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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1958 novel by Hugh MacLennan. For the 2011 novel by Allan Wolf, see <a href="/wiki/The_Watch_That_Ends_the_Night_(Wolf_novel)" title="The Watch That Ends the Night (Wolf novel)">The Watch That Ends the Night (Wolf novel)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Watch That Ends the Night <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night&rft.author=%5B%5BHugh+MacLennan%5D%5D&rft.date=1958&rft.pub=Macmillan+of+Canada&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=372"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TheWatchThatEndsTheNight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/TheWatchThatEndsTheNight.jpg/220px-TheWatchThatEndsTheNight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cc/TheWatchThatEndsTheNight.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="375" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Historical</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">Macmillan of Canada, New Canadian Library</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1958</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">372</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0773524965" title="Special:BookSources/978-0773524965">978-0773524965</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Watch That Ends the Night</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a>. The title refers to a line in <a href="/wiki/Psalm_90" title="Psalm 90">Psalm 90</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mount_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first published in <a href="/wiki/1958_in_literature" title="1958 in literature">1958</a> by <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_of_Canada" title="Macmillan of Canada">Macmillan of Canada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Watch_That_Ends_the_Night&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George and Catherine Stewart share not only the burden of Catherine's heart disease, which could cause her death at any time, but the memory of Jerome Martell, her first husband and George's closest friend. Martell, a brilliant doctor passionately concerned with social justice, is presumed to have died in a Nazi prison camp. His sudden return to Montreal precipitates the central crisis of the novel. Hugh MacLennan takes the reader into the lives of his three characters and back into the world of Montreal in the thirties, when politics could send an idealist across the world to Spain, France, Auschwitz, Russia, and China before his return home. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title">Title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Watch_That_Ends_the_Night&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title is a reference to a line in <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Watts" title="Isaac Watts">Isaac Watts</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Our_God,_Our_Help_in_Ages_Past" title="Our God, Our Help in Ages Past">Our God, Our Help in Ages Past</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literal phrase, 'The watch that ends the night' is found only in the hymn, while the corresponding line in the <a href="/wiki/Psalm_90" title="Psalm 90">psalm 90</a> which inspired it is "as a watch in the night". </p><p>A thousand ages in Thy sight<br /> Are like an evening gone;<br /> Short as the watch that ends the night<br /> Before the rising sun. </p><p>This echoes the theme of mortality that is central to the plot of the novel. The hymn and the psalm as a whole contrast the brevity and struggle of human life with the eternity of God (and, in Christian interpretation, of life everlasting after death). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Watch_That_Ends_the_Night&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel was a Canadian bestseller for almost four months in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Mount_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacLennan received $70,000 in film rights.<sup id="cite_ref-Mount_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robertson Davies declared "The Canadian novel takes a great stride forward."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is considered to be MacLennan's best novel,<sup id="cite_ref-Bonnycastle_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonnycastle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mount_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webb_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an important Canadian novel.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonnycastle_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonnycastle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webb_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel earned MacLennan the Canadian <a href="/wiki/1959_Governor_General%27s_Awards" title="1959 Governor General's Awards">Governor General's Award</a> for literature. </p><p>A passage from the book was adapted for use in the song "<a href="/wiki/Courage_(for_Hugh_MacLennan)" title="Courage (for Hugh MacLennan)">Courage (for Hugh MacLennan)</a>" by Canadian rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Tragically_Hip" title="The Tragically Hip">The Tragically Hip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webb_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paraphrase comes in the song's last verse: </p><p>There's no simple explanation<br /> For anything important any of us do<br /> And yeah, the human tragedy<br /> Consists in the necessity<br /> Of living with the consequences </p><p>A number of elements from the novel are believed to reflect MacLennan's life. Catherine Stewart is believed to have been inspired by MacLennan's first wife, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Duncan" title="Dorothy Duncan">Dorothy Duncan</a>, who was dying of the same ailment Catherine suffers from while MacLennan was writing the novel. Another major character, Jerome Martell, is generally thought to have been inspired by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Bethune" title="Norman Bethune">Norman Bethune</a>, a claim the author denied. MacLennan's biographer, <a href="/wiki/Elspeth_Cameron" title="Elspeth Cameron">Elspeth Cameron</a>, points to <a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">F. R. Scott</a> and Samuel MacLennan, the author's father, as models for Martell. However, Mr. MacLennan, in a 1965 newspaper article referring to his neurologist, Dr. Reuben Rabinovitch of Montreal wrote: “When my novel, ‘The Watch That Ends The Night,’ appeared, it was widely believed that its doctor-protagonist, Dr. Jerome Martell, was modeled on the famous Dr. Norman Bethune. He wasn't, for I never knew Bethune. But Martell's way of dealing with his patients was Dr. Rab's way. This is not to suggest that Martell was modeled off him; he wasn't. But if I had not known Dr. Rab, I could never have understood Dr. Martell." Dr. Martell's life history was also notably quite similar to that of Dr. Rabinovitch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gibson" title="Douglas Gibson">Douglas Gibson</a>, Hugh MacLennan's friend and publisher, wrote: "Hugh later suggested that a real-life model for Jerome Martell was actually <a href="/wiki/F._R._Scott" title="F. R. Scott">Frank Scott</a>, the poet, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill Law School</a> scholar, and leader of Montreal left-wing politics who became one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">CCF party</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Watch_That_Ends_the_Night&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mount-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mount_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMount2017" class="citation web cs1">Mount, Nick (2017-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewalrus.ca/on-hughs-watch/">"On Hugh MacLennan's Watch"</a>. <i>The Walrus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Walrus&rft.atitle=On+Hugh+MacLennan%27s+Watch&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Mount&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewalrus.ca%2Fon-hughs-watch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hymnary.org/text/our_god_our_help_in_ages_past_watts/fulltexts">O God Our Help in Ages Past - representative texts</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mqup.ca/watch-that-ends-the-night--the-products-9780773524965.php">"The Watch That Ends the Night: Reviews"</a>. <i>McGill-Queens University Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McGill-Queens+University+Press&rft.atitle=The+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night%3A+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mqup.ca%2Fwatch-that-ends-the-night--the-products-9780773524965.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonnycastle-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnycastle_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnycastle_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonnycastle1979" class="citation web cs1">Bonnycastle, Stephen (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/jcs.14.4.76">"The Power of The Watch that Ends the Night"</a>. <i>University of Toronto Press; Journal of Canadian Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Toronto+Press%3B+Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+The+Watch+that+Ends+the+Night&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Bonnycastle&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futpjournals.press%2Fdoi%2F10.3138%2Fjcs.14.4.76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webb-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Webb_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Webb_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Webb_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2009" class="citation web cs1">Webb, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebullcalfreview.ca/hughmaclennan.htm">"The Watch that Ends the Night"</a>. <i>The Bull Calf</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bull+Calf&rft.atitle=The+Watch+that+Ends+the+Night&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebullcalfreview.ca%2Fhughmaclennan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hipmuseum.com/courage.html">"Courage Exhibit"</a>. <i>www.hipmuseum.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hipmuseum.com&rft.atitle=Courage+Exhibit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hipmuseum.com%2Fcourage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2013" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Douglas (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://douglasgibsonbooks.com/the-storytellers-book-club/the-storytellers-book-club-the-watch-that-ends-the-night/">"The Storytellers Book Club: The Watch That Ends the Night"</a>. <i>Douglas Gibson's professional website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Douglas+Gibson%27s+professional+website&rft.atitle=The+Storytellers+Book+Club%3A+The+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdouglasgibsonbooks.com%2Fthe-storytellers-book-club%2Fthe-storytellers-book-club-the-watch-that-ends-the-night%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Watch+That+Ends+the+Night" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Busby" title="Brian Busby">Brian Busby</a>, <i>Character Parts: Who's Really Who in Canlit</i>, Toronto: Knopf, 2003. p. 163-164, 171, 245. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-676-97579-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-676-97579-8">0-676-97579-8</a>.</li> <li>Hugh MacLennan, noted Canadian author, pays tribute to the late Dr. Rabinovitch, in Canadian Jewish Review, October 22, 1965. Citing a Letter To The Editor in the Montreal Star newspaper.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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id="Winners_of_the_Governor_General&#039;s_Award_for_English-language_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General%27s_Award_for_English-language_fiction" title="Governor General's Award for English-language fiction">Governor General's Award for English-language fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brooker" title="Bertram Brooker">Bertram Brooker</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Think_of_the_Earth" title="Think of the Earth">Think of the Earth</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Salverson" title="Laura Salverson">Laura Salverson</a>, <i>The Dark Weaver</i> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwethalyn_Graham" title="Gwethalyn Graham">Gwethalyn Graham</a>, <i>Swiss Sonata</i> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._McDowell" title="Franklin D. McDowell">Franklin D. McDowell</a>, <i>The Champlain Road</i> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringuet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringuet">Ringuet</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Acres" title="Thirty Acres">Thirty Acres</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sullivan" title="Alan Sullivan">Alan Sullivan</a>, <i>Three Came to Ville Marie</i> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Herbert_Sallans" title="G. Herbert Sallans">G. Herbert Sallans</a>, <i>Little Man</i> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Head_Raddall" title="Thomas Head Raddall">Thomas Head Raddall</a>, <i>The Pied Piper of Dipper Creek</i> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwethalyn_Graham" title="Gwethalyn Graham">Gwethalyn Graham</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_and_High_Heaven" title="Earth and High Heaven">Earth and High Heaven</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Solitudes_(novel)" title="Two Solitudes (novel)">Two Solitudes</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winifred_Bambrick" title="Winifred Bambrick">Winifred Bambrick</a>, <i>Continental Revue</i> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Roy" title="Gabrielle Roy">Gabrielle Roy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Flute" title="The Tin Flute">The Tin Flute</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Precipice_(MacLennan_novel)" title="The Precipice (MacLennan novel)">The Precipice</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Child" title="Philip Child">Philip Child</a>, <i>Mr. Ames Against Time</i> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_Gu%C3%A8vremont" title="Germaine Guèvremont">Germaine Guèvremont</a>, <i>The Outlander</i> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_Callaghan" title="Morley Callaghan">Morley Callaghan</a>, <i>The Loved and the Lost</i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(author)" title="David Walker (author)">David Walker</a>, <i>The Pillar</i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(author)" title="David Walker (author)">David Walker</a>, <i>Digby</i> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Gouzenko" title="Igor Gouzenko">Igor Gouzenko</a>, <i>The Fall of a Titan</i> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Shapiro" title="Lionel Shapiro">Lionel Shapiro</a>, <i>The Sixth of June</i> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adele_Wiseman" title="Adele Wiseman">Adele Wiseman</a>, <i>The Sacrifice</i> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Roy" title="Gabrielle Roy">Gabrielle Roy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Street_of_Riches" title="Street of Riches">Street of Riches</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_McDougall" title="Colin McDougall">Colin McDougall</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Execution_(novel)" title="Execution (novel)">Execution</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a>, <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Watch That Ends the Night</a></i> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(novelist)" title="Brian Moore (novelist)">Brian Moore</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Luck_of_Ginger_Coffey_(novel)" title="The Luck of Ginger Coffey (novel)">The Luck of Ginger Coffey</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Lowry" title="Malcolm Lowry">Malcolm Lowry</a>, <i>Hear Us O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place</i> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildare_Dobbs" title="Kildare Dobbs">Kildare Dobbs</a>, <i>Running to Paradise</i> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Garner" title="Hugh Garner">Hugh Garner</a>, <i>Hugh Garner's Best Stories</i> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_LePan" title="Douglas LePan">Douglas LePan</a>, <i>The Deserter</i> (1964)</li> <li>[no award] (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Laurence" title="Margaret Laurence">Margaret Laurence</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Jest_of_God" title="A Jest of God">A Jest of God</a></i> (1966)</li> <li>[no award] (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Happy_Shades" title="Dance of the Happy Shades">Dance of the Happy Shades</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kroetsch" title="Robert Kroetsch">Robert Kroetsch</a>, <i>The Studhorse Man</i> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Godfrey" title="Dave Godfrey">Dave Godfrey</a>, <i>The New Ancestors</i> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Richler" title="Mordecai Richler">Mordecai Richler</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/St._Urbain%27s_Horseman" title="St. Urbain's Horseman">St. Urbain's Horseman</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Davies" title="Robertson Davies">Robertson Davies</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manticore" title="The Manticore">The Manticore</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Wiebe" title="Rudy Wiebe">Rudy Wiebe</a>, <i>The Temptations of Big Bear</i> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Laurence" title="Margaret Laurence">Margaret Laurence</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diviners" title="The Diviners">The Diviners</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(novelist)" title="Brian Moore (novelist)">Brian Moore</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Victorian_Collection" title="The Great Victorian Collection">The Great Victorian Collection</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Engel" title="Marian Engel">Marian Engel</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bear_(novel)" title="Bear (novel)">Bear</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Findley" title="Timothy Findley">Timothy Findley</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars" title="The Wars">The Wars</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Do_You_Think_You_Are%3F_(book)" title="Who Do You Think You Are? (book)">Who Do You Think You Are?</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hodgins" title="Jack Hodgins">Jack Hodgins</a>, <i>The Resurrection of Joseph Bourne</i> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bowering" title="George Bowering">George Bowering</a>, <i>Burning Water</i> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavis_Gallant" title="Mavis Gallant">Mavis Gallant</a>, <i>Home Truths: Selected Canadian Stories</i> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Vanderhaeghe" title="Guy Vanderhaeghe">Guy Vanderhaeghe</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Man_Descending" title="Man Descending">Man Descending</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Rooke" title="Leon Rooke">Leon Rooke</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Dog" title="Shakespeare's Dog">Shakespeare's Dog</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_%C5%A0kvoreck%C3%BD" title="Josef Škvorecký">Josef Škvorecký</a>, <i>The Engineer of Human Souls</i> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Progress_of_Love" title="The Progress of Love">The Progress of Love</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._T._Kelly" title="M. T. Kelly">M. T. Kelly</a>, <i>A Dream Like Mine</i> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Adams_Richards" title="David Adams Richards">David Adams Richards</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nights_Below_Station_Street" title="Nights Below Station Street">Nights Below Station Street</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Quarrington" title="Paul Quarrington">Paul Quarrington</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Whale_Music_(novel)" title="Whale Music (novel)">Whale Music</a></i> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Ricci" title="Nino Ricci">Nino Ricci</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Saints_(Ricci_novel)" title="Lives of the Saints (Ricci novel)">Lives of the Saints</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohinton_Mistry" title="Rohinton Mistry">Rohinton Mistry</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Such_a_Long_Journey_(novel)" title="Such a Long Journey (novel)">Such a Long Journey</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ondaatje" title="Michael Ondaatje">Michael Ondaatje</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient" title="The English Patient">The English Patient</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields" title="Carol Shields">Carol Shields</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Diaries" title="The Stone Diaries">The Stone Diaries</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Wiebe" title="Rudy Wiebe">Rudy Wiebe</a>, <i>A Discovery of Strangers</i> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hollingshead" title="Greg Hollingshead">Greg Hollingshead</a>, <i>The Roaring Girl</i> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Vanderhaeghe" title="Guy Vanderhaeghe">Guy Vanderhaeghe</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Englishman%27s_Boy" title="The Englishman's Boy">The Englishman's Boy</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Urquhart" title="Jane Urquhart">Jane Urquhart</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Underpainter" title="The Underpainter">The Underpainter</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Schoemperlen" title="Diane Schoemperlen">Diane Schoemperlen</a>, <i>Forms of Devotion</i> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cohen_(writer)" title="Matt Cohen (writer)">Matt Cohen</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_and_After" title="Elizabeth and After">Elizabeth and After</a></i> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ondaatje" title="Michael Ondaatje">Michael Ondaatje</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anil%27s_Ghost" title="Anil's Ghost">Anil's Ghost</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wright" title="Richard B. Wright">Richard B. Wright</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Clara_Callan" title="Clara Callan">Clara Callan</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Sawai" title="Gloria Sawai">Gloria Sawai</a>, <i>A Song for Nettie Johnson</i> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Glover_(writer)" title="Douglas Glover (writer)">Douglas Glover</a>, <i>Elle</i> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Toews" title="Miriam Toews">Miriam Toews</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Complicated_Kindness" title="A Complicated Kindness">A Complicated Kindness</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gilmour_(writer)" title="David Gilmour (writer)">David Gilmour</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Night_to_Go_to_China" title="A Perfect Night to Go to China">A Perfect Night to Go to China</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens_(writer)" title="Peter Behrens (writer)">Peter Behrens</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_of_Dreams" title="The Law of Dreams">The Law of Dreams</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ondaatje" title="Michael Ondaatje">Michael Ondaatje</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Divisadero_(novel)" title="Divisadero (novel)">Divisadero</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Ricci" title="Nino Ricci">Nino Ricci</a>, <i>The Origin of Species</i> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Pullinger" title="Kate Pullinger">Kate Pullinger</a>, <i>The Mistress of Nothing</i> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Warren" title="Dianne Warren">Dianne Warren</a>, <i>Cool Water</i> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_deWitt" title="Patrick deWitt">Patrick deWitt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_Brothers" title="The Sisters Brothers">The Sisters Brothers</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Spalding" title="Linda Spalding">Linda Spalding</a>, <i>The Purchase</i> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Catton" title="Eleanor Catton">Eleanor Catton</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Luminaries" title="The Luminaries">The Luminaries</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_King_(novelist)" title="Thomas King (novelist)">Thomas King</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Back_of_the_Turtle" title="The Back of the Turtle">The Back of the Turtle</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Vanderhaeghe" title="Guy Vanderhaeghe">Guy Vanderhaeghe</a>, <i>Daddy Lenin and Other Stories</i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Thien" title="Madeleine Thien">Madeleine Thien</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Say_We_Have_Nothing" title="Do Not Say We Have Nothing">Do Not Say We Have Nothing</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Thomas_Hynes" title="Joel Thomas Hynes">Joel Thomas Hynes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/We%27ll_All_Be_Burnt_in_Our_Beds_Some_Night" title="We'll All Be Burnt in Our Beds Some Night">We'll All Be Burnt in Our Beds Some Night</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Henstra" title="Sarah Henstra">Sarah Henstra</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Word" title="The Red Word">The Red Word</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Thomas" title="Joan Thomas">Joan Thomas</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Wives" title="Five Wives">Five Wives</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Good" title="Michelle Good">Michelle Good</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Little_Indians_(novel)" title="Five Little Indians (novel)">Five Little Indians</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Dunning" title="Norma Dunning">Norma Dunning</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tainna" title="Tainna">Tainna</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Heti" title="Sheila Heti">Sheila Heti</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_Colour" title="Pure Colour">Pure Colour</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuja_Varghese" title="Anuja Varghese">Anuja Varghese</a>, <i>Chrysalis</i> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Abel" title="Jordan Abel">Jordan Abel</a>, <i>Empty Spaces</i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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