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mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palma" title="Rafael Palma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rafael Palma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Palma" title="Raphael Palma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Raphael Palma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7" title="رافاييل بالما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رافاييل بالما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palma" title="Rafael Palma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rafael Palma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palma" title="Rafael Palma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rafael Palma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palma" title="Rafael Palma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rafael Palma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Palma</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Velásquez</i>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Filipino writer, educator, and politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Rafael Palma</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg/220px-Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg/330px-Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg/440px-Rafael_Palma_y_Velasquez_circa_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Palma in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1915</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the University of the Philippines">President of the University of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1925–1933</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Potter_Benton" title="Guy Potter Benton">Guy Potter Benton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jorge Bocobo</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senator_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines%27s_4th_senatorial_district" title="Philippines's 4th senatorial district">4th Senatorial District</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 16, 1916 – June 6, 1922<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Guevara" title="Pedro Guevara">Pedro Guevara</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Post created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Tr%C3%ADa_Tirona" title="Emiliano Tría Tirona">Emiliano Tría Tirona</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 11, 1917 – July 7, 1920<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Burton_Harrison" title="Francis Burton Harrison">Francis Burton Harrison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winfred_Thaxter_Denison" title="Winfred Thaxter Denison">Winfred Thaxter Denison</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Francis_Burton_Harrison" title="Francis Burton Harrison">Francis Burton Harrison</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Kalaw" title="Teodoro Kalaw">Teodoro Kalaw</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Taft_Commission" title="Taft Commission">Second Philippine Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 6, 1908 – October 16, 1916</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Smith" title="James Francis Smith">James Francis Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Assembly" title="Philippine Assembly">Philippine Assembly</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Cavite's at-large congressional district">Cavite</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 16, 1907 – July 1, 1908</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Post created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Emiliano Tría Tirona</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Rafael Palma y Velásquez</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1874-10-24</span>)</span>October 24, 1874<br /><a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo, Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 24, 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-05-24)</span> (aged 64)<br /><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Philippine Commonwealth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Carolina Ocampo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rafael Palma y Velásquez</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[rafaˈel<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpalma]</a></span>: October 24, 1874  –  May 24, 1939) was a <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> politician, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">Rizalian</a>, writer, educator and a famous <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a>. He was a senator from 1916 to 1921 and was the fourth president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Palma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palma was born in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> on October 24, 1874, to <a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)"><i>Don</i></a> Hermógenes Palma, a clerk at the <a href="/wiki/Aduana_Building" title="Aduana Building"><i>Intendencia</i> Office</a>, and Hilaria Velásquez. His younger brother was the soldier-poet <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Palma" title="José Palma">José Palma</a>, the author of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Spanish</a> poem <i>Filipinas</i>, which is, along with its subsequent translations, used in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine National Anthem">Philippine National Anthem</a>. </p><p>In 1885, he began his studies at the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila</a> and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1892, he began his law studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>. While enrolled in the university, he was employed in the Office of the Bureau of Lands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also a reporter in <i>La Independencia</i>, the first Filipino daily newspaper, founded and directed by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a>. When Luna died in 1899, Palma assumed the paper's editorship. Aside from <i>La Independencia</i>, he was also involved in other papers, writing for <i>La Patria</i>, among others; and co-founding, along with <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaime_C._de_Veyra" title="Jaime C. de Veyra">Jaime de Veyra</a>, <i>El Nuevo Día</i>, the first daily newspaper in <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1901, he passed the bar examinations. That same year, he founded the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/El_Renacimiento" title="El Renacimiento">El Renacimiento</a>,</i> which was first published on September 3. He married Carolina Ocampo in February 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the newspaper work in 1903 and practiced law while also teaching at the <i>Escuela de Derecho.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He started politics when he became a member and secretary of the Association of Peace. In the <a href="/wiki/1907_Philippine_Assembly_elections" title="1907 Philippine Assembly elections">1907 Philippine Assembly elections</a>, he ran and subsequently won as an assemblyman representing the province of <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>. On July 6, 1908, Governor-General <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Smith" title="James Francis Smith">James A. Smith</a> appointed him as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Taft_Commission" title="Taft Commission">second Philippine Commission</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the youngest member to serve up to 1916. In the <a href="/wiki/1916_Philippine_Senate_elections" title="1916 Philippine Senate elections">1916 Philippine Senate elections</a>, he was elected as a senator, representing the <a href="/wiki/Philippines%27s_4th_senatorial_district" title="Philippines's 4th senatorial district">4th district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1916, he was appointed by Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Francis_Burton_Harrison" title="Francis Burton Harrison">Francis B. Harrison</a>, through Executive Order No. 64, as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior</a> and served until his resignation in July 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1925, he was inaugurated as the fourth president of the University of the Philippines. He served as UP president up until 1933 when he resigned due to the <a href="/wiki/Hare%E2%80%93Hawes%E2%80%93Cutting_Act" title="Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act">Hare-Hawes-Cutting bill</a> controversy wherein then-Senate president <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel Quezon</a> threatened to cut the university's appropriations due to Palma's championing of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then again ran for senator but lost to Juan Sumulong. In 1934, Palma was elected to the <a href="/wiki/1934_Philippine_Constitutional_Convention_election" title="1934 Philippine Constitutional Convention election">1934 Constitutional Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later years of his life, Palma was appointed by President Quezon as chairman of the National Board of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held that position until his death in Manila on May 24, 1939, at the age of 64. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Palma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Palma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Pride of the Malay Race</i>, the English translation by Justice Román Ozaeta of Palma's biography of Filipino national hero <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>.</li> <li><i>The Woman and the Right to Vote</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The New Mentality</i>, 1929.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_named_after_him">Places named after him</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Palma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Places named after him"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barangay Rafael Palma, <a href="/wiki/Diffun" title="Diffun">Diffun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a></li> <li>The building presently occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Department of Justice</a> and first named as University Hall was also previously named Palma Hall. A historical marker on the life of Rafael Palma is located on its ground floor.</li> <li>Palma Hall, which houses the <a href="/wiki/UP_College_of_Social_Sciences_and_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="UP College of Social Sciences and Philosophy">College of Social Sciences and Philosophy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>–<a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines,_Diliman" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines, Diliman">Diliman</a>, was named after him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bohol" title="University of Bohol">University of Bohol</a>, a private school in <a href="/wiki/Tagbilaran" title="Tagbilaran">Tagbilaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a>, was named the Rafael Palma College in 1946 until it was given its present name.</li> <li>Palma Bridge, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Ba%C3%B1os" title="University of the Philippines Los Baños">University of the Philippines Los Baños</a></li> <li>There are many other schools in the country that are named after Rafael Palma, such as Rafael Palma Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> and Rafael Palma Elementary School along Zobel Roxas Street (under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> but geographically located in <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Palma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/MASTERLIST-OF-CABSECS-AND-DEPTS-v1.pdf">"MASTERLIST OF CABINET SECRETARIES/MINISTERS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Gazette+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=MASTERLIST+OF+CABINET+SECRETARIES%2FMINISTERS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fdownloads%2FMASTERLIST-OF-CABSECS-AND-DEPTS-v1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/rafael_palma.htm">"Rafael Palma"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate of the Philippines</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=Rafael+Palma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov.ph%2Fsenators%2Fformer_senators%2Frafael_palma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philippinediaryproject.com/about-the-philippine-diary-project/about-the-diaries/about-rafael-palma/">"About Rafael Palma"</a>. <i>The Philippine Diary Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Diary+Project&rft.atitle=About+Rafael+Palma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilippinediaryproject.com%2Fabout-the-philippine-diary-project%2Fabout-the-diaries%2Fabout-rafael-palma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5AYSAAAAYAAJ"><i>War Department Annual Reports, 1908</i></a>. Vol. VII. Washington, D. C.: <a href="/wiki/Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Printing Office">Government Printing Office</a>. 1909. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Department+Annual+Reports%2C+1908&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5AYSAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/OG01/1916/sep/27/datejpg1.htm"><i>Official Gazette</i></a>. Vol. XIV. 1916. p. 1843.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Gazette&rft.pages=1843&rft.date=1916&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnlpdl.nlp.gov.ph%2FOG01%2F1916%2Fsep%2F27%2Fdatejpg1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100145143">"Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands, Together with Reports of the Heads of the Departments of the Philippine Government, for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 1920"</a>. <i>Vols. For 1927-1935 Have Title:annual Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands</i>. 1924-1935: House document / ... Congress ... Session, House of Representatives. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Printing Office">Government Printing Office</a>: 19. 1923.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vols.+For+1927-1935+Have+Title%3Aannual+Report+of+the+Governor+General+of+the+Philippine+Islands&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+Governor+General+of+the+Philippine+Islands%2C+Together+with+Reports+of+the+Heads+of+the+Departments+of+the+Philippine+Government%2C+for+the+Fiscal+Year+Ended+December+31%2C+1920&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F100145143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grandlodge.ph/about/past-grand-masters/mw-rafael-palma">"MW Rafael Palma"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Worshipful_Grand_Lodge_of_Free_and_Accepted_Masons_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines">The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Most+Worshipful+Grand+Lodge+of+Free+and+Accepted+Masons+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=MW+Rafael+Palma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrandlodge.ph%2Fabout%2Fpast-grand-masters%2Fmw-rafael-palma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/p#a32184">"Project Gutenberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Gutenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fbrowse%2Fauthors%2Fp%23a32184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARafael+Palma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Palma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/32184">Works by Rafael Palma</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.glphils.org/kinship/palma.htm">http://www.glphils.org/kinship/palma.htm</a></li></ul> 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:University of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:University of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_the_Philippines_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">University of the Philippines System</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;"><div> <ul><li>Shaping minds that shape the nation</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">Constituent universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">UP Diliman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Baguio" title="University of the Philippines Baguio">UP Baguio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Cebu" title="University of the Philippines Cebu">UP Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Ba%C3%B1os" title="University of the Philippines Los Baños">UP Los Baños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Manila" title="University of the Philippines Manila">UP Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Mindanao" title="University of the Philippines Mindanao">UP Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Open_University" title="University of the Philippines Open University">UP Open University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Tacloban" title="University of the Philippines Tacloban">UP Tacloban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Visayas" title="University of the Philippines Visayas">UP Visayas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">Satellite units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_the_Philippines_Cebu_South_Road_Properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of the Philippines Cebu South Road Properties (page does not exist)">UP South Road Properties</a> (Cebu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_the_Philippines_Bonifacio_Global_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of the Philippines Bonifacio Global City (page does not exist)">UP Bonifacio Global City</a> (Diliman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman_Extension_Program_in_Olongapo" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines Diliman Extension Program in Olongapo">UP Extension Program in Olongapo</a> (Diliman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman_Extension_Program_in_Pampanga" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga">UP Extension Program in Pampanga</a> (Diliman)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_the_Philippines_Manila_-_School_of_Health_Sciences_in_Baler,_Aurora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of the Philippines Manila - School of Health Sciences in Baler, Aurora (page does not exist)">UP School of Health Sciences, Aurora</a> (Manila)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_the_Philippines_Manila_-_School_of_Health_Sciences_in_South_Cotabato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of the Philippines Manila - School of Health Sciences in South Cotabato (page does not exist)">UP School of Health Sciences, Koronadal City</a> (Manila)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Manila_School_of_Health_Sciences_in_Leyte" title="University of the Philippines Manila School of Health Sciences in Leyte">UP School of Health Sciences, Leyte</a> (Manila)</li> <li>UP School of Health Sciences, Tarlac (Manila)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">Basic education units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>UP High School Cebu (Cebu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_High_School_in_Iloilo" title="University of the Philippines High School in Iloilo">UP High School in Iloilo</a> (Visayas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Integrated_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines Integrated School">UP Integrated School</a> (Diliman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Rural_High_School" title="University of the Philippines Rural High School">UP Rural High School</a> (Bay, Laguna)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Science_Institute" title="Marine Science Institute">Marine Science Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Transportation_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center for Transportation Studies (page does not exist)">National Center for Transportation Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UP_National_College_of_Public_Administration_and_Governance" title="UP National College of Public Administration and Governance">National College of Public Administration and Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPLB_National_Crop_Protection_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UPLB National Crop Protection Center (page does not exist)">National Crop Protection Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Science_and_Mathematics_Education_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development">National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Science" title="University of the Philippines College of Science">National Institute of Geological Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="National Institutes of Health (Philippines)">National Institutes of Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Molecular_Biology_and_Biotechnology" title="National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology">National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Physics" title="National Institute of Physics">National Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Engineering_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Engineering Center (page does not exist)">National Engineering Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Genome_Center" title="Philippine Genome Center">Philippine Genome Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentro_ng_Wikang_Filipino" title="Sentro ng Wikang Filipino">Sentro ng Wikang Filipino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">International (hosted)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEAMEO_Regional_Center_for_Educational_Innovation_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEAMEO Regional Center for Educational Innovation and Technology (page does not exist)">SEAMEO Regional Center for Educational Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEAMEO_Tropical_Medicine_and_Public_Health_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEAMEO Tropical Medicine and Public Health Network (page does not exist)">SEAMEO Tropical Medicine and Public Health Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Regional_Center_for_Graduate_Study_and_Research_in_Agriculture" title="Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture">Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DZUP" title="DZUP">DZUP Radio Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_the_Philippines_people" title="List of University of the Philippines people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblation_(statue)" title="Oblation (statue)">Oblation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oblation_Run" title="Oblation Run">Oblation Run</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.P.%E2%80%93Ayala_Land_TechnoHub" title="U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub">U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_University_of_the_Philippines%E2%80%93Department_of_National_Defense_accord" title="1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord">UP–DND accord</a></li> <li>UP Centennial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_Admission_Test" title="University of the Philippines College Admission Test">UP College Admission Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UP_Fighting_Maroons" title="UP Fighting Maroons">UP Fighting Maroons</a></li> <li>"<i><a href="/wiki/U.P._Naming_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="U.P. Naming Mahal">UP Naming Mahal</a></i>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.P._Town_Center" title="U.P. Town Center">UP Town Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#7B1113; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #014421, inset -2px -2px 0 #014421;"><div><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the University of the Philippines"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">UP President</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines#Board_of_Regents" title="University of the Philippines"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">UP Board of Regents</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines_from_Cavite" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cavite_House_Representatives" title="Template:Cavite House Representatives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cavite_House_Representatives" title="Template talk:Cavite House Representatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cavite_House_Representatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cavite House Representatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines_from_Cavite" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Cavite</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guerrero</li> <li>Nazareno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaridel_Abaya" title="Plaridel Abaya">P. Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Abaya" title="Jun Abaya">J. Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Gerald_Abaya" title="Francis Gerald Abaya">F. Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolo_Revilla" title="Jolo Revilla">Revilla III</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dragon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayong_Maliksi" title="Ayong Maliksi">Maliksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Remulla" title="Gilbert Remulla">G. Remulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Barzaga_Jr." title="Elpidio Barzaga Jr.">Barzaga Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lani_Mercado" title="Lani Mercado">Mercado-Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_Revilla" title="Strike Revilla">S. Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lani_Mercado" title="Lani Mercado">Mercado-Revilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuñez</li> <li>Unas</li> <li>Beratio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Crispin_Remulla" title="Jesus Crispin Remulla">J. C. Remulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayong_Maliksi" title="Ayong Maliksi">Maliksi</a></li> <li>A. Advincula</li> <li>A.J. Advincula</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Barzaga_Jr." title="Elpidio Barzaga Jr.">Barzaga Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Barzaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Barzaga">Austria-Barzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Barzaga_Jr." title="Elpidio Barzaga Jr.">Barzaga Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>R. Loyola</li> <li>D. Loyola</li> <li>R. Loyola</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ferrer" title="Antonio Ferrer">A. Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Ferrer_IV" title="Luis Ferrer IV">Ferrer IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ferrer" title="Antonio Ferrer">A. Ferrer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Crispin_Remulla" title="Jesus Crispin Remulla">J. C. Remulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Tolentino" title="Abraham Tolentino">A. Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Crispin_Remulla" title="Jesus Crispin Remulla">J. C. Remulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Diego_Remulla" title="Crispin Diego Remulla">C. D. Remulla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cavite%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Cavite's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Tolentino" title="Abraham Tolentino">A. Tolentino</a></li> <li>A. B. Tolentino</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Cavite#Historical_districts" title="Legislative districts of Cavite">At-large<br />(defunct)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1898-1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>de las Alas</li> <li>Basa</li> <li>Ilagan</li> <li>Salamanca</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1907-1935</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palma</a></li> <li>Tirona</li> <li>Joya</li> <li>Tirona</li> <li>E. Virata</li> <li>Espiritu</li> <li>Reyes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antero_Soriano" title="Antero Soriano">Soriano</a></li> <li>Ibañez</li> <li>Tirona</li> <li>Arca</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1935-1941</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justiniano_Montano" title="Justiniano Montano">Montano</a></li> <li>Rojas</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1943-1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Encarnación</li> <li>Tirona</li> <li>L. Ferrer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945-1946</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justiniano_Montano" title="Justiniano Montano">Montano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1946-1972</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justiniano_Montano" title="Justiniano Montano">Montano</a></li> <li>Rojas</li> <li>Cajulis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justiniano_Montano" title="Justiniano Montano">Montano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984–1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Benitez" title="Helena Benitez">Benitez</a></li> <li>Dragon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">C. Virata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2789851#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2789851#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2789851#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083431922">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42216487">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/191245/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxrT7rvG63qkrMmhw63Qq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1055222766">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85347304">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX958229">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p161981143">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/234819">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278185705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1088524">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1055222766">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084131772">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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