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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-亚原子粒子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚原子粒子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>亚原子粒子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亚原子粒子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-标准模型理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#标准模型理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>标准模型理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-标准模型理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-实验粒子物理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#实验粒子物理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>实验粒子物理學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-实验粒子物理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理论粒子物理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理论粒子物理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>理论粒子物理學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理论粒子物理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-还原论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#还原论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>还原论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-还原论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公共政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公共政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>公共政策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公共政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-展望" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#展望"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>展望</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-展望-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">粒子物理學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。86种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deeltjiefisika" title="Deeltjiefisika – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Deeltjiefisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teilchenphysik" title="Teilchenphysik – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Teilchenphysik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فيزياء الجسيمات – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء الجسيمات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Física de partícules – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física de partícules" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C9%99cikl%C9%99r_fizikas%C4%B1" title="Hissəciklər fizikası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hissəciklər fizikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86" title="Фізіка элементарных часціц – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізіка элементарных часціц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Физика на елементарните частици – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физика на елементарните частици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="कण भौतिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कण भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কণা পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কণা পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizika elementarnih čestica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Física de partícules – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física de partícules" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika_%C4%8D%C3%A1stic" title="Fyzika částic – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzika částic" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Элементарлă пĕрчĕсен физики – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементарлă пĕрчĕсен физики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffiseg_gronynnau" title="Ffiseg gronynnau – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffiseg gronynnau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikelfysik" title="Partikelfysik – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Partikelfysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teilchenphysik" title="Teilchenphysik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teilchenphysik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Σωματιδιακή φυσική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σωματιδιακή φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Particle physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikla_fiziko" title="Partikla fiziko – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partikla fiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física de partículas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakestef%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Osakestefüüsika – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osakestefüüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikulen_fisika" title="Partikulen fisika – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Partikulen fisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فیزیک ذرات – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک ذرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiukkasfysiikka" title="Hiukkasfysiikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiukkasfysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudinid%C3%B5_f%C3%BC%C3%BCsiga" title="Pudinidõ füüsiga – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pudinidõ füüsiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique_des_particules" title="Physique des particules – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique des particules" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisic_na_gC%C3%A1ithn%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Fisic na gCáithníní – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisic na gCáithníní" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik_di_s%C3%A9_partikil" title="Fizik di sé partikil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fizik di sé partikil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física de partículas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פיזיקת חלקיקים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקת חלקיקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="कण भौतिकी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कण भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizika elementarnih čestica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9szecskefizika" title="Részecskefizika – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Részecskefizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Տարրական մասնիկների ֆիզիկա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարրական մասնիկների ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica_de_particulas" title="Physica de particulas – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physica de particulas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika partikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96reindafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Öreindafræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Öreindafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica_delle_particelle" title="Fisica delle particelle – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica delle particelle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="素粒子物理学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="素粒子物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paatikl_fizix" title="Paatikl fizix – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Paatikl fizix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ელემენტარული ნაწილაკების ფიზიკა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელემენტარული ნაწილაკების ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8A%C3%B1%C9%A9t%C9%A9%C9%A9%C9%A9_pe_t%C9%9B_tomna%C9%A3_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Ŋñɩtɩɩɩ pe tɛ tomnaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ŋñɩtɩɩɩ pe tɛ tomnaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕಣ ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಣ ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="입자물리학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="입자물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEka_par%C3%A7ikan" title="Fizîka parçikan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîka parçikan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica_particularum_elementarium" title="Physica particularum elementarium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physica particularum elementarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daleli%C5%B3_fizika" title="Dalelių fizika – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dalelių fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element%C4%81rda%C4%BCi%C5%86u_fizika" title="Elementārdaļiņu fizika – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elementārdaļiņu fizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Тӱҥлык пырче физике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тӱҥлык пырче физике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Честична физика – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Честична физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="കണികാഭൗതികം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കണികാഭൗതികം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मूलकण भौतिकशास्त्र – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मूलकण भौतिकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik_zarah" title="Fizik zarah – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fizik zarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="အမှုန်ရူပဗေဒ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမှုန်ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deeltjesfysica" title="Deeltjesfysica – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Deeltjesfysica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikkelfysikk" title="Partikkelfysikk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Partikkelfysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikkelfysikk" title="Partikkelfysikk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Partikkelfysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica_dei_particulas" title="Fisica dei particulas – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisica dei particulas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਣ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਣ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka_cz%C4%85stek_elementarnych" title="Fizyka cząstek elementarnych – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka cząstek elementarnych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="د ذراتو فزیک – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ذراتو فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física de partículas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizica_particulelor_elementare" title="Fizica particulelor elementare – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizica particulelor elementare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Физика элементарных частиц – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика элементарных частиц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairticle_pheesics" title="Pairticle pheesics – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pairticle pheesics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizika elementarnih čestica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="අංශු භෞතික විද්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අංශු භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Particle physics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika_%C4%8Dast%C3%ADc" title="Fyzika častíc – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzika častíc" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_osnovnih_delcev" title="Fizika osnovnih delcev – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizika osnovnih delcev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fizika elementarnih čestica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisika partikel" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikelfysik" title="Partikelfysik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Partikelfysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="துகள் இயற்பியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துகள் இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కణ భౌతికశాస్త్రం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కణ భౌతికశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="ฟิสิกส์ของอนุภาค – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์ของอนุภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisikang_pampartikula" title="Pisikang pampartikula – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisikang pampartikula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k_fizi%C4%9Fi" title="Parçacık fiziği – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parçacık fiziği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Фізика елементарних частинок – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізика елементарних частинок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ذراتی طبیعیات – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ذراتی طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACzega_de_%C5%82e_parteze%C5%82e" title="Fìzega de łe partezełe – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fìzega de łe partezełe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Vật lý hạt – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý hạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika_han_partikulo" title="Pisika han partikulo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pisika han partikulo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="粒子物理学 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="粒子物理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Particle_physics" title="I-Particle physics – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Particle 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg/360px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg/480px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" usemap="#ImageMap_ec293446f11b6eb9" resource="/wiki/File:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_ec293446f11b6eb9"><area href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="17,48,59,89" alt="上夸克" title="上夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="60,48,102,89" alt="粲夸克" title="粲夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="104,48,145,89" alt="顶夸克" title="顶夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="149,48,190,89" alt="胶子" title="胶子" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="194,48,235,89" alt="希格斯玻色子" title="希格斯玻色子" /><area href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="17,91,59,132" alt="下夸克" title="下夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="60,91,102,132" alt="奇夸克" title="奇夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="104,91,145,132" alt="底夸克" title="底夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="149,91,190,132" alt="光子" title="光子" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="17,137,59,178" alt="电子" title="电子" /><area href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="60,137,102,178" alt="Μ子" title="Μ子" /><area href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="104,137,145,178" alt="Τ子" title="Τ子" /><area href="/wiki/Z%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="149,137,190,178" alt="Z玻色子" title="Z玻色子" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="17,180,59,221" alt="电中微子" title="电中微子" /><area href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="60,180,102,221" alt="Μ中微子" title="Μ中微子" /><area href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="104,180,145,221" alt="Τ中微子" title="Τ中微子" /><area href="/wiki/W%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="149,180,190,221" alt="W玻色子" title="W玻色子" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" shape="rect" coords="16,8,224,19" alt="标准模型" title="标准模型" /><area href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="17,24,145,38" alt="费米子" title="费米子" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="149,24,235,38" alt="玻色子" title="玻色子" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" shape="rect" coords="6,93,14,133" alt="夸克" title="夸克" /><area href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="6,176,12,219" alt="輕子" title="輕子" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="227,92,233,172" alt="标量玻色子" title="标量玻色子" /><area href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="196,143,202,219" alt="规范玻色子" title="规范玻色子" /><area href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_boson" shape="rect" coords="205,165,209,219" alt="en:Vector boson" title="en:Vector boson" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">背景</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="量子場論">量子場論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="規範場論">規範場論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%B4%E7%BC%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="自發對稱性破缺">自發對稱性破缺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="希格斯机制">希格斯机制</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">組成</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BC%B1%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="電弱交互作用">電弱相互作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子色動力學">量子色動力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%9A-%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97-%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="卡比博-小林-益川矩阵">CKM矩陣</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">組成</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7CP%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="強CP問題">強CP問題</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="階層問題（页面不存在）">階層問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%8C%AF%E8%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="中微子振蕩">中微子振蕩</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">理論家</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·費曼">費曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%93%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="默里·蓋爾曼">蓋爾曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%82%E7%94%B0%E6%98%8C%E4%B8%80" title="坂田昌一">坂田昌一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%82%96" class="mw-redirect" title="謝爾登·格拉肖">格拉肖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%8C%A8%E5%A8%81%E6%A0%BC" title="喬治·茨威格">茨威格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E" title="南部阳一郎">南部陽一郎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%9A" title="尼古拉·卡比博">卡比博</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="史蒂文·温伯格">溫伯格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%94%BF%E9%81%93" title="李政道">李政道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="阿卜杜勒·薩拉姆">薩拉姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="小林诚">小林誠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9D%E6%95%8F%E8%8B%B1" title="益川敏英">益川敏英</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%8C%AF%E5%AE%81" title="杨振宁">杨振宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E5%B7%9D%E7%A7%80%E6%A0%91" title="汤川秀树">汤川秀树</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9" title="杰拉德·特·胡夫特">特·胡夫特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="馬丁紐斯·韋爾特曼">韋爾特曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A8%84%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·格娄斯">格婁斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E7%AD%96" title="休·波利策">波利策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗克·韦尔切克">韋爾切克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E8%82%87%E4%B8%AD" title="丁肇中">丁肇中</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="彼得·希格斯">希格斯</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Template:標準模型"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Template talk:標準模型"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:標準模型"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>粒子物理学</b>是研究组成<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="射线">射线</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>以及它们之间相互作用的一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a>分支。由于许多基本粒子在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="大自然">大自然</a>的一般条件下不存在或不单独出现，物理学家只有使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>在高能相撞的条件下才能生产和研究它们，因此粒子物理学也被称为<b>高能物理学</b>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="亚原子粒子"><span id=".E4.BA.9A.E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E7.B2.92.E5.AD.90"></span>亚原子粒子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：亚原子粒子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg/300px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg/450px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg/600px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">标准模型</a>中的粒子内容。</figcaption></figure> <p>现代粒子物理學的研究集中在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="亚原子粒子">亚原子粒子</a>上。这些粒子的结构比<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>要小，其中包括原子的组成部分如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>（质子和中子本身又是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>所组成的粒子）和放射和散射所造成的粒子如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="中微子">中微子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="緲子">緲子</a>，以及许多其它奇特的粒子。 </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:1em; background:#FFF;"> <caption>基础粒子 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3_(%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="代 (粒子物理學)">类型</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3_(%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="代 (粒子物理學)">世代</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="反物质">反物质</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%8D%B7" title="色荷">色</a> </th> <th scope="col">总数 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#DAF;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" align="center">2 </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">3 </td> <td align="center">成对 </td> <td align="center">3 </td> <td align="center">36 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#AF7;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="轻子">轻子</a> </th> <td align="center">成对 </td> <td align="center">无 </td> <td align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#F97;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="胶子">胶子</a> </th> <td rowspan="5" align="center">1 </td> <td rowspan="5" align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">自身 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%AD%90#八種膠子" class="mw-redirect" title="胶子">8</a> </td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#F97;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a> </th> <td align="center">自身 </td> <td align="center" rowspan="4">无 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#F97;"><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">Z玻色子</a> </th> <td align="center">自身 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#F97;"><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">W玻色子</a> </th> <td align="center">成对 </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:#FE7;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">希格斯玻色子</a> </th> <td align="center">自身 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" align="right" scope="col">总共(已知)的基础粒子: </th> <td align="center"><b>61</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>严格地说“<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="粒子">粒子</a>”这个称呼不精确，粒子物理学中研究的所有的物体都遵守<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>的规则，它们都显示<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B2%92%E4%BA%8C%E8%B1%A1%E6%80%A7" title="波粒二象性">波粒二象性</a>，根据不同的实验条件它们显示粒子的特性或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波">波</a>的特性。在物理理论中，它们既非粒子也非波，理论学家用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="希尔伯特空间">希尔伯特空间</a>中的状态向量来描写它们，详细的理论基础為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a>。但按照<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="粒子物理学">粒子物理学</a>的常规在这篇文章中这些物体依然被称为“粒子”，虽然这些粒子也具有波的特性。 </p><p>今天所知的所有基本粒子都可以用一个叫做粒子物理<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">标准模型</a>的量子场论来描写。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">标准模型</a>是目前粒子物理學中最好的理论，它包含37种<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>，这些基本粒子相互结合可以形成更加复杂的粒子。从1960年代以来实验物理学家已经发现和观察到了上百种<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">复合粒子</a>了。标准模型理论几乎与至今为止观察到的所有的实验数据相符合。虽然如此，大多数粒子物理學家相信标准模型理论依然是一个不完善的理论，而一个更加基本的理论尚有待发现。最近发现的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="中微子">中微子</a>静质量不为零是第一个与<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">标准模型</a>出现偏差的实验观测。<sup id="cite_ref-Capozzi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capozzi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mertens_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mertens-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PDG_mass_sum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG_mass_sum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2#粒子物理学" title="物理学史">物理学史 § 粒子物理学</a></div> <p>前6世纪<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>的哲学家就提出<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>是由基本粒子组成的猜测。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="流西普斯">流西普斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%B0%9F%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="德谟克里特斯">德谟克里特斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E9%B3%A9%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="伊比鳩魯">伊比鸠鲁</a>是“原子论”的代表人物。17世纪时<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="艾萨克·牛顿">艾萨克·牛顿</a>也有过物质是由粒子组成的想法。1802年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·道尔顿">约翰·道尔顿</a>正式提出所有物质是由原子组成的理论。 </p><p>1869年<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="季米特里·门捷列夫">季米特里·门捷列夫</a>发表的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>加深了原子论的设想。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="约瑟夫·汤姆孙">约瑟夫·汤姆孙</a>发现了原子中存在带有负电荷、质量非常小的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>，认为原子是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>和被束缚的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>组成的。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福">欧内斯特·卢瑟福</a>证明质子集中在非常紧密的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>中。1932年英国物理学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="查德威克">查德威克</a>发现了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>，至此，人们认识到原子核是由质子和中子组成的，电子在原子核外运动。 </p><p>20世纪<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子物理学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="量子物理学">量子物理学</a>的研究导致了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="裂变">裂变</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="聚变">聚变</a>的发现和实验成功。人类能够将一个元素的原子转换成另一个元素的原子。 </p><p>1950年代和60年代中许多新的粒子被发现，它们被统称为“粒子动物园”。直到1970年代粒子物理的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">标准模型</a>建立，将大多数这些粒子看作是少数<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">复合粒子</a>后这个混乱才减轻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="标准模型理论"><span id=".E6.A0.87.E5.87.86.E6.A8.A1.E5.9E.8B.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>标准模型理论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：标准模型理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="标准模型">标准模型</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0" title="標準模型的數學表述">標準模型的數學表述</a></div> <p>目前描写基本粒子的最成功的理论是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="标准模型理论">标准模型理论</a>，它使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="规范玻色子">规范玻色子</a>来描写<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用">强相互作用</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="弱相互作用">弱相互作用</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="电磁相互作用">电磁相互作用</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>、<a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">W及Z玻色子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="胶子">胶子</a>都属于<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="规范玻色子">规范玻色子</a>。标准模型包含了24种<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a>(12种基本粒子与对应之反粒子)，这些组成了现有的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-pdg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最后这个理论还预言了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">希格斯玻色子</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="彼得·希格斯">彼得·希格斯</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="弗朗索瓦·恩格勒">弗朗索瓦·恩格勒</a>爾後荣获2013年诺贝尔物理学奖。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="实验粒子物理學"><span id=".E5.AE.9E.E9.AA.8C.E7.B2.92.E5.AD.90.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.AD.B8"></span>实验粒子物理學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：实验粒子物理學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>实验粒子物理学通常借由大量产生对撞物理事件，进而分析物理现象。早于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲核子研究组织">CERN</a>中期（1980年代），此领域便需要集结大量不同国籍之研究员，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF%E7%BD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="全球资讯网">全球资讯网</a>便是为了因应研究员沟通之便利而诞生。因为需要处理大量数据，如今此领域之研究发展也与电脑科学息息相关。由于各个高能实验经费正节节高升，以求更高能量、更高亮度或是更高的时空解析度(对于时间和空间的最小辨识力)，通常经费来自于政府，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="大型強子對撞機">大型强子对撞机</a>已成为经费最高之高能物理实验。因为严重排挤了政府其他项目之预算，高昂经费之高能物理实验往后可能渐渐减少。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>大的实验粒子物理學国际合作有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲核子研究組織">歐洲核子研究組織</a>：位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>边境<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E7%93%A6" title="日内瓦">日内瓦</a>附近，其主要仪器如下： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E6%AD%A3%E8%B4%9F%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%92%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="大型正负电子对撞机">大型正负电子对撞机</a>（2001年停用，现已拆除）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="超级质子同步加速器">超级质子同步加速器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="大型強子對撞機">大型強子對撞機</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="德國電子加速器">德国电子加速器</a>：位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1" title="汉堡">汉堡</a>，其主要设备是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%8E%AF%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="强子电子环设备（页面不存在）">强子电子环设备</a>（HERA），可用电子和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="正电子">正电子</a>与质子相撞。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="SLAC國家加速器實驗室">SLAC国家加速器实验室</a>：位于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%BF%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="帕洛阿圖">帕洛阿图</a>附近，其主要设备是PEP-II，用来碰撞电子和正电子。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="费米国立加速器实验室">费米国立加速器实验室</a>：位于美国<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5" title="芝加哥">芝加哥</a>附近，其主要设备是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%86%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="兆電子伏特加速器">兆電子伏特加速器</a>（Tevatron），碰撞质子与反质子。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E9%BB%91%E6%96%87%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="布鲁克黑文国家实验室">布鲁克黑文国家实验室</a>：位于美国<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="长岛">长岛</a>，其主要设备是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E6%80%A7%E9%87%8D%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="相對論性重離子對撞機">相對論性重離子對撞機</a>，用来使<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="重离子">重离子</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>离子与质子相撞。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布德克核子物理研究所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布德克核子物理研究所（页面不存在）">布德克核子物理研究所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budker_Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics" class="extiw" title="en:Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics</span></a></span>）</span></span>（BINP）：位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="新西伯利亚">新西伯利亚</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="超级神冈探测器">超级神冈探测器</a>: 1998年，超级神冈探测器的领导者、日本科学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9F%B4%E6%98%8C%E4%BF%8A" title="小柴昌俊">小柴昌俊</a>发表了测量结果，给出<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%8C%AF%E8%8D%A1" title="中微子振荡">中微子振荡</a>的首个确切证据<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，认为中微子在三种不同“味”之间是可以相互转换的，这也表明<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="中微子">中微子</a>是有质量的，而不是粒子物理标准模型中预言的零质量粒子。2002年，超级神冈探测器证实反应堆中产生的中微子发生了振荡。这个探测结果在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="中微子天文学">中微子天文学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="粒子物理学">粒子物理学</a>中具有里程碑式的意义，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9F%B4%E6%98%8C%E4%BF%8A" title="小柴昌俊">小柴昌俊</a>因此获得2002年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="高能加速器研究機構">高能加速器研究機構</a>：位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%91%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="筑波">筑波</a>，拥有一个测试<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">微中子</a>振盪的<a href="/w/index.php?title=K2K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K2K（页面不存在）">K2K</a>和测试<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子">正反</a>B介子违反<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E7%A8%B1" title="宇稱">宇稱</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E6%80%A7_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="对称性 (物理学)">守恆性</a>的<a href="/wiki/Belle%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle實驗">Belle實驗</a>。如今(2018年底)SuperKEK加速器(预期亮度为旧型<a href="/wiki/Belle%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle實驗">Belle实验</a>KEK电子正子加速器之40倍)正在进行建造与测试，Belle II实验相关侦测器与软体也正在开发，以接收日后大量的物理事件数据。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%BE%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="大亚湾核反应堆中微子实验">大亚湾核反应堆中微子实验</a>：位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%BE%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" title="大亚湾核电站">大亚湾核电站</a>北侧，主要物理目标是利用核反应堆产生的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="反中微子">反中微子</a>来测量中微子<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混合角（页面不存在）">混合角</a><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \theta _{13}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \theta _{13}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d25ee21e36f253041f0e9f5472d12d4cb81ef248" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.967ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \theta _{13}}"></span>，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dayawane.ihep.ac.cn/chinese/">该项目</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210322132132/http://dayawane.ihep.ac.cn/chinese/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%91%E9%99%A2%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中科院高能物理研究所">中科院高能物理研究所</a>主持。</li></ul> <p>此外世界各地还有许多其它<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>，比如中国大陆的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%AD%A3%E8%B4%9F%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%B9%E6%92%9E%E6%9C%BA" title="北京正负电子对撞机">北京正负电子对撞机</a>與台灣<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%92%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="新竹科學工業園區">新竹科學工業園區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="國家同步輻射研究中心">國家同步輻射研究中心</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理论粒子物理學"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA.E7.B2.92.E5.AD.90.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.AD.B8"></span>理论粒子物理學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：理论粒子物理學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>理论粒子物理學试图描述自然界的一切交互作用，研究能解释今天实验结果並能预言未来实验结果的模型、理论构架和数学工具。今天在这方面有许多不同的努力。 </p><p>一个重要的工作点是更好地理解标准模型理论和其实验结果，从试验中获得更精确的参数，这个工作点测试标准模型理论的极限来扩大我们对自然的理解。这个工作最大的困难在于<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%89%B2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="量子色动力学">量子色动力学</a>中对多个物体计算时的困难。一些理论家将他们的精力集中在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" title="有效場論">有效场论</a>。 </p><p>另一个重要的工作点是建立超出标准模型理论的模型。由于今天的实验数据还不够，这个工作非常困难。新的理论结构有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0" title="超对称">超对称</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%AE%E6%A1%91%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阮桑模型（页面不存在）">阮桑模型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AD%90" title="前子">前子</a>理论等等。 </p><p>第三个重要的工作点是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="弦理论">弦理论</a>，其目的在于建立一种基于微小弦与膜而不是基于粒子的理论来统一描述量子力学和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="广义相对论">广义相对论</a>。如果这一理论取得成功，可以被看作一种“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="万有理论">万有理论</a>”。 </p><p>此外还有一些其它的理论工作如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="迴圈量子引力理論">迴圈量子引力理論</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="还原论"><span id=".E8.BF.98.E5.8E.9F.E8.AE.BA"></span>还原论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：还原论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>还原论是将世界上的事物的解释简化到一些基础的理论的哲学观点。在粒子物理學这个观点是提出一个可以解释世界上的一切的一种最基础的物理理论，或者用一个比较大众化的语言来说，来寻找一个概括宇宙一切的公式。 </p><p>但在粒子物理學的发展过程中也一直有人批评这种极端的还原论。这些批评者中有粒子物理學家、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>家、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a>家、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体物理学</a>家和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="整体论">整体论</a>者。他们并不向标准模型理论本身挑战，但他们认为基本粒子的特性并不一定也是它们所组成的原子、分子或更大的结构的特性，尤其是它们并不能表达很多粒子组成的系统的特性。基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="混沌理论">混沌理论</a>，一些批评者认为即使物理学家完全认识基本粒子的所有的特性的话，人们以此不能完全理解所有的自然的过程；另一些批评者怀疑人们能够完全理解基本粒子的特性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="公共政策"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.85.B1.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96"></span>公共政策</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：公共政策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>粒子物理學的实验结果需要使用巨大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>才能取得。这些加速器非常昂贵（往往需要上十亿美元）因此需要大量政府资助。因此粒子物理學的研究也关系到公共政策的决定。 </p><p>许多人认为花这么多的钱不值得，而且粒子物理學消耗了许多可以用到更重要的研究和教育方面的钱。20世纪80年代，在美国德克萨斯州开始建造一台<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="超導超大型加速器">超级超导对撞机</a>，这是个宏伟的计划，费用高达80亿美元，美国国会为此花掉了20亿美元，在建成一条22公里的隧道后取消了这项工程。许多科学家（包括超導超大型加速器的支持者和反对者）相信这个决定的原因之一是因为<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a>结束后美国没有必要花这么多钱在这方面与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>竞争了。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外许多反对者怀疑单一国家是否还有能力运行如此昂贵的对撞机。 </p><p>粒子物理學的支持者认为为最基本的理论值得花这么多钱，这些钱对科学的其它方面也有好处。例如加速器與其副產品<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="同步輻射">同步輻射</a>在生物與醫學上的應用，以及最早由<a href="/wiki/CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="CERN">CERN</a>研究員所創立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a>。他们指出今天所有的加速器都是国际合作建立和运行的，他们怀疑取消制造加速器所节省下来的預算仍会使用在其它科学和教育的方面上。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="展望"><span id=".E5.B1.95.E6.9C.9B"></span>展望</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：展望"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/40px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/60px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/80px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此部分<b>需要更新</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年5月24日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請更新本文以反映近況和新增内容。完成修改後請移除本模板。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>世界各地的粒子物理學家对粒子物理學近期和中期最重要的目标的见解是一致的。近期的目标是于2007年完成<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="大型強子對撞機">大型强子對撞機</a>并用它来寻找<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">希格斯玻色子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="超对称粒子">超对称粒子</a>。中期的目标是建造<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%9B%B4%E7%BA%BF%E5%AF%B9%E6%92%9E%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际直线对撞机（页面不存在）">国际直线对撞机</a>（<span lang="en">International Linear Collider, ILC</span>）。这个对撞机的技术实现方法已于2004年8月决定，但其地址还没有决定。国际直线对撞机与大型强子对撞机是互相补充的实验设备，大型强子对撞机更适合用来寻找新的粒子，而国际直线对撞机则更适合用来精确地测量这些粒子的特性。 </p><p>粒子物理學的其它重要目标包括测量<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">微中子</a>的静质量和澄清<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>的双重<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Β衰变">β衰变</a>是否存在。这些實驗不一定需要使用对撞机。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist 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class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-08</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%8F%8A%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6-%E9%AB%98%E7%AB%AF%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95-%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E9%92%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shiyanjia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shiyanjia.com%2Fknowledge%2Farticleinfo-1094.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div 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href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子分子与光物理学">原子分子與光物理學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="等离子体物理学">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A7%82%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="介观物理学">介观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学">声学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="几何光学">几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性光学">非线性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="核天体物理学">核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="恒星物理学">恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体粒子物理学">天体粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="空间物理学">空间</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生命科学中的物理学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业物理学">农业物理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="醫學物理">醫學物理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="激光医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="激光医学（页面不存在）">激光医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Laser medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="核医学">核医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">醫學影像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理物理学">心理物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性物理学">非线性物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟物理學">经济物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">云</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="物理海洋学">物理海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="量子信息科学">量子信息科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="物理教育">物理教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:物理学">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Physics">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:物理学">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="粒子物理學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Template:粒子"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Template talk:粒子"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:粒子"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="粒子物理學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">粒子物理學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="夸克" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">u</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">u</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">d</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">c</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克">s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">s</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">t</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90" title="輕子">輕子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">e<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="正電子">e<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%AD%90" title="Τ子">τ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%CF%84%E5%AD%90" title="反τ子">τ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="电中微子">ν<sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%9B%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="反電中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子">ν<sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子">ν<sub>τ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>τ</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="标量玻色子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="标量玻色子">标量玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="规范玻色子">规范玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="膠子">g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">W<sup>±</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">Z<sup>0</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="强子">强子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Δ粒子">Δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="反質子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">p</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="反中子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">n</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90" title="超子">超子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Λ粒子">Λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Σ粒子">Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ξ粒子">Ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ω粒子">Ω</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Π介子">π</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="K介子">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ρ介子">ρ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ω介子">ω</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J/%CF%88%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="J/ψ介子">J/ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Υ介子">ϒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="D介子">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="B介子">B</a></li> <li>未发现介子 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Θ介子（页面不存在）">θ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T介子（页面不存在）">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">夸克偶素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="超原子">超原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇異原子</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">电子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="緲子偶素">緲子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="真緲子偶素">真緲子偶素</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子偶素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Onium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子偶素（页面不存在）">介子偶素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onium" class="extiw" title="en:Onium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Onium</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="K介子原子">介子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超子原子（页面不存在）">超子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%AB" title="反氫">反氫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子核（页面不存在）">介子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8" title="超核">超核</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%91%B3%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重味超核（页面不存在）">重味超核</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="超對稱粒子">超對稱粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="超規範子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%AD%90" title="超規範子">超規範子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="超膠子">超膠子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="重力微子">超引力子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超光子（页面不存在）">超光子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%8D%B7%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超荷子（页面不存在）">超荷子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%90" title="超中性子">超中性子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>其他</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超希格斯粒子（页面不存在）">超希格斯粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="超費米子">超費米子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="超軸子">超軸子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超胀子（页面不存在）">超胀子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%90" title="任意子">任意子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90" title="胀子">胀子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%AD%90" title="加速子">加速子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%AD%90" title="快子">快子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="軸子">A<sup>0</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%90" title="引力子">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">Y</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="W'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W'（页面不存在）">W'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z'（页面不存在）">Z'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="普朗克粒子">普朗克粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="马约拉纳费米子">马约拉纳粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8D%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB-%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB%E9%AC%BC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="法捷耶夫-波波夫鬼粒子">鬼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%90" title="斯格明子">斯格明子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="惰性中微子">惰性中微子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="大质量弱相互作用粒子">大质量弱相互作用粒子（WIMP）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="奇異強子">奇異強子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="奇異重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="奇異重子">奇異重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" title="五夸克態">五夸克態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="七夸克态">七夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="R-重子">R-重子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="奇異介子">奇異介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="四夸克态">四夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="六夸克态">六夸克态</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" title="雙重子態">雙重子態</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%90%83" title="膠球">膠球</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E6%9D%82%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混杂态（页面不存在）">混杂态</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子分子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesonic molecule"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子分子（页面不存在）">介子分子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesonic_molecule" class="extiw" title="en:Mesonic molecule"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesonic molecule</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A1%E5%AF%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坡密子（页面不存在）">坡密子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇数子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="odderon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇数子（页面不存在）">奇数子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/odderon" class="extiw" title="en:odderon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">odderon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双夸克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diquark"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双夸克（页面不存在）">双夸克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diquark" class="extiw" title="en:Diquark"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diquark</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="準粒子">準粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="達維多夫孤子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Davydov soliton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%A4%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達維多夫孤子（页面不存在）">達維多夫孤子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davydov_soliton" class="extiw" title="en:Davydov soliton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Davydov soliton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="量子滴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dropleton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量子滴（页面不存在）">量子滴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropleton" class="extiw" title="en:Dropleton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dropleton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%AD%90" title="激子">激子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%B4" title="空穴">空穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%8C%AF%E5%AD%90" title="磁振子">磁振子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%90" title="声子">聲子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">磁单极子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF%E5%AD%90" title="電漿子">電漿子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%90" title="電磁極化子">電磁極化子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90" title="極子">極子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旋子_(准粒子)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋子 (准粒子)（页面不存在）">旋子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton" class="extiw" title="en:Roton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子列表">粒子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇异原子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="准粒子列表">准粒子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="介子列表">介子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="重子列表">重子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" 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