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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Life cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relationships with humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationships_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationships with humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationships_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>As pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>As food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_creators_of_biofuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_creators_of_biofuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>As creators of biofuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_creators_of_biofuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orthoptera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="مستقيمات الأجنحة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستقيمات الأجنحة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCzqanadl%C4%B1lar" title="Düzqanadlılar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Düzqanadlılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Прамакрылыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прамакрылыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Правокрили – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Правокрили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuschreck" title="Heuschreck – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Heuschreck" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ort%C3%B2pters" title="Ortòpters – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ortòpters" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B3%D1%80%D3%97_%D2%AB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тӳрӗ ҫунатлисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тӳрӗ ҫунатлисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovnok%C5%99%C3%ADdl%C3%AD" title="Rovnokřídlí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rovnokřídlí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6shopper" title="Græshopper – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Græshopper" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuschrecken" title="Heuschrecken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heuschrecken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahachagii_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_Nahak%CA%BC%C3%ADzii" title="Nahachagii dóó Nahakʼízii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Nahachagii dóó Nahakʼízii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihktiivalised" title="Sihktiivalised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sihktiivalised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Ορθόπτερα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορθόπτερα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortopteroj" title="Ortopteroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ortopteroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="راست‌بالان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راست‌بالان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ort%C3%B3pteros" title="Ortópteros – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ortópteros" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%9A%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%AA%A9" title="메뚜기목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메뚜기목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A9%D6%87%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ուղղաթևեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուղղաթևեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="ऋजुपक्ष कीटवर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऋजुपक्ष कीटवर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravnokrilci" title="Ravnokrilci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ravnokrilci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortoptero" title="Ortoptero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ortoptero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Растбазыронтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Растбазыронтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinv%C3%A6ngjur" title="Beinvængjur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Beinvængjur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%92%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חגבאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חגבאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სწორფრთიანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სწორფრთიანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Турақанаттылар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Турақанаттылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87engrast_(candar)" title="Çengrast (candar) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çengrast (candar)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Түз канаттуулар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түз канаттуулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ХъацӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ХъацӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taisnsp%C4%81r%C5%86i" title="Taisnspārņi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taisnspārņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heespr%C3%A9nger" title="Heesprénger – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Heesprénger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiesiasparniai" title="Tiesiasparniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiesiasparniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechvleugelege" title="Rechvleugelege – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rechvleugelege" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyenessz%C3%A1rny%C3%BAak" title="Egyenesszárnyúak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyenesszárnyúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Правокрилци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Правокрилци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1" title="ഓർത്തപ്റ്റെറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓർത്തപ്റ്റെറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%87" title="مستقيمات الاجنحه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مستقيمات الاجنحه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtvleugeligen" title="Rechtvleugeligen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rechtvleugeligen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E7%9B%AE" title="バッタ目 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バッタ目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopern" title="Hopern – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hopern" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rettvinger" title="Rettvinger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rettvinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rettvenger" title="Rettvenger – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rettvenger" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBg%CA%BBriqanotlilar" title="Toʻgʻriqanotlilar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻgʻriqanotlilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਰਥੋਪਟੇਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਥੋਪਟੇਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سموزروالا حشرات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سموزروالا حشرات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haupeer" title="Haupeer – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Haupeer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostoskrzyd%C5%82e" title="Prostoskrzydłe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prostoskrzydłe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortoptere" title="Ortoptere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ortoptere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haq%27arwitu" title="Haq'arwitu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Haq'arwitu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Прямокрылые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прямокрылые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovnokr%C3%ADdlovce" title="Rovnokrídlovce – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rovnokrídlovce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobilice" title="Kobilice – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kobilice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Правокрилци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Правокрилци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravnokrilci" title="Ravnokrilci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ravnokrilci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suorasiipiset" title="Suorasiipiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suorasiipiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppr%C3%A4tvingar" title="Hopprätvingar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hopprätvingar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நேர் சிறகிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நேர் சிறகிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%CA%BBe" title="Heʻe – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Heʻe" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCz_kanatl%C4%B1lar" title="Düz kanatlılar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Düz kanatlılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Прямокрилі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прямокрилі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%BE%DB%92_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سیدھے پردار حشرات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیدھے پردار حشرات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_C%C3%A1nh_th%E1%BA%B3ng" title="Bộ Cánh thẳng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Cánh thẳng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtvleuglign" title="Rechtvleuglign – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rechtvleuglign" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Orthoptera" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%BF%85%E7%9B%AE" title="直翅目 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="直翅目" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%BF%85%E7%9B%AE" title="直翅目 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="直翅目" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%BF%85%E7%9B%AE" title="直翅目 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="直翅目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167810#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Orthoptera<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>–recent <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">359–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:98.492307692308px; width:121.50769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:98.492307692308px; width:121.50769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:99.492307692308px; width:119.50769230769px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_(Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta)_male.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_%28Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta%29_male.jpg/220px-Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_%28Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta%29_male.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_%28Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta%29_male.jpg/330px-Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_%28Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta%29_male.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_%28Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta%29_male.jpg/440px-Roesel%27s_bush-cricket_%28Metrioptera_roeselii_diluta%29_male.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3611" data-file-height="3119" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Roesel%27s_bush-cricket" title="Roesel's bush-cricket">Roesel's bush-cricket</a><br />family <a href="/wiki/Tettigoniidae" title="Tettigoniidae">Tettigoniidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Orthoptera" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraclass: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neoptera" title="Neoptera">Neoptera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cohort: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polyneoptera" title="Polyneoptera">Polyneoptera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthoptera</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Latreille" class="mw-redirect" title="Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1793</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Extant <a href="/wiki/Suborder" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborder">suborders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">superfamilies</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grylloidea" title="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpoidea" title="Gryllotalpoidea">Gryllotalpoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagloidea" title="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaphidophoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhaphidophoroidea">Rhaphidophoroidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizodactyloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizodactyloidea">Schizodactyloidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenopelmatoidea" title="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tettigonioidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tettigonioidea">Tettigonioidea</a></li></ul> <p>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acridoidea" title="Acridoidea">Acridoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumastacoidea" title="Eumastacoidea">Eumastacoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumoroidea">Pneumoroidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgomorphoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrgomorphoidea">Pyrgomorphoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaoceroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaoceroidea">Tanaoceroidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrigoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrigoidea">Tetrigoidea</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridactyloidea" title="Tridactyloidea">Tridactyloidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigonopterygoidea" title="Trigonopterygoidea">Trigonopterygoidea</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Orthoptera</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%80%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὀρθός">ὀρθός</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>orthós</i></span>)</i> 'straight' and <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πτερά">πτερά</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>pterá</i></span>)</i> 'wings') is an <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a> that comprises the <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshoppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locusts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">crickets</a>, including closely related insects, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tettigoniidae" title="Tettigoniidae">bush crickets or katydids</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C4%93t%C4%81" title="Wētā">wētā</a>. The order is subdivided into two suborders: <a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a> – grasshoppers, locusts, and close relatives; and <a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a> – crickets and close relatives. </p><p>More than 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> are distributed worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The insects in the order have <a href="/wiki/Incomplete_metamorphosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Incomplete metamorphosis">incomplete metamorphosis</a>, and produce <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> (known as a "<a href="/wiki/Stridulation" title="Stridulation">stridulation</a>") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(anatomy)" title="Tympanum (anatomy)">tympanum</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ear</a>, is located in the front <a href="/wiki/Tibia_(arthropod)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibia (arthropod)">tibia</a> in crickets, <a href="/wiki/Mole_cricket" title="Mole cricket">mole crickets</a>, and bush crickets or katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts.<sup id="cite_ref-IIBD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIBD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals. </p><p>Grasshoppers and other orthopterans are able to fold their <a href="/wiki/Insect_wing" title="Insect wing">wings</a> (i.e. they are members of <a href="/wiki/Neoptera" title="Neoptera">Neoptera</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὀρθός</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">orthos</i></span> meaning "straight" and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πτερόν</span></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pteron</i></span></i> meaning "wing". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orthopterans have a generally <a href="/wiki/Cylindrical" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylindrical">cylindrical</a> body, with elongated hindlegs and musculature adapted for <a href="/wiki/Jumping" title="Jumping">jumping</a>. They have <a href="/wiki/Mandible_(arthropod)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandible (arthropod)">mandibulate</a> mouthparts for biting and chewing and large <a href="/wiki/Compound_eye" title="Compound eye">compound eyes</a>, and may or may not have <a href="/wiki/Ocelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocelli">ocelli</a>, depending on the species. The <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(biology)" title="Antenna (biology)">antennae</a> have multiple joints and filiform type, and are of variable length.<sup id="cite_ref-IIBD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIBD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first and third segments on the <a href="/wiki/Thorax_(insect_anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorax (insect anatomy)">thorax</a> are larger, while the second segment is much smaller. They have two pairs of <a href="/wiki/Insect_wing" title="Insect wing">wings</a>, which are held overlapping the <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a> at rest. The forewings, or <a href="/wiki/Tegmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegmina">tegmina</a>, are narrower than the hindwings and hardened at the base, while the hindwings are membranous, with straight veins and numerous cross-veins. At rest, the hindwings are held folded fan-like under the forewings. The final two to three segments of the abdomen are reduced, and have single-segmented <a href="/wiki/Cercus" title="Cercus">cerci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IIBD_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIBD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle">Life cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orthopterans have a paurometabolous lifecycle or <a href="/wiki/Incomplete_metamorphosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Incomplete metamorphosis">incomplete metamorphosis</a>. The use of sound is generally crucial in courtship, and most species have distinct songs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most grasshoppers lay their <a href="/wiki/Egg_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (biology)">eggs</a> in the ground or on vegetation. The eggs hatch and the young <a href="/wiki/Nymph_(biology)" title="Nymph (biology)">nymphs</a> resemble adults, but lack wings and at this stage are often called 'hoppers'. They may often also have a radically different coloration from the adults. Through successive <a href="/wiki/Ecdysis" title="Ecdysis">moults</a>, the nymphs develop wings until their final moult into a mature adult with fully developed wings.<sup id="cite_ref-IIBD_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIBD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of moults varies between species; growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This order evolved <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=300">300</a> million years ago</span> with a division into two suborders – <a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a> – occurring <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=256">256</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Orthoptera are divided into two suborders, <a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a>, that have been shown to be <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gwynne_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gwynne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent comprehensive phylogeny based on analyses of data from transcriptomes and mitochondrial genomes found the following relationships within Orthoptera.<sup id="cite_ref-Song-2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song-2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Orthoptera</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Gryllidea" title="Gryllidea">Gryllidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:3px double;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpoidea" title="Gryllotalpoidea">Gryllotalpoidea</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (mole crickets and ant crickets) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Grylloidea" title="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</a> ("true crickets", scaly crickets, wood crickets, etc) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg/70px-Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg/105px-Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg/140px-Arachnocephalus_vestitus01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="1196" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Tettigoniidea" title="Tettigoniidea">Tettigoniidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhaphidophoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhaphidophoroidea">Rhaphidophoroidea</a> (cave crickets, camel crickets, spider crickets and sand treaders) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg/70px-Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg/105px-Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg/140px-Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1950" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Schizodactyloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizodactyloidea">Schizodactyloidea</a> (dune crickets) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/50px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/75px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/100px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1099" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Stenopelmatoidea" title="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</a> (Jerusalem crickets, king crickets, leaf-rolling crickets and Cooloola monsters) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hagloidea" title="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</a> (grigs) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tettigonioidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tettigonioidea">Tettigonioidea</a> (katydids or bush crickets) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg/70px-Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg/105px-Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg/140px-Cricket_September_2010-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3699" data-file-height="2146" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Tridactylidea" title="Tridactylidea">Tridactylidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tridactyloidea" title="Tridactyloidea">Tridactyloidea</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pygmy_mole_cricket_(8071068977)_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pygmy_mole_cricket_%288071068977%29_cropped.jpg/70px-Pygmy_mole_cricket_%288071068977%29_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pygmy_mole_cricket_%288071068977%29_cropped.jpg/105px-Pygmy_mole_cricket_%288071068977%29_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pygmy_mole_cricket_%288071068977%29_cropped.jpg/140px-Pygmy_mole_cricket_%288071068977%29_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="847" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Acrididea" title="Acrididea">Acrididea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tetrigoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrigoidea">Tetrigoidea</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG/70px-Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG/105px-Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG/140px-Tetrix_subulata_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="1601" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Acridomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Acridomorpha">Acridomorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:3px double;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Eumastacoidea" title="Eumastacoidea">Eumastacoidea</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monkey_hopper_(14795010039).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Monkey_hopper_%2814795010039%29.jpg/70px-Monkey_hopper_%2814795010039%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Monkey_hopper_%2814795010039%29.jpg/105px-Monkey_hopper_%2814795010039%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Monkey_hopper_%2814795010039%29.jpg/140px-Monkey_hopper_%2814795010039%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3432" data-file-height="2279" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Proscopioidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Proscopioidea">Proscopioidea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tanaoceroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaoceroidea">Tanaoceroidea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:3px double;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Trigonopterygoidea" title="Trigonopterygoidea">Trigonopterygoidea</a> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pneumoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumoroidea">Pneumoroidea</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bladder_Grasshopper_(Bullacris_intermedia)_(30068047440).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bladder_Grasshopper_%28Bullacris_intermedia%29_%2830068047440%29.jpg/70px-Bladder_Grasshopper_%28Bullacris_intermedia%29_%2830068047440%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bladder_Grasshopper_%28Bullacris_intermedia%29_%2830068047440%29.jpg/105px-Bladder_Grasshopper_%28Bullacris_intermedia%29_%2830068047440%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bladder_Grasshopper_%28Bullacris_intermedia%29_%2830068047440%29.jpg/140px-Bladder_Grasshopper_%28Bullacris_intermedia%29_%2830068047440%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="2635" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pyrgomorphoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrgomorphoidea">Pyrgomorphoidea</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Variegated_grasshopper_(Zonocerus_variegatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg/70px-Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg/105px-Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg/140px-Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4002" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Acridoidea" title="Acridoidea">Acridoidea</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SGR_laying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SGR_laying.jpg/70px-SGR_laying.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SGR_laying.jpg/105px-SGR_laying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SGR_laying.jpg/140px-SGR_laying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">(<a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshoppers</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gryllotalpoidea is paraphyletic with respect to Grylloidea, with either <a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gryllotalpidae">Gryllotalpidae</a> or <a href="/wiki/Myrmecophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmecophilidae">Myrmecophilidae</a> as sister to Grylloidea<sup id="cite_ref-Song-2020_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song-2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eumastacoidea is paraphyletic with respect to Proscopioidea, with the latter in a derived position as sister to <a href="/wiki/Episactidae" title="Episactidae">Episactidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Song-2020_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song-2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trigonopterygoidea is paraphyletic with respect to Pneumoroidea, with <a href="/wiki/Trigonopterygidae" title="Trigonopterygidae">Trigonopterygidae </a> as sister to <a href="/wiki/Pneumoridae" title="Pneumoridae">Pneumoridae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Song-2020_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song-2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garden_locust_(Acanthacris_ruficornis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Garden_locust_%28Acanthacris_ruficornis%29.jpg/220px-Garden_locust_%28Acanthacris_ruficornis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Garden_locust_%28Acanthacris_ruficornis%29.jpg/330px-Garden_locust_%28Acanthacris_ruficornis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Garden_locust_%28Acanthacris_ruficornis%29.jpg/440px-Garden_locust_%28Acanthacris_ruficornis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4428" data-file-height="2952" /></a><figcaption>Garden locust (<i>Acanthacris ruficornis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, family <a href="/wiki/Acrididae" title="Acrididae">Acrididae</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Variegated_grasshopper_(Zonocerus_variegatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg/220px-Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg/330px-Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg/440px-Variegated_grasshopper_%28Zonocerus_variegatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4002" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Variegated grasshopper (<i>Zonocerus variegatus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, family <a href="/wiki/Pyrgomorphidae" title="Pyrgomorphidae">Pyrgomorphidae</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg/220px-Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg/330px-Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg/440px-Peruvian_Stick_Bug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Proscopiidae" title="Proscopiidae">Proscopiidae gen. sp.</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Taxonomists classify members of the Caelifera and Ensifera into infraorders and superfamilies as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackithBlackith1968_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackithBlackith1968-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FlookKlee1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlookKlee1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a> – grasshoppers, pygmy mole crickets and allies <ul><li>Infraorder <a href="/wiki/Acrididea" title="Acrididea">Acrididea</a> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Acridoidea" title="Acridoidea">Acridoidea</a> – grasshoppers, locusts</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Eumastacoidea" title="Eumastacoidea">Eumastacoidea</a> – monkey or matchstick grasshoppers and allies</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Locustopsoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locustopsoidea (page does not exist)">Locustopsoidea</a>†</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Pneumoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumoroidea">Pneumoroidea</a> – bladder grasshoppers</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Pyrgomorphoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrgomorphoidea">Pyrgomorphoidea</a> – gaudy grasshoppers</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Tanaoceroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaoceroidea">Tanaoceroidea</a> – desert long-horned grasshoppers</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Tetrigoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrigoidea">Tetrigoidea</a> – ground-hoppers or grouse locusts</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Trigonopterygoidea" title="Trigonopterygoidea">Trigonopterygoidea</a> – leaf grasshoppers</li></ul></li> <li>Infraorder <a href="/wiki/Tridactylidea" title="Tridactylidea">Tridactylidea</a> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzhajloutshelloidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzhajloutshelloidea (page does not exist)">Dzhajloutshelloidea</a>†</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regiatoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regiatoidea (page does not exist)">Regiatoidea</a>†</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Tridactyloidea" title="Tridactyloidea">Tridactyloidea</a> – pygmy mole crickets and allies</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a> – crickets <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Grylloidea" title="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</a> – crickets</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpoidea" title="Gryllotalpoidea">Gryllotalpoidea</a> – mole crickets and ant crickets</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Hagloidea" title="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</a> – grigs and allies</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phasmomimoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phasmomimoidea (page does not exist)">Phasmomimoidea</a>†</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Rhaphidophoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhaphidophoroidea">Rhaphidophoroidea</a> – camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wētā</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Schizodactyloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizodactyloidea">Schizodactyloidea</a> – dune crickets</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Stenopelmatoidea" title="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</a> – wētā and allies</li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Tettigonioidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tettigonioidea">Tettigonioidea</a> – katydids / bush crickets</li></ul></li> <li><i>Incertae sedis</i> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/wiki/Elcanidae" title="Elcanidae">Elcanoidea</a>† <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationships_with_humans">Relationships with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relationships with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_pests">As pests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several species of Orthoptera are considered pests of crops and rangelands or seeking warmth in homes by humans. The two groups of Orthoptera that cause the most damage are <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshoppers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locusts</a>. Locust are historically known for wiping out fields of crops in a day. Locust have the ability to eat up to their own body weight in a single day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals gather in large groups called swarms, these swarms can range up to 80 million individuals that stretch 460 square miles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grasshoppers can cause major agricultural damage but not to the documented extent as locust historically have. These insects mainly feed on weeds and grasses, however, during times of drought and high population density they will feed on crops. They are a known pest in <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a> fields and will likely feed on these crops once preferred food sources have become scarce.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_food">As food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: As food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects as food</a></div> <p>Most orthopterans are edible, making up 13% of all insects including some 80 species of grasshoppers being regularly consumed worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>, grasshoppers and locusts are usually collected early in the morning when it is cooler as the orthopterans are less mobile due to being <a href="/wiki/Ectotherm" title="Ectotherm">cold-blooded</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Thailand, <a href="/wiki/House_cricket" title="House cricket">house crickets</a> are commonly reared and eaten; as of 2012, around 20,000 cricket farmers had farms in 53 of their <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">76 provinces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second century BCE in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> is known to have called people from <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <i>Acridophagi</i>, meaning "eaters of locusts."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, the Orthoptera include the only insects considered <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a>. The list of dietary laws in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">book of Leviticus</a> forbids all flying insects that walk, but makes an exception for <a href="/wiki/Kosher_locust" title="Kosher locust">certain locusts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> states the only kosher flying insects with four walking legs have knees that extend above their feet so that they hop.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_creators_of_biofuel">As creators of biofuel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As creators of biofuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With new research showing promise in locating alternative <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuel</a> sources in the gut of insects, grasshoppers are one species of interest. The insect's ability to break down <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignin</a> without producing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a> has aroused scientific interest.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Orthopteroid_genera_containing_species_recorded_in_Europe" title="List of Orthopteroid genera containing species recorded in Europe">List of Orthopteroid genera containing species recorded in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Orthoptera_recorded_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Orthoptera recorded in Britain">List of Orthoptera recorded in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopterida" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopterida">Orthopterida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sperm_storage" title="Female sperm storage">Female sperm storage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthoptera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Orthoptera">"Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids"</a>. <i>Discover Life</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mol Phylogenet Evol </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhou2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zhou2010_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhou Z, Ye H, Huang Y, Shi F. (2010) The phylogeny of Orthoptera inferred from mtDNA and description of <i>Elimaea cheni</i> (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) mitogenome. <i>J. Genet. Genomics.</i> 37(5):315-324</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gwynne-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gwynne_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynne1995" class="citation journal cs1">Gwynne, Darryl T. (1995). 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"The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as Deduced from mtrRNA Gene Sequences". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 89–103. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997MolPE...8...89F">1997MolPE...8...89F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fmpev.1997.0412">10.1006/mpev.1997.0412</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9242597">9242597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+Phylogeny+of+the+Caelifera+%28Insecta%2C+Orthoptera%29+as+Deduced+from+mtrRNA+Gene+Sequences&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-103&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9242597&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fmpev.1997.0412&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997MolPE...8...89F&rft.aulast=Flook&rft.aufirst=P.+K.&rft.au=Rowell%2C+C.+H.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrthoptera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Song-2020-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Song-2020_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Song-2020_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Song-2020_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Song-2020_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSongBéthouxShinDonath2020" class="citation journal cs1">Song, Hojun; Béthoux, Olivier; Shin, Seunggwan; Donath, Alexander; Letsch, Harald; Liu, Shanlin; McKenna, Duane D.; Meng, Guanliang; Misof, Bernhard; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Zhou, Xin; Wipfler, Benjamin; Simon, Sabrina (2020). 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Insect_orders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders_of_Insects" title="Template:Orders of Insects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders_of_Insects" title="Template talk:Orders of Insects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders_of_Insects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders of Insects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Insect_orders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insect</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Insect_orders" title="Category:Insect orders">orders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li> <li>(unranked): <a href="/wiki/Pancrustacea" title="Pancrustacea">Pancrustacea</a></li> <li>Subphylum: <a href="/wiki/Hexapoda" title="Hexapoda">Hexapoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Extant" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monocondylia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeognatha" title="Archaeognatha">Monocondylia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeognatha" title="Archaeognatha">Archaeognatha <small>(jumping bristletails)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insect_collage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Insect_collage.png/75px-Insect_collage.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Insect_collage.png/113px-Insect_collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Insect_collage.png/150px-Insect_collage.png 2x" data-file-width="2967" data-file-height="2887" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dicondylia" title="Dicondylia">D<br />i<br />c<br />o<br />n<br />d<br />y<br />l<br />i<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygentoma" title="Zygentoma">Zygentoma <small>(silverfish, firebrats)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pterygota" title="Pterygota">P<br />t<br />e<br />r<br />y<br />g<br />o<br />t<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Palaeoptera" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaeoptera" title="Palaeoptera">Palaeoptera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mayfly" title="Mayfly">Ephemeropteroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayfly" title="Mayfly">Ephemeroptera <small>(mayflies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odonatoptera" title="Odonatoptera">Odonatoptera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odonata" title="Odonata">Odonata <small>(dragonflies, damselflies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Neoptera" title="Neoptera">N<br />e<br />o<br />p<br />t<br />e<br />r<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Polyneoptera" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Polyneoptera" title="Polyneoptera">Polyneoptera</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plecoptera" title="Plecoptera">Plecoptera <small>(stoneflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earwig" title="Earwig">Dermaptera <small>(earwigs)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embioptera" title="Embioptera">Embioptera <small>(webspinners)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasmatodea" title="Phasmatodea">Phasmatodea <small>(stick and leaf insects)</small></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthoptera <small>(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoraptera" title="Zoraptera">Zoraptera <small>(angel insects)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Notoptera" title="Notoptera">Notoptera<br /><small>(Xenonomia)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grylloblattidae" title="Grylloblattidae">Grylloblattodea <small>(ice-crawlers)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantophasmatidae" title="Mantophasmatidae">Mantophasmatodea <small>(gladiators)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dictyoptera" title="Dictyoptera">Dictyoptera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blattodea" title="Blattodea">Blattodea <small>(cockroaches, termites)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantis" title="Mantis">Mantodea <small>(mantises)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eumetabola" title="Eumetabola">E<br />u<br />m<br />e<br />t<br />a<br />b<br />o<br />l<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Paraneoptera_*" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paraneoptera" title="Paraneoptera">Paraneoptera</a></i><abbr title="Eumetabola = (Psocodea + (rest of Paraneoptera + Holometabola))"> *</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psocodea" title="Psocodea">Psocodea <small>(barklice, lice)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrips" title="Thrips">Thysanoptera <small>(thrips)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera <small>(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Holometabola" title="Holometabola">H<br />o<br />l<br />o<br />m<br />e<br />t<br />a<br />b<br />o<br />l<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" title="Hymenoptera">Hymenoptera <small>(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)</small></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Neuropteroidea</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Coleopterida" title="Coleopterida">Coleopterida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strepsiptera" title="Strepsiptera">Strepsiptera <small>(twisted-winged parasites)</small></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">Coleoptera <small>(beetles)</small></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Neuropterida" title="Neuropterida">Neuropterida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snakefly" title="Snakefly">Raphidioptera <small>(snakeflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaloptera" title="Megaloptera">Megaloptera <small>(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroptera" title="Neuroptera">Neuroptera <small>(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panorpida" title="Panorpida">Panorpida<br /><small><span class="nobold">(Mecopterida)</span></small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;line-height:2em;"><span class="nobold">Antliophora</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="A clade comprising paraphyletic order Mecoptera and monophyletic order Siphonaptera."><i><a href="/wiki/Mecoptera" title="Mecoptera">Mecoptera <small>(scorpionflies)</small></a></i> + <a href="/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">Siphonaptera <small>(fleas)</small></a></abbr></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">Diptera <small>(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)</small></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;line-height:2em;"><a href="/wiki/Amphiesmenoptera" title="Amphiesmenoptera">Amphiesmenoptera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddisfly" title="Caddisfly">Trichoptera <small>(caddisflies)</small></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera <small>(moths, butterflies)</small></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:90%;"><div> <ul><li>Four most speciose orders are marked in <b>bold</b></li> <li><i>Italic</i> are paraphyletic groups</li> <li>Based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/236">Sasaki <i>et al.</i> (2013)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Extinct" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extinct</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethiocarenodea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aethiocarenodea">Aethiocarenodea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roachoid" title="Roachoid">Blattoptera <small>(roachoids)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloneurodea" title="Caloneurodea">Caloneurodea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campylopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Campylopteridae">Campylopteridae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbotriplurida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbotriplurida (page does not exist)">Carbotriplurida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxoplectoptera" title="Coxoplectoptera">Coxoplectoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphanopterodea" title="Diaphanopterodea">Diaphanopterodea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoblattodea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoblattodea (page does not exist)">Eoblattodea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudiaphanoptera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudiaphanoptera (page does not exist)">Eudiaphanoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Geroptera">Geroptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosselytrodea" title="Glosselytrodea">Glosselytrodea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraridea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraridea (page does not exist)">Heraridea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypoperlida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypoperlida (page does not exist)">Hypoperlida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeyriidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapeyriidae">Lapeyriidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meganisoptera" title="Meganisoptera">Meganisoptera <small>(griffinflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megasecoptera" title="Megasecoptera">Megasecoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miomoptera" title="Miomoptera">Miomoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeodictyoptera" title="Palaeodictyoptera">Palaeodictyoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paoliida" title="Paoliida">Paoliida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permoplectoptera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permoplectoptera (page does not exist)">Permoplectoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permothemistida" title="Permothemistida">Permothemistida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protanisoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Protanisoptera">Protanisoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protelytroptera" title="Protelytroptera">Protelytroptera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protephemerida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protephemerida (page does not exist)">Protephemerida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protorthoptera" title="Protorthoptera">Protorthoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protozygoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozygoptera">Protozygoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syntonoptera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syntonoptera (page does not exist)">Syntonoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanoptera" title="Titanoptera">Titanoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triadophlebioptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Triadophlebioptera">Triadophlebioptera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beetle_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Beetle_icon.svg/25px-Beetle_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Beetle_icon.svg/38px-Beetle_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Beetle_icon.svg/50px-Beetle_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="143" data-file-height="159" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Insects" title="Portal:Insects">Insects portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Insecta" class="extiw" title="species:Insecta">Wikispecies</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Orthoptera_families" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orthoptera" title="Template:Orthoptera"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orthoptera" title="Template talk:Orthoptera"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orthoptera" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orthoptera"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Orthoptera_families" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orthoptera</a> families</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></li> <li>Subclass: <a href="/wiki/Pterygota" title="Pterygota">Pterygota</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Neoptera" title="Neoptera">Neoptera</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Orthopterida" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopterida">Orthopterida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Ensifera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Ensifera" title="Ensifera">Ensifera</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Grylloidea" title="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Gryllidae <small>(crickets)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogoplistidae" title="Mogoplistidae">Mogoplistidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oecanthidae" title="Oecanthidae">Oecanthidae <small>(tree crickets and allies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalangopsidae" title="Phalangopsidae">Phalangopsidae <small>(spider and beetle crickets)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigonidiidae" title="Trigonidiidae">Trigonidiidae <small>(sword-tailed and wood crickets)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpoidea" title="Gryllotalpoidea">Gryllotalpoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gryllotalpidae">Gryllotalpidae <small>(mole crickets)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant_cricket" title="Ant cricket">Myrmecophilidae <small>(ant crickets)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Hagloidea" title="Hagloidea">Hagloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophalangopsidae" title="Prophalangopsidae">Prophalangopsidae <small>(grigs)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Rhaphidophoridae" title="Rhaphidophoridae">Rhaphidophoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhaphidophoridae" title="Rhaphidophoridae">Rhaphidophoridae <small>(cave and camel crickets; cave wetas)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Schizodactyloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizodactyloidea">Schizodactyloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schizodactylidae" title="Schizodactylidae">Schizodactylidae <small>(dune crickets or splay-footed crickets)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Stenopelmatoidea" title="Stenopelmatoidea">Stenopelmatoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anostostomatidae" title="Anostostomatidae">Anostostomatidae <small>(wetas, king crickets)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooloola_(insect)" title="Cooloola (insect)">Cooloolidae <small>(Cooloola monster and relatives)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryllacrididae" title="Gryllacrididae">Gryllacrididae <small>(leaf-rolling crickets)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenopelmatidae" title="Stenopelmatidae">Stenopelmatidae <small>(Jerusalem crickets)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:20.15em"><a href="/wiki/Tettigoniidae" title="Tettigoniidae">Tettigonioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tettigoniidae" title="Tettigoniidae">Tettigoniidae <small>(katydids, bush-crickets or long-horned grasshoppers)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Caelifera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Acrididea" title="Acrididea">Acrididea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Acridoidea" title="Acridoidea">Acridoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrididae" title="Acrididae">Acrididae <small>(grasshoppers, locusts)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dericorythidae" title="Dericorythidae">Dericorythidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lathiceridae" title="Lathiceridae">Lathiceridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentulidae" title="Lentulidae">Lentulidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithidiidae" title="Lithidiidae">Lithidiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ommexechidae" title="Ommexechidae">Ommexechidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphagidae" title="Pamphagidae">Pamphagidae <small>(toad grasshoppers)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphagodidae" title="Pamphagodidae">Pamphagodidae</a> (synonym <a href="/wiki/Charilaidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Charilaidae">Charilaidae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgacrididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrgacrididae">Pyrgacrididae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaleidae" title="Romaleidae">Romaleidae <small>(lubber grasshoppers)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristiridae" title="Tristiridae">Tristiridae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Eumastacoidea" title="Eumastacoidea">Eumastacoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorotypidae" title="Chorotypidae">Chorotypidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episactidae" title="Episactidae">Episactidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumastacidae" title="Eumastacidae">Eumastacidae <small>(monkey grasshoppers or matchstick grasshoppers)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euschmidtiidae" title="Euschmidtiidae">Euschmidtiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastacideidae" title="Mastacideidae">Mastacideidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morabidae" title="Morabidae">Morabidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proscopiidae" title="Proscopiidae">Proscopiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thericleidae" title="Thericleidae">Thericleidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Pneumoroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumoroidea">Pneumoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoridae" title="Pneumoridae">Pneumoridae <small>(bladder grasshoppers)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Pyrgomorphidae" title="Pyrgomorphidae">Pyrgomorphoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgomorphidae" title="Pyrgomorphidae">Pyrgomorphidae <small>(gaudy grasshoppers)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Tanaoceroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaoceroidea">Tanaoceroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanaoceridae" title="Tanaoceridae">Tanaoceridae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Tetrigidae" title="Tetrigidae">Tetrigoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrigidae" title="Tetrigidae">Tetrigidae <small>(grouse locusts, pygmy locusts or groundhoppers)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Trigonopterygoidea" title="Trigonopterygoidea">Trigonopterygoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonopterygidae" title="Trigonopterygidae">Trigonopterygidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyronotidae" title="Xyronotidae">Xyronotidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Tridactylidea" title="Tridactylidea">Tridactylidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Tridactyloidea" title="Tridactyloidea">Tridactyloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandgroper_(insect)" title="Sandgroper (insect)">Cylindrachetidae <small>(sandgropers)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripipterygidae" title="Ripipterygidae">Ripipterygidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridactylidae" title="Tridactylidae">Tridactylidae <small>(pygmy mole crickets)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Orthoptera</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167810" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q167810">Q167810</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Orthoptera">Orthoptera</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Orthoptera/">Orthoptera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Orthoptera">Orthoptera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=101">101</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/73">73</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8NKFC">8NKFC</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/683">683</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ORTHO">1ORTHO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:11883">11883</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/36483d05-2cad-46a5-913f-05f02af94c3f">36483d05-2cad-46a5-913f-05f02af94c3f</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/1458">1458</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47651">47651</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=12011">12011</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=102160">102160</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000160590">NBNSYS0000160590</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6993">6993</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/41ba154f-e953-490f-bf8c-343b3131b3ce">41ba154f-e953-490f-bf8c-343b3131b3ce</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1095594">1095594</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Orthoptera Species File (old): <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1">1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Orthoptera Species File (new): <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/otus/805980/overview">805980</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=56641">56641</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PPE: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/orthoptera/">orthoptera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F32787C2-FFE0-E84B-FF17-B0D4FDC0FADD">F32787C2-FFE0-E84B-FF17-B0D4FDC0FADD</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426331">426331</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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