lords had been closed.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph8671195-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady of the Order of the Garter">LG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dame_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame of Justice of the Order of St John">DStJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry">HonFRSC</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> In her foreword to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Conservative Party (UK) general election manifestos">Conservative manifesto</a> of 1979, she wrote of "a feeling of helplessness, that we are a once great nation that has somehow fallen behind".<a href="#cite_note-PoliticalStuff.co.uk-4">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Winning support from a majority of her party in the first round of votes, Thatcher fell four votes short of the required 15% margin to win the contest outright. Her fall has been characterised as "a rare coup d'état at the top of the British politics: the first since <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> sawed <a href="/wiki/Asquith" class="mw-redirect" title="Asquith">Asquith</a> off at the knees in 1916."<a href="#cite_note-Heffer-6">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJames1977">James (1977</a>, pp. 119–120): <q>The hang-up has always been the voice. Not the timbre so much as, well, the tone – the condescending explanatory whine which treats the squirming interlocutor as an eight-year-old child with personality deficiencies. It has been fascinating, recently, to watch her striving to eliminate this. BBC2 News Extra on Tuesday night rolled a clip from May 1973 demonstrating the Thatcher sneer at full pitch. (She was saying that she wouldn't dream of seeking the leadership.) She sounded like a cat sliding down a blackboard.</q><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Thatcher succeeded in completely suppressing her Lincolnshire dialect except when under stress, notably after provocation from <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a> in the Commons in 1983, when she accused the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Michael_Foot" title="Shadow Cabinet of Michael Foot">Labour frontbench</a> of being <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frit#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:frit">frit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCannadine2017">Cannadine (2017)</a>: <q>In many ways they were very different figures: he was sunny, genial, charming, relaxed, upbeat, and with little intellectual curiosity or command of policy detail; she was domineering, belligerent, confrontational, tireless, hyperactive, and with an unrivalled command of facts and figures. But the chemistry between them worked. Reagan had been grateful for her interest in him at a time when the British establishment refused to take him seriously; she agreed with him about the importance of creating wealth, cutting taxes, and building up stronger defences against Soviet Russia; and both believed in liberty and free-market freedom, and in the need to outface what <a href="/wiki/Evil_Empire_speech" title="Evil Empire speech">Reagan would later call 'the evil empire'</a>.</q> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <q>The United States has more than 330,000 members of her forces in Europe to defend our liberty. Because they are here, they are subject to terrorist attack. It is inconceivable that they should be refused the right to use American aircraft and American pilots in the inherent right of self-defence, to defend their own people.</q><a href="#cite_note-239">[232]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> She was decidedly cool towards reunification prior to 1990, but made no attempt to block it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERatti2017chpt.&nbsp;4-273">[265]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2013">Moore (2013</a>, p. 87): <q>Neither at the beginning of her career nor when she was prime minister, did Margaret Thatcher ever reject the wartime foundations of the welfare state, whether in health, social policy or education. In this she was less radical than her critics or some of her admirers supposed. Her concern was to focus more on abuse of the system, on bureaucracy and union militancy, and on the growth of what later came to be called the dependency culture, rather than on the system itself.</q> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLawson1992">Lawson (1992</a>, p. 64) lists the Thatcherite ideals as "a mixture of free markets, financial discipline, firm control over public expenditure, tax cuts, nationalism, 'Victorian values' (of the <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smiles" title="Samuel Smiles">Samuel Smiles</a> self-help variety), privatisation and a dash of populism". </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitchellRussell1989">Mitchell & Russell (1989)</a> posits that she had been misinterpreted and that <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">race</a> was never a focus of Thatcherism. By the 1980s, both the Conservatives and Labour had taken similar positions on immigration policy;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2004128Vinen2009227,_279-390">[379]</a> the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a> was passed with cross-party support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2000207–208-391">[380]</a> There were no policies passed or proposed by ministers to restrict legal immigration, nor would Thatcher highlight the subject of race in any of her later remarks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnwar2001-392">[381]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-403"><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_403-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a</a>, p. 800) also writes about a third view that can be argued: Thatcher "achieved much less" than she and her "<a href="/wiki/Dries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dries">dries</a>" would claim; she failed to curb public spending, diminish or privatise the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, change fundamental attitudes of the general public, or "enhance" freedom where she had instead <a href="/wiki/Centralised" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralised">centralised</a> control over "many areas of national life". </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-telegraph8671195-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph8671195_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph8671195_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2011" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Tim (30 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8671195/Baroness-Thatchers-office-is-closed.html">"Baroness Thatcher's office is closed"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110731185910/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8671195/Baroness-Thatchers-office-is-closed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Baroness+Thatcher%27s+office+is+closed&rft.date=2011-07-30&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F8671195%2FBaroness-Thatchers-office-is-closed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliticalStuff.co.uk-4"><a href="#cite_ref-PoliticalStuff.co.uk_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1979/1979-conservative-manifesto.shtml">"1979 Conservative Party General Election Manifesto"</a>. PoliticalStuff.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022052434/http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1979/1979-conservative-manifesto.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PoliticalStuff.co.uk&rft.atitle=1979+Conservative+Party+General+Election+Manifesto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativemanifesto.com%2F1979%2F1979-conservative-manifesto.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heffer-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Heffer_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffer2019" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Heffer" title="Simon Heffer">Heffer, Simon</a> (29 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/november-2019/the-rats-and-cowards-who-brought-down-a-titan/">"The rats and cowards who brought down a Titan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Critic_(modern_magazine)" title="The Critic (modern magazine)">The Critic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803214158/https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/november-2019/the-rats-and-cowards-who-brought-down-a-titan/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Critic&rft.atitle=The+rats+and+cowards+who+brought+down+a+Titan&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.aulast=Heffer&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecritic.co.uk%2Fissues%2Fnovember-2019%2Fthe-rats-and-cowards-who-brought-down-a-titan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20063-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20063_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1062417" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1062417?section=official-list-entry">"Details from listed building database (1062417)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a>. Lincolnshire. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Details+from+listed+building+database+%281062417%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1062417%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openplaques.org/plaques/10728">Plaque #10728 on Open Plaques</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20061-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20061_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2013" class="citation news cs1">O'Sullivan, Majella (10 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/margaret-thatchers-irish-roots-lie-in-co-kerry-29185669.html">"Margaret Thatcher's Irish roots lie in Co Kerry"</a>. Belfast Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803171312/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/margaret-thatchers-irish-roots-lie-in-co-kerry-29185669.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+Irish+roots+lie+in+Co+Kerry&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Majella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Frepublic-of-ireland%2Fmargaret-thatchers-irish-roots-lie-in-co-kerry-29185669.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a38–39-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a38–39_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, pp. 38–39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20068-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20068_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20068_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1988" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Maureen (28 May 1988). "Bible-Quoting Thatcher Stirs Furious Debate". Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bible-Quoting+Thatcher+Stirs+Furious+Debate&rft.date=1988-05-28&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilby2015" class="citation news cs1">Filby, Eliza (31 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2015/10/margaret-thatcher-christian-methodism/">"God and Mrs. Thatcher: The Battle for Britain's Soul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212034043/https://www.nationalreview.com/2015/10/margaret-thatcher-christian-methodism/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=God+and+Mrs.+Thatcher%3A+The+Battle+for+Britain%27s+Soul&rft.date=2015-10-31&rft.aulast=Filby&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fmargaret-thatcher-christian-methodism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford1-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford1_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford1_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford1_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford1_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford1_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford1_17-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore,_Baron_Moore_of_Etchingham" title="Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham">Moore, Charles</a> (19 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/10006410/A-side-of-Margaret-Thatcher-weve-never-seen.html">"A side of Margaret Thatcher we've never seen"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180420214300/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/10006410/A-side-of-Margaret-Thatcher-weve-never-seen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=A+side+of+Margaret+Thatcher+we%27ve+never+seen&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F10006410%2FA-side-of-Margaret-Thatcher-weve-never-seen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20065-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20065_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett20066Blundell200821–22-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett20066Blundell200821–22_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 6; <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, pp. 21–22. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128200852/http://kestevengrantham.lincs.sch.uk/kg/about_school/school_aims">"School aims"</a>. Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kestevengrantham.lincs.sch.uk/kg/about_school/school_aims">the original</a> on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=School+aims&rft.pub=Kesteven+and+Grantham+Girls%27+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kestevengrantham.lincs.sch.uk%2Fkg%2Fabout_school%2Fschool_aims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2019929-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2019929_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2019">Moore (2019)</a>, p. 929. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200612Blundell200823-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200612Blundell200823_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 12; <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200825–27Beckett200616Agar2022-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlundell200825–27Beckett200616Agar2022_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, pp. 25–27; <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 16; <a href="#CITEREFAgar2022">Agar (2022)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.some.ox.ac.uk/eminent/dorothy-crowfoot-hodgkin/">"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"</a>. Somerville College, Oxford. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Crowfoot+Hodgkin&rft.pub=Somerville+College%2C+Oxford&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.some.ox.ac.uk%2Feminent%2Fdorothy-crowfoot-hodgkin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022_25-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgar2022">Agar (2022)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200065Agar2022-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell200065Agar2022_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 65; <a href="#CITEREFAgar2022">Agar (2022)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittakerWaiteCulliford2013" class="citation news cs1">Whittaker, Freddie; Waite, Debbie & Culliford, Elizabeth (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10341124.thatcher-college-will-honour-former-student">"Thatcher: college will honour its former student"</a>. Oxford Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028113352/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10341124.thatcher-college-will-honour-former-student/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=Thatcher%3A+college+will+honour+its+former+student&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=Freddie&rft.au=Waite%2C+Debbie&rft.au=Culliford%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F10341124.thatcher-college-will-honour-former-student&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-runciman20130606-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-runciman20130606_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-runciman20130606_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-runciman20130606_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-runciman20130606_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-runciman20130606_28-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Runciman" title="David Runciman">Runciman, David</a> (6 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n11/david-runciman/rat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat">"Rat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190309071240/https://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n11/david-runciman/rat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Rat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat&rft.date=2013-06-06&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv35%2Fn11%2Fdavid-runciman%2Frat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bowcott20161230-29"><a href="#cite_ref-bowcott20161230_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowcott2016" class="citation news cs1">Bowcott, Owen (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/thatcher-fought-to-preserve-women-only-oxford-college-somerville">"Thatcher fought to preserve women-only Oxford college"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101004346/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/thatcher-fought-to-preserve-women-only-oxford-college-somerville?CMP=oth_b-aplnews_d-2">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Thatcher+fought+to+preserve+women-only+Oxford+college&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Bowcott&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Fdec%2F30%2Fthatcher-fought-to-preserve-women-only-oxford-college-somerville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDougill19874-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDougill19874_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDougill1987">Dougill (1987)</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bray-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bray_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bray_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11013968/Tony-Bray-obituary.html">"Tony Bray – obituary"</a>. The Telegraph. 5 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205025842/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11013968/Tony-Bray-obituary.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tony+Bray+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F11013968%2FTony-Bray-obituary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell200047-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell200047_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-lecher20130408-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lecher20130408_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lecher20130408_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLecher2013" class="citation web cs1">Lecher, Colin (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-04/margaret-thatcher-politician-and-chemist-has-died">"How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make Thatcher The Politician"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217043947/http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-04/margaret-thatcher-politician-and-chemist-has-died">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=How+Thatcher+The+Chemist+Helped+Make+Thatcher+The+Politician&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Lecher&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popsci.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F2013-04%2Fmargaret-thatcher-politician-and-chemist-has-died&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200620–21Blundell200828-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200620–21Blundell200828_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, pp. 20–21; <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200830-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlundell200830_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200317-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200317_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200617Agar2011-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200617Agar2011_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 17; <a href="#CITEREFAgar2011">Agar (2011)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2011-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2011_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2011_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2011_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2011_38-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgar2011">Agar (2011)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC2013-39"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC2013_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10377842">"In quotes: Margaret Thatcher"</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408090853/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10377842">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=In+quotes%3A+Margaret+Thatcher&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-10377842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622_40-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2009" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Charles (5 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/charlesmoore/4520977/Golly-now-we-know-whats-truly-offensive.html">"Golly: now we know what's truly offensive"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205043254/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/charlesmoore/4520977/Golly-now-we-know-whats-truly-offensive.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Golly%3A+now+we+know+what%27s+truly+offensive&rft.date=2009-02-05&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2Fcolumnists%2Fcharlesmoore%2F4520977%2FGolly-now-we-know-whats-truly-offensive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vermin-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vermin_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermin_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.C.2012" class="citation magazine cs1">J.C. (21 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2012/10/political-crises">"Gaffe-ology: why Mitchell had to go"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021232133/https://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2012/10/political-crises">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2017. <q>In 1948 Aneurin Bevan called the Conservative Party 'lower than vermin' [...] The Tories embraced the phrase; some formed the Vermin Club in response (Margaret Thatcher was a member).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Gaffe-ology%3A+why+Mitchell+had+to+go&rft.date=2012-10-21&rft.au=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fblighty%2F2012%2F10%2Fpolitical-crises&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200836-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlundell200836_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622Blundell200836-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622Blundell200836_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 22; <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622''New_Scientist''1983-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200622''New_Scientist''1983_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 22; <a href="#CITEREFNew_Scientist1983">New Scientist (1983)</a> sfnmp error: no target: CITEREFNew_Scientist1983 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgar2022Jellinek1979-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgar2022Jellinek1979_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgar2022">Agar (2022)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFJellinek1979">Jellinek (1979)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJellinekRoberts1951-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJellinekRoberts1951_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJellinekRoberts1951">Jellinek & Roberts (1951)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJellinek1979-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJellinek1979_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJellinek1979">Jellinek (1979)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerker1987-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerker1987_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKerker1987">Kerker (1987)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2013-04-10/debates/1304101000196/DeathOfAMemberBaronessThatcher">"Death of a Member: Baroness Thatcher"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 744. House of Lords. 10 April 2013. p. 1154. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Death+of+a+Member%3A+Baroness+Thatcher&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=1154&rft.pub=House+of+Lords&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FLords%2F2013-04-10%2Fdebates%2F1304101000196%2FDeathOfAMemberBaronessThatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belz-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Belz_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelz2013" class="citation news cs1">Belz, Mindy (4 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.wng.org/2013/04/weather_maker">"Weather maker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_(magazine)" title="World (magazine)">World</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190203055950/https://world.wng.org/2013/04/weather_maker">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World&rft.atitle=Weather+maker&rft.date=2013-05-04&rft.aulast=Belz&rft.aufirst=Mindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.wng.org%2F2013%2F04%2Fweather_maker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filby-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Filby_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilby2013" class="citation news cs1">Filby, Eliza (14 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9992424/Margaret-Thatcher-her-unswerving-faith-shaped-by-her-father.html">"Margaret Thatcher: her unswerving faith shaped by her father"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205050323/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9992424/Margaret-Thatcher-her-unswerving-faith-shaped-by-her-father.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+her+unswerving+faith+shaped+by+her+father&rft.date=2013-04-14&rft.aulast=Filby&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F9992424%2FMargaret-Thatcher-her-unswerving-faith-shaped-by-her-father.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24Blundell200837-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24Blundell200837_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, pp. 23–24; <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacksonSaunders20123-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacksonSaunders20123_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJacksonSaunders2012">Jackson & Saunders (2012)</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200623–24_55-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-Denis_Thatcher-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Denis_Thatcher_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/1434154/Sir-Denis-Thatcher-Bt.html">"Sir Denis Thatcher, Bt"</a>. The Telegraph. 27 June 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083041/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/1434154/Sir-Denis-Thatcher-Bt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sir+Denis+Thatcher%2C+Bt&rft.date=2003-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fpolitics-obituaries%2F1434154%2FSir-Denis-Thatcher-Bt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200625-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200625_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlundell200835-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlundell200835_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2008">Blundell (2008)</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgden199070Beckett200626Aitken201374-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgden199070Beckett200626Aitken201374_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOgden1990">Ogden (1990)</a>, p. 70; <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 26; <a href="#CITEREFAitken2013">Aitken (2013)</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000100-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000100_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett200627-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett200627_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2006">Beckett (2006)</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette41842" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/41842/page/6433">"No. 41842"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 13 October 1959. p. 6433.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+41842&rft.pages=6433&rft.date=1959-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F41842%2Fpage%2F6433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/101055">"HC S 2R [Public Bodies (Admission of the Press to Meetings) Bill] (Maiden Speech)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 5 February 1960. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109151758/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/101055">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HC+S+2R+%5BPublic+Bodies+%28Admission+of+the+Press+to+Meetings%29+Bill%5D+%28Maiden+Speech%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1960-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F101055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken201391-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAitken201391_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAitken2013">Aitken (2013)</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000134-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000134_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 134. </li> <li id="cite_note-sandbrook20130409-66"><a href="#cite_ref-sandbrook20130409_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandbrook2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Sandbrook" title="Dominic Sandbrook">Sandbrook, Dominic</a> (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22076886">"Viewpoint: What if Margaret Thatcher had never been?"</a>. BBC News Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608091711/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22076886">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Magazine&rft.atitle=Viewpoint%3A+What+if+Margaret+Thatcher+had+never+been%3F&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Sandbrook&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-22076886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan20034-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan20034_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott-Smith2003_68-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFScott-Smith2003">Scott-Smith (2003)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200764_69-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWapshott2007">Wapshott (2007)</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/jul/05/sexual-offences-no-2">"Sexual Offences (No. 2)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 731. House of Commons. 5 July 1966. p. 267. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+%28No.+2%29&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1966-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1966%2Fjul%2F05%2Fsexual-offences-no-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995150-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995150_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1995">Thatcher (1995)</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/jul/22/medical-termination-of-pregnancy-bill">"Medical Termination of Pregnancy Bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 732. House of Commons. 22 July 1966. p. 1165. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Medical+Termination+of+Pregnancy+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=1165&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1966-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1966%2Fjul%2F22%2Fmedical-termination-of-pregnancy-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1970/may/14/hare-coursing-bill">"Hare Coursing Bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 801. House of Commons. 14 May 1970. pp. 1599–1603. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hare+Coursing+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=1599-1603&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1970-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1970%2Fmay%2F14%2Fhare-coursing-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1969/jun/24/capital-punishment">"Capital Punishment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 785. House of Commons. 24 June 1969. p. 1235. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Capital+Punishment&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=1235&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1969-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1969%2Fjun%2F24%2Fcapital-punishment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1968/feb/09/divorce-reform-bill">"Divorce Reform Bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 758. House of Commons. 9 February 1968. pp. 904–907. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Divorce+Reform+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=904-907&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1968-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1968%2Ffeb%2F09%2Fdivorce-reform-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995151-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995151_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1995">Thatcher (1995)</a>, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/margaret-thatchers-timeline-from-grantham-to-the-house-of-lords-via-arthur-scargill-and-the-8564555.html">"Margaret Thatcher's timeline: From Grantham to the House of Lords, via Arthur Scargill and the Falklands War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 8 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104013802/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/margaret-thatchers-timeline-from-grantham-to-the-house-of-lords-via-arthur-scargill-and-the-8564555.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+timeline%3A+From+Grantham+to+the+House+of+Lords%2C+via+Arthur+Scargill+and+the+Falklands+War&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatchers-timeline-from-grantham-to-the-house-of-lords-via-arthur-scargill-and-the-8564555.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200765-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200765_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWapshott2007">Wapshott (2007)</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken2013117-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAitken2013117_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAitken2013">Aitken (2013)</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandford-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Sandford_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandford2017" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sandford_(biographer)" title="Christopher Sandford (biographer)">Sandford, Christopher</a> (4 December 2017) [June 2012 issue]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/article/to-see-and-to-speak/">"To See and to Speak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027040342/https://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/article/to-see-and-to-speak/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicles&rft.atitle=To+See+and+to+Speak&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Sandford&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesmagazine.org%2Farticle%2Fto-see-and-to-speak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000189-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000189_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000190–191-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000190–191_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, pp. 190–191. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000222-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000222_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2013215-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2013215_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2013215_84-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2013">Moore (2013)</a>, p. 215. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200314-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200314_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200314_85-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000224-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000224_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 224. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007248–249-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007248–249_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, pp. 248–249. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776_88-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWapshott200776_88-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWapshott2007">Wapshott (2007)</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000231-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000231_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000231_89-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000288-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000288_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 288. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickman2010" class="citation news cs1">Hickman, Martin (9 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tories-move-swiftly-to-avoid-milksnatcher-tag-2047372.html">"Tories move swiftly to avoid 'milk-snatcher' tag"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517184554/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tories-move-swiftly-to-avoid-milksnatcher-tag-2047372.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Tories+move+swiftly+to+avoid+%27milk-snatcher%27+tag&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft.aulast=Hickman&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Ftories-move-swiftly-to-avoid-milksnatcher-tag-2047372.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200315-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200315_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200315_92-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Rebecca (8 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7932963/How-Margaret-Thatcher-became-known-as-Milk-Snatcher.html">"How Margaret Thatcher became known as 'Milk Snatcher'"</a>. The Sunday Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118071518/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7932963/How-Margaret-Thatcher-became-known-as-Milk-Snatcher.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+Margaret+Thatcher+became+known+as+%27Milk+Snatcher%27&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F7932963%2FHow-Margaret-Thatcher-became-known-as-Milk-Snatcher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200315Thatcher1995182-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200315Thatcher1995182_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 15; <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1995">Thatcher (1995)</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/pressclub/thatcher.html">"National Press Club Luncheon Speakers: Margaret Thatcher (Recorded Sound Research Center, Library of Congress)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927213633/http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/pressclub/thatcher.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Press+Club+Luncheon+Speakers%3A+Margaret+Thatcher+%28Recorded+Sound+Research+Center%2C+Library+of+Congress%29&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Frecord%2Fpressclub%2Fthatcher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102770">"Speech to the National Press Club"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 19 September 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044318/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102770">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+the+National+Press+Club&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1975-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F102770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200316-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200316_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200316_97-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosgrave1975" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cosgrave" title="Patrick Cosgrave">Cosgrave, Patrick</a> (25 January 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/2013/04/clear-choice-for-the-tories/">"Clear choice for the Tories"</a>. The Spectator (published 13 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025145009/https://www.spectator.co.uk/2013/04/clear-choice-for-the-tories/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Clear+choice+for+the+Tories&rft.date=1975-01-25&rft.aulast=Cosgrave&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2013%2F04%2Fclear-choice-for-the-tories%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaughton2005" class="citation news cs1">Naughton, Philippe (18 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/thatcher-leads-tributes-to-sir-edward-heath-353gzwv3fdh">"Thatcher leads tributes to Sir Edward Heath"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210913173244/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/thatcher-leads-tributes-to-sir-edward-heath-353gzwv3fdh">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Thatcher+leads+tributes+to+Sir+Edward+Heath&rft.date=2005-07-18&rft.aulast=Naughton&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthatcher-leads-tributes-to-sir-edward-heath-353gzwv3fdh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECowleyBailey2000-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECowleyBailey2000_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCowleyBailey2000">Cowley & Bailey (2000)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=102452">"Press Conference after winning Conservative leadership (Grand Committee Room)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 11 February 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218065547/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=102452">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Conference+after+winning+Conservative+leadership+%28Grand+Committee+Room%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1975-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D102452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2013394–395,_430-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2013394–395,_430_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2013">Moore (2013)</a>, pp. 394–395, 430. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1975" class="citation news cs1">James, Clive (9 February 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52299047/">"Getting Mrs T into focus"</a>. The Observer. p. 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173045/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52299047/2-c-mt-on-tv/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Getting+Mrs+T+into+focus&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1975-02-09&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F52299047%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995267-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher1995267_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1995">Thatcher (1995)</a>, p. 267. </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore_Vanity-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_Vanity_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2011" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Charles (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2011/12/margaret-thatcher-201112">"The Invincible Mrs. Thatcher"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218073039/http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2011/12/margaret-thatcher-201112">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=The+Invincible+Mrs.+Thatcher&rft.date=2011-12&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffeatures%2F2011%2F12%2Fmargaret-thatcher-201112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1983" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Johnson_(journalist)" title="Frank Johnson (journalist)">Johnson, Frank</a> (22 April 1983). "A miracle recovery for Finchley mother of two". News. The Times. No. 61513. London. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=A+miracle+recovery+for+Finchley+mother+of+two&rft.issue=61513&rft.pages=p.-28&rft.date=1983-04-22&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"PM taunts Labour over early election". The Guardian. 20 April 1983. p. 5. <q>Amid uproar from both sides of the house, Mrs Thatcher shouted: 'So you are afraid of an election are you? Afraid, Afraid, Afraid. Frightened, frit – couldn't take it. Couldn't stand it.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=PM+taunts+Labour+over+early+election&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1983-04-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2010chpt._11-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett2010chpt._11_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2010">Beckett (2010)</a>, chpt. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2000344-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2000344_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2000">Campbell (2000)</a>, p. 344. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/President_Ford%E2%80%93Margaret_Thatcher_memcon_(18_September_1975)">President Ford–Margaret Thatcher memcon </a>. 18 September 1975 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=President+Ford%E2%80%93Margaret+Thatcher+memcon&rft.date=1975-09-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper201025–26-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper201025–26_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper201025–26_113-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCooper2010">Cooper (2010)</a>, pp. 25–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103489">"Press Conference concluding visit to Iran"</a> (Press release). Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 1 May 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010627/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103489">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Conference+concluding+visit+to+Iran&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1978-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F103489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016012202/http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/top-stories/how-thatcher-tried-to-thwart-devolution-1-1165673">"How Thatcher tried to thwart devolution"</a>. The Scotsman. 27 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/top-stories/how-thatcher-tried-to-thwart-devolution-1-1165673">the original</a> on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=How+Thatcher+tried+to+thwart+devolution&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftop-stories%2Fhow-thatcher-tried-to-thwart-devolution-1-1165673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett2010chpt._7-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett2010chpt._7_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeckett2010">Beckett (2010)</a>, chpt. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/7/newsid_2502000/2502781.stm">"7 September 1978: Callaghan accused of running scared"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410202005/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/7/newsid_2502000/2502781.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012 – via <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=7+September+1978%3A+Callaghan+accused+of+running+scared&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fseptember%2F7%2Fnewsid_2502000%2F2502781.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButlerKavanagh1980199-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButlerKavanagh1980199_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFButlerKavanagh1980">Butler & Kavanagh (1980)</a>, p. 199. </li> <li id="cite_note-Iron_Lady-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iron_Lady_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iron_Lady_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iron_Lady_119-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102947">"Speech to Finchley Conservatives (admits to being an 'Iron Lady')"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 31 January 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182918/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102947">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+Finchley+Conservatives+%28admits+to+being+an+%27Iron+Lady%27%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1976-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F102947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-britain-awake-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britain-awake_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-britain-awake_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102939">"Speech at Kensington Town Hall ('Britain Awake') (The Iron Lady)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 19 January 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017152319/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102939">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2008. <q><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">At Helsinki</a> we endorsed the status quo in Eastern Europe. In return we had hoped for the freer movement of people and ideas across the Iron Curtain. So far we have got nothing of substance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+at+Kensington+Town+Hall+%28%27Britain+Awake%27%29+%28The+Iron+Lady%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1976-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F102939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gavrilov-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Gavrilov_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilov1976" class="citation news cs1">Gavrilov, Yuri (24 January 1976). "The 'Iron Lady' Sounds the Alarm". Red Star. Vol. 28, no. 1–13. Translated by The Current Digest of the Soviet Press. pp. 3, 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Red+Star&rft.atitle=The+%27Iron+Lady%27+Sounds+the+Alarm&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1%E2%80%9313&rft.pages=3%2C+17&rft.date=1976-01-24&rft.aulast=Gavrilov&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044402/http://gale.cengage.co.uk/images/upload/NewsVault/Thatcher/15-Maggie-the-Iron-Lady.pdf">"Maggie, the 'Iron Lady'"</a> (PDF). The Sunday Times. 25 January 1976. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gale.cengage.co.uk/images/upload/NewsVault/Thatcher/15-Maggie-the-Iron-Lady.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Maggie%2C+the+%27Iron+Lady%27&rft.date=1976-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgale.cengage.co.uk%2Fimages%2Fupload%2FNewsVault%2FThatcher%2F15-Maggie-the-Iron-Lady.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1984115Kaplan200060-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson1984115Kaplan200060_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAtkinson1984">Atkinson (1984)</a>, p. 115; <a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan (2000)</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacpherson2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Macpherson" title="Fiona Macpherson">Macpherson, Fiona</a> (10 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616153939/https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/04/10/margaretthatcher/">"The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher's linguistic legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OxfordDictionaries.com" class="mw-redirect" title="OxfordDictionaries.com">OxfordDictionaries.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/04/10/margaretthatcher">the original</a> on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <q>While it has been applied to other women since (from politicians to tennis players), the resonance with Margaret Thatcher remains the strongest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OxfordDictionaries.com&rft.atitle=The+Iron+Lady%3A+Margaret+Thatcher%27s+linguistic+legacy&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft.aulast=Macpherson&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oxforddictionaries.com%2F2013%2F04%2F10%2Fmargaretthatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prayer-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prayer_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prayer_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104078">"Remarks on becoming Prime Minister (St Francis's prayer)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 4 May 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015853/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104078">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+on+becoming+Prime+Minister+%28St+Francis%27s+prayer%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1979-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F104078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBern198743Ogden19909,_12-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBern198743Ogden19909,_12_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBern1987">Bern (1987)</a>, p. 43; <a href="#CITEREFOgden1990">Ogden (1990)</a>, pp. 9, 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehy1989" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gail_Sheehy" title="Gail Sheehy">Sheehy, Gail</a> (1989). "Gail Sheehy on the most powerful woman in the world". Vanity Fair. Vol. 52. p. 102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Gail+Sheehy+on+the+most+powerful+woman+in+the+world&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=102&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Sheehy&rft.aufirst=Gail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisner1987" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Eisner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane Eisner">Eisner, Jane</a> (7 June 1987). "The most powerful woman in the world". <a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a> Magazine. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006RKBPBK">B006RKBPBK</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+most+powerful+woman+in+the+world&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1987-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB006RKBPBK%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Eisner&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Votes go to Tories, and nobody else". The Economist. Vol. 263, no. 6976. 14 May 1977. pp. 24–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Votes+go+to+Tories%2C+and+nobody+else&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=6976&rft.pages=24-28&rft.date=1977-05-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/110797">"Conservative Campaign Guide Supplement 1978"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 1 March 1978. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c59574e9047e61130f13-3f71d0fe2b653c4f00f32175760e96e7.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/93030FB632E147999D4BEB655587A134.pdf#page270">270</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019154057/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/110797">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conservative+Campaign+Guide+Supplement+1978&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1978-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F110797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103485">"TV Interview for Granada World in Action ('rather swamped')"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 27 January 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717144335/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103485">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+Interview+for+Granada+World+in+Action+%28%27rather+swamped%27%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1978-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F103485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mrs Thatcher fears people might become hostile if immigrant flow is not cut". News. The Times. No. 60224. London. 31 January 1978. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs+Thatcher+fears+people+might+become+hostile+if+immigrant+flow+is+not+cut&rft.issue=60224&rft.pages=p.-2&rft.date=1978-01-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200326Ward2004128-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200326Ward2004128_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 26; <a href="#CITEREFWard2004">Ward (2004)</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine2009" class="citation news cs1">Swaine, Jon (30 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525084645/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html">"Margaret Thatcher complained about Asian immigration to Britain"</a>. The Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+complained+about+Asian+immigration+to+Britain&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F6906503%2FMargaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200328Seward2001154-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200328Seward2001154_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 28; <a href="#CITEREFSeward2001">Seward (2001)</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPimlott1996460–463,_484,_509–514-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPimlott1996460–463,_484,_509–514_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPimlott1996">Pimlott (1996)</a>, pp. 460–463, 484, 509–514. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher199318-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher199318_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1993">Thatcher (1993)</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2006185-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2006185_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2006185_138-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChilds2006">Childs (2006)</a>, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200330-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200330_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200330_139-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/29/newsid_2506000/2506019.stm">"29 January 1985: Thatcher snubbed by Oxford dons"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724131128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/29/newsid_2506000/2506019.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2007 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=29+January+1985%3A+Thatcher+snubbed+by+Oxford+dons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F29%2Fnewsid_2506000%2F2506019.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/10/newsid_2541000/2541071.stm">"10 October 1980: Thatcher 'not for turning'"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724131113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/10/newsid_2541000/2541071.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=10+October+1980%3A+Thatcher+%27not+for+turning%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F10%2Fnewsid_2541000%2F2541071.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2007224-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2007224_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones2007">Jones (2007)</a>, p. 224. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104431">"Speech to Conservative Party Conference ('the lady's not for turning')"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 10 October 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105144306/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104431">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+Conservative+Party+Conference+%28%27the+lady%27s+not+for+turning%27%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1980-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F104431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornton200418-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornton200418_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThornton2004">Thornton (2004)</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200331-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200331_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714012618/http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/mclib?http_rc=400&class=session&sev=temp&type=session&cause=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/263/101/138526786w16/purl%3Drc1_TTDA_0_CS285575295%26dyn%3D75!xrn_1_0_CS285575295%26hst_1%3Fsw_aep%3Dmclib&cont=&msg=No+Session+cookies&sserv=no">"An avalanche of economists"</a>. The Times. 31 March 1981. p. 17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/263/101/138526786w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS285575295&dyn=75!xrn_1_0_CS285575295&hst_1?sw_aep=mclib">the original</a> on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=An+avalanche+of+economists&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1981-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfotrac.galegroup.com%2Fitw%2Finfomark%2F263%2F101%2F138526786w16%2Fpurl%3Drc1_TTDA_0_CS285575295%26dyn%3D75%21xrn_1_0_CS285575295%26hst_1%3Fsw_aep%3Dmclib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/121217">"Economy: Letter of the 364 economists critical of monetarism (letter sent to academics and list of signatories)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 13 March 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180401144432/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/121217">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economy%3A+Letter+of+the+364+economists+critical+of+monetarism+%28letter+sent+to+academics+and+list+of+signatories%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1981-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F121217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloudJohnson2004392-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloudJohnson2004392_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFloudJohnson2004">Floud & Johnson (2004)</a>, p. 392. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/26/newsid_2506000/2506335.stm">"26 January 1982: UK unemployment tops three million"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221074348/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/26/newsid_2506000/2506335.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2010 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=26+January+1982%3A+UK+unemployment+tops+three+million&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F26%2Fnewsid_2506000%2F2506335.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowthornWells1987234-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowthornWells1987234_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRowthornWells1987">Rowthorn & Wells (1987)</a>, p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Grady2009" class="citation news cs1">O'Grady, Sean (16 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/unemployment-among-young-workers-hits-15-per-cent-1645728.html">"Unemployment among young workers hits 15 per cent"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724123849/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/unemployment-among-young-workers-hits-15-per-cent-1645728.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Unemployment+among+young+workers+hits+15+per+cent&rft.date=2009-03-16&rft.aulast=O%27Grady&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Funemployment-among-young-workers-hits-15-per-cent-1645728.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105032">"Speech to Conservative Party Conference"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 8 October 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073302/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105032">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+Conservative+Party+Conference&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1982-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F105032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105454">"Speech to Conservative Party Conference"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 14 October 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010401/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105454">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+Conservative+Party+Conference&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1983-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F105454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/ge87.shtml">"11 June 1987"</a>. Politics 97. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203222938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/ge87.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics+97&rft.atitle=11+June+1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Fpolitics97%2Fbackground%2Fpastelec%2Fge87.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecc-155"><a href="#cite_ref-ecc_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiddell1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Riddell" title="Peter Riddell">Riddell, Peter</a> (23 November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106969">"Thatcher stands firm against full EMS role"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420095953/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106969">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Thatcher+stands+firm+against+full+EMS+role&rft.date=1987-11-23&rft.aulast=Riddell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D106969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1993712-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher1993712_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1993">Thatcher (1993)</a>, p. 712. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007484-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007484_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 484. </li> <li id="cite_note-polltax-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polltax_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polltax_158-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassell1990" class="citation news cs1">Passell, Peter (23 April 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7DD1030F930A15757C0A966958260">"Furor Over British Poll Tax Imperils Thatcher Ideology"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602032717/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/23/business/furor-over-british-poll-tax-imperils-thatcher-ideology.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Furor+Over+British+Poll+Tax+Imperils+Thatcher+Ideology&rft.date=1990-04-23&rft.aulast=Passell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C0CE7DD1030F930A15757C0A966958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan200387–88-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan200387–88_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, pp. 87–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-trafalgarsq_num-160"><a href="#cite_ref-trafalgarsq_num_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2010" class="citation news cs1">Graham, David (25 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/the-battle-of-trafalgar-square-the-poll-tax-riots-revisited-1926873.html">"The Battle of Trafalgar Square: The poll tax riots revisited"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119102840/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/the-battle-of-trafalgar-square-the-poll-tax-riots-revisited-1926873.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Trafalgar+Square%3A+The+poll+tax+riots+revisited&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fthe-battle-of-trafalgar-square-the-poll-tax-riots-revisited-1926873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-otd_pt-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-otd_pt_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-otd_pt_161-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/31/newsid_2530000/2530763.stm">"31 March 1990: Violence flares in poll tax demonstration"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130409013226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/31/newsid_2530000/2530763.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=31+March+1990%3A+Violence+flares+in+poll+tax+demonstration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmarch%2F31%2Fnewsid_2530000%2F2530763.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarwan2016" class="citation news cs1">Narwan, Gurpreet (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/threat-of-fine-for-unpaid-poll-tax-sent-to-no-10-szqwdrlb6">"Threat of fine for unpaid poll tax sent to No 10"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210821195006/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/threat-of-fine-for-unpaid-poll-tax-sent-to-no-10-szqwdrlb6">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Threat+of+fine+for+unpaid+poll+tax+sent+to+No+10&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Narwan&rft.aufirst=Gurpreet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Fedition%2Fnews%2Fthreat-of-fine-for-unpaid-poll-tax-sent-to-no-10-szqwdrlb6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a89–90-163"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a89–90_163-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, pp. 89–90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher199397–98,_339–340-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher199397–98,_339–340_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1993">Thatcher (1993)</a>, pp. 97–98, 339–340. </li> <li id="cite_note-thatcher-cw-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thatcher-cw_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thatcher-cw_165-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thatcher-cw_165-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thatcher-cw_165-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703072749/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/thatcher">"Margaret Thatcher"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/thatcher">the original</a> on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FSPECIALS%2Fcold.war%2Fkbank%2Fprofiles%2Fthatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevzin1984" class="citation news cs1">Revzin, Philip (23 November 1984). "British Labor Unions Begin to Toe the Line, Realizing That the Times Have Changed". The Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=British+Labor+Unions+Begin+to+Toe+the+Line%2C+Realizing+That+the+Times+Have+Changed&rft.date=1984-11-23&rft.aulast=Revzin&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcstrike-167"><a href="#cite_ref-bbcstrike_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilenius2004" class="citation news cs1">Wilenius, Paul (5 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3067563.stm">"Enemies within: Thatcher and the unions"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430144439/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3067563.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Enemies+within%3A+Thatcher+and+the+unions&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.aulast=Wilenius&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3067563.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2009" class="citation news cs1">Henry, John (5 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/7923138.stm">"When miners took on the government"</a>. BBC News. Yorkshire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521105409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/7923138.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=When+miners+took+on+the+government&rft.date=2009-03-05&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fsouth_yorkshire%2F7923138.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glass-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glass_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glass_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlass1984" class="citation news cs1">Glass, Robert (16 December 1984). "The Uncivilized Side of Britain Rears its Ugly Head". The Record. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Record&rft.atitle=The+Uncivilized+Side+of+Britain+Rears+its+Ugly+Head&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1984-12-16&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Black_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2009" class="citation news cs1">Black, David (21 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812022044/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/still-unbowed-ex-miners-mark-25-4488387">"Still unbowed, ex-miners to mark 25 years since the start of the strike"</a>. The Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/still-unbowed-ex-miners-mark-25-4488387">the original</a> on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal&rft.atitle=Still+unbowed%2C+ex-miners+to+mark+25+years+since+the+start+of+the+strike&rft.date=2009-02-21&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorth-east-news%2Fstill-unbowed-ex-miners-mark-25-4488387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pits-closed-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pits-closed_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pits-closed_171-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pits-closed_171-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3514549.stm">"Watching the pits disappear"</a>. BBC News. 5 March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080702053420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3514549.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Watching+the+pits+disappear&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F3514549.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thatcher-num-172"><a href="#cite_ref-thatcher-num_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannan2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hannan_(presenter)" title="Patrick Hannan (presenter)">Hannan, Patrick</a> (6 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/3537463.stm">"Iron Lady versus union baron"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226200523/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/3537463.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Iron+Lady+versus+union+baron&rft.date=2004-03-06&rft.aulast=Hannan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fwales%2F3537463.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2009" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Alan (3 March 2009). "A History of the Miners' Strike". Press Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+History+of+the+Miners%27+Strike&rft.date=2009-03-03&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd198888–89-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd198888–89_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdeneyLloyd1988">Adeney & Lloyd (1988)</a>, pp. 88–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd1988169-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd1988169_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdeneyLloyd1988">Adeney & Lloyd (1988)</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd1988170-176"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdeneyLloyd1988170_176-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdeneyLloyd1988">Adeney & Lloyd (1988)</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_2540000/2540813.stm">"28 September 1984: Pit dispute 'illegal' says judge"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002235052/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_2540000/2540813.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2012 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=28+September+1984%3A+Pit+dispute+%27illegal%27+says+judge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fseptember%2F28%2Fnewsid_2540000%2F2540813.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhabaz2006226-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhabaz2006226_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhabaz2006">Khabaz (2006)</a>, p. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2015164-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2015164_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2015">Moore (2015)</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-Harper-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Harper_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper1985" class="citation news cs1">Harper, Timothy (5 March 1985). "Miners return to work today. Bitter coal strike wrenched British economy, society". The Dallas Morning News. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Miners+return+to+work+today.+Bitter+coal+strike+wrenched+British+economy%2C+society&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1985-03-05&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2015178-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2015178_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2015">Moore (2015)</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3531819.stm">"UK Coal sees loss crumble to £1m"</a>. BBC News. 4 March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131203228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3531819.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UK+Coal+sees+loss+crumble+to+%C2%A31m&rft.date=2004-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F3531819.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007411-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007411_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 411. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1994375-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1994375_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFButler1994">Butler (1994)</a>, p. 375. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaybourn1992208-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaybourn1992208_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLaybourn1992">Laybourn (1992)</a>, p. 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrell1994127-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrell1994127_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrell1994">Barrell (1994)</a>, p. 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldonCollings200027-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeldonCollings200027_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeldonCollings2000">Seldon & Collings (2000)</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeigenbaumHenigHamnett199871-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeigenbaumHenigHamnett199871_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFeigenbaumHenigHamnett1998">Feigenbaum, Henig & Hamnett (1998)</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007428-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007428_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 428. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerMartin1995-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkerMartin1995_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkerMartin1995_190-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFParkerMartin1995">Parker & Martin (1995)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirby2006-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirby2006_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKirby2006">Kirby (2006)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeljanovski1990291–304-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeljanovski1990291–304_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeljanovski1990">Veljanovski (1990)</a>, pp. 291–304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleese2004169–70-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleese2004169–70_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAleese2004">McAleese (2004)</a>, pp. 169–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2013" class="citation news cs1">Simon, Emma (12 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/shares-and-stock-tips/9989430/Thatchers-legacy-how-has-privatisation-fared.html">"Thatcher's legacy: how has privatisation fared?"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015222606/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/shares-and-stock-tips/9989430/Thatchers-legacy-how-has-privatisation-fared.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Thatcher%27s+legacy%3A+how+has+privatisation+fared%3F&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fpersonalfinance%2Finvesting%2Fshares-and-stock-tips%2F9989430%2FThatchers-legacy-how-has-privatisation-fared.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iea.org.uk/publications/research/a-review-of-privatisation-and-regulation-experience-in-britain">"A Review of Privatisation and Regulation Experience in Britain"</a>. Institute of Economic Affairs. 7 November 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033519/https://iea.org.uk/publications/research/a-review-of-privatisation-and-regulation-experience-in-britain">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Review+of+Privatisation+and+Regulation+Experience+in+Britain&rft.pub=Institute+of+Economic+Affairs&rft.date=2000-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiea.org.uk%2Fpublications%2Fresearch%2Fa-review-of-privatisation-and-regulation-experience-in-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007495-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007495_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 495. </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2016" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Jamie (27 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37751599">"How the Big Bang changed the City of London for ever"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816022757/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37751599">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+the+Big+Bang+changed+the+City+of+London+for+ever&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-37751599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-strike-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-strike_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strike_198-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-strike_198-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/3/newsid_2451000/2451503.stm">"3 October 1981: IRA Maze hunger strikes at an end"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113034637/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/3/newsid_2451000/2451503.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=3+October+1981%3A+IRA+Maze+hunger+strikes+at+an+end&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F3%2Fnewsid_2451000%2F2451503.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2009" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Liam (5 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111769">"Was Gerry Adams complicit over hunger strikers?"</a>. The Sunday Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111220938/https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111769">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020 – via the Margaret Thatcher Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Was+Gerry+Adams+complicit+over+hunger+strikers%3F&rft.date=2009-04-05&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F111769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAIN-hs-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CAIN-hs_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAIN-hs_200-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/hstrike/chronology.htm">"The Hunger Strike of 1981 – A Chronology of Main Events"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Archive_on_the_Internet" title="Conflict Archive on the Internet">Conflict Archive on the Internet</a>. Ulster University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206165221/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/hstrike/chronology.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conflict+Archive+on+the+Internet&rft.atitle=The+Hunger+Strike+of+1981+%E2%80%93+A+Chronology+of+Main+Events&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcain.ulst.ac.uk%2Fevents%2Fhstrike%2Fchronology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglish2005207–08-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglish2005207–08_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEnglish2005">English (2005)</a>, pp. 207–08. </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-bomb-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-bomb_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-bomb_202-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_2531000/2531583.stm">"12 October 1984: Tory Cabinet in Brighton bomb blast"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308094001/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_2531000/2531583.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=12+October+1984%3A+Tory+Cabinet+in+Brighton+bomb+blast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F12%2Fnewsid_2531000%2F2531583.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThatcher1993379–383-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThatcher1993379–383_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThatcher1993">Thatcher (1993)</a>, pp. 379–383. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravis2014" class="citation news cs1">Travis, Alan (3 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/03/thatcher-labour-miners-enemy-within-brighton-bomb">"Thatcher was to call Labour and miners 'enemy within' in abandoned speech"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228014646/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/03/thatcher-labour-miners-enemy-within-brighton-bomb">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Thatcher+was+to+call+Labour+and+miners+%27enemy+within%27+in+abandoned+speech&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2Foct%2F03%2Fthatcher-labour-miners-enemy-within-brighton-bomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELanoueHeadrick1998-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanoueHeadrick1998_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLanoueHeadrick1998">Lanoue & Headrick (1998)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206111841/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/aia/chron.htm">"Anglo Irish Agreement Chronology"</a>. Conflict Archive on the Internet. Ulster University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/aia/chron.htm">the original</a> on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conflict+Archive+on+the+Internet&rft.atitle=Anglo+Irish+Agreement+Chronology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcain.ulst.ac.uk%2Fevents%2Faia%2Fchron.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/15/newsid_2539000/2539849.stm">"15 November 1985: Anglo-Irish agreement signed"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307120742/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/15/newsid_2539000/2539849.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2010 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=15+November+1985%3A+Anglo-Irish+agreement+signed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F15%2Fnewsid_2539000%2F2539849.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloney2002336-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloney2002336_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoloney2002">Moloney (2002)</a>, p. 336. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECochrane1997143-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochrane1997143_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCochrane1997">Cochrane (1997)</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETewdwr-Jones200347-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETewdwr-Jones200347_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTewdwr-Jones2003">Tewdwr-Jones (2003)</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108102">"Speech opening Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 25 May 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613090256/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108102">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+opening+Hadley+Centre+for+Climate+Prediction+and+Research&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1990-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F108102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrabin-212">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrabin_212-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrabin_212-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrabin2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Harrabin" title="Roger Harrabin">Harrabin, Roger</a> (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22069768">"Margaret Thatcher: How PM legitimised green concerns"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810032718/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22069768">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+How+PM+legitimised+green+concerns&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Harrabin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-22069768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourke2016" class="citation web cs1">Bourke, India (14 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/energy/2016/10/will-margaret-thatcher-and-ronald-reagan-be-unlikely-saviours-world-climate">"Will Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan be the unlikely saviours of the world from climate change?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102436/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/energy/2016/10/will-margaret-thatcher-and-ronald-reagan-be-unlikely-saviours-world-climate">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Will+Margaret+Thatcher+and+Ronald+Reagan+be+the+unlikely+saviours+of+the+world+from+climate+change%3F&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft.aulast=Bourke&rft.aufirst=India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2Fenergy%2F2016%2F10%2Fwill-margaret-thatcher-and-ronald-reagan-be-unlikely-saviours-world-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a642-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a642_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, p. 642. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15874560">"A brief history of climate change"</a>. BBC News. 20 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726033727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15874560">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+climate+change&rft.date=2013-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-15874560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107346">"Speech to the Royal Society"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 27 September 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406101350/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107346">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+the+Royal+Society&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1988-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F107346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkedCook1993364–422-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkedCook1993364–422_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkedCook1993">Sked & Cook (1993)</a>, pp. 364–422. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1980Soames1980-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1980Soames1980_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewis1980">Lewis (1980)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSoames1980">Soames (1980)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELahey2013-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELahey2013_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLahey2013">Lahey (2013)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorril2002<span_class="nowrap"><span_class="plainlinks">[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmi6insidecovertw00dorrpage752_752]_<span_style="position:relative;_top:_-2px;">[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|9px|link=Paywall|closed_access_publication_–_behind_paywall|alt=Closed_access_icon]]-220"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorril2002<span_class="nowrap"><span_class="plainlinks">[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmi6insidecovertw00dorrpage752_752]_<span_style="position:relative;_top:_-2px;">[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|9px|link=Paywall|closed_access_publication_–_behind_paywall|alt=Closed_access_icon]]_220-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDorril2002">Dorril (2002)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mi6insidecovertw00dorr/page/752">752</a> <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECormac2018233–36-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECormac2018233–36_221-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCormac2018">Cormac (2018)</a>, pp. 233–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thatcher_Hussein_secret-222"><a href="#cite_ref-Thatcher_Hussein_secret_222-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStothard2011" class="citation web cs1">Stothard, Michael (30 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/52add2c4-30b4-11e1-9436-00144feabdc0.html">"UK secretly supplied Saddam"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701032514/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/52add2c4-30b4-11e1-9436-00144feabdc0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=UK+secretly+supplied+Saddam&rft.date=2011-12-30&rft.aulast=Stothard&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F52add2c4-30b4-11e1-9436-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighEvans2003" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Leigh_(journalist)" title="David Leigh (journalist)">Leigh, David</a> & Evans, Rob (27 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/28/iraq.politics1">"How £1bn was lost when Thatcher propped up Saddam"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811011113/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/28/iraq.politics1">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+%C2%A31bn+was+lost+when+Thatcher+propped+up+Saddam&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Evans%2C+Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2003%2Ffeb%2F28%2Firaq.politics1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1985/may/16/kampuchea">"Kampuchea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 79. House of Commons. 16 May 1985. col. 486–490. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kampuchea&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-486-490&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1985-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1985%2Fmay%2F16%2Fkampuchea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-10-26/Debate-3.html">"Cambodia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. House of Commons. 26 October 1990. col. 655–667. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cambodia&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-655-667&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1990-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm198990%2Fcmhansrd%2F1990-10-26%2FDebate-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville201620-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeville201620_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeville2016">Neville (2016)</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1991/jul/22/cambodia">"Cambodia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 195. House of Commons. 22 July 1991. col. 863–883. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cambodia&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-863-883&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1991-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1991%2Fjul%2F22%2Fcambodia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jan/09/cambodia">"Butcher of Cambodia set to expose Thatcher's role"</a>. The Observer. 9 January 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144544/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jan/09/cambodia">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Butcher+of+Cambodia+set+to+expose+Thatcher%27s+role&rft.date=2000-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2000%2Fjan%2F09%2Fcambodia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reforms1988-229"><a href="#cite_ref-reforms1988_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE2DC1738F93BA25752C1A96E948260">"Gorbachev Policy Has Ended The Cold War, Thatcher Says"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. 18 November 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173109/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/18/world/gorbachev-policy-has-ended-the-cold-war-thatcher-says.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+Policy+Has+Ended+The+Cold+War%2C+Thatcher+Says&rft.date=1988-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D940DE2DC1738F93BA25752C1A96E948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemcovFarrar1989138-230"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemcovFarrar1989138_230-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZemcovFarrar1989">Zemcov & Farrar (1989)</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2001-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2001_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams2001">Williams (2001)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111260">"Ronald Reagan"</a>. The Times (Obituary). 6 June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628180545/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111260">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017 – via the Margaret Thatcher Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ronald+Reagan&rft.date=2004-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F111260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080904225816/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922079,00.html">"Trident is go"</a>. Time. 28 July 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922079,00.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Trident+is+go&rft.date=1980-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C922079%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/uk/slbm/vanguard.htm">"Vanguard Class Ballistic Missile Submarine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. 5 November 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123230232/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/uk/slbm/vanguard.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vanguard+Class+Ballistic+Missile+Submarine&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.date=1999-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Fuk%2Fslbm%2Fvanguard.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007419-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007419_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 419. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cannon-237"><a href="#cite_ref-Cannon_237-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannon1986" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Cannon" title="Lou Cannon">Cannon, Lou</a> (15 April 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/04/15/reagan-acted-upon-irrefutable-evidence/61170c59-b355-4e0a-8ab5-411bba4879e8">"Reagan Acted Upon 'Irrefutable' Evidence"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906092229/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/04/15/reagan-acted-upon-irrefutable-evidence/61170c59-b355-4e0a-8ab5-411bba4879e8/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Reagan+Acted+Upon+%27Irrefutable%27+Evidence&rft.date=1986-04-15&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Lou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1986%2F04%2F15%2Freagan-acted-upon-irrefutable-evidence%2F61170c59-b355-4e0a-8ab5-411bba4879e8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiddell1986" class="citation news cs1">Riddell, Peter (16 April 1986). "Thatcher Defends US Use Of British Bases in Libya bombing raid". Financial Times. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Thatcher+Defends+US+Use+Of+British+Bases+in+Libya+bombing+raid&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1986-04-16&rft.aulast=Riddell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1986/apr/15/engagements">"Engagements"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 95. House of Commons. 15 April 1986. pp. 723–728. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Engagements&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=723-728&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1986-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1986%2Fapr%2F15%2Fengagements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLejeune1986" class="citation news cs1">Lejeune, Anthony (23 May 1986). "A friend in need". National Review. Vol. 38, no. 1. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=A+friend+in+need&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1986-05-23&rft.aulast=Lejeune&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gw-pbs-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gw-pbs_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gw-pbs_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/thatcher/1.html">"Oral History: Margaret Thatcher"</a>. PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202075000/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/thatcher/1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oral+History%3A+Margaret+Thatcher&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fgulf%2Foral%2Fthatcher%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1992" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lewis" title="Anthony Lewis">Lewis, Anthony</a> (7 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEED9113AF934A3575BC0A964958260">"Abroad at Home; Will Bush Take Real Action?"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173131/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/07/opinion/abroad-at-home-will-bush-take-real-action.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abroad+at+Home%3B+Will+Bush+Take+Real+Action%3F&rft.date=1992-08-07&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CEED9113AF934A3575BC0A964958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/commentary/displaydocument.asp?docid=110711">"Gulf War: Bush–Thatcher phone conversation (no time to go wobbly)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 26 August 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420093131/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/commentary/displaydocument.asp?docid=110711">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gulf+War%3A+Bush%E2%80%93Thatcher+phone+conversation+%28no+time+to+go+wobbly%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1990-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fcommentary%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D110711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTisdall2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Tisdall" title="Simon Tisdall">Tisdall, Simon</a> (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/08/margaret-thatcher-iron-lady-world-stage">"No-nonsense Iron Lady punched above UK's weight on world stage"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731063611/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/08/margaret-thatcher-iron-lady-world-stage">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=No-nonsense+Iron+Lady+punched+above+UK%27s+weight+on+world+stage&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Tisdall&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Fapr%2F08%2Fmargaret-thatcher-iron-lady-world-stage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken2013600–601-246"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAitken2013600–601_246-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAitken2013">Aitken (2013)</a>, pp. 600–601. </li> <li id="cite_note-grice-247">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grice_247-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-grice_247-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrice2005" class="citation news cs1">Grice, Andrew (13 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/thatcher-reveals-her-doubts-over-basis-for-iraq-war-319542.html">"Thatcher reveals her doubts over basis for Iraq war"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025132508/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/thatcher-reveals-her-doubts-over-basis-for-iraq-war-319542.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Thatcher+reveals+her+doubts+over+basis+for+Iraq+war&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft.aulast=Grice&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fthatcher-reveals-her-doubts-over-basis-for-iraq-war-319542.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1991/feb/28/the-gulf#column_1120">"The Gulf"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. House of Commons. 28 February 1991. col. 1120. Retrieved 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gulf&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-1120&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1991-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1991%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fthe-gulf%23column_1120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40667031">"Margaret Thatcher suggested threatening Saddam with chemical weapons"</a>. BBC News. 20 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170722005112/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40667031">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+suggested+threatening+Saddam+with+chemical+weapons&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-40667031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMance2017" class="citation news cs1">Mance, Henry (20 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e2d78a20-6bcd-11e7-b9c7-15af748b60d0">"Thatcher wanted to threaten Saddam with chemical weapons"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170720180853/https://www.ft.com/content/e2d78a20-6bcd-11e7-b9c7-15af748b60d0">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Thatcher+wanted+to+threaten+Saddam+with+chemical+weapons&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft.aulast=Mance&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe2d78a20-6bcd-11e7-b9c7-15af748b60d0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith198921-251"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith198921_251-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1989">Smith (1989)</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackling2005230-252">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackling2005230_252-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackling2005230_252-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackling2005">Jackling (2005)</a>, p. 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins198380–81-253"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins198380–81_253-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHastingsJenkins1983">Hastings & Jenkins (1983)</a>, pp. 80–81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins198395-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins198395_254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHastingsJenkins1983">Hastings & Jenkins (1983)</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-liberation-255"><a href="#cite_ref-liberation_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2007" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Michael (15 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-falklands-25-years-since-the-iron-lady-won-her-war-v3dp2zx3h5h">"The Falklands: 25 years since the Iron Lady won her war"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210913174010/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-falklands-25-years-since-the-iron-lady-won-her-war-v3dp2zx3h5h">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Falklands%3A+25+years+since+the+Iron+Lady+won+her+war&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-falklands-25-years-since-the-iron-lady-won-her-war-v3dp2zx3h5h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins1983335–336-256"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHastingsJenkins1983335–336_256-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHastingsJenkins1983">Hastings & Jenkins (1983)</a>, pp. 335–336. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESandersWardMarsh1987-257"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandersWardMarsh1987_257-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSandersWardMarsh1987">Sanders, Ward & Marsh (1987)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Jenkins, Simon</a> (1 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/apr/01/falklands-war-thatcher-30-years">"Falklands war 30 years on and how it turned Thatcher into a world celebrity"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905232855/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/apr/01/falklands-war-thatcher-30-years">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Falklands+war+30+years+on+and+how+it+turned+Thatcher+into+a+world+celebrity&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2012%2Fapr%2F01%2Ffalklands-war-thatcher-30-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYahuda1996155-259"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYahuda1996155_259-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYahuda1996">Yahuda (1996)</a>, p. 155. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan2003116-260"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan2003116_260-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1988/feb/25/engagements#S6CV0128P0_19880225_HOC_113">"Engagements"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 128. House of Commons. 25 February 1988. col. 437. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Engagements&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-437&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1988-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1988%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fengagements%23S6CV0128P0_19880225_HOC_113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1988/jul/11/south-africa#S6CV0137P0_19880711_CWA_21">"South Africa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 137. Written Answers HC Deb. 11 July 1988. col. 3–4W. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+Africa&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-3-4W&rft.pub=Written+Answers+HC+Deb&rft.date=1988-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1988%2Fjul%2F11%2Fsouth-africa%23S6CV0137P0_19880711_CWA_21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a322-263"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a322_263-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, p. 322. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanning-264">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanning_264-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanning_264-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanning2013" class="citation news cs1">Hanning, James (8 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/the-terrorist-and-the-tories-what-did-nelson-mandela-really-think-of-margaret-thatcher-8990872.html">"The 'terrorist' and the Tories: What did Nelson Mandela really think of Margaret Thatcher?"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208093841/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/the-terrorist-and-the-tories-what-did-nelson-mandela-really-think-of-margaret-thatcher-8990872.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+%27terrorist%27+and+the+Tories%3A+What+did+Nelson+Mandela+really+think+of+Margaret+Thatcher%3F&rft.date=2013-12-08&rft.aulast=Hanning&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpolitics%2Fthe-terrorist-and-the-tories-what-did-nelson-mandela-really-think-of-margaret-thatcher-8990872.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a325-265"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a325_265-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, p. 325. </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaut2018" class="citation web cs1">Plaut, Martin (29 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/08/did-margaret-thatcher-really-call-nelson-mandela-terrorist">"Did Margaret Thatcher really call Nelson Mandela a terrorist?"</a>. New Statesman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906233752/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/08/did-margaret-thatcher-really-call-nelson-mandela-terrorist">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Did+Margaret+Thatcher+really+call+Nelson+Mandela+a+terrorist%3F&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.aulast=Plaut&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2Fuk%2F2018%2F08%2Fdid-margaret-thatcher-really-call-nelson-mandela-terrorist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruges-267">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruges_267-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruges_267-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=107332">"Speech to the College of Europe ('The Bruges Speech')"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 20 September 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513020525/http://margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=107332">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+the+College+of+Europe+%28%27The+Bruges+Speech%27%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1988-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D107332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-upi19750604-268"><a href="#cite_ref-upi19750604_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M7QsAAAAIBAJ&pg=2825%2C608551">"Conservatives favor remaining in market"</a>. Wilmington Morning Star. United Press International. 4 June 1975. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031074621/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M7QsAAAAIBAJ&pg=2825%2C608551">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilmington+Morning+Star&rft.atitle=Conservatives+favor+remaining+in+market&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1975-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DM7QsAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2825%252C608551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuper20190620-269">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kuper20190620_269-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuper20190620_269-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuper2019" class="citation news cs1">Kuper, Simon (20 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/85fc694c-9222-11e9-b7ea-60e35ef678d2">"How Oxford university shaped Brexit – and Britain's next prime minister"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621101919/https://www.ft.com/content/85fc694c-9222-11e9-b7ea-60e35ef678d2">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=How+Oxford+university+shaped+Brexit+%E2%80%93+and+Britain%27s+next+prime+minister&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Kuper&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F85fc694c-9222-11e9-b7ea-60e35ef678d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESenden20049-270">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenden20049_270-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenden20049_270-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSenden2004">Senden (2004)</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPylas2020" class="citation news cs1">Pylas, Pan (23 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/64855d1ff67454443db5132bdfb22ea6">"Britain's EU Journey: When Thatcher turned all euroskeptic"</a>. Associated Press News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030173846/https://apnews.com/64855d1ff67454443db5132bdfb22ea6">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+EU+Journey%3A+When+Thatcher+turned+all+euroskeptic&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft.aulast=Pylas&rft.aufirst=Pan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F64855d1ff67454443db5132bdfb22ea6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlitz2009" class="citation news cs1">Blitz, James (9 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/886192ba-9d7d-11de-9f4a-00144feabdc0">"Mitterrand feared emergence of 'bad' Germans"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190131042253/https://www.ft.com/content/886192ba-9d7d-11de-9f4a-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Mitterrand+feared+emergence+of+%27bad%27+Germans&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft.aulast=Blitz&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F886192ba-9d7d-11de-9f4a-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERatti2017chpt.&nbsp;4-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERatti2017chpt.&nbsp;4_273-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRatti2017">Ratti (2017)</a>, chpt. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGörtemaker2006198-275"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGörtemaker2006198_275-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGörtemaker2006">Görtemaker (2006)</a>, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a634-276"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a634_276-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, p. 634. </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLow2016" class="citation news cs1">Low, Valentine (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/germans-seen-as-self-pitying-egotistical-and-bullying-race-chl0zfqtd">"Germans seen as self-pitying, egotistical and bullying race"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210821212858/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/germans-seen-as-self-pitying-egotistical-and-bullying-race-chl0zfqtd">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Germans+seen+as+self-pitying%2C+egotistical+and+bullying+race&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fgermans-seen-as-self-pitying-egotistical-and-bullying-race-chl0zfqtd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowcott-278">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowcott_278-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowcott_278-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowcott2016" class="citation web cs1">Bowcott, Owen (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/helmut-kohl-margaret-thatcher-reunification-plans-national-archives-files">"Kohl offered Thatcher secret access to reunification plans"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517040338/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/helmut-kohl-margaret-thatcher-reunification-plans-national-archives-files">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kohl+offered+Thatcher+secret+access+to+reunification+plans&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Bowcott&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Fdec%2F30%2Fhelmut-kohl-margaret-thatcher-reunification-plans-national-archives-files&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrewe1991-279">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrewe1991_279-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrewe1991_279-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrewe1991">Crewe (1991)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ridley-280">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ridley_280-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ridley_280-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidley1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ridley" title="Matt Ridley">Ridley, Matt</a> (25 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000325/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1160505.html">"Et Tu, Heseltine?; Unpopularity Was a Grievous Fault, and Thatcher Hath Answered for It"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1160505.html">the original</a> on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Et+Tu%2C+Heseltine%3F%3B+Unpopularity+Was+a+Grievous+Fault%2C+and+Thatcher+Hath+Answered+for+It&rft.date=1990-11-25&rft.aulast=Ridley&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-1160505.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The poll tax incubus". Editorials/Leaders. The Times. No. 63872. London. 24 November 1990. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+poll+tax+incubus&rft.issue=63872&rft.pages=p.-13&rft.date=1990-11-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89election-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-89election_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-89election_282-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/5/newsid_2528000/2528339.stm">"5 December 1989: Thatcher beats off leadership rival"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307113658/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/5/newsid_2528000/2528339.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=5+December+1989%3A+Thatcher+beats+off+leadership+rival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fdecember%2F5%2Fnewsid_2528000%2F2528339.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-howe-283">^ <a href="#cite_ref-howe_283-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-howe_283-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/1/newsid_2513000/2513953.stm">"1 November 1990: Howe resigns over Europe policy"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307114118/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/1/newsid_2513000/2513953.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=1+November+1990%3A+Howe+resigns+over+Europe+policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F1%2Fnewsid_2513000%2F2513953.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-resign-nyt-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-resign-nyt_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-resign-nyt_284-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney1990" class="citation news cs1">Whitney, Craig R. (23 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1438F930A15752C1A966958260&sec=&spon=">"Change in Britain; Thatcher Says She'll Quit; 11½ Years as Prime Minister Ended by Party Challenge"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Change+in+Britain%3B+Thatcher+Says+She%27ll+Quit%3B+11%C2%BD+Years+as+Prime+Minister+Ended+by+Party+Challenge&rft.date=1990-11-23&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Craig+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C0CE6DB1438F930A15752C1A966958260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillership1990" class="citation news cs1">Millership, Peter (1 November 1990). "Thatcher's Deputy Quits in Row over Europe". Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thatcher%27s+Deputy+Quits+in+Row+over+Europe&rft.date=1990-11-01&rft.aulast=Millership&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Walters" title="Alan Walters">Walters, Alan</a> (5 December 1990). "Sir Geoffrey Howe's resignation was fatal blow in Mrs Thatcher's political assassination". News. The Times. No. 63881. London. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Sir+Geoffrey+Howe%27s+resignation+was+fatal+blow+in+Mrs+Thatcher%27s+political+assassination&rft.issue=63881&rft.pages=p.-12&rft.date=1990-12-05&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1990/nov/13/personal-statement">"Personal Statement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a>. Vol. 180. House of Commons. 13 November 1990. col. 461–465. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personal+Statement&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=col.-461-465&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1990-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1990%2Fnov%2F13%2Fpersonal-statement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Sir Geoffrey Howe savages Prime Minister over European stance in resignation speech". Politics and Parliament. The Times. No. 63863. London. 14 November 1990. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Sir+Geoffrey+Howe+savages+Prime+Minister+over+European+stance+in+resignation+speech&rft.issue=63863&rft.pages=p.-3&rft.date=1990-11-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Frankel" title="Glenn Frankel">Frankel, Glenn</a> (15 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/11/15/heseltine-challenges-thatcher-for-her-job/13f1b56b-2db0-44c8-b75d-8b2a31a16a07">"Heseltine challenges Thatcher for her job"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810172436/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/11/15/heseltine-challenges-thatcher-for-her-job/13f1b56b-2db0-44c8-b75d-8b2a31a16a07/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Heseltine+challenges+Thatcher+for+her+job&rft.date=1990-11-15&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1990%2F11%2F15%2Fheseltine-challenges-thatcher-for-her-job%2F13f1b56b-2db0-44c8-b75d-8b2a31a16a07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007473-290"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007473_290-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 473. </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipsey1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Lipsey,_Baron_Lipsey" title="David Lipsey, Baron Lipsey">Lipsey, David</a> (21 November 1990). "Poll swing followed downturn by Tories; Conservative Party leadership". News. The Times. No. 63869. London. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Poll+swing+followed+downturn+by+Tories%3B+Conservative+Party+leadership&rft.issue=63869&rft.pages=p.-2&rft.date=1990-11-21&rft.aulast=Lipsey&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199866-292"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams199866_292-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams1998">Williams (1998)</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-resign-bbc-293"><a href="#cite_ref-resign-bbc_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_2549000/2549189.stm">"22 November 1990: Thatcher quits as prime minister"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307114202/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_2549000/2549189.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=22+November+1990%3A+Thatcher+quits+as+prime+minister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F22%2Fnewsid_2549000%2F2549189.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108256">"HC S: [Confidence in Her Majesty's Government]"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 22 November 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407102050/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108256">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HC+S%3A+%5BConfidence+in+Her+Majesty%27s+Government%5D&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1990-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F108256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007474-295"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007474_295-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 474. </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravis2016" class="citation news cs1">Travis, Alan (30 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/margaret-thatcher-resignation-shocked-us-ussr-files">"Margaret Thatcher's resignation shocked politicians in US and USSR, files show"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108115705/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/margaret-thatcher-resignation-shocked-us-ussr-files">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+resignation+shocked+politicians+in+US+and+USSR%2C+files+show&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Fdec%2F30%2Fmargaret-thatcher-resignation-shocked-us-ussr-files&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKettle2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kettle" title="Martin Kettle">Kettle, Martin</a> (4 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/04/electionspast.past3">"Pollsters taxed"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109160116/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/04/electionspast.past3">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pollsters+taxed&rft.date=2005-04-04&rft.aulast=Kettle&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2005%2Fapr%2F04%2Felectionspast.past3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/463873.stm">"Major attacks 'warrior' Thatcher"</a>. BBC News. 3 October 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031011111013/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/463873.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2003. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Major+attacks+%27warrior%27+Thatcher&rft.date=1999-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F463873.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitan2003118-299"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitan2003118_299-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan (2003)</a>, p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ipsos-300">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ipsos_300-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ipsos_300-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170722003205/https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/margaret-thatcher-1925-2013">"Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ipsos_MORI" title="Ipsos MORI">Ipsos MORI</a>. 8 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/margaret-thatcher-1925-2013">the original</a> on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017. <q>At the time of her resignation [...] 52% of the public said that they thought her government had been good for the country and 40% that it had been bad.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher+%281925%E2%80%932013%29&rft.pub=Ipsos+MORI&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos.com%2Fipsos-mori%2Fen-uk%2Fmargaret-thatcher-1925-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lords-301">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lords_301-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lords_301-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lords_301-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2523000/2523395.stm">"30 June 1992: Thatcher takes her place in Lords"</a>. On This Day 1950–2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307130818/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2523000/2523395.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008 – via BBC News Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=30+June+1992%3A+Thatcher+takes+her+place+in+Lords&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjune%2F30%2Fnewsid_2523000%2F2523395.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/archive/thatcher-archive.asp">"Thatcher Archive"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926225828/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/archive/thatcher-archive.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thatcher+Archive&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Farchive%2Fthatcher-archive.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkham2005" class="citation news cs1">Barkham, Patrick (11 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/may/11/conservatives.politics">"End of an era for Thatcher foundation"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928211215/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/may/11/conservatives.politics">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2013. <q>Mystery surrounds the future of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation after it emerged that the British wing of the high-profile organisation set up by the former prime minister in 1991 was formally dissolved at Companies House two days before the general election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=End+of+an+era+for+Thatcher+foundation&rft.date=2005-05-11&rft.aulast=Barkham&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2005%2Fmay%2F11%2Fconservatives.politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Matthew (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/09/margaret-thatcher-estate-family-secret">"Margaret Thatcher's estate still a family secret"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928211300/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/09/margaret-thatcher-estate-family-secret">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+estate+still+a+family+secret&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Fapr%2F09%2Fmargaret-thatcher-estate-family-secret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-07-19-mn-4763-story.html">"Tobacco Company Hires Margaret Thatcher as Consultant"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 19 July 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630132953/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-07-19/news/mn-4763_1_margaret-thatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tobacco+Company+Hires+Margaret+Thatcher+as+Consultant&rft.date=1992-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-07-19-mn-4763-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Harris_(critic)" title="John Harris (critic)">Harris, John</a> (3 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/feb/03/past.conservatives?INTCMP=SRCH">"Into the void"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225054519/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/feb/03/past.conservatives?INTCMP=SRCH">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Into+the+void&rft.date=2007-02-03&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F03%2Fpast.conservatives%3FINTCMP%3DSRCH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111358">"TV Interview for HRT (Croatian radiotelevision)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 22 December 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110701055009/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111358">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TV+Interview+for+HRT+%28Croatian+radiotelevision%29&rft.date=1991-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F111358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney1991" class="citation news cs1">Whitney, Craig R. (24 November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE5D7123DF937A15752C1A967958260">"Thatcher Close to Break With Her Replacement"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173134/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/24/world/thatcher-close-to-break-with-her-replacement.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thatcher+Close+to+Break+With+Her+Replacement&rft.date=1991-11-24&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Craig+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9D0CE5D7123DF937A15752C1A967958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThatcher1992" class="citation news cs1">Thatcher, Margaret (6 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE7DE1731F935A3575BC0A964958260&sec=&spon=">"Stop the Excuses. Help Bosnia Now"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173132/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/06/opinion/stop-the-excuses-help-bosnia-now.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stop+the+Excuses.+Help+Bosnia+Now&rft.date=1992-08-06&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CE7DE1731F935A3575BC0A964958260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108314">"House of Lords European Communities (Amendment) Bill Speech"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 7 June 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513085456/http://margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108314">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+European+Communities+%28Amendment%29+Bill+Speech&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1993-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D108314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108291">"House of Commons European Community debate"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 20 November 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195136/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108291">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+European+Community+debate&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1991-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D108291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wm.edu/about/administration/chancellor/robe/index.php">"Chancellor's Robe"</a>. College of William & Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119054532/http://www.wm.edu/about/administration/chancellor/robe/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chancellor%27s+Robe&rft.pub=College+of+William+%26+Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wm.edu%2Fabout%2Fadministration%2Fchancellor%2Frobe%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOulton1992" class="citation news cs1">Oulton, Charles (1 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/thatcher-installed-as-chancellor-of-private-university-charles-oulton-reports-on-a-day-of-mixed-emotions-for-the-former-prime-minister-1554652.html">"Thatcher installed as chancellor of private university"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128210133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/thatcher-installed-as-chancellor-of-private-university-charles-oulton-reports-on-a-day-of-mixed-emotions-for-the-former-prime-minister-1554652.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Thatcher+installed+as+chancellor+of+private+university&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.aulast=Oulton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthatcher-installed-as-chancellor-of-private-university-charles-oulton-reports-on-a-day-of-mixed-emotions-for-the-former-prime-minister-1554652.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kealey-314">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kealey_314-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kealey_314-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKealey2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Kealey" title="Terence Kealey">Kealey, Terence</a> (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819022057/https://www.buckingham.ac.uk/latest-news/university-mourns-death-of-lady-thatcher">"University mourns death of Lady Thatcher"</a>. University of Buckingham. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buckingham.ac.uk/latest-news/university-mourns-death-of-lady-thatcher">the original</a> on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+mourns+death+of+Lady+Thatcher&rft.pub=University+of+Buckingham&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Kealey&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buckingham.ac.uk%2Flatest-news%2Funiversity-mourns-death-of-lady-thatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastle1995" class="citation news cs1">Castle, Stephen (28 May 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/thatcher-praises-formidable-blair-1621354.html">"Thatcher praises 'formidable' Blair"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228232439/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/thatcher-praises-formidable-blair-1621354.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Thatcher+praises+%27formidable%27+Blair&rft.date=1995-05-28&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fthatcher-praises-formidable-blair-1621354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1997" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Woodward, Robert</a> (15 March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gaZNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6603%2C5897694">"Thatcher seen closer to Blair than Major"</a>. The Nation. London, UK. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173046/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gaZNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6603%2C5897694">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Thatcher+seen+closer+to+Blair+than+Major&rft.date=1997-03-15&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DgaZNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6603%252C5897694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/198604.stm">"Pinochet – Thatcher's ally"</a>. BBC News. 22 October 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110132525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/198604.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pinochet+%E2%80%93+Thatcher%27s+ally&rft.date=1998-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F198604.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/304516.stm">"Thatcher stands by Pinochet"</a>. BBC News. 26 March 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100217081915/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/304516.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Thatcher+stands+by+Pinochet&rft.date=1999-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F304516.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/663170.stm">"Pinochet set free"</a>. BBC News. 2 March 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016002953/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/663170.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pinochet+set+free&rft.date=2000-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F663170.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108390">"Letter supporting Iain Duncan Smith for the Conservative leadership published in the Daily Telegraph"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 21 August 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218065601/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108390">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+supporting+Iain+Duncan+Smith+for+the+Conservative+leadership+published+in+the+Daily+Telegraph&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=2001-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D108390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thatcher_NYT-321"><a href="#cite_ref-Thatcher_NYT_321-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThatcher2002" class="citation news cs1">Thatcher, Margaret (11 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/11/opinion/11THAT.html">"Advice to a Superpower"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016012202/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/11/opinion/11THAT.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Advice+to+a+Superpower&rft.date=2002-02-11&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F02%2F11%2Fopinion%2F11THAT.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thatcher_Blair_Iraq-322"><a href="#cite_ref-Thatcher_Blair_Iraq_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnden2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Harnden" title="Toby Harnden">Harnden, Toby</a> (11 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1415788/Thatcher-praises-Blair-for-standing-firm-with-US-on-Iraq.html">"Thatcher praises Blair for standing firm with US on Iraq"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210913173639/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1415788/Thatcher-praises-Blair-for-standing-firm-with-US-on-Iraq.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Thatcher+praises+Blair+for+standing+firm+with+US+on+Iraq&rft.date=2002-12-11&rft.aulast=Harnden&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F1415788%2FThatcher-praises-Blair-for-standing-firm-with-US-on-Iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGloverEconomides201020-323"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGloverEconomides201020_323-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGloverEconomides2010">Glover & Economides (2010)</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wintour" title="Patrick Wintour">Wintour, Patrick</a> (18 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2002/mar/18/uk.eu">"Britain must quit EU, says Thatcher"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213313/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2002/mar/18/uk.eu">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Britain+must+quit+EU%2C+says+Thatcher&rft.date=2002-03-18&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2002%2Fmar%2F18%2Fuk.eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=109305">"Statement from the office of the Rt Hon Baroness Thatcher LG OM FRS"</a> (Press release). Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 22 March 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007032938/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=109305">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+from+the+office+of+the+Rt+Hon+Baroness+Thatcher+LG+OM+FRS&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D109305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2003796–798-326"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2003796–798_326-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2003">Campbell (2003)</a>, pp. 796–798. </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempest2003" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tempest" title="Matthew Tempest">Tempest, Matthew</a> (26 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/26/obituaries.politics">"Sir Denis Thatcher dies aged 88"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808194009/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/26/obituaries.politics">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sir+Denis+Thatcher+dies+aged+88&rft.date=2003-06-26&rft.aulast=Tempest&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2003%2Fjun%2F26%2Fobituaries.politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3041546.stm">"Lady Thatcher bids Denis farewell"</a>. BBC News. 3 July 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808195919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3041546.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lady+Thatcher+bids+Denis+farewell&rft.date=2003-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3041546.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109022946/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/11/thatcher.transcript/">"Thatcher: 'Reagan's life was providential'"</a>. CNN. 11 June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/11/thatcher.transcript">the original</a> on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thatcher%3A+%27Reagan%27s+life+was+providential%27&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2004%2FALLPOLITICS%2F06%2F11%2Fthatcher.transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3793565.stm">"Thatcher's final visit to Reagan"</a>. BBC News. 10 June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330090938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3793565.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Thatcher%27s+final+visit+to+Reagan&rft.date=2004-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F3793565.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussellSparrow2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Russell" title="Alec Russell">Russell, Alec</a> & Sparrow, Andrew (7 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1463874/Thatchers-taped-eulogy-at-Reagan-funeral.html">"Thatcher's taped eulogy at Reagan funeral"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160707040239/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1463874/Thatchers-taped-eulogy-at-Reagan-funeral.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Thatcher%27s+taped+eulogy+at+Reagan+funeral&rft.date=2004-06-07&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft.au=Sparrow%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fnorthamerica%2Fusa%2F1463874%2FThatchers-taped-eulogy-at-Reagan-funeral.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3800315.stm">"Private burial for Ronald Reagan"</a>. BBC News. 12 June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016022432/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3800315.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Private+burial+for+Ronald+Reagan&rft.date=2004-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F3800315.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4329132.stm">"Thatcher marks 80th with a speech"</a>. BBC News. 13 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208082439/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4329132.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Thatcher+marks+80th+with+a+speech&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F4329132.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4337404.stm">"Birthday tributes to Thatcher"</a>. BBC News. 13 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061112154711/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4337404.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2006. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Birthday+tributes+to+Thatcher&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F4337404.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060922193936/http://montevideo.usembassy.gov/usaweb/paginas/2006/06-334EN.shtml">"9/11 Remembrance Honors Victims from More Than 90 Countries"</a>. US Department of State. 11 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montevideo.usembassy.gov/usaweb/paginas/2006/06-334EN.shtml">the original</a> on 22 September 2006. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9%2F11+Remembrance+Honors+Victims+from+More+Than+90+Countries&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft.date=2006-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmontevideo.usembassy.gov%2Fusaweb%2Fpaginas%2F2006%2F06-334EN.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bronze-336">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bronze_336-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bronze_336-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6384029.stm">"Iron Lady is honoured in bronze"</a>. BBC News. 21 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307201021/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6384029.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Iron+Lady+is+honoured+in+bronze&rft.date=2007-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F6384029.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518124148/http://victimsofcommunism.org/media/article.php?article=3850">"Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Communism_Memorial_Foundation" title="Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation">Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation</a>. 9 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victimsofcommunism.org/media/article.php?article=3850">the original</a> on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prague+Declaration+on+European+Conscience+and+Communism&rft.pub=Victims+of+Communism+Memorial+Foundation&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victimsofcommunism.org%2Fmedia%2Farticle.php%3Farticle%3D3850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Charles (9 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1581197/Thatcher-risks-becoming-a-national-treasure.html">"Thatcher risks becoming a national treasure"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135223/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1581197/Thatcher-risks-becoming-a-national-treasure.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Thatcher+risks+becoming+a+national+treasure&rft.date=2008-03-09&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1581197%2FThatcher-risks-becoming-a-national-treasure.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8097018.stm">"Lady Thatcher treated after fall"</a>. BBC News. 12 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8097018.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lady+Thatcher+treated+after+fall&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8097018.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThatcherReturns-340">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ThatcherReturns_340-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThatcherReturns_340-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126182445/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6636644/Margaret-Thatcher-returns-to-Downing-Street.html">"Margaret Thatcher returns to Downing Street"</a>. The Telegraph. 23 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6636644/Margaret-Thatcher-returns-to-Downing-Street.html">the original</a> on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+returns+to+Downing+Street&rft.date=2009-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F6636644%2FMargaret-Thatcher-returns-to-Downing-Street.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14009137">"Ronald Reagan statue unveiled at US Embassy in London"</a>. BBC News. 4 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111215743/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14009137">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ronald+Reagan+statue+unveiled+at+US+Embassy+in+London&rft.date=2011-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-14009137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords''2012-342"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords''2012_342-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJournals_of_the_House_of_Lords2012">Journals of the House of Lords (2012)</a>, <q>Thatcher, B.</q> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacey2011" class="citation news cs1">Stacey, Kiran (3 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d4e23a0c-a3f9-11e0-8b4f-00144feabdc0.html">"Thatcher heads poll of most competent PMs"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002740/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d4e23a0c-a3f9-11e0-8b4f-00144feabdc0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Thatcher+heads+poll+of+most+competent+PMs&rft.date=2011-07-03&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=Kiran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fd4e23a0c-a3f9-11e0-8b4f-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langley-344">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langley_344-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langley_344-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangley2008" class="citation news cs1">Langley, William (30 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/profiles/2652365/Profile-Carol-Thatcher-daughter-of-the-revolution.html">"Carol Thatcher, daughter of the revolution"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112112840/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/profiles/2652365/Profile-Carol-Thatcher-daughter-of-the-revolution.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Carol+Thatcher%2C+daughter+of+the+revolution&rft.date=2008-08-30&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fprofiles%2F2652365%2FProfile-Carol-Thatcher-daughter-of-the-revolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2008" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Francis (25 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111317">"Margaret Thatcher's struggle with dementia revealed in daughter's memoir"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170531035605/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/111317">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017 – via the Margaret Thatcher Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+struggle+with+dementia+revealed+in+daughter%27s+memoir&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F111317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinford2013" class="citation news cs1">Swinford, Steven (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9980269/Margaret-Thatcher-final-moments-in-hotel-without-her-family-by-her-bedside.html">"Margaret Thatcher: final moments in hotel without her family by her bedside"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130113809/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9980269/Margaret-Thatcher-final-moments-in-hotel-without-her-family-by-her-bedside.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+final+moments+in+hotel+without+her+family+by+her+bedside&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Swinford&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F9980269%2FMargaret-Thatcher-final-moments-in-hotel-without-her-family-by-her-bedside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-347">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_347-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_347-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2013" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Rowena (16 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9997368/Margaret-Thatcher-described-as-retired-stateswoman-on-death-certificate.html">"Margaret Thatcher described as 'retired stateswoman' on death certificate"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130419013555/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9997368/Margaret-Thatcher-described-as-retired-stateswoman-on-death-certificate.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+described+as+%27retired+stateswoman%27+on+death+certificate&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F9997368%2FMargaret-Thatcher-described-as-retired-stateswoman-on-death-certificate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsCowell2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher_Burns" title="John Fisher Burns">Burns, John F.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cowell" title="Alan Cowell">Cowell, Alan</a> (10 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/world/europe/british-lawmakers-margaret-thatcher-legacy.html">"Parliament Debates Thatcher Legacy, as Vitriol Flows Online and in Streets"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420131956/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/world/europe/british-lawmakers-margaret-thatcher-legacy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Parliament+Debates+Thatcher+Legacy%2C+as+Vitriol+Flows+Online+and+in+Streets&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft.au=Cowell%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F11%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbritish-lawmakers-margaret-thatcher-legacy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent,_12_April_2013-349"><a href="#cite_ref-Independent,_12_April_2013_349-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2013" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Oliver (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/funeral-will-be-a-ceremonial-service-in-line-with-baroness-thatchers-wishes-8565093.html">"Funeral will be a 'ceremonial' service in line with Baroness Thatcher's wishes"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130412095123/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/funeral-will-be-a-ceremonial-service-in-line-with-baroness-thatchers-wishes-8565093.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Funeral+will+be+a+%27ceremonial%27+service+in+line+with+Baroness+Thatcher%27s+wishes&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Ffuneral-will-be-a-ceremonial-service-in-line-with-baroness-thatchers-wishes-8565093.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-350"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_350-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22067155">"Ex-Prime Minister Baroness Thatcher dies, aged 87"</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031074659/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22067155">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ex-Prime+Minister+Baroness+Thatcher+dies%2C+aged+87&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-22067155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News,_9_April_2013-351"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News,_9_April_2013_351-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22079749">"Margaret Thatcher funeral set for next week"</a>. BBC News. 9 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021081324/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22079749">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+funeral+set+for+next+week&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-22079749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22177366">"Margaret Thatcher: Queen leads mourners at funeral"</a>. BBC News. 17 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504194758/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22177366">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+Queen+leads+mourners+at+funeral&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-22177366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2013" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Caroline (10 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/10/queen-decision-lady-thatcher-funeral">"Queen made personal decision to attend Lady Thatcher's funeral"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109155827/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/10/queen-decision-lady-thatcher-funeral">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Queen+made+personal+decision+to+attend+Lady+Thatcher%27s+funeral&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Fapr%2F10%2Fqueen-decision-lady-thatcher-funeral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/10341402/Baroness-Thatchers-ashes-laid-to-rest.html">"Baroness Thatcher's ashes laid to rest"</a>. The Telegraph. 28 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413185023/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/10341402/Baroness-Thatchers-ashes-laid-to-rest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Baroness+Thatcher%27s+ashes+laid+to+rest&rft.date=2013-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F10341402%2FBaroness-Thatchers-ashes-laid-to-rest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-intere-355"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-intere_355-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24316701">"Margaret Thatcher's ashes laid to rest at Royal Hospital Chelsea"</a>. BBC News. 28 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924105909/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24316701">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+ashes+laid+to+rest+at+Royal+Hospital+Chelsea&rft.date=2013-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-24316701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein1985-357"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein1985_357-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlein1985">Klein (1985)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007358-358"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007358_358-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 358. </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-359"><a href="#cite_ref-eb_359-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungn.d." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Young" title="Hugo Young">Young, Hugo</a> (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/590098/Margaret-Thatcher">"Margaret Thatcher profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031211708/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/590098/Margaret-Thatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+profile&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F590098%2FMargaret-Thatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBootle2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bootle" title="Roger Bootle">Bootle, Roger</a> (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9979362/Margaret-Thatcher-the-economic-achievements-and-legacy-of-Thatcherism.html">"Margaret Thatcher: the economic achievements and legacy of Thatcherism"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704110154/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9979362/Margaret-Thatcher-the-economic-achievements-and-legacy-of-Thatcherism.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+the+economic+achievements+and+legacy+of+Thatcherism&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Bootle&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F9979362%2FMargaret-Thatcher-the-economic-achievements-and-legacy-of-Thatcherism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a530–532-362"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a530–532_362-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, pp. 530–532. </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106689">"Interview for Woman's Own ('no such thing as society') with journalist Douglas Keay"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 23 September 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427052051/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106689">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+for+Woman%27s+Own+%28%27no+such+thing+as+society%27%29+with+journalist+Douglas+Keay&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1987-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fspeeches%2Fdisplaydocument.asp%3Fdocid%3D106689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarr2007430-364"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarr2007430_364-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarr2007">Marr (2007)</a>, p. 430. </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22079683">"What is Thatcherism?"</a>. BBC News. 10 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811054456/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22079683">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+is+Thatcherism%3F&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-22079683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-legacy-bbc-366">^ <a href="#cite_ref-legacy-bbc_366-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-legacy-bbc_366-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3681973.stm">"Evaluating Thatcher's legacy"</a>. BBC News. 4 May 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209115746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3681973.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Thatcher%27s+legacy&rft.date=2004-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3681973.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22070491">"The Thatcher years in statistics"</a>. BBC News. 9 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224070722/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22070491">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Thatcher+years+in+statistics&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-22070491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200463-368"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200463_368-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichards2004">Richards (2004)</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22073527">"Margaret Thatcher: How the economy changed"</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161014025026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22073527">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+How+the+economy+changed&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-22073527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenmanMcDonald1996" class="citation web cs1">Denman, James & McDonald, Paul (January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-trends--discontinued-/january-1996/unemployment-since-1881.pdf">"Unemployment statistics from 1881 to the present day"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Government_Statistical_Service" title="Government Statistical Service">Government Statistical Service</a>. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103339/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-trends--discontinued-/january-1996/unemployment-since-1881.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unemployment+statistics+from+1881+to+the+present+day&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Government+Statistical+Service&rft.date=1996-01&rft.aulast=Denman&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Flms%2Flabour-market-trends--discontinued-%2Fjanuary-1996%2Funemployment-since-1881.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/959ebdda-a2cf-11e2-bd45-00144feabdc0">"Industrialists split over Thatcher legacy"</a>. Financial Times. 12 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210912185844/https://www.ft.com/content/959ebdda-a2cf-11e2-bd45-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Industrialists+split+over+Thatcher+legacy&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F959ebdda-a2cf-11e2-bd45-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a79-372"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a79_372-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllardyce2009" class="citation news cs1">Allardyce, Jason (26 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/margaret-thatcher-i-did-right-by-scots-bwjjcdbwbx9">"Margaret Thatcher: I did right by Scots"</a>. The Sunday Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210912185513/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/margaret-thatcher-i-did-right-by-scots-bwjjcdbwbx9">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+I+did+right+by+Scots&rft.date=2009-04-26&rft.aulast=Allardyce&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmargaret-thatcher-i-did-right-by-scots-bwjjcdbwbx9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble200916-374"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble200916_374-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGamble2009">Gamble (2009)</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-greatestpm-375"><a href="#cite_ref-greatestpm_375-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/7593554.stm">"Who has been UK's greatest post-war PM?"</a>. BBC News. 16 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906000712/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/7593554.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+has+been+UK%27s+greatest+post-war+PM%3F&rft.date=2008-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fnewsnight%2F7593554.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22072074">"Margaret Thatcher: A 'Marmite' prime minister, says Rhodri Morgan"</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609081401/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22072074">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+A+%27Marmite%27+prime+minister%2C+says+Rhodri+Morgan&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-22072074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2012176Blundell201388-377"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2012176Blundell201388_377-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest2012">West (2012)</a>, p. 176; <a href="#CITEREFBlundell2013">Blundell (2013)</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2009" class="citation magazine cs1">White, Michael (26 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2009/02/margaret-thatcher-british">"The making of Maggie"</a>. New Statesman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061634/http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2009/02/margaret-thatcher-british">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017. <q>Her 'freer, more promiscuous version of capitalism' (in Hugo Young's phrase) is reaping a darker harvest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+making+of+Maggie&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fbooks%2F2009%2F02%2Fmargaret-thatcher-british&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothbard1995chpt._63-379"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothbard1995chpt._63_379-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRothbard1995">Rothbard (1995)</a>, chpt. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Reenen2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Reenen_(economist)" title="John Van Reenen (economist)">Van Reenen, John</a> (10 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/the-economic-legacy-of-mrs-thatcher-2">"The economic legacy of Mrs. Thatcher is a mixed bag"</a>. <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061433/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/the-economic-legacy-of-mrs-thatcher-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+economic+legacy+of+Mrs.+Thatcher+is+a+mixed+bag&rft.pub=London+School+of+Economics&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft.aulast=Van+Reenen&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Fpoliticsandpolicy%2Fthe-economic-legacy-of-mrs-thatcher-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson1991chpt._8-381"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson1991chpt._8_381-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohnson1991">Johnson (1991)</a>, chpt. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200425-382"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200425_382-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2004">Evans (2004)</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns2009234-383"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns2009234_383-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurns2009">Burns (2009)</a>, p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurvis2013-384"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurvis2013_384-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPurvis2013">Purvis (2013)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb198958–59-385"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb198958–59_385-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGelb1989">Gelb (1989)</a>, pp. 58–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitte201454-386"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitte201454_386-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitte2014">Witte (2014)</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker1981Chin200992-387"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker1981Chin200992_387-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarker1981">Barker (1981)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFChin2009">Chin (2009)</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitte201453–54-388"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitte201453–54_388-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitte2014">Witte (2014)</a>, pp. 53–54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman200613-389"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman200613_389-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFriedman2006">Friedman (2006)</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2004128Vinen2009227,_279-390"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2004128Vinen2009227,_279_390-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWard2004">Ward (2004)</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFVinen2009">Vinen (2009)</a>, pp. 227, 279. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2000207–208-391"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen2000207–208_391-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen2000">Hansen (2000)</a>, pp. 207–208. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnwar2001-392"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnwar2001_392-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnwar2001">Anwar (2001)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKampfner2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kampfner" title="John Kampfner">Kampfner, John</a> (17 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/themargaretthatcheryears/1895878/Margaret-Thatcher-inspiration-to-New-Labour.html">"Margaret Thatcher, inspiration to New Labour"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181019082215/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/themargaretthatcheryears/1895878/Margaret-Thatcher-inspiration-to-New-Labour.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%2C+inspiration+to+New+Labour&rft.date=2008-04-17&rft.aulast=Kampfner&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fthemargaretthatcheryears%2F1895878%2FMargaret-Thatcher-inspiration-to-New-Labour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldon200714-395"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeldon200714_395-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeldon2007">Seldon (2007)</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssinder2007" class="citation news cs1">Assinder, Nick (10 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6129844.stm">"How Blair recreated Labour"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312022307/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6129844.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+Blair+recreated+Labour&rft.date=2007-05-10&rft.aulast=Assinder&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F6129844.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Jodie (30 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-england-31868550">"'Essex Man' 2015: Does the Thatcher-era stereotype still pack a political punch?"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314025416/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2015-england-31868550">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Essex+Man%27+2015%3A+Does+the+Thatcher-era+stereotype+still+pack+a+political+punch%3F&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jodie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Felection-2015-england-31868550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSmithChuGarner2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_McSmith" title="Andy McSmith">McSmith, Andy</a>; Chu, Ben & Garner, Richard (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/margaret-thatchers-legacy-spilt-milk-new-labour-and-the-big-bang-she-changed-everything-8564541.html">"Margaret Thatcher's legacy: Spilt milk, New Labour, and the Big Bang – she changed everything"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230231827/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/margaret-thatchers-legacy-spilt-milk-new-labour-and-the-big-bang-she-changed-everything-8564541.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%27s+legacy%3A+Spilt+milk%2C+New+Labour%2C+and+the+Big+Bang+%E2%80%93+she+changed+everything&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=McSmith&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Chu%2C+Ben&rft.au=Garner%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatchers-legacy-spilt-milk-new-labour-and-the-big-bang-she-changed-everything-8564541.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a790-399"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2011a790_399-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell2011a">Campbell (2011a)</a>, p. 790. </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinwoodie2013" class="citation news cs1">Dinwoodie, Robbie (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/political-news/first-minister-her-policies-made-scots-believe-that-devolution-was-essential.20640632">"First Minister: Her policies made Scots believe that devolution was essential"</a>. The Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109215642/http://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/political-news/first-minister-her-policies-made-scots-believe-that-devolution-was-essential.20640632">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=First+Minister%3A+Her+policies+made+Scots+believe+that+devolution+was+essential&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Dinwoodie&rft.aufirst=Robbie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitical-news%2Ffirst-minister-her-policies-made-scots-believe-that-devolution-was-essential.20640632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411051526/http://player.stv.tv/programmes/scotland-tonight/2013-04-08-2230/">"Scotland Tonight"</a>. STV Player. 8 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://player.stv.tv/programmes/scotland-tonight/2013-04-08-2230">the original</a> on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland+Tonight&rft.pub=STV+Player&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplayer.stv.tv%2Fprogrammes%2Fscotland-tonight%2F2013-04-08-2230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108373">"Article for the Scotsman (devolution referendum)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 9 September 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170531035317/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108373">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+for+the+Scotsman+%28devolution+referendum%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1997-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F108373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardinerThompson201312-404"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardinerThompson201312_404-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGardinerThompson2013">Gardiner & Thompson (2013)</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackay1987" class="citation news cs1">Mackay, Robert (28 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/12/28/Thatcher-longest-serving-British-prime-minister/8486567666000">"Thatcher longest serving British prime minister"</a>. United Press International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303004520/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/12/28/Thatcher-longest-serving-British-prime-minister/8486567666000">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Thatcher+longest+serving+British+prime+minister&rft.date=1987-12-28&rft.aulast=Mackay&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1987%2F12%2F28%2FThatcher-longest-serving-British-prime-minister%2F8486567666000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimbern.d." class="citation web cs1">Kimber, Richard (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428175636/http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge79/results.htm">"UK General Election May 1979: Results and statistics"</a>. Political Science Resources. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge79/results.htm">the original</a> on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Resources&rft.atitle=UK+General+Election+May+1979%3A+Results+and+statistics&rft.aulast=Kimber&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsresources.net%2Farea%2Fuk%2Fge79%2Fresults.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/m09.pdf">"General Election Results"</a> (PDF). UK Parliament. 9 June 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029150237/http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/m09.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Election+Results&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft.date=1983-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcommons-information-office%2Fm09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/m11.pdf">"General Election Results"</a> (PDF). UK Parliament. 11 June 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107031834/http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/m11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Election+Results&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft.date=1987-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcommons-information-office%2Fm11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0p5r_ibGT4">UK General Election Results</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>. Retrieved 21 March 2017 (Broadcast 12 June 1987). </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021204214727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml">"Great Britons – Top 100"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_History" title="BBC History">BBC History</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml">the original</a> on 4 December 2002. Retrieved 11 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+History&rft.atitle=Great+Britons+%E2%80%93+Top+100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fprogrammes%2Fgreatbritons%2Flist.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuittner1999" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Quittner" title="Josh Quittner">Quittner, Joshua</a> (14 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130308133259/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html">"Margaret Thatcher – Time 100 People of the Century"</a>. Time. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html">the original</a> on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+%E2%80%93+Time+100+People+of+the+Century&rft.date=1999-04-14&rft.aulast=Quittner&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C26473%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoult2015" class="citation news cs1">Boult, Adam (1 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/12027994/Margaret-Thatcher-voted-most-influential-woman-of-past-200-years.html">"Margaret Thatcher voted most influential woman of past 200 years"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075046/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/12027994/Margaret-Thatcher-voted-most-influential-woman-of-past-200-years.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+voted+most+influential+woman+of+past+200+years&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.aulast=Boult&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fmargaret-thatcher%2F12027994%2FMargaret-Thatcher-voted-most-influential-woman-of-past-200-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/PnqpZRvgbvMFBCtrwHhhTZ/the-7-women-whove-changed-womens-lives">"Woman's Hour – The 7 women who've changed women's lives – BBC Radio 4"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173034/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/PnqpZRvgbvMFBCtrwHhhTZ/the-seven-women-whove-changed-womens-lives">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2016. <q>Topping the 2016 Power List – in our only ranked position – is the UK's first female Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Woman%27s+Hour+%E2%80%93+The+7+women+who%27ve+changed+women%27s+lives+%E2%80%93+BBC+Radio+4&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Farticles%2FPnqpZRvgbvMFBCtrwHhhTZ%2Fthe-7-women-whove-changed-womens-lives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38303886">"Margaret Thatcher tops Woman's Hour Power List"</a>. BBC News. 14 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404063443/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38303886">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+tops+Woman%27s+Hour+Power+List&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-38303886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5793666/margaret-thatcher-100-women-of-the-year/">"1982: Margaret Thatcher"</a>. Time. 5 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307064451/https://time.com/5793666/margaret-thatcher-100-women-of-the-year/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=1982%3A+Margaret+Thatcher&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5793666%2Fmargaret-thatcher-100-women-of-the-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Matthew (10 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2016/08/10/cameron-best-prime-minister-since-thatcher">"David Cameron was the best Prime Minister since Thatcher"</a>. YouGov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111173134/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2016/08/10/cameron-best-prime-minister-since-thatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Cameron+was+the+best+Prime+Minister+since+Thatcher&rft.pub=YouGov&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyougov.co.uk%2Ftopics%2Fpolitics%2Farticles-reports%2F2016%2F08%2F10%2Fcameron-best-prime-minister-since-thatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2013" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Tom (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/09/opinion-sharply-divide-margaret-thatcher">"Opinion on Margaret Thatcher remains divided after her death, poll finds"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202174723/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/09/opinion-sharply-divide-margaret-thatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Opinion+on+Margaret+Thatcher+remains+divided+after+her+death%2C+poll+finds&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2Fapr%2F09%2Fopinion-sharply-divide-margaret-thatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouGov-418">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YouGov_418-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YouGov_418-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Matthew (3 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2019/05/03/margaret-thatcher-public-view-40-years">"Margaret Thatcher: the public view 40 years on"</a>. YouGov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080201/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2019/05/03/margaret-thatcher-public-view-40-years">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+the+public+view+40+years+on&rft.pub=YouGov&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyougov.co.uk%2Ftopics%2Fpolitics%2Farticles-reports%2F2019%2F05%2F03%2Fmargaret-thatcher-public-view-40-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912105223/http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=661">"Rating British Prime Ministers"</a>. Ipsos MORI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=661">the original</a> on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rating+British+Prime+Ministers&rft.pub=Ipsos+MORI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos-mori.com%2Fresearchpublications%2Fresearcharchive%2Fpoll.aspx%3FoItemId%3D661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowburn2016" class="citation web cs1">Cowburn, Ashley (13 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-worst-prime-minister-ranking-third-since-ww2-a7358171.html">"David Cameron rated the third worst Prime Minister of the past 71 years"</a>. The Independent. Retrieved 16 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+rated+the+third+worst+Prime+Minister+of+the+past+71+years&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft.aulast=Cowburn&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fdavid-cameron-worst-prime-minister-ranking-third-since-ww2-a7358171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080207113843/http://www.warwickartscentre.co.uk/events/id/3627">"Events: Michael Billington: 'State of the Nation'"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warwickartscentre.co.uk/events/id/3627">the original</a> on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Events%3A+Michael+Billington%3A+%27State+of+the+Nation%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warwickartscentre.co.uk%2Fevents%2Fid%2F3627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-422"><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2013" class="citation news cs1">Billington, Michael (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/apr/08/margaret-thatcher-long-shadow-theatre">"Margaret Thatcher casts a long shadow over theatre and the arts"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113085827/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/apr/08/margaret-thatcher-long-shadow-theatre">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+casts+a+long+shadow+over+theatre+and+the+arts&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2013%2Fapr%2F08%2Fmargaret-thatcher-long-shadow-theatre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/04/16/im-there-song-reissue-mocks-margaret-thatcher-on-day-of-funeral/2088929">"'I'm There' song reissue mocks Margaret Thatcher on day of funeral"</a>. USA Today. 16 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130422071500/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/04/16/im-there-song-reissue-mocks-margaret-thatcher-on-day-of-funeral/2088929/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=%27I%27m+There%27+song+reissue+mocks+Margaret+Thatcher+on+day+of+funeral&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmusic%2F2013%2F04%2F16%2Fim-there-song-reissue-mocks-margaret-thatcher-on-day-of-funeral%2F2088929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Randy (16 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-margaret-thatcher-funeral-album-iron-lady-comedy-20130416,0,4237647.story">"Album skewering Margaret Thatcher to be reissued on April 17"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420095346/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-margaret-thatcher-funeral-album-iron-lady-comedy-20130416,0,4237647.story">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Album+skewering+Margaret+Thatcher+to+be+reissued+on+April+17&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fposts%2Fla-et-ms-margaret-thatcher-funeral-album-iron-lady-comedy-20130416%2C0%2C4237647.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwin2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sherwin" title="Adam Sherwin">Sherwin, Adam</a> (1 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/margaret-thatcher-lets-hear-it-for-the-iron-lady-comedys-greatest-straight-man-8100027.html">"Margaret Thatcher: Let's hear it for the Iron Lady, comedy's greatest straight man"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929124047/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/margaret-thatcher-lets-hear-it-for-the-iron-lady-comedys-greatest-straight-man-8100027.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+Let%27s+hear+it+for+the+Iron+Lady%2C+comedy%27s+greatest+straight+man&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft.aulast=Sherwin&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Ffeatures%2Fmargaret-thatcher-lets-hear-it-for-the-iron-lady-comedys-greatest-straight-man-8100027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-songs-426"><a href="#cite_ref-songs_426-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeard2004" class="citation news cs1">Heard, Chris (4 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3682281.stm">"Rocking against Thatcher"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311130019/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3682281.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rocking+against+Thatcher&rft.date=2004-05-04&rft.aulast=Heard&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F3682281.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinen20091947–1948Barr2013178,_235-427"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinen20091947–1948Barr2013178,_235_427-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinen2009">Vinen (2009)</a>, pp. 1947–1948; <a href="#CITEREFBarr2013">Barr (2013)</a>, pp. 178, 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724114429/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/4789">"Anyone for Denis?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/4789">the original</a> on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anyone+for+Denis%3F&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftvdb.bfi.org.uk%2Fsift%2Ftitle%2F4789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilton2011" class="citation news cs1">Chilton, Martin (8 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8311635/People-who-have-played-Margaret-Thatcher.html">"People who have played Margaret Thatcher"</a>. The Telegraph. London, UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424160245/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8311635/People-who-have-played-Margaret-Thatcher.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=People+who+have+played+Margaret+Thatcher&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2F8311635%2FPeople-who-have-played-Margaret-Thatcher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12393674">"Image of Meryl Streep as Margaret Thatcher unveiled"</a>. BBC News. 8 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209050448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12393674">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Image+of+Meryl+Streep+as+Margaret+Thatcher+unveiled&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-12393674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2011" class="citation web cs1">Steinberg, Julie (22 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2011/12/22/the-iron-lady-draws-fire-for-depicting-thatcher-with-alzheimers">"'The Iron Lady' Draws Fire For Depicting Margaret Thatcher With Alzheimer's"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108010000/https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2011/12/22/the-iron-lady-draws-fire-for-depicting-thatcher-with-alzheimers">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=%27The+Iron+Lady%27+Draws+Fire+For+Depicting+Margaret+Thatcher+With+Alzheimer%27s&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fspeakeasy%2F2011%2F12%2F22%2Fthe-iron-lady-draws-fire-for-depicting-thatcher-with-alzheimers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2019" class="citation web cs1">Thorpe, Vanessa (7 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/sep/07/gillian-anderson-to-play-thatcher-fourth-series-the-crown-netflix">"Gillian Anderson to play Thatcher in fourth series of The Crown"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216101144/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/sep/07/gillian-anderson-to-play-thatcher-fourth-series-the-crown-netflix">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gillian+Anderson+to+play+Thatcher+in+fourth+series+of+The+Crown&rft.date=2019-09-07&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2019%2Fsep%2F07%2Fgillian-anderson-to-play-thatcher-fourth-series-the-crown-netflix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKay2020" class="citation web cs1">Kay, Jeremy (11 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.screendaily.com/news/voltage-pictures-reagan-finds-its-margaret-thatcher-exclusive/5154845.article">"Voltage Pictures' 'Reagan' finds its Margaret Thatcher (exclusive)"</a>. Screen. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen&rft.atitle=Voltage+Pictures%27+%27Reagan%27+finds+its+Margaret+Thatcher+%28exclusive%29&rft.date=2020-11-11&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.screendaily.com%2Fnews%2Fvoltage-pictures-reagan-finds-its-margaret-thatcher-exclusive%2F5154845.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGayRees2005" class="citation web cs1">Gay, Oonagh & Rees, Anwen (5 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227183508/http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-3708.pdf">"The Privy Council"</a> (PDF). Parliament and Constitution Centre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-3708.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009 – via the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Privy+Council&rft.pub=Parliament+and+Constitution+Centre&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Oonagh&rft.au=Rees%2C+Anwen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fcommons%2Flib%2Fresearch%2Fbriefings%2Fsnpc-3708.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUngoed-Thomas1998" class="citation news cs1">Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (8 February 1998). "Carlton Club to vote on women". The Sunday Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Carlton+Club+to+vote+on+women&rft.date=1998-02-08&rft.aulast=Ungoed-Thomas&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104152">"Speech to the Chemical Society and the Royal Institute of Chemistry (honorary fellowship)"</a>. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 24 October 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530200036/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104152">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+the+Chemical+Society+and+the+Royal+Institute+of+Chemistry+%28honorary+fellowship%29&rft.pub=Margaret+Thatcher+Foundation&rft.date=1979-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.margaretthatcher.org%2Fdocument%2F104152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/about-us/our-history/our-origins/">"Our origins"</a>. Royal Society of Chemistry. 18 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702064508/http://www.rsc.org/about-us/our-history/our-origins/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+origins&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-history%2Four-origins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_Scientist''1983Agar2022-438"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New_Scientist''1983Agar2022_438-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNew_Scientist1983">New Scientist (1983)</a> sfnmp error: no target: CITEREFNew_Scientist1983 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFAgar2022">Agar (2022)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-OMBarontecy-439"><a href="#cite_ref-OMBarontecy_439-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette52360" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/52360/page/19066">"No. 52360"</a>. The London Gazette. 11 December 1990. p. 19066.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+52360&rft.pages=19066&rft.date=1990-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F52360%2Fpage%2F19066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-440"><a href="#cite_ref-440">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315235601/http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/family-baronet">"Family of a Baronet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/baronet/family-baronet">the original</a> on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s&rft.atitle=Family+of+a+Baronet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fbaronet%2Ffamily-baronet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-441"><a href="#cite_ref-441">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuohy1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Tuohy" title="William Tuohy">Tuohy, William</a> (8 December 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-08-mn-5367-story.html">"It's Now 'Lady Thatcher', but She'll Stick With 'Mrs.'"</a>. Los Angeles Times. London, UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306135614/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-12-08/news/mn-5367_1_lady-thatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=It%27s+Now+%27Lady+Thatcher%27%2C+but+She%27ll+Stick+With+%27Mrs.%27&rft.date=1990-12-08&rft.aulast=Tuohy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-12-08-mn-5367-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-442"><a href="#cite_ref-442">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/09/weekinreview/headliners-call-her-mrs.html">"Headliners; Call Her Mrs"</a>. The New York Times. 9 December 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190304201415/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/09/weekinreview/headliners-call-her-mrs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Headliners%3B+Call+Her+Mrs.&rft.date=1990-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F12%2F09%2Fweekinreview%2Fheadliners-call-her-mrs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-443"><a href="#cite_ref-443">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrth1991" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Orth" title="Maureen Orth">Orth, Maureen</a> (June 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/1991/06/thatcher199106">"Maggie's Big Problem"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104074036/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/1991/06/thatcher199106">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2017. <q>Since he was now a baronet, might she care to be known as Lady Thatcher?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Maggie%27s+Big+Problem&rft.date=1991-06&rft.aulast=Orth&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F1991%2F06%2Fthatcher199106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuohy-444"><a href="#cite_ref-Tuohy_444-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuohy1992" class="citation news cs1">Tuohy, William (6 June 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-06-mn-552-story.html">"'Iron Lady' Is Made Baroness Thatcher"</a>. Los Angeles Times. London, UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061757/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-06-06/news/mn-552_1_baroness-thatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Iron+Lady%27+Is+Made+Baroness+Thatcher&rft.date=1992-06-06&rft.aulast=Tuohy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-06-06-mn-552-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-January-445"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-January_445-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Falklands to make 10 January Thatcher Day". Reuters. 6 January 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Falklands+to+make+10+January+Thatcher+Day&rft.date=1992-01-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-446"><a href="#cite_ref-446">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/margaret-thatcher-falkland-islands-argentina-surrender-1983">"Margaret Thatcher in Falkland Islands after Argentina's surrender, 1983"</a>. Rare Historical Photos. 8 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016054413/http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/margaret-thatcher-falkland-islands-argentina-surrender-1983/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rare+Historical+Photos&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher+in+Falkland+Islands+after+Argentina%27s+surrender%2C+1983&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frarehistoricalphotos.com%2Fmargaret-thatcher-falkland-islands-argentina-surrender-1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-447"><a href="#cite_ref-447">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette52978" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/52978/page/11045">"No. 52978"</a>. The London Gazette. 26 June 1992. p. 11045.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+52978&rft.pages=11045&rft.date=1992-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F52978%2Fpage%2F11045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-448"><a href="#cite_ref-448">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette54017" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/54017/page/6023">"No. 54017"</a>. The London Gazette. 25 April 1995. p. 6023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+54017&rft.pages=6023&rft.date=1995-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F54017%2Fpage%2F6023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs-events/the-ronald-reagan-freedom-award/">"The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation">Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104052308/https://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs-events/the-ronald-reagan-freedom-award/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ronald+Reagan+Freedom+Award&rft.pub=Ronald+Reagan+Presidential+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reaganfoundation.org%2Fprograms-events%2Fthe-ronald-reagan-freedom-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-450"><a href="#cite_ref-450">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630181752/http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/04/demint-on-lady-thatcher-freedoms-champion">Jim DeMint on Lady Thatcher</a> (Report). The Heritage Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/04/demint-on-lady-thatcher-freedoms-champion">the original</a> on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Jim+DeMint+on+Lady+Thatcher&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fresearch%2Freports%2F2013%2F04%2Fdemint-on-lady-thatcher-freedoms-champion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-451"><a href="#cite_ref-451">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625154102/http://www.heritage.org/about/staff/nonstaff/t/baroness-thatcher">"Baroness Thatcher"</a>. The Heritage Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/about-heritage/staff/leadership/nonstaff/t/baroness-thatcher">the original</a> on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baroness+Thatcher&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fabout-heritage%2Fstaff%2Fleadership%2Fnonstaff%2Ft%2Fbaroness-thatcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-452"><a href="#cite_ref-452">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRos-Lehtinen2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen">Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana</a> (13 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/sep/13/20060913-085945-8112r/">"Honoring the Iron Lady"</a>. The Washington Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423033402/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/sep/13/20060913-085945-8112r/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Honoring+the+Iron+Lady&rft.date=2006-09-13&rft.aulast=Ros-Lehtinen&rft.aufirst=Ileana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2Fsep%2F13%2F20060913-085945-8112r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Bibliography of Margaret Thatcher">Bibliography of Margaret Thatcher</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdeneyLloyd1988" class="citation book cs1">Adeney, Martin & <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_(journalist)" title="John Lloyd (journalist)">Lloyd, John</a> (1988). The Miners' Strike 1984–85: Loss Without Limit. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-1371-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-1371-6"><bdi>978-0-7102-1371-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Miners%27+Strike+1984%E2%80%9385%3A+Loss+Without+Limit&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7102-1371-6&rft.aulast=Adeney&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgar2011" class="citation journal cs1">Agar, Jon (2011). "Thatcher, scientist". <a href="/wiki/Notes_and_Records" title="Notes and Records">Notes and Records</a>. 65 (3): 215–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2010.0096">10.1098/rsnr.2010.0096</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-9149">0035-9149</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202575335">202575335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Thatcher%2C+scientist&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=215-232&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202575335%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0035-9149&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2010.0096&rft.aulast=Agar&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgar2022" class="citation journal cs1"> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10160154/1/Agar_Margaret%20Hilda%20Thatcher_AAM.pdf">"Margaret Hilda Thatcher. 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a>. 74: 403–418. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2022.0036">10.1098/rsbm.2022.0036</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253246959">253246959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Margaret+Hilda+Thatcher.+13+October+1925+%E2%80%93+8+April+2013&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=403-418&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2022.0036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253246959%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Agar&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2F10160154%2F1%2FAgar_Margaret%2520Hilda%2520Thatcher_AAM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAitken2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Aitken" title="Jonathan Aitken">Aitken, Jonathan</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HW-rAAAAQBAJ">Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality</a>. A & C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-3186-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-3186-1"><bdi>978-1-4088-3186-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+Power+and+Personality&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4088-3186-1&rft.aulast=Aitken&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHW-rAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnwar2001" class="citation journal cs1">Anwar, Muhammad (2001). "The participation of ethnic minorities in British politics". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Ethnic_and_Migration_Studies" title="Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies">Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies</a>. 27 (3): 533–549. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F136918301200266220">10.1080/136918301200266220</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144867334">144867334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnic+and+Migration+Studies&rft.atitle=The+participation+of+ethnic+minorities+in+British+politics&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=533-549&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F136918301200266220&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144867334%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Anwar&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Atkinson" title="Max Atkinson">Atkinson, Max</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yqM4zGmsYioC">Our Masters' Voices: The Language and Body Language of Politics</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-01875-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-01875-3"><bdi>978-0-415-01875-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Masters%27+Voices%3A+The+Language+and+Body+Language+of+Politics&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-415-01875-3&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyqM4zGmsYioC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Barker" title="Martin Barker">Barker, Martin</a> (1981). The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe. London: Junction Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86245-031-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86245-031-1"><bdi>978-0-86245-031-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Racism%3A+Conservatives+and+the+Ideology+of+the+Tribe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Junction+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-86245-031-1&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Damian_Barr" title="Damian Barr">Barr, Damian</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nes_AQAAQBAJ">Maggie and Me</a>. A & C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-3806-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-3806-8"><bdi>978-1-4088-3806-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maggie+and+Me&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4088-3806-8&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnes_AQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrell1994" class="citation book cs1">Barrell, Ray, ed. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Izl1A_9TrREC">The UK Labour Market: Comparative Aspects and Institutional Developments</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46825-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46825-1"><bdi>978-0-521-46825-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+UK+Labour+Market%3A+Comparative+Aspects+and+Institutional+Developments&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46825-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzl1A_9TrREC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Beckett" title="Andy Beckett">Beckett, Andy</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NURERF4hb8C">When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies</a>. Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-25226-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-25226-8"><bdi>978-0-571-25226-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Lights+Went+Out%3A+Britain+in+the+Seventies&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-571-25226-8&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-NURERF4hb8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2006" class="citation book cs1">Beckett, Clare (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeIHpjNolKAC">The 20 British Prime Ministers of the 20th Century: Thatcher</a>. Haus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904950-71-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904950-71-4"><bdi>978-1-904950-71-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+20+British+Prime+Ministers+of+the+20th+Century%3A+Thatcher&rft.pub=Haus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-904950-71-4&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQeIHpjNolKAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBern1987" class="citation book cs1">Bern, Paula (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howtoworkforwoma00bern">How to Work for a Woman Boss, Even If You'd Rather Not</a>. New York: Dodd Mead. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-396-08839-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-396-08839-4"><bdi>978-0-396-08839-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Work+for+a+Woman+Boss%2C+Even+If+You%27d+Rather+Not&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dodd+Mead&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-396-08839-4&rft.aulast=Bern&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowtoworkforwoma00bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlundell2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Blundell_(economist)" title="John Blundell (economist)">Blundell, John</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hbyeLS83iEIC">Margaret Thatcher: A Portrait of the Iron Lady</a>. Algora. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-632-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-632-1"><bdi>978-0-87586-632-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+A+Portrait+of+the+Iron+Lady&rft.pub=Algora&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-632-1&rft.aulast=Blundell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhbyeLS83iEIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlundell2013" class="citation book cs1"> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4MYn9j-gftAC">Remembering Margaret Thatcher: Commemorations, Tributes, and Assessments</a>. Algora. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62894-017-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62894-017-6"><bdi>978-1-62894-017-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+Margaret+Thatcher%3A+Commemorations%2C+Tributes%2C+and+Assessments&rft.pub=Algora&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62894-017-6&rft.aulast=Blundell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4MYn9j-gftAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2009" class="citation book cs1">Burns, William E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fjf4YynnC90C">A Brief History of Great Britain</a>. Infobase. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2737-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2737-8"><bdi>978-1-4381-2737-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Great+Britain&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2737-8&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjf4YynnC90C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerKavanagh1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Butler_(psephologist)" title="David Butler (psephologist)">Butler, David</a>; et al. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3tWuCwAAQBAJ">The British General Election of 1979</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-04755-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-04755-0"><bdi>978-1-349-04755-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+General+Election+of+1979&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-1-349-04755-0&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kavanagh%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3tWuCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1994" class="citation book cs1"> (1994). British Political Facts 1900–1994. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-52616-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-52616-3"><bdi>978-0-333-52616-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Political+Facts+1900%E2%80%931994&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-333-52616-3&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_(biographer)" title="John Campbell (biographer)">Campbell, John</a> (2000). Margaret Thatcher: The Grocer's Daughter. Vol. 1. Pimlico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7418-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7418-8"><bdi>978-0-7126-7418-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+The+Grocer%27s+Daughter&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-7418-8&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2003" class="citation book cs1"> (2003). Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady. Vol. 2. Pimlico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-6781-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-6781-4"><bdi>978-0-7126-6781-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+The+Iron+Lady&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-6781-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2011a" class="citation book cs1"> (2011a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RfHYhcFWbm4C">Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady</a>. Vol. 2. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-2008-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-2008-9"><bdi>978-1-4464-2008-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+The+Iron+Lady&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4464-2008-9&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRfHYhcFWbm4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2011b" class="citation book cs1"> (2011b). Freeman, David (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=odLmZZ514AkC">The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher, from Grocer's Daughter to Prime Minister</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-55866-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-55866-9"><bdi>978-1-101-55866-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iron+Lady%3A+Margaret+Thatcher%2C+from+Grocer%27s+Daughter+to+Prime+Minister&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-101-55866-9&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DodLmZZ514AkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannadine2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Cannadine" title="David Cannadine">Cannadine, David</a> (2017). "Thatcher [née Roberts], Margaret Hilda, Baroness Thatcher (1925–2013), prime minister". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F106415">10.1093/ref:odnb/106415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thatcher+%5Bn%C3%A9e+Roberts%5D%2C+Margaret+Hilda%2C+Baroness+Thatcher+%281925%E2%80%932013%29%2C+prime+minister&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F106415&rft.aulast=Cannadine&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilds2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Childs_(academic)" title="David Childs (academic)">Childs, David</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HDBiaIbyLTsC">Britain Since 1945: A Political History</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39326-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39326-3"><bdi>978-0-415-39326-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+Since+1945%3A+A+Political+History&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-39326-3&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHDBiaIbyLTsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChin2009" class="citation book cs1">Chin, Rita (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tqlrRJHwjKoC&pg=PA80">"Guest Worker Migration and the Unexpected Return of Race"</a>. After the Nazi Racial State: Difference and Democracy in Germany and Europe. University of Michigan Press (published 2010). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02578-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02578-7"><bdi>978-0-472-02578-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guest+Worker+Migration+and+the+Unexpected+Return+of+Race&rft.btitle=After+the+Nazi+Racial+State%3A+Difference+and+Democracy+in+Germany+and+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-472-02578-7&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtqlrRJHwjKoC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane1997" class="citation book cs1">Cochrane, Feargal (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KnAyhBCnpLQC">Unionist Politics and the Politics of Unionism Since the Anglo-Irish Agreement</a>. Cork University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85918-138-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85918-138-6"><bdi>978-1-85918-138-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unionist+Politics+and+the+Politics+of+Unionism+Since+the+Anglo-Irish+Agreement&rft.pub=Cork+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85918-138-6&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Feargal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKnAyhBCnpLQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, James (2010). "The Foreign Politics of Opposition: Margaret Thatcher and the Transatlantic Relationship before Power". <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_British_History" title="Contemporary British History">Contemporary British History</a>. 24 (1): 23–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619460903565358">10.1080/13619460903565358</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144038789">144038789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+British+History&rft.atitle=The+Foreign+Politics+of+Opposition%3A+Margaret+Thatcher+and+the+Transatlantic+Relationship+before+Power&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-42&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13619460903565358&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144038789%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCormac2018" class="citation book cs1">Cormac, Rory (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=emZaDwAAQBAJ">Disrupt and Deny: Spies, Special Forces, and the Secret Pursuit of British Foreign Policy</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-878459-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-878459-3"><bdi>978-0-19-878459-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disrupt+and+Deny%3A+Spies%2C+Special+Forces%2C+and+the+Secret+Pursuit+of+British+Foreign+Policy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-878459-3&rft.aulast=Cormac&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DemZaDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowleyBailey2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cowley" title="Philip Cowley">Cowley, Philip</a> & Bailey, Matthew (2000). "Peasants' Uprising or Religious War? Re-examining the 1975 Conservative Leadership Contest". <a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="British Journal of Political Science">British Journal of Political Science</a>. 30 (4): 599–630. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0007123400000260">10.1017/s0007123400000260</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/194287">194287</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154834667">154834667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Peasants%27+Uprising+or+Religious+War%3F+Re-examining+the+1975+Conservative+Leadership+Contest&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=599-630&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154834667%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F194287%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0007123400000260&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrewe1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Crewe" title="Ivor Crewe">Crewe, Ivor</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190105145426/https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/22/22015.pdf">"Margaret Thatcher: As the British Saw Her"</a> (PDF). The Public Perspective: 15–16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/22/22015.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Public+Perspective&rft.atitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+As+the+British+Saw+Her&rft.pages=15-16&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Crewe&rft.aufirst=Ivor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fropercenter.cornell.edu%2Fpublic-perspective%2Fppscan%2F22%2F22015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorril2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorril" title="Stephen Dorril">Dorril, Stephen</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mi6insidecovertw00dorr">MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1778-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1778-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-1778-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MI6%3A+Inside+the+Covert+World+of+Her+Majesty%27s+Secret+Intelligence+Service&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1778-1&rft.aulast=Dorril&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmi6insidecovertw00dorr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougill1987" class="citation book cs1">Dougill, John (1987). Oxford's Famous Faces (New ed.). Oxford: Oxface (published 2007). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9512388-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9512388-0-6"><bdi>978-0-9512388-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford%27s+Famous+Faces&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Oxface&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-9512388-0-6&rft.aulast=Dougill&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_English" title="Richard English">English, Richard</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WxJutBLDxg0C">Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517753-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517753-4"><bdi>978-0-19-517753-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armed+Struggle%3A+The+History+of+the+IRA&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517753-4&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWxJutBLDxg0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_J._Evans" title="Eric J. Evans">Evans, Eric J.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1mUs6BAA0DkC">Thatcher and Thatcherism</a>. Routledge (published 2013). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66018-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66018-1"><bdi>978-0-415-66018-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thatcher+and+Thatcherism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-66018-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1mUs6BAA0DkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeigenbaumHenigHamnett1998" class="citation book cs1">Feigenbaum, Harvey; Henig, Jeffrey & Hamnett, Chris (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mD-WWatCnXoC">Shrinking the State: The Political Underpinnings of Privatization</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63918-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63918-7"><bdi>978-0-521-63918-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shrinking+the+State%3A+The+Political+Underpinnings+of+Privatization&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63918-7&rft.aulast=Feigenbaum&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.au=Henig%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Hamnett%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmD-WWatCnXoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloudJohnson2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Floud" title="Roderick Floud">Floud, Roderick</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Johnson_(writer)" title="Paul Johnson (writer)">Johnson, Paul</a>, eds. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ugx3XIkE-mEC">The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain: Structural Change and Growth, 1939–2000</a>. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52738-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52738-5"><bdi>978-0-521-52738-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Economic+History+of+Modern+Britain%3A+Structural+Change+and+Growth%2C+1939%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52738-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dugx3XIkE-mEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2006" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Lester D., ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUhg-dDTnGkC">Fires Were Started: British Cinema and Thatcherism</a>. Wallflower Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904764-71-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904764-71-7"><bdi>978-1-904764-71-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fires+Were+Started%3A+British+Cinema+and+Thatcherism&rft.pub=Wallflower+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-904764-71-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUhg-dDTnGkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamble2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gamble" title="Andrew Gamble">Gamble, Andrew</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spectreatfeastca0000gamb">The Spectre at the Feast: Capitalist Crisis and the Politics of Recession</a>. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-23074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-23074-3"><bdi>978-0-230-23074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spectre+at+the+Feast%3A+Capitalist+Crisis+and+the+Politics+of+Recession&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-230-23074-3&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspectreatfeastca0000gamb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardinerThompson2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nile_Gardiner" title="Nile Gardiner">Gardiner, Nile</a> & Thompson, Stephen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3uDAgAAQBAJ">Margaret Thatcher on Leadership: Lessons for American Conservatives Today</a>. Regnery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62157-179-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62157-179-7"><bdi>978-1-62157-179-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher+on+Leadership%3A+Lessons+for+American+Conservatives+Today&rft.pub=Regnery&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62157-179-7&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Nile&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3uDAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelb1989" class="citation book cs1">Gelb, Joyce (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7B5Uuw4mFYC">Feminism and Politics: A Comparative Perspective</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07184-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07184-1"><bdi>978-0-520-07184-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+Politics%3A+A+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07184-1&rft.aulast=Gelb&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz7B5Uuw4mFYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGloverEconomides2010" class="citation book cs1">Glover, Peter C. & Economides, Michael J. (2010). Energy and Climate Wars: How Naive Politicians, Green Ideologues, and Media Elites are Undermining the Truth about Energy and Climate. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-5307-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-5307-4"><bdi>978-1-4411-5307-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+and+Climate+Wars%3A+How+Naive+Politicians%2C+Green+Ideologues%2C+and+Media+Elites+are+Undermining+the+Truth+about+Energy+and+Climate&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-5307-4&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft.au=Economides%2C+Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGörtemaker2006" class="citation book cs1">Görtemaker, Manfred, ed. (2006). Britain and Germany in the Twentieth Century. Berg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-842-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85973-842-9"><bdi>978-1-85973-842-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+Germany+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85973-842-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randall_Hansen" title="Randall Hansen">Hansen, Randall</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qj8GEjW91oEC">Citizenship and Immigration in Post-war Britain</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-158301-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-158301-8"><bdi>978-0-19-158301-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizenship+and+Immigration+in+Post-war+Britain&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-158301-8&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqj8GEjW91oEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastingsJenkins1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Hastings, Max</a> & <a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Jenkins, Simon</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VaESazCk4doC">The Battle for the Falklands</a>. Macmillan (published 2012). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-53676-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-53676-9"><bdi>978-0-330-53676-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+the+Falklands&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-330-53676-9&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVaESazCk4doC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackling2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Jackling" title="Roger Jackling">Jackling, Roger</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9AWE9_F7p7cC&pg=PA239">"The Impact of the Falklands Conflict on Defence Policy"</a>. In Badsey, Stephen; Grove, Mark & Havers, Rob (eds.). The Falklands Conflict Twenty Years On: Lessons for the Future. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35029-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35029-7"><bdi>978-0-415-35029-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+the+Falklands+Conflict+on+Defence+Policy&rft.btitle=The+Falklands+Conflict+Twenty+Years+On%3A+Lessons+for+the+Future&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35029-7&rft.aulast=Jackling&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9AWE9_F7p7cC%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonSaunders2012" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Ben & Saunders, Robert, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l7KYAXrIYC4C">Making Thatcher's Britain</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01238-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01238-7"><bdi>978-1-107-01238-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Thatcher%27s+Britain&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01238-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl7KYAXrIYC4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_James" title="Clive James">James, Clive</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8t4sDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102">"Thatcher takes command"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Visions_Before_Midnight" title="Visions Before Midnight">Visions Before Midnight</a>. Macmillan (published 2017). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-3244-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5098-3244-6"><bdi>978-1-5098-3244-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thatcher+takes+command&rft.btitle=Visions+Before+Midnight&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-1-5098-3244-6&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8t4sDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJellinekRoberts1951" class="citation journal cs1">Jellinek, H. H. G.; et al. (1951). "The saponification of α-monostearin in a monolayer". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Science_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture">Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture</a>. 2 (9): 391–394. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951JSFA....2..391J">1951JSFA....2..391J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjsfa.2740020904">10.1002/jsfa.2740020904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=The+saponification+of+%CE%B1-monostearin+in+a+monolayer&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=391-394&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjsfa.2740020904&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1951JSFA....2..391J&rft.aulast=Jellinek&rft.aufirst=H.+H.+G.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+M.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJellinek1979" class="citation journal cs1"> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v057n036.p004">"Letters: Thatcher the chemist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a>. 57 (36): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v057n036.p004">10.1021/cen-v057n036.p004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Letters%3A+Thatcher+the+chemist&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcen-v057n036.p004&rft.aulast=Jellinek&rft.aufirst=H.+H.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%252Fcen-v057n036.p004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Louis_McIntosh_Johnson" title="Christopher Louis McIntosh Johnson">Johnson, Christopher</a> (1991). The Grand Experiment: Mrs. Thatcher's Economy and How It Spread. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1913-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1913-1"><bdi>978-0-8133-1913-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Experiment%3A+Mrs.+Thatcher%27s+Economy+and+How+It+Spread&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-1913-1&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2007" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Bill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6hynlgLMxbAC&pg=PA224">"Media organisations and the political process"</a>. In Jones, Bill; Kavanagh, Dennis & Moran, Michael (eds.). Politics UK. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-2411-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-2411-8"><bdi>978-1-4058-2411-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Media+organisations+and+the+political+process&rft.btitle=Politics+UK&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-2411-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6hynlgLMxbAC%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJournals_of_the_House_of_Lords2012" class="citation journal cs1">[Journals of the House of Lords] (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-journal/HL_Journal_2010-12.pdf">"Session 2010–12"</a> (PDF). Journals of the House of Lords. 244: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.parliament.uk/documents/lords-journal/HL_Journal_2010-12.pdf#page217">217</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529160744/https://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-journal/HL_Journal_2010-12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journals+of+the+House+of+Lords&rft.atitle=Session+2010%E2%80%9312&rft.volume=244&rft.pages=217&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Journals+of+the+House+of+Lords&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2Flords-journal%2FHL_Journal_2010-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Kaplan" title="Morton Kaplan">Kaplan, Morton</a> (2000). Character and Identity: The Sociological Foundations of Literary and Historical Perspectives. Vol. 2. Professors World Peace Academy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885118-10-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885118-10-3"><bdi>978-1-885118-10-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8702932M">8702932M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Character+and+Identity%3A+The+Sociological+Foundations+of+Literary+and+Historical+Perspectives&rft.pub=Professors+World+Peace+Academy&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL8702932M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-885118-10-3&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerker1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Kerker" title="Milton Kerker">Kerker, Milton</a> (1987). "In Memoriam: Hans Jellinek (1917–1986)". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Colloid_and_Interface_Science" title="Journal of Colloid and Interface Science">Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</a>. 116 (2): 604–605. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0021-9797%2887%2990159-7">10.1016/0021-9797(87)90159-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Colloid+and+Interface+Science&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Hans+Jellinek+%281917%E2%80%931986%29&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=604-605&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0021-9797%2887%2990159-7&rft.aulast=Kerker&rft.aufirst=Milton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhabaz2006" class="citation book cs1">Khabaz, David V. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7YeOtDprzcQC">Manufactured Schema: Thatcher, the Miners and the Culture Industry</a>. Troubador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905237-61-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905237-61-6"><bdi>978-1-905237-61-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manufactured+Schema%3A+Thatcher%2C+the+Miners+and+the+Culture+Industry&rft.pub=Troubador&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-905237-61-6&rft.aulast=Khabaz&rft.aufirst=David+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7YeOtDprzcQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kirby, M. W. (2006). "MacGregor, Sir Ian Kinloch (1912–1998), metallurgical engineer and industrialist". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F69687">10.1093/ref:odnb/69687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MacGregor%2C+Sir+Ian+Kinloch+%281912%E2%80%931998%29%2C+metallurgical+engineer+and+industrialist&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F69687&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=M.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein1985" class="citation journal cs1">Klein, Rudolf (1985). "Why Britain's conservatives support a socialist health care system". <a href="/wiki/Health_Affairs" title="Health Affairs">Health Affairs</a>. 4 (1): 41–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fhlthaff.4.1.41">10.1377/hlthaff.4.1.41</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3997046">3997046</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10254793">10254793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Affairs&rft.atitle=Why+Britain%27s+conservatives+support+a+socialist+health+care+system&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-58&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10254793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3997046&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1377%2Fhlthaff.4.1.41&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahey2013" class="citation journal cs1">Lahey, Daniel James (2013). "The Thatcher government's response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979–1980". <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_History_(journal)" title="Cold War History (journal)">Cold War History</a>. 13 (1): 21–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14682745.2012.721355">10.1080/14682745.2012.721355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153081281">153081281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+War+History&rft.atitle=The+Thatcher+government%27s+response+to+the+Soviet+invasion+of+Afghanistan%2C+1979%E2%80%931980&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-42&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14682745.2012.721355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153081281%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lahey&rft.aufirst=Daniel+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanoueHeadrick1998" class="citation journal cs1">Lanoue, David J. & Headrick, Barbara (1998). "Short-Term political Events and British Government Popularity: Direct and Indirect Effects". <a href="/wiki/Polity_(journal)" title="Polity (journal)">Polity</a>. 30 (3): 417–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3235208">10.2307/3235208</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3235208">3235208</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155204417">155204417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polity&rft.atitle=Short-Term+political+Events+and+British+Government+Popularity%3A+Direct+and+Indirect+Effects&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=417-433&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155204417%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3235208%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3235208&rft.aulast=Lanoue&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Headrick%2C+Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Lawson, Nigel</a> (1992). The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical. Bantam Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-02218-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-02218-4"><bdi>978-0-593-02218-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+View+from+No.+11%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Tory+Radical&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-593-02218-4&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaybourn1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Laybourn" title="Keith Laybourn">Laybourn, Keith</a> (1992). A History of British Trade Unionism, c. 1770–1990. Stroud: Alan Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86299-785-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86299-785-4"><bdi>978-0-86299-785-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+British+Trade+Unionism%2C+c.+1770%E2%80%931990&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Alan+Sutton&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-86299-785-4&rft.aulast=Laybourn&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1980" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Lewis" title="Roy Lewis">Lewis, Roy</a> (1980). "From Zimbabwe-Rhodesia to Zimbabwe: The Lancaster House conference". <a href="/wiki/The_Round_Table:_The_Commonwealth_Journal_of_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs">The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs</a>. 70 (277): 6–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00358538008453415">10.1080/00358538008453415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Round+Table%3A+The+Commonwealth+Journal+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=From+Zimbabwe-Rhodesia+to+Zimbabwe%3A+The+Lancaster+House+conference&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=277&rft.pages=6-9&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00358538008453415&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarr2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marr" title="Andrew Marr">Marr, Andrew</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZ-LL5h-rW4C">A History of Modern Britain</a>. Pan Books (published 2009). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-51329-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-51329-6"><bdi>978-0-330-51329-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Britain&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-330-51329-6&rft.aulast=Marr&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZ-LL5h-rW4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAleese2004" class="citation book cs1">McAleese, Dermot (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NW4f3QUb6RYC">Economics for Business: Competition, Macro-stability, and Globalisation</a>. FT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-273-68398-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-273-68398-8"><bdi>978-0-273-68398-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics+for+Business%3A+Competition%2C+Macro-stability%2C+and+Globalisation&rft.pub=FT+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-273-68398-8&rft.aulast=McAleese&rft.aufirst=Dermot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNW4f3QUb6RYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchellRussell1989" class="citation journal cs1">Mitchell, Mark & Russell, Dave (1989). "Race, the new right and state policy in Britain". Immigrants & Minorities. 8 (1–2): 175–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02619288.1989.9974714">10.1080/02619288.1989.9974714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immigrants+%26+Minorities&rft.atitle=Race%2C+the+new+right+and+state+policy+in+Britain&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=175-190&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02619288.1989.9974714&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Russell%2C+Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoloney2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Moloney" title="Ed Moloney">Moloney, Ed</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W2AeD_OacD4C">A Secret History of the IRA</a>. Penguin Books (published 2007). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190069-8"><bdi>978-0-14-190069-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Secret+History+of+the+IRA&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-14-190069-8&rft.aulast=Moloney&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW2AeD_OacD4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore,_Baron_Moore_of_Etchingham" title="Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham">Moore, Charles</a> (2013). Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands. Vol. 1. Knopf Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-95894-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-95894-5"><bdi>978-0-307-95894-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+From+Grantham+to+the+Falklands&rft.pub=Knopf+Group&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-307-95894-5&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2015" class="citation book cs1"> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LU_ZCQAAQBAJ">Margaret Thatcher: Everything She Wants</a>. Vol. 2. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-20126-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-20126-8"><bdi>978-0-241-20126-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+Everything+She+Wants&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-241-20126-8&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLU_ZCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2019" class="citation book cs1"> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HT71wQEACAAJ">Margaret Thatcher: Herself Alone</a>. Vol. 3. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-32474-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-32474-5"><bdi>978-0-241-32474-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Thatcher%3A+Herself+Alone&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-241-32474-5&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHT71wQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2016" class="citation book cs1">Neville, Leigh (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sgRrDQAAQBAJ">The SAS 1983–2014</a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1404-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1404-3"><bdi>978-1-4728-1404-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SAS+1983%E2%80%932014&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-1404-3&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsgRrDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Scientist1983" class="citation journal cs1">[New Scientist] (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404112605/https://books.google.com/books?id=XRpdT3gc9KYC&pg=PA5">"Cream of the crop at Royal Society"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a>. 99 (1365): 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XRpdT3gc9KYC&pg=PA5">the original</a> on 4 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Cream+of+the+crop+at+Royal+Society&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1365&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1983&rft.au=New+Scientist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRpdT3gc9KYC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgden1990" class="citation book cs1">Ogden, Chris (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maggieintimatepo00ogde">Maggie: An Intimate Portrait of a Woman in Power</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-66760-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-66760-3"><bdi>978-0-671-66760-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2002988W">2002988W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maggie%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait+of+a+Woman+in+Power&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL2002988W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-671-66760-3&rft.aulast=Ogden&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaggieintimatepo00ogde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerMartin1995" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, David & Martin, Stephen (1995). "The impact of UK privatisation on labour and total factor productivity". <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Journal_of_Political_Economy" title="Scottish Journal of Political Economy">Scottish Journal of Political Economy</a>. 42 (2): 216–217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9485.1995.tb01154.x">10.1111/j.1467-9485.1995.tb01154.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+UK+privatisation+on+labour+and+total+factor+productivity&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216-217&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9485.1995.tb01154.x&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Martin%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPimlott1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Pimlott" title="Ben Pimlott">Pimlott, Ben</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNHriNq-89QC">The Queen: Elizabeth II and the Monarchy (Text Only)</a>. HarperCollins (published 2012). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-749044-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-749044-8"><bdi>978-0-00-749044-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%3A+Elizabeth+II+and+the+Monarchy+%28Text+Only%29&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-00-749044-8&rft.aulast=Pimlott&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNHriNq-89QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvis2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/June_Purvis" title="June Purvis">Purvis, June</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/3502270/What_was_Margaret_Thatcher_s_legacy_for_women_Purvis.pdf">"What Was Margaret Thatcher's Legacy for Women?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Review" title="Women's History Review">Women's History Review</a>. 22 (6): 1014–1018. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612025.2013.801136">10.1080/09612025.2013.801136</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143720143">143720143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+History+Review&rft.atitle=What+Was+Margaret+Thatcher%27s+Legacy+for+Women%3F&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1014-1018&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09612025.2013.801136&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143720143%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=June&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchportal.port.ac.uk%2Ffiles%2F3502270%2FWhat_was_Margaret_Thatcher_s_legacy_for_women_Purvis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatti2017" class="citation book cs1">Ratti, Luca (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FjVYDwAAQBAJ">Not-So-Special Relationship: The US, The UK and German Unification, 1945–1990</a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-8016-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-8016-0"><bdi>978-0-7486-8016-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not-So-Special+Relationship%3A+The+US%2C+The+UK+and+German+Unification%2C+1945%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-8016-0&rft.aulast=Ratti&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjVYDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitan2003" class="citation book cs1">Reitan, Earl A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7qaMqwGRE00C">The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979–2001</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2203-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2203-9"><bdi>978-0-7425-2203-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thatcher+Revolution%3A+Margaret+Thatcher%2C+John+Major%2C+Tony+Blair%2C+and+the+Transformation+of+Modern+Britain%2C+1979%E2%80%932001&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-2203-9&rft.aulast=Reitan&rft.aufirst=Earl+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7qaMqwGRE00C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Richards_(academic)" title="Howard Richards (academic)">Richards, Howard</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Kw5vLbYq-4C">Understanding the Global Economy</a>. Peace Education Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9748961-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9748961-0-6"><bdi>978-0-9748961-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Global+Economy&rft.pub=Peace+Education+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9748961-0-6&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Kw5vLbYq-4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=elPzEDHG9ysC">Making Economic Sense</a>. Ludwig von Mises Institute (published 2006). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-401-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-401-6"><bdi>978-1-61016-401-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Economic+Sense&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-61016-401-6&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DelPzEDHG9ysC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowthornWells1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rowthorn" title="Robert Rowthorn">Rowthorn, Robert</a> & Wells, John R. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q306AAAAIAAJ">De-Industrialization and Foreign Trade</a>. CUP Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26360-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26360-3"><bdi>978-0-521-26360-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De-Industrialization+and+Foreign+Trade&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26360-3&rft.aulast=Rowthorn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Wells%2C+John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ306AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandersWardMarsh1987" class="citation journal cs1">Sanders, David; Ward, Hugh & <a href="/wiki/David_Marsh_(political_scientist)" title="David Marsh (political scientist)">Marsh, David</a> (1987). "Government Popularity and the Falklands War: A Reassessment". British Journal of Political Science. 17 (3): 281–313. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0007123400004762">10.1017/s0007123400004762</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153797546">153797546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Government+Popularity+and+the+Falklands+War%3A+A+Reassessment&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=281-313&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0007123400004762&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153797546%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Ward%2C+Hugh&rft.au=Marsh%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott-Smith2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Scott-Smith, Giles</a> (2003). "'Her Rather Ambitious Washington Program': Margaret Thatcher's International Visitor Program Visit to the United States in 1967". British Contemporary History. 17 (4): 65–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619460308565458">10.1080/13619460308565458</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-7997">1743-7997</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143466586">143466586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=%27Her+Rather+Ambitious+Washington+Program%27%3A+Margaret+Thatcher%27s+International+Visitor+Program+Visit+to+the+United+States+in+1967&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=65-86&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143466586%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1743-7997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13619460308565458&rft.aulast=Scott-Smith&rft.aufirst=Giles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeldonCollings2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Seldon" title="Anthony Seldon">Seldon, Anthony</a>; et al. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XwKtAgAAQBAJ">Britain under Thatcher</a>. Taylor & Francis (published 2014). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-88291-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-88291-6"><bdi>978-1-317-88291-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+under+Thatcher&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-317-88291-6&rft.aulast=Seldon&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Collings%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXwKtAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeldon2007" class="citation book cs1"> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpR-fJ6sdnwC">Blair's Britain, 1997–2007</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46898-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46898-5"><bdi>978-1-139-46898-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blair%27s+Britain%2C+1997%E2%80%932007&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-139-46898-5&rft.aulast=Seldon&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYpR-fJ6sdnwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenden2004" class="citation book cs1">Senden, Linda (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9Z82q_LXzwC">Soft Law in European Community Law</a>. Hart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-432-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-432-1"><bdi>978-1-84113-432-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soft+Law+in+European+Community+Law&rft.pub=Hart&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84113-432-1&rft.aulast=Senden&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB9Z82q_LXzwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeward2001" class="citation book cs1">Seward, Ingrid (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3WZkyIUEWNgC">The Queen and Di: The Untold Story</a>. Arcade. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-561-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-561-5"><bdi>978-1-55970-561-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen+and+Di%3A+The+Untold+Story&rft.pub=Arcade&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55970-561-5&rft.aulast=Seward&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3WZkyIUEWNgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkedCook1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Sked, Alan</a> & Cook, Chris (1993). Post-War Britain: A Political History, 1945–1992 (Fourth ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-017912-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-017912-5"><bdi>978-0-14-017912-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-War+Britain%3A+A+Political+History%2C+1945%E2%80%931992&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-14-017912-5&rft.aulast=Sked&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Cook%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Smith_(academic)" title="Gordon Smith (academic)">Smith, Gordon</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naval-history.net/NAVAL1982FALKLANDS.htm">Battles of the Falklands War</a>. Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-1792-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-1792-4"><bdi>978-0-7110-1792-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103234134/http://www.naval-history.net/NAVAL1982FALKLANDS.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Falklands+War&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7110-1792-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naval-history.net%2FNAVAL1982FALKLANDS.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoames1980" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Soames, The Lord</a> (1980). "From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe". <a href="/wiki/International_Affairs_(journal)" title="International Affairs (journal)">International Affairs</a>. 56 (3): 405–419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2617389">10.2307/2617389</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2617389">2617389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&rft.atitle=From+Rhodesia+to+Zimbabwe&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=405-419&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2617389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2617389%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Soames&rft.aufirst=The+Lord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2013" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Graham (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7_2TA7ptsvYC">Bang!: A History of Britain in the 1980s</a>. Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78239-137-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78239-137-1"><bdi>978-1-78239-137-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bang%21%3A+A+History+of+Britain+in+the+1980s&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78239-137-1&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7_2TA7ptsvYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTewdwr-Jones2003" class="citation book cs1">Tewdwr-Jones, Mark (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z92CAgAAQBAJ">The Planning Polity: Planning, Government and the Policy Process</a>. Routledge (published 2005). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-44789-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-44789-3"><bdi>978-1-134-44789-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Planning+Polity%3A+Planning%2C+Government+and+the+Policy+Process&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-44789-3&rft.aulast=Tewdwr-Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ92CAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThatcher1993" class="citation book cs1">Thatcher, Margaret (1993). <a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-745663-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-745663-5"><bdi>978-0-00-745663-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Downing+Street+Years&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-00-745663-5&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThatcher1995" class="citation book cs1"> (1995). <a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)">The Path to Power</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638753-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638753-4"><bdi>978-0-00-638753-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Path+to+Power&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-00-638753-4&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton2004" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, Richard C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yy4wkze9NcsC">The Reagan Revolution II: Rebuilding the Western Alliance</a> (Second ed.). Trafford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4120-1356-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4120-1356-7"><bdi>978-1-4120-1356-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reagan+Revolution+II%3A+Rebuilding+the+Western+Alliance&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Trafford&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4120-1356-7&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyy4wkze9NcsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeljanovski1990" class="citation book cs1">Veljanovski, Cento (1990). "The Political Economy of Regulation". In Dunleavy, Patrick; Gamble, Andrew & Peele, Gillian (eds.). Developments in British Politics. Vol. 3. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-04844-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-04844-0"><bdi>978-0-312-04844-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Regulation&rft.btitle=Developments+in+British+Politics&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-312-04844-0&rft.aulast=Veljanovski&rft.aufirst=Cento&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinen2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vinen" title="Richard Vinen">Vinen, Richard</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZsXpZTCQKQC">Thatcher's Britain: The Politics and Social Upheaval of the Thatcher Era</a>. Simon & Schuster (published 2013). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-2828-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-2828-8"><bdi>978-1-4711-2828-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thatcher%27s+Britain%3A+The+Politics+and+Social+Upheaval+of+the+Thatcher+Era&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4711-2828-8&rft.aulast=Vinen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZsXpZTCQKQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWapshott2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wapshott" title="Nicholas Wapshott">Wapshott, Nicholas</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ronaldreaganmarg00waps_0">Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: A Political Marriage</a>. Sentinel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-047-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-047-8"><bdi>978-1-59523-047-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ronald+Reagan+and+Margaret+Thatcher%3A+A+Political+Marriage&rft.pub=Sentinel&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59523-047-8&rft.aulast=Wapshott&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fronaldreaganmarg00waps_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2004" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FtAiLTYSpA4C&pg=PA113">"A new way of being British"</a>. Britishness Since 1870. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22016-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22016-3"><bdi>978-0-415-22016-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+new+way+of+being+British&rft.btitle=Britishness+Since+1870&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-22016-3&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFtAiLTYSpA4C%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_West" title="Chris West">West, Chris</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7mGQ1aVde4C">First Class: A History of Britain in 36 Postage Stamps</a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-1437-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-1437-5"><bdi>978-1-4481-1437-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Class%3A+A+History+of+Britain+in+36+Postage+Stamps&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4481-1437-5&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ7mGQ1aVde4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1998" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Andy (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6keDJpK0xL8C">UK Government & Politics</a>. Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-33158-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-435-33158-0"><bdi>978-0-435-33158-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UK+Government+%26+Politics&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-435-33158-0&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6keDJpK0xL8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2001" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Gary (2001). "'A Matter of Regret': Britain, the 1983 Grenada Crisis, and the Special Relationship". Twentieth Century British History. 12 (2): 208–230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F12.2.208">10.1093/tcbh/12.2.208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=%27A+Matter+of+Regret%27%3A+Britain%2C+the+1983+Grenada+Crisis%2C+and+the+Special+Relationship&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=208-230&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F12.2.208&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitte2014" class="citation book cs1">Witte, Rob (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xd_BAAAQBAJ">Racist Violence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, France and the Netherlands</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-88919-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-88919-9"><bdi>978-1-317-88919-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racist+Violence+and+the+State%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis+of+Britain%2C+France+and+the+Netherlands&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-88919-9&rft.aulast=Witte&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Xd_BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYahuda1996" class="citation book cs1">Yahuda, Michael B. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b9gGzWigqpMC">Hong Kong: China's Challenge</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14071-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14071-3"><bdi>978-0-415-14071-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong%3A+China%27s+Challenge&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14071-3&rft.aulast=Yahuda&rft.aufirst=Michael+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db9gGzWigqpMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZemcovFarrar1989" class="citation book cs1">Zemcov, Ilya & Farrar, John (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=po9Ki83S2WwC">Gorbachev: The Man and the System</a>. Transaction (published 2009). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-1382-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-1382-2"><bdi>978-1-4128-1382-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gorbachev%3A+The+Man+and+the+System&rft.pub=Transaction&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-1382-2&rft.aulast=Zemcov&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Farrar%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpo9Ki83S2WwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Margaret Thatcher at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Margaret Thatcher">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="c:Margaret Thatcher">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Margaret Thatcher">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="q:Margaret Thatcher">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Margaret Thatcher">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Margaret Thatcher">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Margaret_Thatcher" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Margaret Thatcher">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200205104344/http://www.thatchercentre.com/margaret-thatcher/">Margaret Thatcher Centre</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 5 February 2020)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//margaretthatcher.org/essential/biography.asp">Margaret Thatcher Foundation</a>, with thousands of online documents and primary sources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mrs-margaret-thatcher">contributions in Parliament by Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Thatcher%2C%20Margaret%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Margaret%20Thatcher%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thatcher%2C%20Margaret%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Margaret%20Thatcher%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thatcher%2C%20M%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Margaret%20Thatcher%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thatcher%2C%20Margaret%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Margaret%20Thatcher%22%29%20OR%20%28%221925-2013%22%20AND%20Thatcher%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Margaret Thatcher</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Library resources <a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Margaret+Thatcher">in your library</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Margaret+Thatcher&library=0CHOOSE0">in other libraries</a> about Margaret Thatcher</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/3625">Works by Margaret Thatcher</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F258159">"Archival material relating to Margaret Thatcher"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Margaret+Thatcher&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF258159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMargaret+Thatcher" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?2071">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0857137/">Margaret Thatcher</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/margaretthatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/margaret-thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp05827">Portraits of Margaret Thatcher</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130408204606/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10364876">Obituary (BBC News Online)</a> at the Wayback Machine (archived 8 April 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131005092036/https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/margaret-thatcher">History of Baroness Margaret Thatcher (Gov.uk)</a> at the Wayback Machine (archived 5 October 2013)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Crowder" title="John Crowder">John Crowder</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley</a> <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a>–<a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Booth" title="Hartley Booth">Hartley Booth</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Richard Crossman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science">Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science</a> 1967–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Education and Science">Secretary of State for Education and Science</a> 1970–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Reg_Prentice" title="Reg Prentice">Reg Prentice</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment">Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment</a> 1974–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Raison" title="Timothy Raison">Timothy Raison</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 1975–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> 1979–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> 1979–1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Civil_Service" title="Minister for the Civil Service">Minister for the Civil Service</a> 1979–1990 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> 1975–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">Group of Seven</a> 1984 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Invocation Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a> 1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Buckingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the University of Buckingham">Chancellor of the University of Buckingham</a> 1992–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Jacomb" title="Martin Jacomb">Martin Jacomb</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Warren E. Burger</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="Chancellor of the College of William & Mary">Chancellor of the College of William & Mary</a> 1993–2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Freedom_Award" title="Ronald Reagan Freedom Award">Ronald Reagan Freedom Award</a> 1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Margaret_Thatcher" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Template:Margaret Thatcher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Template talk:Margaret Thatcher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret Thatcher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Margaret_Thatcher" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (1979–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> (1975–1990)</li> <li>MP for <a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley</a> (1959–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Bodies_(Admission_to_Meetings)_Act_1960" title="Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960">Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_10/70" title="Circular 10/70">Circular 10/70</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher">Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Awake" title="Britain Awake">"Britain Awake" (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Callaghan_ministry" title="1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry">Vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry (1979)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/85px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/128px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="3259" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_democracy" title="Union democracy">Union democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_under_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of ministers under Margaret Thatcher">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wets_and_dries" title="Wets and dries">wets and dries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1979%E2%80%931985)" title="Cold War (1979–1985)">1st term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">2nd–3rd term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/First_Thatcher_ministry" title="First Thatcher ministry">1st ministry (1979–1983)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1979_United_Kingdom_budget" title="June 1979 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1980 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_lady%27s_not_for_turning" title="The lady's not for turning">"The lady's not for turning" (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1981 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1981)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_25" title="Gang of 25">Gang of 25</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">Irish hunger strike (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1982 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> (1982) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejoice_(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="Rejoice (Margaret Thatcher)">"Rejoice"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gould%E2%80%93Margaret_Thatcher_exchange" title="Diana Gould–Margaret Thatcher exchange">Diana Gould exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flags_over_Port_Stanley" title="White flags over Port Stanley">"White flags over Port Stanley"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1983 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1983)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">2nd ministry (1983–1987)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1984 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCHQ_trade_union_ban" title="GCHQ trade union ban">GCHQ trade union ban</a> (1984) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Civil_Service_Unions_v_Minister_for_the_Civil_Service" title="Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service">CCSU case</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_United_Kingdom_miners%27_strike" title="1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike">Miners' strike (1984–85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1985 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act (1985)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rate-capping_rebellion" title="Rate-capping rebellion">rate-capping rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_affair" title="Westland affair">Westland affair</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1986 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1987 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1987)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Third_Thatcher_ministry" title="Third Thatcher ministry">3rd ministry (1987–1990)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1988 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988%E2%80%931994_British_broadcasting_voice_restrictions" title="1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions">Broadcasting restrictions (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mound" title="Sermon on the Mound">"Sermon on the Mound" (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1989 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)" title="Poll tax (Great Britain)">Community Charge (1989–90)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">Poll tax riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1990 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._No._No._(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="No. No. No. (Margaret Thatcher)">"No. No. No." (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="1990 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours">Resignation Honours (1990)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Margaret_Thatcher#Conservative_Party_leadership_elections" title="Electoral history of Margaret Thatcher">Party elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Margaret_Thatcher#United_Kingdom_general_elections" title="Electoral history of Margaret Thatcher">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Bibliography of Margaret Thatcher">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years</a> (1993 autobiography)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)">The Path to Power</a> (1995 memoir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statecraft:_Strategies_for_a_Changing_World" title="Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World">Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Thatcher" title="Denis Thatcher">Denis Thatcher</a> (husband) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatcher_baronets" title="Thatcher baronets">baronetcy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Thatcher" title="Mark Thatcher">Mark Thatcher</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Thatcher" title="Carol Thatcher">Carol Thatcher</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Roberts" title="Alfred Roberts">Alfred Roberts</a> (father)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_have_become_a_grandmother" title="We have become a grandmother">We have become a grandmother</a>" (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher">Cultural depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anyone_for_Denis%3F_(video)" title="Anyone for Denis? (video)">Anyone for Denis?</a> (1982 TV play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">Spitting Image</a> (1984–1996 & 2020 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Statesman_(1987_TV_series)" title="The New Statesman (1987 TV series)">The New Statesman</a> (1987–1991 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcher:_The_Final_Days" title="Thatcher: The Final Days">Thatcher: The Final Days</a> (1991 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Falklands_Play" title="The Falklands Play">The Falklands Play</a> (2002 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer:_The_Truth" title="Jeffrey Archer: The Truth">Jeffrey Archer: The Truth</a> (2002 TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alan_Clark_Diaries" title="The Alan Clark Diaries">The Alan Clark Diaries</a> (2004 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochet_in_Suburbia" title="Pinochet in Suburbia">Pinochet in Suburbia</a> (2006 docudrama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Walk_to_Finchley" title="The Long Walk to Finchley">The Long Walk to Finchley</a> (2008 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_(2009_film)" title="Margaret (2009 film)">Margaret</a> (2009 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)" title="The Queen (British TV serial)">The Queen</a> (2009 TV serial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(film)" title="The Iron Lady (film)">The Iron Lady</a> (2011 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Tony_Blair" title="The Hunt for Tony Blair">The Hunt for Tony Blair</a> (2011 episode)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_La_Che" title="In Search of La Che">In Search of La Che</a> (2011 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_season_4" title="The Crown season 4">The Crown</a> (2020 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2024_film)" title="Reagan (2024 film)">Reagan</a> (2024 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handbagged" title="Handbagged">Handbagged</a> (2010, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audience_(2013_play)" title="The Audience (2013 play)">The Audience</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(London_Guildhall)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (London Guildhall)">London Guildhall (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(Palace_of_Westminster)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (Palace of Westminster)">Palace of Westminster (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(Grantham)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (Grantham)">Grantham (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Portrait of Margaret Thatcher">Richard Stone portrait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blatcherism" title="Blatcherism">Blatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Death and funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honours_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of honours of Margaret Thatcher">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatchergate" title="Thatchergate">Thatchergate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>← <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> →</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Category:Margaret Thatcher">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Margaret_Thatcher" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Margaret_Thatcher" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Margaret Thatcher</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole (Orford)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">G. Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Chatham (Pitt the Elder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">Grafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Goderich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli (Beaconsfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ponsonby" title="George Ponsonby">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a>/<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li>Vacant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby (Stanley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">5th Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon of Kedleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">4th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham" title="Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">5th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander of Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Cledwyn of Penrhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Cranborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall of Blaisdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_True,_Baron_True" title="Nicholas True, Baron True">True</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservative_and_Unionist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Conservative Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Conservative Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_and_Unionist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative and Unionist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Archive" title="Conservative Party Archive">Conservative Party Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Conservative Party (UK)">History of the Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism">History of conservatism in Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth_Manifesto" title="Tamworth Manifesto">Tamworth Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club" title="Carlton Club">Carlton Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose_League" title="Primrose League">Primrose League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_Reform_League" title="Tariff Reform League">Tariff Reform League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Free_Food_League" title="Unionist Free Food League">Unionist Free Food League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">Coalition Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_meeting" title="Carlton Club meeting">Carlton Club meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Conservative Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party" title="Fourth Party">Fourth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party" title="Irish Conservative Party">Irish Conservative Party </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Unionist_Alliance" title="Irish Unionist Alliance">Irish Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Scotland)" title="Unionist Party (Scotland)">Scottish Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (1828–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (1834–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li>vacant (1848–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leaders (1922–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Chairmen (1911–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Steel-Maitland" title="Arthur Steel-Maitland">Steel-Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Younger,_1st_Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="George Younger, 1st Viscount Younger of Leckie">Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Jackson_(cricketer)" title="Stanley Jackson (cricketer)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._C._Davidson" title="J. C. C. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird,_1st_Viscount_Stonehaven" title="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hacking,_1st_Baron_Hacking" title="Douglas Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking">Hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dugdale,_1st_Baron_Crathorne" title="Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Assheton,_1st_Baron_Clitheroe" title="Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe">Assheton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Poole,_1st_Baron_Poole" title="Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Poole,_1st_Baron_Poole" title="Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hare,_1st_Viscount_Blakenham" title="John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham">Blakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_du_Cann" title="Edward du Cann">du Cann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Gwydir" title="Peter Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">Gummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Tebbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Sutton_Mandeville" title="Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler,_Baron_Fowler" title="Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hanley" title="Jeremy Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mawhinney" title="Brian Mawhinney">Mawhinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancram" title="Michael Ancram">Ancram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Fox</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Saatchi,_Baron_Saatchi" title="Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi">Saatchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Maude" title="Francis Maude">Maude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Spelman" title="Caroline Spelman">Spelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Pickles" title="Eric Pickles">Pickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayeeda_Warsi,_Baroness_Warsi" title="Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi">Warsi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feldman,_Baron_Feldman_of_Elstree" title="Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Shapps</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feldman,_Baron_Feldman_of_Elstree" title="Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feldman,_Baron_Feldman_of_Elstree" title="Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Lewis" title="Brandon Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Milling" title="Amanda Milling">Milling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Dowden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stephenson" title="Andrew Stephenson">Stephenson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Berry" title="Jake Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hands" title="Greg Hands">Hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holden_(British_politician)" title="Richard Holden (British politician)">Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fuller_(Conservative_politician)" title="Richard Fuller (Conservative politician)">Fuller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancram" title="Michael Ancram">Ancram</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Leadership_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1965_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1965 Conservative Party leadership election">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatcher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989</a> <ul><li>Thatcher re-elected</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 Conservative Party leadership election">1995</a> <ul><li>Major re-elected</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1997 Conservative Party leadership election">1997</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2001 Conservative Party leadership election">2001</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 Conservative Party leadership election">2003</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2005 Conservative Party leadership election">2005</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 Conservative Party leadership election">2016</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">July–September 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">October 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2024 Conservative Party leadership election">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Board" title="Conservative Party Board">Conservative Party Board</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Campaign_Headquarters" title="Conservative Campaign Headquarters">Conservative Campaign Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Treasurer of the Conservative Party">Treasurer of the Conservative Party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Research_Department" title="Conservative Research Department">Conservative Research Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Voluntary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Convention" title="National Conservative Convention">National Conservative Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Committee" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Conservative Chief Whip's Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Conference_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party Conference (UK)">Conservative Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Conservatives" title="Northern Ireland Conservatives">Northern Ireland Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Conservatives" title="Gibraltar Conservatives">Gibraltar Conservatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">London Conservatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Association" title="Conservative Association">Conservative Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Review_(2016)" title="Conservative Party Review (2016)">Conservative Party Review (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Conservative Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Conservative Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Women%27s_Organisation" title="Conservative Women's Organisation">Conservative Women's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_Abroad" title="Conservatives Abroad">Conservatives Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Conservative_Clubs" title="Association of Conservative Clubs">Association of Conservative Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_group" title="2020 group">2020 group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activate_(organisation)" title="Activate (organisation)">Activate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Bridge" title="The Atlantic Bridge">The Atlantic Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Collar_Conservativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Collar Conservativism">Blue Collar Conservativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_Group" title="Common Sense Group">Common Sense Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Animal_Welfare_Foundation" title="Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation">Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christian_Fellowship" title="Conservative Christian Fellowship">Conservative Christian Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Co-operative_Movement" title="Conservative Co-operative Movement">Conservative Co-operative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Countryside_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Countryside Forum (page does not exist)">Conservative Countryside Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Disability_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Disability Group (page does not exist)">Conservative Disability Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_European_Forum" title="Conservative European Forum">Conservative European Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Friends of America">Conservative Friends of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_the_Chinese" title="Conservative Friends of the Chinese">Conservative Friends of the Chinese</a></li> <li>Conservative Friends of Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_India" title="Conservative Friends of India">Conservative Friends of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Israel" title="Conservative Friends of Israel">Conservative Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Palestine" title="Conservative Friends of Palestine">Conservative Friends of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Turkey" title="Conservative Friends of Turkey">Conservative Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_History_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative History Group (page does not exist)">Conservative History Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Humanist_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Humanist Association (page does not exist)">Conservative Humanist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mainstream" title="Conservative Mainstream">Conservative Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Health (page does not exist)">Conservative Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Muslim_Forum" title="Conservative Muslim Forum">Conservative Muslim Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Education_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Education Society (page does not exist)">Conservative Education Society</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_National_Property_Advisory_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative National Property Advisory Committee (page does not exist)">Conservative National Property Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Rural_Affairs_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Rural Affairs Group (page does not exist)">Conservative Rural Affairs Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Science_%26_Technology_Forum" title="Conservative Science & Technology Forum">Conservative Science & Technology Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_at_Work" title="Conservatives at Work">Conservative Trade Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Transport_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Transport Group (page does not exist)">Conservative Transport Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Way_Forward" title="Conservative Way Forward">Conservative Way Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Women_National_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Women National Committee (page does not exist)">Conservative Women National Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Workers_%26_Trade_Unionists" title="Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists">Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatives_4_Cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatives 4 Cities (page does not exist)">Conservatives 4 Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatives_Against_Fox_Hunting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatives Against Fox Hunting (page does not exist)">Conservatives Against Fox Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_at_Work" title="Conservatives at Work">Conservatives at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatives_for_International_Travel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatives for International Travel (page does not exist)">Conservatives for International Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Group" title="Cornerstone Group">Cornerstone Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Recovery_Group" title="COVID Recovery Group">COVID Recovery Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Foundation_(think_tank)" title="European Foundation (think tank)">European Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Research_Group" title="European Research Group">European Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Start_(politics)" title="Fresh Start (politics)">Fresh Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Thatcher Foundation">Margaret Thatcher Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Monday_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Monday Club">Monday Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92_Group" title="92 Group">92 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Campaign_(UK)" title="No Campaign (UK)">No Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Turning_Back_(political_group)" title="No Turning Back (political group)">No Turning Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Research_Group" title="Northern Research Group">Northern Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Conservatives_(caucus)" title="One Nation Conservatives (caucus)">One Nation Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Conservatism" title="Popular Conservatism">Popular Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewing_One_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renewing One Nation (page does not exist)">Renewing One Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsdon_Group" title="Selsdon Group">Selsdon Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tory_Green_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tory Green Initiative (page does not exist)">Tory Green Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_Reform_Group" title="Tory Reform Group">Tory Reform Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Britons%27_Foundation" title="Young Britons' Foundation">Young Britons' Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Families_(Conservative_Party)" title="Five Families (Conservative Party)">Five Families</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_(UK)" title="List of Conservative Party MPs (UK)">List of MPs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Conservative_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Conservative MPs (2005–2010)">2005–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Conservative_MPs_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of United Kingdom Conservative MPs (2010–2015)">2010–2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_in_London" title="List of Conservative Party MPs in London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Think_tanks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Think tanks</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Group" title="Bow Group">Bow Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Blue_(organisation)" title="Bright Blue (organisation)">Bright Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Policy_Studies" title="Centre for Policy Studies">Centre for Policy Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Social_Justice" title="Centre for Social Justice">Centre for Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Foundation_(think_tank)" title="European Foundation (think tank)">European Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_(think_tank)" title="Onward (think tank)">Onward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Exchange" title="Policy Exchange">Policy Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Conservative_Lawyers" title="Society of Conservative Lawyers">Society of Conservative Lawyers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>List of current alliances </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Democrat Union">International Democrat Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Union" title="European Democrat Union">European Democrat Union</a>) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_Group_and_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance">European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>List of former alliances </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93DUP_agreement" title="Conservative–DUP agreement">Conservative–DUP agreement</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party Group</a>) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives" title="European Conservatives">European Conservative Group</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democrats" title="European Democrats">European Democrats</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_European_Reform" title="Movement for European Reform">Movement for European Reform</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_an_Open_Europe" title="Alliance for an Open Europe">Alliance for an Open Europe</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Conservatives_and_Unionists" title="Ulster Conservatives and Unionists">Ulster Conservatives and Unionists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;;background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Template:1990 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Template talk:1990 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1990 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990 Conservative Party leadership election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div>Outgoing Leader: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Douglas Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div>*Withdrew after first ballot</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Template:1989 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Template talk:1989 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1989 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989 Conservative Party leadership election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div>Incumbent Leader: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Anthony_Meyer,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Anthony Meyer, 3rd Baronet">Sir Anthony Meyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Template:1975 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Template talk:1975 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1975 Conservative Party leadership election"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975 Conservative Party leadership election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div>Outgoing Leader: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Fraser_(British_politician)" title="Hugh Fraser (British politician)">Hugh Fraser</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peyton,_Baron_Peyton_of_Yeovil" title="John Peyton, Baron Peyton of Yeovil">John Peyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Jim Prior</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div>*Withdrew after first ballot</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template:1979 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template talk:1979 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1979 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 United Kingdom general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1979 United Kingdom general election">MPs elected</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland_(1979%E2%80%931983)#List" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland (1979–1983)">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(1979%E2%80%931983)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (1979–1983)">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 1979 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddddff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>)</li> <li>Appointed prime minister: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harry_West" title="Harry West">Harry West</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Billy_Wolfe_(politician)" title="Billy Wolfe (politician)">William Wolfe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans" title="Gwynfor Evans">Gwynfor Evans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerry_Fitt" title="Gerry Fitt">Gerry Fitt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="United Ulster Unionist Party">United Ulster Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ernest_Baird" title="Ernest Baird">Ernest Baird</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Popular_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Popular Unionist Party">Ulster Popular Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Kilfedder" title="James Kilfedder">James Kilfedder</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Northern_Ireland" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorpe_affair" title="Thorpe affair">Thorpe affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Isn%27t_Working" title="Labour Isn't Working">Labour Isn't Working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Scottish_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Scottish devolution referendum">1979 Scottish devolution referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979 Welsh devolution referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Callaghan_ministry" title="1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry">1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Airey_Neave" title="Assassination of Airey Neave">Assassination of Airey Neave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1979 United Kingdom local elections">1979 United Kingdom local elections</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template:1983 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template talk:1983 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1983 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 United Kingdom general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1983 United Kingdom general election">MPs elected</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland_(1983-1987)#List" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland (1983-1987)">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(1983%E2%80%931987)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (1983–1987)">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 1983 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Results of the 1983 United Kingdom general election">Results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddddff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>)</li> <li>Appointed prime minister: Margaret Thatcher (Conservative)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a> - <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> - <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">SDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Molyneaux,_Baron_Molyneaux_of_Killead" title="James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead">James Molyneaux </a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gordon_Wilson_(Scottish_politician)" title="Gordon Wilson (Scottish politician)">Gordon Wilson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Wigley" title="Dafydd Wigley">Dafydd Wigley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Popular_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Popular Unionist Party">Ulster Popular Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Kilfedder" title="James Kilfedder">James Kilfedder</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Northern_Ireland" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Falklands_War#United_Kingdom" title="Aftermath of the Falklands War">Falklands factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gould%E2%80%93Margaret_Thatcher_exchange" title="Diana Gould–Margaret Thatcher exchange">Diana Gould–Margaret Thatcher exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template:1987 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Template talk:1987 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1987 United Kingdom general election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 United Kingdom general election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1987 United Kingdom general election">MPs elected</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Northern_Ireland_(1987%E2%80%931992)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Northern Ireland (1987–1992)">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland_(1987-1992)#List" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland (1987-1992)">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Wales_(1987%E2%80%931992)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in Wales (1987–1992)">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 1987 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddddff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>)</li> <li>Appointed prime minister: Margaret Thatcher (Conservative)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">SDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Molyneaux,_Baron_Molyneaux_of_Killead" title="James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead">James Molyneaux</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ian_Paisley" title="Ian Paisley">Ian Paisley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gordon_Wilson_(Scottish_politician)" title="Gordon Wilson (Scottish politician)">Gordon Wilson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Elis-Thomas" title="Dafydd Elis-Thomas">Dafydd Elis-Thomas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Popular_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Popular Unionist Party">Ulster Popular Unionist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Kilfedder" title="James Kilfedder">James Kilfedder</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Northern_Ireland" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Wales" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Education_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Template:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Template talk:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Education_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents of the Board of Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry">Londonderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Birrell" title="Augustine Birrell">Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Runciman,_1st_Viscount_Runciman_of_Doxford" title="Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford">Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._L._Fisher" title="H. A. L. Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Percy,_1st_Baron_Percy_of_Newcastle" title="Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle">Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stanley" title="Oliver Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_7th_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbrand_Sackville,_9th_Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr">De La Warr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herwald_Ramsbotham,_1st_Viscount_Soulbury" title="Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury">Soulbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Education (United Kingdom)">Ministers of education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Law,_1st_Baron_Coleraine" title="Richard Law, 1st Baron Coleraine">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Wilkinson" title="Ellen Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tomlinson_(British_politician)" title="George Tomlinson (British politician)">Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Horsbrugh,_Baroness_Horsbrugh" title="Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh">Horsbrugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lloyd,_Baron_Geoffrey-Lloyd" title="Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyle,_Baron_Boyle_of_Handsworth" title="Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Prentice" title="Reg Prentice">Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mulley" title="Fred Mulley">Mulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Carlisle" title="Mark Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Patten,_Baron_Patten" title="John Patten, Baron Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Shephard" title="Gillian Shephard">Shephard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and employment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Shephard" title="Gillian Shephard">Shephard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Morris" title="Estelle Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kelly" title="Ruth Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children, schools and families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Balls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovation, universities and skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Denham_(politician)" title="John Denham (politician)">Denham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Donelan" title="Michelle Donelan">Donelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Malthouse" title="Kit Malthouse">Malthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Keegan" title="Gillian Keegan">Keegan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thatcher_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thatcher_Ministry" title="Template:Thatcher Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thatcher_Ministry" title="Template talk:Thatcher Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thatcher_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thatcher Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thatcher_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_under_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of ministers under Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Atkins" title="Humphrey Atkins">Humphrey Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Kenneth Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ganzoni,_2nd_Baron_Belstead" title="John Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead">Lord Belstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biffen" title="John Biffen">John Biffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Leon Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Sutton_Mandeville" title="Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville">Peter Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Carlisle" title="Mark Carlisle">Mark Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Lord Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Channon" title="Paul Channon">Paul Channon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Lord Cockfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Edwards,_Baron_Crickhowell" title="Nicholas Edwards, Baron Crickhowell">Nicholas Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler,_Baron_Fowler" title="Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler">Norman Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gilmour,_Baron_Gilmour_of_Craigmillar" title="Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar">Sir Ian Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Gowrie" title="Grey Gowrie">Lord Gowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">John Gummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Havers,_Baron_Havers" title="Michael Havers, Baron Havers">Lord Havers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Lord Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Sir Geoffrey Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Howell,_Baron_Howell_of_Guildford" title="David Howell, Baron Howell of Guildford">David Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Wirral" title="David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral">David Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Douglas Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jenkin" title="Patrick Jenkin">Patrick Jenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jopling" title="Michael Jopling">Michael Jopling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Sir Keith Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_King,_Baron_King_of_Bridgwater" title="Tom King, Baron King of Bridgwater">Tom King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Norman Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Nigel Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Peter Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">John MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mackay,_Baron_Mackay_of_Clashfern" title="James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern">James Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Maude" title="Angus Maude">Angus Maude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore,_Baron_Moore_of_Lower_Marsh" title="John Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Tony Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nott" title="John Nott">John Nott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Cecil Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Jim Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Francis Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Rees,_Baron_Rees" title="Peter Rees, Baron Rees">Peter Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley,_Baron_Ridley_of_Liddesdale" title="Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale">Nicholas Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Lord Soames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_St_John-Stevas" title="Norman St John-Stevas">Norman St John-Stevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Norman Tebbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Waddington" title="David Waddington">David Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">John Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waldegrave,_Baron_Waldegrave_of_North_Hill" title="William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill">William Waldegrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Walker,_Baron_Walker_of_Worcester" title="Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester">Peter Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Graffham" title="David Young, Baron Young of Graffham">Lord Young of Graffham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Young,_Baroness_Young" title="Janet Young, Baroness Young">Baroness Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Younger,_4th_Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie">George Younger</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heath_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heath_Ministry" title="Template:Heath Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heath_Ministry" title="Template talk:Heath Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heath_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heath Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heath_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heath_ministry" title="Heath ministry">Heath Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Anthony Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Boardman,_Baron_Boardman" title="Tom Boardman, Baron Boardman">Tom Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Campbell,_Baron_Campbell_of_Croy" title="Gordon Campbell, Baron Campbell of Croy">Gordon Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Robert Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Lord Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(British_businessman)" title="John Davies (British businessman)">John Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Sir Alec Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gilmour,_Baron_Gilmour_of_Craigmillar" title="Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar">Ian Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Lord Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Sir Geoffrey Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jellicoe,_2nd_Earl_Jellicoe" title="George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe">Earl Jellicoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jenkin" title="Patrick Jenkin">Patrick Jenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Sir Keith Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Iain Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Macmillan" title="Maurice Macmillan">Maurice Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noble,_Baron_Glenkinglas" title="Michael Noble, Baron Glenkinglas">Michael Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peyton,_Baron_Peyton_of_Yeovil" title="John Peyton, Baron Peyton of Yeovil">John Peyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Jim Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Francis Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rippon" title="Geoffrey Rippon">Geoffrey Rippon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Gwydir" title="Peter Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir">Peter Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Walker,_Baron_Walker_of_Worcester" title="Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester">Peter Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hennessy,_3rd_Baron_Windlesham" title="David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham">Lord Windlesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1981_Irish_hunger_strike" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1981_Hunger_Strike" title="Template:1981 Hunger Strike"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1981_Hunger_Strike" title="Template talk:1981 Hunger Strike"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1981_Hunger_Strike" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1981 Hunger Strike"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1981_Irish_hunger_strike" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants who died</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hughes" title="Francis Hughes">Francis Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCreesh" title="Raymond McCreesh">Raymond McCreesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_O%27Hara" title="Patsy O'Hara">Patsy O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonnell_(hunger_striker)" title="Joe McDonnell (hunger striker)">Joe McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hurson" title="Martin Hurson">Martin Hurson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Lynch_(hunger_striker)" title="Kevin Lynch (hunger striker)">Kevin Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Doherty_(hunger_striker)" title="Kieran Doherty (hunger striker)">Kieran Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McElwee" title="Thomas McElwee">Thomas McElwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Devine_(hunger_striker)" title="Michael Devine (hunger striker)">Michael Devine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/32px-NIShape.gif" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/48px-NIShape.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/64px-NIShape.gif 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="405" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Northern_Ireland" title="Portal:Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants who survived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brendan McLaughlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Quinn_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Quinn (Irish republican)">Paddy Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_McKeown" title="Laurence McKeown">Laurence McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McGeown" title="Pat McGeown">Pat McGeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Devlin_(Irish_republican)" title="Matt Devlin (Irish republican)">Matt Devlin</a></li> <li>Liam McCloskey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Sheehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Pat Sheehan (Irish republican)">Patrick Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_McMullan" title="Jackie McMullan">Jackie McMullan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fox_(Irish_republican)" title="Bernard Fox (Irish republican)">Bernard Fox</a></li> <li>Hugh Carville</li> <li>John Pickering</li> <li>Gerard Hodgkins</li> <li>James Devine</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political and religious figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Atkins" title="Humphrey Atkins">Humphrey Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Jim Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin McAliskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Carron" title="Owen Carron">Owen Carron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_%C3%93_Fiaich" title="Tomás Ó Fiaich">Tomás Ó Fiaich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Hume" title="Basil Hume">Basil Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Faul" title="Denis Faul">Denis Faul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Magee_(bishop)" title="John Magee (bishop)">John Magee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_protest" title="Blanket protest">Blanket protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_protest" title="Dirty protest">Dirty protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1981_Fermanagh_and_South_Tyrone_by-election" title="April 1981 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election">April 1981 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">June 1981 Irish general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1981_Fermanagh_and_South_Tyrone_by-election" title="August 1981 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election">August 1981 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_European_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Template:Presidents of the European Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Template talk:Presidents of the European Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the European Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_European_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">Presidents of the</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman-in-Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman-in-Office">President-in-Office</a> (1975–2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Tindemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Van Agt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Schlüter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Santer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Lubbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Lubbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Cavaco_Silva" title="Aníbal Cavaco Silva">Cavaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Nyrup Rasmussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Dehaene" title="Jean-Luc Dehaene">Dehaene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Kok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Juncker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Klima" title="Viktor Klima">Klima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Lipponen" title="Paavo Lipponen">Lipponen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Persson" title="Göran Persson">Persson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Fogh Rasmussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Simitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Balkenende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Juncker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" title="Wolfgang Schüssel">Schüssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen" title="Matti Vanhanen">Vanhanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates" title="José Sócrates">Sócrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek" title="Mirek Topolánek">Topolánek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Fischer_(politician)" title="Jan Fischer (politician)">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Reinfeldt" title="Fredrik Reinfeldt">Reinfeldt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Permanent President (since 2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Van Rompuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1983" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_1983" title="Template:FRS 1983"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_1983" title="Template talk:FRS 1983"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_1983" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 1983"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1983" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1983">in 1983</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Aitken" title="Martin Aitken">Martin Aitken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bateson" title="Patrick Bateson">Patrick Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cocking" title="Edward Cocking">Edward Cocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaramakrishna_Chandrasekhar" title="Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar">Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Deslongchamps" title="Pierre Deslongchamps">Pierre Deslongchamps</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166884" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166884">William Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._John_Ellis" title="R. John Ellis">R. John Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Ferguson-Smith" title="Malcolm Ferguson-Smith">Malcolm Ferguson-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Fersht" title="Alan Fersht">Alan Fersht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="William Alexander Gambling">William Alexander Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Graham_Gass" title="Ian Graham Gass">Ian Graham Gass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_R._Gibbons" title="Ian R. Gibbons">Ian Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gray_(chemist)" title="George Gray (chemist)">George Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Guillery" title="Ray Guillery">Ray Guillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hooley" title="Christopher Hooley">Christopher Hooley</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165253" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165253">Anthony James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Anthony_Lawrence" title="Peter Anthony Lawrence">Peter Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Lawson_(scientist)" title="John D. Lawson (scientist)">John Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusztig" title="George Lusztig">George Lusztig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_David_Marsden" class="mw-redirect" title="C David Marsden">C David Marsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Metcalf" title="Donald Metcalf">Donald Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_O%27Nions" title="Keith O'Nions">Keith O'Nions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Paige" title="Ted Paige">Ted Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Pepper" title="Michael Pepper">Michael Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._D._Powell" title="Michael J. D. Powell">Michael J. D. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Randle" title="Philip Randle">Philip Randle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Roitt" title="Ivan Roitt">Ivan Roitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sargeson" title="Alan Sargeson">Alan Sargeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_W._Sciama" title="Dennis W. Sciama">Dennis Sciama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Sneddon" title="Ian Sneddon">Ian Sneddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Southern" title="Edwin Southern">Edwin Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Spalding" title="Brian Spalding">Brian Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Unwin" title="Nigel Unwin">Nigel Unwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Ward_(physicist)" title="Ian Ward (physicist)">Ian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Weinberg" title="Felix Weinberg">Felix Weinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Weissmann" title="Charles Weissmann">Charles Weissmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Westcott" title="John Westcott">John Westcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Williams_(biochemist)" title="Dudley Williams (biochemist)">Dudley Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statute 12</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam">Anatole Abragam</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leray" title="Jean Leray">Jean Leray</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Westheimer" title="Frank Westheimer">Frank Westheimer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation Unthinkable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation Masterdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation Beleaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation Blacklist Forty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the Tuapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation Gladio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS Pueblo incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chancellors_of_the_College_of_William_&amp;_Mary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #115740; color: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B9975B, inset -2px -2px 0 #B9975B;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:College_of_William_%26_Mary_chancellors" title="Template:College of William & Mary chancellors"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:College_of_William_%26_Mary_chancellors" title="Template talk:College of William & Mary chancellors"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:College_of_William_%26_Mary_chancellors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:College of William & Mary chancellors"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_the_College_of_William_&amp;_Mary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="Chancellor of the College of William & Mary">Chancellors of the College of William & Mary</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Compton_(bishop)" title="Henry Compton (bishop)">Henry Compton</a> (1693–1700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tenison" title="Thomas Tenison">Thomas Tenison</a> (1700–1707)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Compton_(bishop)" title="Henry Compton (bishop)">Henry Compton</a> (1707–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(bishop_of_London)" title="John Robinson (bishop of London)">John Robinson</a> (1714–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wake" title="William Wake">William Wake</a> (1721–1729)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gibson" title="Edmund Gibson">Edmund Gibson</a> (1729–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wake" title="William Wake">William Wake</a> (1736–1737)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gibson" title="Edmund Gibson">Edmund Gibson</a> (1737–1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sherlock" title="Thomas Sherlock">Thomas Sherlock</a> (1749–1761)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hayter" title="Thomas Hayter">Thomas Hayter</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wyndham,_2nd_Earl_of_Egremont" title="Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont">Charles Wyndham</a> (1762–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Yorke,_1st_Earl_of_Hardwicke" title="Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke">Philip Yorke</a> (1764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Terrick" title="Richard Terrick">Richard Terrick</a> (1764–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (1788–1799)</li> <li>Vacant (1800–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (1859–1862)</li> <li>Vacant (1863–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Blair_Grigsby" title="Hugh Blair Grigsby">Hugh Blair Grigsby</a> (1871–1881)</li> <li>Vacant (1882–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bryan" title="John Stewart Bryan">John Stewart Bryan</a> (1942–1944)</li> <li>Vacant (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Darden" title="Colgate Darden">Colgate Darden</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li>Vacant (1948–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Duke_Chandler" title="Alvin Duke Chandler">Alvin Duke Chandler</a> (1962–1974)</li> <li>Vacant (1975–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Warren E. Burger</a> (1986–1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a> (1993–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a> (2005–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> (2012–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_20th_Century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Template:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Template talk:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_20th_Century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">Time 100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders & revolutionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_Man" title="Tank Man">Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & entertainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers_and_Oscar_Hammerstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein">Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Builders & titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bechtel_Sr." title="Stephen Bechtel Sr.">Stephen Bechtel Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Burnett" title="Leo Burnett">Leo Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carrier" title="Willis Carrier">Willis Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Giannini" title="Amadeo Giannini">Amadeo Giannini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kroc" title="Ray Kroc">Ray Kroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_(businesswoman)" title="Estée Lauder (businesswoman)">Estée Lauder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Levitt" title="William Levitt">William Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Merrill" title="Charles E. Merrill">Charles E. Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Rozelle" title="Pete Rozelle">Pete Rozelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Trippe" title="Juan Trippe">Juan Trippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Walton" title="Sam Walton">Sam Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Jr." title="Thomas J. Watson Jr.">Thomas J. Watson Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists & thinkers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard" title="Robert H. Goddard">Robert H. Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakey_family" title="Leakey family">Leakey family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heroes & icons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.I." title="G.I.">The American G.I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Lady Diana Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_W." title="Bill W.">Bill W.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/11px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/17px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/22px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/35px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li></ul></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121459353">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/102379347">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/2/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtXbpt9JGrXWcbvKbDXh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118756680">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50000017">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121412696">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121412696">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00476080">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV085508">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35580108">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701794&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1135648">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/126422">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070879133">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90145544">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000001121&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000032984&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=69465">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201418770">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtwcjz2nsw253">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810653786905606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268692605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058608028306706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14798574">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03683373?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/3eedd38b-f7ca-43d2-b635-adc4ad95371b">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1002609">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/xUmb6Tyk">UK Parliament</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118756680.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118756680">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027725316">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582549">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nm5gcj">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&oldid=1259934829">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&oldid=1259934829</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Category:Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1925_births" title="Category:1925 births">1925 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2013_deaths" title="Category:2013 deaths">2013 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Anglicans" title="Category:20th-century Anglicans">20th-century Anglicans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_chemists" title="Category:20th-century British chemists">20th-century British chemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_women_scientists" title="Category:20th-century British women scientists">20th-century British women scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_lawyers" title="Category:20th-century English lawyers">20th-century English lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_memoirists" title="Category:20th-century English memoirists">20th-century English memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_women_lawyers" title="Category:20th-century English women lawyers">20th-century English women lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_women_writers" title="Category:20th-century English women writers">20th-century English women writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Methodists" title="Category:20th-century Methodists">20th-century Methodists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom">20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_women_prime_ministers" title="Category:20th-century women prime ministers">20th-century women prime ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Anglicans" title="Category:21st-century Anglicans">21st-century Anglicans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_women_writers" title="Category:21st-century English women writers">21st-century English women writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Category:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford">Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_anti-communists" title="Category:British anti-communists">British anti-communists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_people_of_the_Falklands_War" title="Category:British people of the Falklands War">British people of the Falklands War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Category:British Secretaries of State for Education">British Secretaries of State for Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_women_memoirists" title="Category:British women memoirists">British women memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="Category:Chancellors of the College of William & Mary">Chancellors of the College of William & Mary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_(UK)_life_peers" title="Category:Conservative Party (UK) life peers">Conservative Party (UK) life peers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_(UK)_MPs_for_English_constituencies" title="Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies">Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Converts_to_Anglicanism_from_Methodism" title="Category:Converts to Anglicanism from Methodism">Converts to Anglicanism from Methodism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dames_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" title="Category:Dames of Justice of the Order of St John">Dames of Justice of the Order of St John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_bladder_cancer_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Deaths from bladder cancer in the United Kingdom">Deaths from bladder cancer in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_cancer_in_England" title="Category:Deaths from cancer in England">Deaths from cancer in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_dementia_in_England" title="Category:Deaths from dementia in England">Deaths from dementia in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_Anglicans" title="Category:English Anglicans">English Anglicans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_autobiographers" title="Category:English autobiographers">English autobiographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_barristers" title="Category:English barristers">English barristers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_chemists" title="Category:English chemists">English chemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_Methodists" title="Category:English Methodists">English Methodists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:English non-fiction writers">English non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:English people of Irish descent">English people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_women_chemists" title="Category:English women chemists">English women chemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Category:Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford">Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Institute_of_Chemistry" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Institute of Chemistry">Fellows of the Royal Institute of Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_(Statute_12)" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12)">Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_critics_of_feminism" title="Category:Female critics of feminism">Female critics of feminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Female fellows of the Royal Society">Female fellows of the Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_heads_of_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Female heads of government in the United Kingdom">Female heads of government in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_for_English_constituencies" title="Category:Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies">Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Heritage_Foundation" title="Category:The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ladies_Companion_of_the_Garter" title="Category:Ladies Companion of the Garter">Ladies Companion of the Garter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Category:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Category:Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Life_peeresses_created_by_Elizabeth_II" title="Category:Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II">Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Order_of_Merit" title="Category:Members of the Order of Merit">Members of the Order of Merit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_in_the_Macmillan_and_Douglas-Home_governments,_1957%E2%80%931964" title="Category:Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964">Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Children_people" title="Category:National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children people">National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_University_of_Buckingham" title="Category:People associated with the University of Buckingham">People associated with the University of Buckingham</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Kesteven_and_Grantham_Girls%27_School" title="Category:People educated at Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School">People educated at Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Grantham" title="Category:People from Grantham">People from Grantham</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Cold_War" title="Category:People of the Cold War">People of the Cold War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients" title="Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients">Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Category:Presidents of the European Council">Presidents of the European Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Oxford_University_Conservative_Association" title="Category:Presidents of the Oxford University Conservative Association">Presidents of the Oxford University Conservative Association</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_Freedom_Award" title="Category:Recipients of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award">Recipients of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Right-wing_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Right-wing politics in the United Kingdom">Right-wing politics in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Survivors_of_terrorist_attacks" title="Category:Survivors of terrorist attacks">Survivors of terrorist attacks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1959%E2%80%931964" title="Category:UK MPs 1959–1964">UK MPs 1959–1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1964%E2%80%931966" title="Category:UK MPs 1964–1966">UK MPs 1964–1966</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1966%E2%80%931970" title="Category:UK MPs 1966–1970">UK MPs 1966–1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1970%E2%80%931974" title="Category:UK MPs 1970–1974">UK MPs 1970–1974</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1974" title="Category:UK MPs 1974">UK MPs 1974</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1974%E2%80%931979" title="Category:UK MPs 1974–1979">UK MPs 1974–1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1979%E2%80%931983" title="Category:UK MPs 1979–1983">UK MPs 1979–1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1983%E2%80%931987" title="Category:UK MPs 1983–1987">UK MPs 1983–1987</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1987%E2%80%931992" title="Category:UK MPs 1987–1992">UK MPs 1987–1992</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wesleyan_Methodists" title="Category:Wesleyan Methodists">Wesleyan Methodists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wives_of_baronets" title="Category:Wives of baronets">Wives of baronets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_opposition_leaders" title="Category:Women opposition leaders">Women opposition leaders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_prime_ministers_in_Europe" title="Category:Women prime ministers in Europe">Women prime ministers in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_firsts" title="Category:Women's firsts">Women's firsts</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism" title="Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism">Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2024">Use dmy dates from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use British English from July 2024">Use British English from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from October 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_timeline_metadata" title="Category:Pages with timeline metadata">Pages with timeline metadata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_mismatch" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch">Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Internet_Archive_links" title="Category:Articles with Internet Archive links">Articles with Internet Archive links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LibriVox_links" title="Category:Articles with LibriVox links">Articles with LibriVox links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guardian_topic_template_using_Wikidata" title="Category:Guardian topic template using Wikidata">Guardian topic template using Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Portrait_Gallery_(London)_person_ID_same_as_Wikidata" title="Category:National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata">National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 22:09 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Thatcher&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-t8hlw","wgBackendResponseTime":234,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.999","walltime":"6.786","ppvisitednodes":{"value":98869,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1751985,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":364184,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":50,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1590346,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 5763.031 1 -total"," 25.99% 1497.711 2 Template:Reflist"," 24.84% 1431.405 4 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 13.95% 803.735 68 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 11.09% 639.153 159 Template:Cite_news"," 10.91% 628.843 176 Template:Sfnp"," 8.37% 482.121 2 Template:Navboxes"," 6.56% 377.816 82 Template:Cite_book"," 5.30% 305.562 74 Template:Cite_web"," 4.24% 244.626 6 Template:Multiple_image"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.282","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":34374147,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdeneyLloyd1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgar2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgar2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAitken2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllardyce2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnwar2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssinder2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtkinson1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarker1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarkham2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarr2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrell1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckett2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckett2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBern1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillington2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlack2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlitz2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlundell2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlundell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBootle2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoult2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBourke2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowcott2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBurns2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnsCowell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButlerKavanagh1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2011a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2011b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCannadine2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCannon1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastle1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChilds2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChilton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCochrane1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCormac2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCosgrave1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowburn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowleyBailey2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrewe1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenmanMcDonald1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDinwoodie2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorril2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDougill1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisner1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnglish2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeigenbaumHenigHamnett1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilby2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilby2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFloudJohnson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGamble2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardinerThompson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGavrilov1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGayRees2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGelb1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlass1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGloverEconomides2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrice2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGörtemaker2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHannan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanning2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarnden2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarper1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrabin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHastingsJenkins1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeard2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeffer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHickman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ.C.2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackling2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacksonSaunders2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJellinek1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJellinekRoberts1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJournals_of_the_House_of_Lords2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKampfner2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKay2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKealey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerker1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKettle2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhabaz2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimbern.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirby2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuper2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLahey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanoueHeadrick1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawson1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaybourn1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLecher2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeighEvans2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLejeune1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipsey1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLow2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackay1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacpherson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMance2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAleese2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcSmithChuGarner2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillership1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchellRussell1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoloney2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarwan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaughton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeville2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Grady2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Sullivan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgden1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrth1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOulton1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerMartin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPassell1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPimlott1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlaut2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurvis2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPylas2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuittner1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRatti2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReitan2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRevzin1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiddell1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiddell1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRidley1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRos-Lehtinen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothbard1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowthornWells1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRunciman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussellSparrow2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandbrook2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandersWardMarsh1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandford2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott-Smith2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeldon2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeldonCollings2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSenden2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeward2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheehy1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherwin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkedCook1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoames1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStacey2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinberg2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStothard2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwaine2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwinford2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTempest2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTewdwr-Jones2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThatcher1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThatcher1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThatcher1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThatcher2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornton2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorpe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTisdall2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravis2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuohy1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuohy1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUngoed-Thomas1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Reenen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVeljanovski1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVinen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWapshott2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitney1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitney1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittakerWaiteCulliford2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilenius2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWintour2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitte2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodward1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYahuda1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoungn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZemcovFarrar1989\"] = 1,\n [\"Milk_Snatcher\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"--)\"] = 3,\n [\"1975 Conservative Party leadership election\"] = 1,\n [\"1979 United Kingdom general election\"] = 1,\n [\"1981 Hunger Strike\"] = 1,\n [\"1983 United Kingdom general election\"] = 1,\n [\"1987 United Kingdom general election\"] = 1,\n [\"1989 Conservative Party leadership election\"] = 1,\n [\"1990 Conservative Party leadership election\"] = 1,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Awards\"] = 4,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"Br separated entries\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite Hansard\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite ODNB\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 82,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 159,\n [\"Cite newspaper The Times\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 73,\n [\"Cite wikisource\"] = 1,\n [\"Closed access\"] = 1,\n [\"Cold War\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsed infobox section begin\"] = 3,\n [\"Collapsed infobox section end\"] = 3,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"College of William \u0026 Mary chancellors\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 3,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Thatcher, Margaret\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Em\"] = 2,\n [\"External media\"] = 4,\n [\"FRS 1983\"] = 1,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 57,\n [\"Guardian topic\"] = 1,\n [\"HMS\"] = 1,\n [\"Hansard-contribs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 9,\n [\"Heath Ministry\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 4,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"Interp\"] = 6,\n [\"Italics correction\"] = 2,\n [\"Lcfirst:W]e're\"] = 1,\n [\"Leaders of the Opposition UK\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources about\"] = 1,\n [\"Librivox author\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen voice\"] = 1,\n [\"London Gazette\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 7,\n [\"Margaret Thatcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Margaret Thatcher sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Margaret Thatcher/datatable\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 6,\n [\"NPG name\"] = 1,\n [\"National Heritage List for England\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nee\"] = 1,\n [\"New York Times topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Official website\"] = 2,\n [\"Open Plaques\"] = 1,\n [\"Overflow\"] = 1,\n [\"P.\"] = 1,\n [\"Pad\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlink\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Poemquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Post-nominals\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Pre-nominal styles\"] = 1,\n [\"Presidents of the European Council\"] = 1,\n [\"Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom\"] = 1,\n [\"Pslink\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 2,\n [\"R\"] = 45,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 14,\n [\"Retrieved\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aca\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ach\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 12,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 12,\n [\"S-break\"] = 2,\n [\"S-dip\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 14,\n [\"Secretaries of State for Education\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 6,\n [\"Sfnmp\"] = 22,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 176,\n [\"Ship\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 2,\n [\"Sp\"] = 12,\n [\"Start date\"] = 2,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Text\"] = 2,\n [\"Thatcher Ministry\"] = 1,\n [\"Thatcherism\"] = 1,\n [\"Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century\"] = 1,\n [\"Timeline-event\"] = 2,\n [\"Title case\"] = 1,\n [\"UK Conservative Party\"] = 1,\n [\"UK National Archives ID\"] = 1,\n [\"Ucfirst:i]f\"] = 1,\n [\"Ucfirst:i]t\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikitable\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikt-lang\"] = 2,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","720","18.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","480","12.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","360","9.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","320","8.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","240","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","200","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","4.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","2.6"],["[others]","1000","26.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-jjgw4","timestamp":"20241128083432","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Margaret Thatcher","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Margaret_Thatcher","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7416","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7416","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-04T10:50:30Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T22:09:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3d\/Margaret_Thatcher_stock_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"British stateswoman and prime minister (1925\u20132013)"}</script> </body> </html>