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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Republican Army</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierse_Republikeinse_Le%C3%ABr" title="Ierse Republikeinse Leër – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ierse Republikeinse Leër" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الجيش الجمهوري الأيرلندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجيش الجمهوري الأيرلندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercito_Republicano_Irland%C3%A9s" title="Exercito Republicano Irlandés – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Exercito Republicano Irlandés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlandiya_Respublika%C3%A7%C4%B1_Ordusu" title="İrlandiya Respublikaçı Ordusu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İrlandiya Respublikaçı Ordusu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ірландская рэспубліканская армія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірландская рэспубліканская армія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska_republikanska_armija" title="Irska republikanska armija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Irska republikanska armija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Irish Republican Army" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_Republic%C3%A0_Irland%C3%A8s" title="Exèrcit Republicà Irlandès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exèrcit Republicà Irlandès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsk%C3%A1_republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_arm%C3%A1da" title="Irská republikánská armáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irská republikánská armáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_der_Irisch-Republikanischen_Armee" title="Geschichte der Irisch-Republikanischen Armee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte der Irisch-Republikanischen Armee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iiri_Vabariiklik_Armee" title="Iiri Vabariiklik Armee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iiri Vabariiklik Armee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ιρλανδικός Δημοκρατικός Στρατός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιρλανδικός Δημοκρατικός Στρατός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA_(Irlando)" title="IRA (Irlando) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="IRA (Irlando)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandako_Armada_Errepublikazalea" title="Irlandako Armada Errepublikazalea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irlandako Armada Errepublikazalea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B2%DB%B2%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B9)" title="ارتش جمهوری‌خواه ایرلند (۱۹۲۲–۱۹۱۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارتش جمهوری‌خواه ایرلند (۱۹۲۲–۱۹۱۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9publicaine_irlandaise" title="Armée républicaine irlandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Armée républicaine irlandaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iersk_Republikeinsk_Leger" title="Iersk Republikeinsk Leger – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Iersk Republikeinsk Leger" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_Phoblacht_na_h%C3%89ireann_(AP%C3%89)" title="Arm Phoblacht na hÉireann (APÉ) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arm Phoblacht na hÉireann (APÉ)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irish Republican Army" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%B0" title="아일랜드 공화국군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아일랜드 공화국군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Իռլանդիայի հանրապետական բանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իռլանդիայի հանրապետական բանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="आयरिश रिपब्लिकन आर्मी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयरिश रिपब्लिकन आर्मी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandana_Republikala_Armeo" title="Irlandana Republikala Armeo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Irlandana Republikala Armeo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentara_Republikan_Irlandia" title="Tentara Republikan Irlandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tentara Republikan Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drski_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldisherinn" title="Írski lýðveldisherinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Írski lýðveldisherinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Irish Republican Army" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הצבא האירי הרפובליקני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הצבא האירי הרפובליקני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercitus_Republicanus_Hibernicus" title="Exercitus Republicanus Hibernicus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Exercitus Republicanus Hibernicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ирска републиканска армија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ирска републиканска армија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="الجيش الجمهورى الايرلندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجيش الجمهورى الايرلندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Republikan_Ireland" title="Tentera Republikan Ireland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera Republikan Ireland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Ирландын бүгд найрамдах арми – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ирландын бүгд найрамдах арми" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="အိုင်းရစ်ပြည်ထောင်စုတပ်မတော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်းရစ်ပြည်ထောင်စုတပ်မတော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E8%BB%8D" title="アイルランド共和軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイルランド共和軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_Republicana_Irlandesa" title="Armada Republicana Irlandesa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Armada Republicana Irlandesa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandzka_Armia_Republika%C5%84ska" title="Irlandzka Armia Republikańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Irlandzka Armia Republikańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_Republicano_Irland%C3%AAs" title="Exército Republicano Irlandês – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exército Republicano Irlandês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armata_Republican%C4%83_Irlandez%C4%83" title="Armata Republicană Irlandeză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armata Republicană Irlandeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландская республиканская армия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирландская республиканская армия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Irish Republican Army" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Irish Republican Army" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushtria_Republikane_Irlandeze" title="Ushtria Republikane Irlandeze – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ushtria Republikane Irlandeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Irish Republican Army" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drska_republik%C3%A1nska_arm%C3%A1da" title="Írska republikánska armáda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Írska republikánska armáda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ирска републиканска армија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ирска републиканска армија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRA" title="IRA – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IRA" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlannin_tasavaltalaisarmeija" title="Irlannin tasavaltalaisarmeija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irlannin tasavaltalaisarmeija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irl%C3%A4ndska_republikanska_arm%C3%A9n" title="Irländska republikanska armén – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irländska republikanska armén" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="กองทัพสาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองทัพสาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda_Cumhuriyet_Ordusu" title="İrlanda Cumhuriyet Ordusu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İrlanda Cumhuriyet Ordusu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ірландська республіканська армія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірландська республіканська армія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E8%BB%8D" title="愛爾蘭共和軍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛爾蘭共和軍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%86%9B" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The IRA" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/IRA_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="IRA (disambiguation)">IRA (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Irish Republican Army (disambiguation)">Irish Republican Army (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Irish_Army" title="Irish Army">Irish Army</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif/220px-Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif/330px-Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif/440px-Hogan%27s_Flying_Column.gif 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flying_column" title="Flying column">Flying Column</a> No. 2 of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Tipperary_Brigade" title="3rd Tipperary Brigade">3rd Tipperary Brigade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Old IRA</a>, photographed during the early 1920s. All organisations calling themselves "Irish Republican Army" claim legitimate descent (sometimes compared to <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a>) from this IRA of 1919–22.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Irish Republican Army</b> (<b>IRA</b>) is a name used by various <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance</a> organisations in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a> through <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a>, the belief that all of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> should be an independent republic free from British colonial rule.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)</a>, often now referred to as the "old IRA", was raised in 1917 from members of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a> later reinforced by Irishmen formerly in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, who returned to Ireland to fight against Britain in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>. In Irish law,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this IRA was the army of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_republic" title="Revolutionary republic">revolutionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a> as declared by its parliament, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Republic)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)">Dáil Éireann</a>, in 1919. </p><p>In the century that followed, the original IRA was reorganized, changed and split on multiple occasions, to such a degree that many subsequent paramilitary organisations have been known by that title – most notably the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a>, which was a key participant during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a> in the north of Ireland. The contemporary IRA organisations each claim the sole right to the name, each insisting they are the original IRA's only legitimate descendant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_the_IRAs">Overview of the IRAs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Republican_Army&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview of the IRAs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The playwright and former IRA member <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Behan" title="Brendan Behan">Brendan Behan</a> once said that the first issue on any Irish organisation's agenda was "the split".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the IRA, that has often been the case. The first split came after the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> in 1921, with supporters of the Treaty forming the nucleus of the <a href="/wiki/National_Army_(Ireland)" title="National Army (Ireland)">National Army</a> of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, while the anti-treaty forces continued to use the name <i>Irish Republican Army</i>. After the end of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a> (1922–23), the IRA was around in one form or another<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="You can help -- (February 2022)">definition needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for forty years, when it split into the <a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a> in 1969. The latter then had its own breakaways, namely the <a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a>, each claiming to be the true successor of the Army of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a>. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)</a>, known as the "Old IRA", in later years, was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/First_D%C3%A1il" title="First Dáil">First Dáil</a> as the legitimate army of the Irish Republic in April 1921 due to the fact that it had fought in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>. On ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> by the Dáil, it split into pro-Treaty forces, the National Army, also known as the "Government forces" or the "Regulars",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anti-Treaty forces, "Republicans", "Irregulars" or "Executive forces" after the Treaty. These two forces went on to fight the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)</a>, the anti-treaty IRA which fought and lost the civil war and thereafter refused to recognize either the Irish Free State or <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, deemed both of them to be the creations of British <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It existed in one form or another<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="You can help -- (February 2022)">definition needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for over 40 years before it split in 1969.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a> (OIRA), the remainder of the IRA after the 1969 split from the Provisionals, was primarily <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> in its political orientation. It is now inactive, while its political wing, Official Sinn Féin, became the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Workers' Party (Ireland)</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a> (PIRA) broke from the OIRA in 1969 due to <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionism</a> and differing views on how to deal with the increasing violence in Northern Ireland. Although it opposed the OIRA's Marxism, it came to develop a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> orientation and it also increased its political activity.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a> (CIRA) broke from the PIRA in 1986, because the latter ended its policy on <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionism</a> (thus recognizing the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a> (RIRA), a 1997 breakaway from the PIRA consisting of members opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a>.</li> <li>In April 2011, former members of the Provisional IRA announced a resumption of hostilities, and that "they had now taken on the mantle of the mainstream IRA". They further claimed; "We continue to do so under the name of the Irish Republican Army. We are the IRA" and insisted that they "were entirely separate from the Real IRA, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93glaigh_na_h%C3%89ireann_(Real_IRA_splinter_group)" title="Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)">Óglaigh na hÉireann</a> (ONH) and the Continuity IRA". They claimed responsibility for the April assassination of <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">PSNI</a> constable <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ronan_Kerr" title="Murder of Ronan Kerr">Ronan Kerr</a> as well as responsibility for other attacks that had previously been claimed by the Real IRA and ONH.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army" title="New Irish Republican Army">New IRA</a>, which was formed as a merger between the Real IRA and other republican groups in 2012 (see <a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genealogy_of_the_IRA_and_its_splits">Genealogy of the IRA and its splits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Republican_Army&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genealogy of the IRA and its splits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Irish Republican Army">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg/220px-IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg/330px-IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg/440px-IRA_a_chronology_201904011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>A chronology of the various groups to use the IRA name, as well as several affiliate organisations.</figcaption></figure> <p>The IRA and its splinter groups include: </p> <ul><li><b>Original IRA (the "old IRA")</b> – fought in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence 1919–1921</a> <ul><li>That part of the <b>IRA</b> that accepted the compromise of the 1921 treaty which established the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> and that became the initial Free State government. The pro-treaty faction of <b>Sinn Féin</b> led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a> shortly thereafter formed itself into the <b><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a></b> party under <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a>. With additional recruits, its military supporters became the <b><a href="/wiki/National_Army_(Ireland)" title="National Army (Ireland)">National Army</a></b>, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Irish Defence Forces</a>. Cumann na nGaedheal merged with other groups in 1933 to form <b><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael Party</a></b>, currently the third largest party in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>.</li> <li>That part of the <b>original IRA</b> organised within <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> not included within the Free State (see below).</li> <li>That part of the <b>IRA</b>, organised within the twenty-six counties that became the Free State, which rejected the compromise of the 1921 treaty with Britain. Under <a href="/wiki/Liam_Lynch_(Irish_republican)" title="Liam Lynch (Irish republican)">Liam Lynch</a>, it fought the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a> against the Free State's National Army (led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>), with the support of the anti-treaty faction of <b>Sinn Féin</b> led by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Some years after losing the Civil War a faction led by de Valera resigned from <b><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></b> and established the <b><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></b> party in 1926, which is among the largest parties in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>.</li> <li>In the 1930s, the remainder of the IRA, including that part of the <b>Old IRA</b> organised within Northern Ireland, attempted a <a href="/wiki/S-Plan" title="S-Plan">bombing campaign in Britain</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">campaign in Northern Ireland</a> (after a change in leadership to the north) and <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Raid" title="Christmas Raid">some military activities</a> in the Free State (later the Republic of Ireland). After a period of poor relations, the symbiotic relationship between Sinn Féin and the IRA was re-established in the late 1930s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li>By the 1960s, after the failed <a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">border campaign</a>, Sinn Féin moved towards a <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class struggle</a> outlook. With the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a>, Sinn Féin, or as it came to be called after the formation of the Provisional IRA and Provisional Sinn Féin, <b><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Official Sinn Féin</a></b>, found itself sidelined because of its decision not to engage the British state militarily. Over time the Official IRA faded away, while Official Sinn Féin moved to a purely Marxist position, renaming itself first <b>Sinn Féin the Workers Party</b>, and then in 1982 the <b><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Workers' Party</a></b>. <ul><li>After the Official IRA's 1972 ceasefire, it and Official Sinn Féin suffered a split in 1974 leading to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far left</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a></b> (INLA) and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Costello" title="Seamus Costello">Seamus Costello</a> (later assassinated by the Official IRA during a bloody feud). The INLA was known for a series of internal feuds and some of the more sectarian killings by <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalists</a>. <ul><li>In 1986, the <b><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></b> split from the INLA.</li></ul></li> <li>In 1992, the Workers' Party suffered a split when a majority faction failed to secure changes. They left and formed the <b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Left (Ireland)">Democratic Left</a></b>. Ultimately, the Democratic Left merged into the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>In 1969, the more traditionalist republican members split off into the <b><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></b>. The Provisional IRA operated mostly in Northern Ireland, using violence against the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, and British institutions and economic targets. They also killed members of the Irish Army and the <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Garda Síochána</a> (the Republic's police force), which was against one of their <a href="/wiki/General_order" title="General order">standing orders</a>. <ul><li>A further split occurred in 1986 when the former leader of Sinn Féin <a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a> – who was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> in 1983 – walked out of the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis after delegates voted to end the policy of <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionism</a> from <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>. The followers of Ó Brádaigh, who adhere to <a href="/wiki/Irish_republican_legitimism" title="Irish republican legitimism">republican legitimatism</a> and oppose Sinn Féin's decision to abandon abstentionism, set up a rival party and military wing called <b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></b> and the <b><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></b>. <ul><li>In 2006, the <b><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Liberation_Army" title="Irish Republican Liberation Army">Irish Republican Liberation Army</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army#Internal_tension_and_splits" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Óglaigh na hÉireann</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army#Internal_tension_and_splits" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Saoirse na hÉireann</a></b> split from the Continuity IRA.</li></ul></li> <li>In 1997, Members of the Provisional IRA who did not accept the peace process split off to form the <b><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a></b>. Its political wing is the <b><a href="/wiki/32_County_Sovereignty_Movement" title="32 County Sovereignty Movement">32 County Sovereignty Movement</a></b>. <ul><li>In 2009, <b><a href="/wiki/%C3%93glaigh_na_h%C3%89ireann_(Real_IRA_splinter_group)" title="Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)">Óglaigh na hÉireann</a></b> split from the Real IRA. <ul><li>In 2012, the Real IRA merged with other republican groups including the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Republican Action Against Drugs">Republican Action Against Drugs</a> (RAAD) to form the <b><a href="/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army" title="New Irish Republican Army">New IRA</a></b>.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>In 2011, according to the <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a>, former members of the Provisional IRA announced a resumption of hostilities under the name "Irish Republican Army".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Republican_Army&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">List of designated terrorist groups</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Republican_Army&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ansionnachfionn.com/2014/09/27/the-origins-of-the-name-irish-republican-army-or-ira/">"Origins of the IRA name"</a>. <i>An Sionnach Fionn Blog</i>. 27 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710044747/http://ansionnachfionn.com/2014/09/27/the-origins-of-the-name-irish-republican-army-or-ira/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=An+Sionnach+Fionn+Blog&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+IRA+name&rft.date=2014-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fansionnachfionn.com%2F2014%2F09%2F27%2Fthe-origins-of-the-name-irish-republican-army-or-ira%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Republican+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawlor, Sheila. <i>Britain and Ireland, 1914–23</i>. Gill and Macmillan, 1983. p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2005/0228/1109422091207.html">"Primates' creative ambiguity averts schism"</a>. <i>The IrisTimes</i>. 2 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013004116/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2005/0228/1109422091207.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+IrisTimes&rft.atitle=Primates%27+creative+ambiguity+averts+schism&rft.date=2005-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fireland%2F2005%2F0228%2F1109422091207.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Republican+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2020" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, Gemma (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-historical-studies/article/abs/violence-against-women-in-the-irish-civil-war-19223-genderbased-harm-in-global-perspective/DCD4C7FC70A0D9266B0B573F19A1C60F">"Violence against women in the Irish Civil War, 1922–3: gender-based harm in global perspective"</a>. <i>Irish Historical Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (165): 75–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fihs.2020.6">10.1017/ihs.2020.6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-1214">0021-1214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Violence+against+women+in+the+Irish+Civil+War%2C+1922%E2%80%933%3A+gender-based+harm+in+global+perspective&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=165&rft.pages=75-90&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fihs.2020.6&rft.issn=0021-1214&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Firish-historical-studies%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fviolence-against-women-in-the-irish-civil-war-19223-genderbased-harm-in-global-perspective%2FDCD4C7FC70A0D9266B0B573F19A1C60F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Republican+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuzanne_Breen2011" class="citation news cs1">Suzanne Breen (22 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/former-provos-claim-kerr-murder-and-vow-more-attacks-15146426.html">"Former Provos claim Kerr murder and vow more attacks"</a>. <i>Belfast Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426010813/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/former-provos-claim-kerr-murder-and-vow-more-attacks-15146426.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Former+Provos+claim+Kerr+murder+and+vow+more+attacks&rft.date=2011-04-22&rft.au=Suzanne+Breen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-national%2Fnorthern-ireland%2Fformer-provos-claim-kerr-murder-and-vow-more-attacks-15146426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Republican+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Irish-Republican-Army">"Irish Republican Army (IRA) | Irish military organization"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005015701/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Irish-Republican-Army">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Irish+Republican+Army+%28IRA%29+%7C+Irish+military+organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FIrish-Republican-Army&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Republican+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Republican_Army&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bell, J. Bower, The Secret Army. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1560009012" title="Special:BookSources/1560009012">1560009012</a>.</li> <li>Cronin, Sean, <i>The Ideology of the IRA</i> (Ann Arbor 1972)</li> <li>Hart, Peter, <i>IRA at War 1916–1923</i> (Oxford 2003)</li> <li>Hart, P, <i>The IRA and its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork 1916–1923</i> (Oxford 1998)</li> <li>Joy, Sinead, <i>The IRA in Kerry 1916–1921</i> (Cork 2005)</li> <li>Liebknecht, Karl, <i>Militarism and Anti-Militarism</i> (1907); an English translation (Cambridge 1973).</li> <li>Martin, F.X., (ed.) <i>Irish Volunteers 1914–1915. Recollections and Documents</i> (Dublin 1963)</li> <li>O'Ruairc, Padraig Og, <i>Blood on the Banner: The Republican Struggle in Clare 1913–1923</i> (Cork 2009)</li> <li>Ryan, Meda, <i>Tom Barry: IRA Freedom Fighter</i> (Cork 2005)</li> <li>Townshend, Charles, 'The Irish Republican Army and the Development of Guerrilla Warfare 1916–21', <i>English Historical Review</i> 94 (1971), pp. 318–345.</li> <li>W?, <i>With the IRA in the Fight For Freedom</i> (London 1968)</li> <li>Nolan, Cillian, <i>The IRA True History 1922–1969</i> (Kerry 1985)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrigg2023" class="citation book cs1">Trigg, Jonathan (2023). <i>Death in the Fields: The IRA and East Tyrone</i>. Ireland: Merrion Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+in+the+Fields%3A+The+IRA+and+East+Tyrone&rft.place=Ireland&rft.pub=Merrion+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Trigg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Republican+Army" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style> <div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DAB_list_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Disambiguation icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/30px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/45px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/60px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><div class="dmbox-body"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Index of articles associated with the same name</div> This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Set_index_articles" title="Wikipedia:Set index articles">set index article</a> includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). <br /> <span style="font-size: 88%;">If an <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Irish_Republican_Army&namespace=0">internal link</a> incorrectly 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000089111022">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129760787">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2038353-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80063026">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11876960x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11876960x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35196384">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Irish Republican Army"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2004228364&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263017905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058612466506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/860671">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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