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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lewe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lewe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Lewe subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jeug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jeug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sy_toetrede_tot_die_politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sy_toetrede_tot_die_politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sy toetrede tot die politiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sy_toetrede_tot_die_politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ná_die_oorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ná_die_oorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ná die oorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ná_die_oorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fotogalery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotogalery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fotogalery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotogalery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Schuman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 61 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="روبير شومان (سياسي فرنسي) – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبير شومان (سياسي فرنسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89)" title="روبرت شومان (دبلوماسى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت شومان (دبلوماسى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robber_%C5%9Euman" title="Robber Şuman – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robber Şuman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Робер Шуман – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робер Шуман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ρομπέρ Σουμάν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομπέρ Σουμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روبر شومان – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبر شومان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="רובר שומאן – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רובר שומאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռոբեր Շուման – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբեր Շուման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ロベール・シューマン – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロベール・シューマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rober.cuman" title="rober.cuman – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rober.cuman" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რობერ შუმანი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერ შუმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%89%AC%EB%A7%9D" title="로베르 쉬망 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로베르 쉬망" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Schuman" title="Robertus Schuman – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Schuman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%C4%93rs_%C5%A0%C5%ABmanis" title="Robērs Šūmanis – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Robērs Šūmanis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шуман, Робер – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шуман, Робер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman_(politikan)" title="Robert Schuman (politikan) – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Robert Schuman (politikan)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Робер Шуман – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Робер Шуман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E6%9B%BC" title="罗贝尔·舒曼 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗贝尔·舒曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert Schuman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E6%9B%BC" title="罗贝尔·舒曼 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗贝尔·舒曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15981#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Robert_Schuman&id=2708896&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Schuman"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Schuman"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Robert+Schuman"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li 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gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:23em; font-size:85%; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size:140%;"><b>Robert Schuman</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453,_Robert_Schuman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Schuman"><img alt="Robert Schuman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453%2C_Robert_Schuman.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453%2C_Robert_Schuman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453%2C_Robert_Schuman.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453%2C_Robert_Schuman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453%2C_Robert_Schuman.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-19000-2453%2C_Robert_Schuman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="795" /></a></span><br />Robert Schuman in 1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Eerste Minister van Frankryk</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/24_November" title="24 November">24 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> – <a href="/wiki/26_Julie" title="26 Julie">26 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>President </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Auriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Auriol (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vincent Auriol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorafgegaan deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ramadier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ramadier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Paul Ramadier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opgevolg deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Marie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Marie (bladsy bestaan nie)">André Marie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/5_September" title="5 September">5 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> – <a href="/wiki/11_September" title="11 September">11 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>President </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Auriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Auriol (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vincent Auriol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorafgegaan deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Marie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Marie (bladsy bestaan nie)">André Marie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opgevolg deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Queuille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Queuille (bladsy bestaan nie)">Henri Queuille</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;">1ste Voorsitter van die Europese Parlementêre Vergadering</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> – <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorafgegaan deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Furler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Furler (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hans Furler</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opgevolg deur </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Furler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Furler (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hans Furler</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color: #000000; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;">Persoonlike besonderhede</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gebore </th> <td>Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1886-06-29</span>)</span>29 Junie 1886 <br /><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(stad)" title="Luxemburg (stad)">Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterf </th> <td>4 September 1963 (op 77)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scy-Chazelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scy-Chazelles (bladsy bestaan nie)">Scy-Chazelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotaringe" title="Lotaringe">Lotaringe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Politieke party </th> <td>Mouvement Républicain Populaire </td></tr> <tr> <th>Religie </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke Kerk</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman</b> [<span title="Uitspraak in IPA" class="IPA">ʀobɛʀ ʃuman</span>] (* <a href="/wiki/29_Junie" title="29 Junie">29 Junie</a> <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clausen_(Luxemburg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clausen (Luxemburg) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clausen</a>, nou deel van <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(stad)" title="Luxemburg (stad)">Luxemburg</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> † <a href="/wiki/4_September" title="4 September">4 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scy-Chazelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scy-Chazelles (bladsy bestaan nie)">Scy-Chazelles</a>) was 'n Franse staatsman met oorspronklik Duitse burgerskap. Hy was 'n vrome katoliek en lid van die Christendemokratiese party. </p><p>Schuman het homself as 'n ware <a href="/wiki/Europe%C3%ABr" title="Europeër">Europeër</a> beskou. Hy is in Luxemburg met Duitse burgerskap gebore. As <a href="/wiki/Moedertaal" title="Moedertaal">moedertaal</a> het hy die dialek van <a href="/wiki/Lotaringe" title="Lotaringe">Lotaringe</a> gepraat. In 1918 het hy 'n Franse burger geword toe Lotaringe deur Frankryk ingelyf is. Hy het hom in die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> by die Franse Weerstand aangesluit. Ná die oorlog het hy as Franse minister van buitelandse sake versoening met Duitsland bepleit. </p><p>Hy is veral bekend vanweë die <a href="/wiki/Schumanverklaring" title="Schumanverklaring">Schumanverklaring</a> van 9 Mei 1950 wat as die begin van die Europese eenwording beskou word en wat tot die huidige <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> gelei het. Saam met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Monnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Monnet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jean Monnet</a> word hy as die "vader van Europa" beskou. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lewe">Lewe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Lewe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lewe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jeug">Jeug</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Jeug" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Jeug"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg/220px-LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg/330px-LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg/440px-LUX_Geburtshaus_Robert_Schuman_KSG_1570_pK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3734" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Robert Schuman se geboorteplek in Luxemburg-Clausen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Robert_Schuman_Plaque_(Graunstrasse_31).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Robert_Schuman_Plaque_%28Graunstrasse_31%29.JPG/220px-Robert_Schuman_Plaque_%28Graunstrasse_31%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Robert_Schuman_Plaque_%28Graunstrasse_31%29.JPG/330px-Robert_Schuman_Plaque_%28Graunstrasse_31%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Robert_Schuman_Plaque_%28Graunstrasse_31%29.JPG/440px-Robert_Schuman_Plaque_%28Graunstrasse_31%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>Gedenkplaat op die <i>Institut St. Philipp Neri Berlin</i> in <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Robert Schuman se pa, Jean-Pierre Schuman (1837–1900), is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89vrange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Évrange (bladsy bestaan nie)">Évrange</a> (Ewringen) gebore, wat in Lotaringe naby die grens met Luxemburg lê. In 1871 is hierdie gebied deur die Duitse Ryk ingelyf. Robert se ma, Eugénie Duren (1864–1911), is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bettemburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bettemburg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bettemburg</a> gebore en was Luxemburgs. Sy het deur haar huwelik in 1884 die Duitse burgerskap gekry. Robert Schuman is in Clausen wat nou 'n deel van die stad Luxemburg is gebore, maar het Die Duitse burgerskap gekry. Die Franse taal het hy eers in die skool begin om te leer en hy het altyd 'n moeselfrankiese aksent behou.<sup id="cite_ref-Festschrift_Luxemburg-Clausen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Festschrift_Luxemburg-Clausen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sy oom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernand_Schuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernand Schuman (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fernand Schuman</a>, was lid van die parlement van Elsas-Lotaringe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904 slaag hy in Metz aan die keiserlike gymnasium. Hy studeer regte aan die Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universiteit in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>. In 1910 ontvang hy sy doktorsgraad Berlyn (<i>summa cum laude</i>). Ná sy ma in 1911 in 'n ongeval dood is, oorweeg hy om priester te word, maar uiteindelik besluit hy om leek te bly. Hy het nogtans nooit getroud en het sy hele lewe in <a href="/wiki/Selibaat" title="Selibaat">selibaat</a> geleef.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912 slaag hy vir die tweede staatseksamen. Hy open in Junie 1912<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Metz 'n prokureurskap. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> het Schuman by die distriksadministrasie van Bouley-Moselle (Bolchen) gewerk in in 1918 het hy ledi van die stadsraad van Metz geword. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sy_toetrede_tot_die_politiek">Sy toetrede tot die politiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Sy toetrede tot die politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sy toetrede tot die politiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ná die anneksasie van Elsas-Lotaringe deur Frankryk in 1919 het hy vir die <i>Union Républicaine Lorraine</i> lid van die Franse Nasionale Vergadering (die parlement) geword. Van 1928–1936 is Schuman voorsitter van die Komitee Elsas-Lotaringe. Hy is tydelik vise-president van die Huis van Verteenwoordigers. Hy behou sy setel in die parlement in die vroeë dae van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, maar in 1941 word hy deur die <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> inhegtenisgeneem. Schuman word in Metz en in Neustadt an der Weinstraße gevange gehou, maar in 1942 het hy daarin geslaag om te ontsnap. Hy het toevlug gevind in die klooster van Notre-Dame-des-Neiges in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Laurent-les-Bains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Laurent-les-Bains (bladsy bestaan nie)">Saint-Laurent-les-Bains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ná_die_oorlog"><span id="N.C3.A1_die_oorlog"></span>Ná die oorlog</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Ná die oorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ná die oorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Stamps_of_Germany_(BRD)_1968,_MiNr_556.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1968%2C_MiNr_556.jpg/220px-Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1968%2C_MiNr_556.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1968%2C_MiNr_556.jpg/330px-Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1968%2C_MiNr_556.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1968%2C_MiNr_556.jpg/440px-Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1968%2C_MiNr_556.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Robert Schuman (Wes-Duitse posseël, 1968)</figcaption></figure> <p>Na afloop van die oorlog is Robert Schuman opnuut lid van die Nasionale Vergadering. In 1946 word hy minister van Finansies en in 1947 Eerste Minister van die Franse Vierde Republiek. Hierdie republiek word deur groot instabiliteit gekenmerk en van 1948 tot 1952 is hy minister van buitelandse sake in agt verskillende regerings. In hierdie tyd het hy bekend geword deur sy pogings om versoening met Duitsland tot stand te bring. In 1950 word die <a href="/wiki/Schumanverklaring" title="Schumanverklaring">Schumanverklaring</a> afgekondig en in 1951 lei dit tot die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Parys" class="mw-disambig" title="Verdrag van Parys">Verdrag van Parys</a> wat volgens hom die eerste stap in die rigting van 'n Europese Federasie sal wees.<sup id="cite_ref-schuman-erklärung_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schuman-erklärung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy planne word nogtans in Frankryk min gesteun en in 1952 moet hy bedank. </p><p>In 1955 word die Europese Konvensie oor Menseregte deur 26 Europese lande onderteken waaraan Schuman aan bygedra het. In 1953–1958 onderneem hy talle lesings waarin hy die idee van 'n verenigde Europa bevorder. In 1955 word hy aangestel as minister van Justisie. </p><p>In 1957 sien hy met die Verdrag van Rome dat die Europese eenwording 'n stap verder gaan en in 1958 word hy gekies om die eerste president van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Parlement" title="Europese Parlement">Europese Parlement</a> te word, wat origens uiters min mag verkry. Hy kry wel in verskeie lande erkenning vir sy werk en word geëer met 'n eredoktoraat van die universiteit Leuven en die Karelsprys van die stad <a href="/wiki/Aken" title="Aken">Aken</a>. </p><p>Robert Schuman sterf op 4 September in Scy-Chazelles naby Metz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fotogalery">Fotogalery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Fotogalery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Fotogalery"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%BCllheim,_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert-Schuman-Kaserne: Stafgebou van die Franko-Duitse Brigade"><img alt="Robert-Schuman-Kaserne: Stafgebou van die Franko-Duitse Brigade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M%C3%BCllheim%2C_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg/120px-M%C3%BCllheim%2C_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M%C3%BCllheim%2C_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg/180px-M%C3%BCllheim%2C_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M%C3%BCllheim%2C_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg/240px-M%C3%BCllheim%2C_Robert-Schuman-Kaserne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Robert-Schuman-Kaserne</i>: Stafgebou van die Franko-Duitse Brigade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Schuman se borsbeeld in die Jubelpark van Brussel."><img alt="Robert Schuman se borsbeeld in die Jubelpark van Brussel." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG/90px-Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG/135px-Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG/180px-Bruxelles-Parc_du_Cinquantenaire-Robert_Schuman-001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Robert Schuman se borsbeeld in die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jubelpark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jubelpark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jubelpark</a> van <a href="/wiki/Brussel" title="Brussel">Brussel</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huis in Scy-Chazelles"><img alt="Huis in Scy-Chazelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg/120px-Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg/180px-Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg/240px-Maison_de_Robert_Schuman_%C3%A0_Scy-Chazelles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huis in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scy-Chazelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scy-Chazelles (bladsy bestaan nie)">Scy-Chazelles</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Schuman se monument in Luxemburg"><img alt="Robert Schuman se monument in Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg/120px-Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg/180px-Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg/240px-Robert_Schumann_Monument_-_Luxembourg_city_2007_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Robert Schuman se monument in Luxemburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graf van Robert Schuman in Scy-Chazelles"><img alt="Graf van Robert Schuman in Scy-Chazelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg/90px-Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg/135px-Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg/180px-Robert_Schuman_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graf van Robert Schuman in Scy-Chazelles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Schuman-monument in Brussel"><img alt="Robert Schuman-monument in Brussel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg/120px-Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg/180px-Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg/240px-Brussels_Schuman_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Robert Schuman-monument in Brussel</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cere.public.lu/fr/robert-schuman/robert-schuman-dans-ses-liens-avec-le-luxembourg.pdf">cere.public.lu: <i>Robert Schuman dans ses liens avec le Luxembourg en général et Clausen en particulier</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110181918/http://www.cere.public.lu/fr/robert-schuman/robert-schuman-dans-ses-liens-avec-le-luxembourg.pdf">Geargiveer</a> 10 November 2013 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF; 709 kB). Sy geboorteplek is in 1985 deur Luxemburg gekoop en daar is nou die <i>Centre d'études de recherches européennes</i> gevestig (CERE, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cere.public.lu/">cere.public.lu</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Festschrift_Luxemburg-Clausen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Festschrift_Luxemburg-Clausen_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fofa.lu/PDF_docs/150_Joer_Clausen.pdf#page=29">Feesuitgawe van die Fanfare Grand-Ducale de Clausen</a> (2006, <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>; 7,4 MB), S. 29 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> Roth, François: Le personnel politique de la Lorraine pendant l'annexion à l'empire Allemand 1871–1918. De la France vers l'Allemagne – De l'Allemagne vers la France. In: Themenportal Europäische Geschichte (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europa.clio-online.de/2007/Article=237">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Robert Schuman Foundation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schumanfoundation.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21&Itemid=33">Robert Schuman (Biografie)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histoire-france-web.fr/republique_4/Auriol.htm">Robert Schuman (1886–1963)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schuman-erklärung-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-schuman-erklärung_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/9-may/decl_de.htm">Europa.eu: Die Schumanverklaring</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/15px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/23px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Hierdie artikel is (gedeeltelik) vertaal uit <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman?oldid=165140740">die Duitse Wikipedia</a>. <small>Sien <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Schuman?offset=20170520&action=history">bron</a></small></span>.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Raymond Poidevin: <i>Robert Schumans Deutschland- und Europapolitik zwischen Tradition und Neuorientierung</i>. 1976, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3920896262" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-920896-26-2</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Hans August Lücker: <i>Robert Schuman. Europäer aus christlicher Verantwortung</i>. Vallendar 1992.</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Jean Seitlinger, Hans August Lücker: <i>Robert Schuman und die Einigung Europas</i>. Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 2000, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3416028910" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-416-02891-0</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Hermann-J. Benning: <i>Robert Schuman. Leben und Vermächtnis</i>. Neue Stadt Verlag, München 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9783879969975" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-87996-997-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schuman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Schuman" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/9-may/decl_de.htm">Schumanverklaring van 9 Mei 1950</a> – Webwerf van die Europese Unie</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: left; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="{{{rye}}}">Voorafgegaan deur<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ramadier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ramadier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Paul Ramadier</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rye}}}"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Eerste_Ministers_van_Frankryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van Eerste Ministers van Frankryk">Eerste Minister van Frankryk</a></b><br />24 Nov 1947–19 Jul 1948 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rye}}}">Opgevolg deur<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Marie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Marie (bladsy bestaan nie)">André Marie</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="{{{rye}}}">Voorafgegaan deur<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Marie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Marie (bladsy bestaan nie)">André Marie</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rye}}}"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Eerste_Ministers_van_Frankryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van Eerste Ministers van Frankryk">Eerste Minister van Frankryk</a></b><br />5-7 Sept 1948 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rye}}}">Opgevolg deur<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Queuille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Queuille (bladsy bestaan nie)">Henri Queuille</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidente_van_die_Europese_Parlement" style="width:100%;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Kabinette_van_die_RSA" title="Sjabloon:Kabinette van die RSA"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Kabinette_van_die_RSA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Kabinette van die RSA (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Kabinette_van_die_RSA&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidente_van_die_Europese_Parlement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidente van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Parlement" title="Europese Parlement">Europese Parlement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Spaak" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Henri Spaak">Spaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_Gasperi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcide Gasperi">Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Pella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Pella (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Furler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Furler (bladsy bestaan nie)">Furler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Martino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Martino (bladsy bestaan nie)">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Duvieusart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Duvieusart (bladsy bestaan nie)">Duvieusart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Leemans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Leemans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Leemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Poher" title="Alain Poher">Poher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Scelba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Scelba (bladsy bestaan nie)">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Behrendt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Behrendt (bladsy bestaan nie)">Behrendt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Berkhouwer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Sp%C3%A9nale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Spénale (bladsy bestaan nie)">Spénale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Veil</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Dankert" title="Piet Dankert">Dankert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Pflimlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Pflimlin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pflimlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Plumb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord Plumb (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lord Plumb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Bar%C3%B5n_Crespo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Barõn Crespo (bladsy bestaan nie)">Crespo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egon_A._Klepsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egon A. Klepsch (bladsy bestaan nie)">Klepsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_H%C3%A4nsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Hänsch (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hänsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Gil-Robles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Maria Gil-Robles (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gil-Robles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicole_Fontaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicole Fontaine (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Cox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Cox (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josep_Borrell_Fontelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josep Borrell Fontelles (bladsy bestaan nie)">Borrell Fontelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Gert_P%C3%B6ttering" title="Hans-Gert Pöttering">Pöttering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Buzek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Tajani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Sassoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Sassoli (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sassoli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberta_Metsola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberta Metsola (bladsy bestaan nie)">Metsola</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:EP_Strasbourg_hemicycle_l-gal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Die parlement"><img alt="Die parlement" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/EP_Strasbourg_hemicycle_l-gal.jpg/90px-EP_Strasbourg_hemicycle_l-gal.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/EP_Strasbourg_hemicycle_l-gal.jpg/135px-EP_Strasbourg_hemicycle_l-gal.jpg 1.5x, 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title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Ministers van Finansies van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_Ministers_van_Finansies_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van Ministers van Finansies van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">lys</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Superintendent_van_Finansies_(1561–1661)_*_Kontroleur-Generaal_van_Finansies_(1661–1791)"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superintendent_van_Finansies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superintendent van Finansies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Superintendent van Finansies</a> (1561–1661)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontroleur-Generaal_van_Finansies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontroleur-Generaal van Finansies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kontroleur-Generaal van Finansies</a> (1661–1791)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huis_van_Valois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huis van Valois (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Valois</a><br />(1518–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Beaune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Beaune (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Beaune</a> (1518–1524)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philibert_Babou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philibert Babou (bladsy bestaan nie)">Babou</a> (1524–1544)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_du_Thiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean du Thiers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Du Thiers</a> (1544–1546)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_d%27Annebault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude d'Annebault (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Annebault</a> (1546–1552)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Guillart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Guillart (bladsy bestaan nie)">Guillart</a> (1552–1556)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_d%27Avan%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean d'Avançon (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Avançon</a> (1556–1559)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Lorraine</a> (1559–1560)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artus_de_Coss%C3%A9-Brissac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artus de Cossé-Brissac (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Cossé-Brissac</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_d%27Ongnyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis d'Ongnyes (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Ongnyes</a> (1561–1567)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_de_Birague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René de Birague (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Birague</a> (1568–1570)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomponne_de_Belli%C3%A8vre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomponne de Bellièvre (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Bellièvre</a> (1574–1588)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François d'O (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'O</a> (1588–1589)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huis_van_Bourbon" title="Huis van Bourbon">Huis van Bourbon</a><br />(1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François d'O (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'O</a> (1589–1594)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_Duke_of_Sully&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Béthune</a> (1598–1611)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Jeannin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Jeannin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jeannin</a> (1614–1619)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_de_Schomberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri de Schomberg (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Schomberg</a> (1619–1622)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_La_Vieuville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de La Vieuville (bladsy bestaan nie)">De La Vieuville</a> (1623–1624)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bochart_de_Champigny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Bochart de Champigny (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Champigny</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_de_Marillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel de Marillac (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Marillac</a> (1624–1626)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Co%C3%ABffier_de_Ruz%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Ruzé</a> (1626–1632)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Bullion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude de Bullion (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Bullion</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Bouthillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Bouthillier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bouthillier</a> (1632–1640)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Bouthillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Bouthillier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bouthillier</a> (1640–1643)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_de_Bailleul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas de Bailleul (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Bailleul</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Mesmes</a> (1643–1647)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Emery</a> (1647–1648)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_La_Porte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de La Porte (bladsy bestaan nie)">De La Porte</a> (1648–1649)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Emery</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude de Mesmes (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Mesmes</a> (1649–1650)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_de_Longueil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René de Longueil (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Longueil</a> (1650–1651)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_La_Vieuville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de La Vieuville (bladsy bestaan nie)">De La Vieuville</a> (1651–1653)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Servien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Servien (bladsy bestaan nie)">Servien</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Fouquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Fouquet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fouquet</a> (1653–1659)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Fouquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Fouquet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fouquet</a> (1659–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Colbert</a> (1661–1683)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Le_Pelletier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Le Pelletier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Le Pelletier</a> (1683–1689)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_comte_de_Pontchartrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain (bladsy bestaan nie)">Phélypeaux</a> (1689–1699)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Chamillart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Chamillart (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chamillart</a> (1699–1708)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Desmarets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Desmarets (bladsy bestaan nie)">Desmarets</a> (1708–1715)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Noailles</a> (1715–1718)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri-Jacques_Nompar_de_Caumont,_duc_de_La_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Caumont</a> (1718–Januarie 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721) (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson</a> (1718–Januarie 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Law_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Law (economist) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Law</a> (Januarie–Mei 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (bladsy bestaan nie)">Des Forts</a> (Mei–Desember 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Le_Pelletier_de_La_Houssaye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye (bladsy bestaan nie)">De La Houssaye</a> (Desember 1720–1722)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gaspard_Dodun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gaspard Dodun (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dodun</a> (1722–1726)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (bladsy bestaan nie)">Des Forts</a> (1726–1730)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philibert_Orry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philibert Orry (bladsy bestaan nie)">Orry</a> (1730–1745)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_de_Machault_d%27Arnouville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Arnouville</a> (1745–1754)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Moreau_de_S%C3%A9chelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Moreau de Séchelles (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Séchelles</a> (1754–1756)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Marie_Peyrenc_de_Moras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Marie Peyrenc de Moras (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Moras</a> (1756–1757)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_de_Boullonges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean de Boullonges (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Boullonges</a> (1757–1759)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_de_Silhouette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne de Silhouette (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Silhouette</a> (1759)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_L%C3%A9onard_Jean_Baptiste_Bertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bertin</a> (1759–1763)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C3%A9ment_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laverdy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clément Charles François de Laverdy (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Laverdy</a> (1763–1768)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Meinon_d%27Invault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Meinon d'Invault (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Invault</a> (1768–1769)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Marie_Terray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Marie Terray (bladsy bestaan nie)">Terray</a> (1769–1774)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot (bladsy bestaan nie)">Turgot</a> (1774–1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_%C3%89tienne_Bernard_Ogier_de_Clugny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Étienne Bernard Ogier de Clugny (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Clugny</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Taboureau_des_R%C3%A9aux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Gabriel Taboureau des Réaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Des Réaux</a> (1776–1777)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Necker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Necker (bladsy bestaan nie)">Necker</a> (1777–1781)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Joly_de_Fleury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François Joly de Fleury (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Fleury</a> (1781–1783)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_Lef%C3%A8vre_d%27Ormesson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri François de Paule Lefèvre d'Ormesson (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Ormesson</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Calonne</a> (1783–1787)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Bouvard_de_Fourqueux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Bouvard de Fourqueux (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Fourqueux</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Brienne</a> (1787–1788)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Necker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Necker (bladsy bestaan nie)">Necker</a> (1788–1789)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Augustuse_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Augustuse Le Tonnelier de Breteuil (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Breteuil</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Necker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Necker (bladsy bestaan nie)">Necker</a> (1789–1790)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Claude_Guillaume_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Claude Guillaume Lambert (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lambert</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Antoine_de_Valdec_de_Lessart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Lessart</a> (1790–1791)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hardouin_Tarb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Hardouin Tarbé (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tarbé</a> (1791–Maart 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Clavière (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clavière</a> (Maart–13 Junie 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Duranthon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Duranthon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Duranthon</a> (13 Junie–18 Junie 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_%C3%89mile_Fran%C3%A7ois_Herv%C3%A9_de_Beaulieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Émile François Hervé de Beaulieu (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Beaulieu</a> (18 Junie–29 Julie 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Delaville-Leroulx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Delaville-Leroulx (bladsy bestaan nie)">Delaville-Leroulx</a> (29 Julie–10 Augustus 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Clavière (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clavière</a> (10 Augustus–21 September 1792)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eerste_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eerste Franse Republiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Eerste Republiek</a><br />(1792–1804)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Clavière (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clavière</a> (21 September 1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Gr%C3%A9goire_Deschamps_Destournelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Grégoire Deschamps Destournelles (bladsy bestaan nie)">Destournelles</a> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (1794–1795)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult (bladsy bestaan nie)">Faipoult</a> (1795–1796)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique-Vincent_Ramel-Nogaret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ramel-Nogaret</a> (1796–Julie 1799)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lindet</a> (Julie–November 1799)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaudin</a> (1799–1804)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eerste_Franse_Ryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eerste Franse Ryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Bonaparte</a><br />(1804–1814)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaudin</a> (1804–1814)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourbon-restourasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourbon-restourasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Bourbon</a><br />(1814–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dominique</a> (1814–1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honderd_Dae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honderd Dae (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Bonaparte</a><br />(1815)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaudin</a> (Maart–Julie 1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourbon_Restoration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourbon Restoration (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Bourbon</a><br />(1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dominique</a> (Julie–September 1815)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Emmanuel_Corvetto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Emmanuel Corvetto (bladsy bestaan nie)">Corvetto</a> (September 1815–Desember 1818)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Roy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Roy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Roy</a> (7 Desember–29 Desember 1818)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dominique</a> (Desember 29, 1818–November 1819)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Roy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Roy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Roy</a> (1819–1821)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_de_Vill%C3%A8le&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste de Villèle (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Villèle</a> (1821–1828)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Roy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Roy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Roy</a> (1828–1829)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_de_Chabrol_de_Crouzol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Crouzol</a> (1829–Mei 1830)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillaume-Isidore_Baron_de_Montbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Montbel</a> (Mei–Julie 1830)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dominique</a> (Julie–Augustus 1830)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julie-monargie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julie-monargie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Orléans</a><br />(1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dominique</a> (Augustus–November 1830)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Laffitte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Laffitte (bladsy bestaan nie)">Laffitte</a> (1830–1831)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dominique</a> (1831–1832)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Humann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Humann (bladsy bestaan nie)">Humann</a> (1832–10 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippolyte_Passy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippolyte Passy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Passy</a> (10 November–18 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Humann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Humann (bladsy bestaan nie)">Humann</a> (18 November 1834–1836)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Maurice_Apollinaire_d%27Argout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout (bladsy bestaan nie)">D'Argout</a> (Januarie–September 1836)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanneguy_Duch%C3%A2tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanneguy Duchâtel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Duchâtel</a> (1836–1837)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Lacave-Laplagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1837–Maart 1839)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-%C3%89lie_Gautier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Élie Gautier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gautier</a> (Maart–Mei 1839)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippolyte_Passy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippolyte Passy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Passy</a> (Mei 1839–Maart 1840)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Pelet_de_la_Loz%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Pelet de la Lozère (bladsy bestaan nie)">De la Lozère</a> (Maart 1840–Oktober 1840)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Humann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Humann (bladsy bestaan nie)">Humann</a> (Oktober 1840–1842)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Lacave-Laplagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1842–1847)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sylvain_Dumon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Sylvain Dumon (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dumon</a> (1847–Februarie 1848)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweede Franse Republiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tweede Republiek</a><br />(1848–1852)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Goudchaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Goudchaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Goudchaux</a> (Februarie–Maart 1848)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès (bladsy bestaan nie)">Garnier-Pagès</a> (Maart–Mei 1848)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Duclerc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Duclerc (bladsy bestaan nie)">Duclerc</a> (Mei–Junie 1848)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Goudchaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Goudchaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Goudchaux</a> (Junie–Oktober 1848)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariste_Jacques_Trouv%C3%A9-Chauvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariste Jacques Trouvé-Chauvel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Trouvé-Chauvel</a> (Oktober–Desember 1848)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippolyte_Passy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippolyte Passy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Passy</a> (Desember 1848–Oktober 1849)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achille_Fould&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achille Fould (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fould</a> (Oktober 1849–Januarie 1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Le_B%C3%A8gue_de_Germiny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Le Bègue de Germiny (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Germiny</a> (Januarie–April 1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achille_Fould&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achille Fould (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fould</a> (April–Oktober 1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Blondel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Blondel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Blondel</a> (Oktober–November 1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Joseph_de_Casabianca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Casabianca</a> (November–Desember 1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achille_Fould&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achille Fould (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fould</a> (Desember 1851–Januarie 1852)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Ryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tweede Franse Ryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Bonaparte</a><br />(1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Martial_Bineau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Martial Bineau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bineau</a> (Januarie 1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Magne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Magne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Magne</a> (1855–1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolphe_de_Forcade_La_Roquette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette (bladsy bestaan nie)">La Roquette</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achille_Fould&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achille Fould (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fould</a> (1861–1867)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Rouher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Rouher (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rouher</a> (Januarie–November 1867)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Magne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Magne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Magne</a> (1867–Januarie 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Buffet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Buffet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Buffet</a> (Januarie–April 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Alexis_Segris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Alexis Segris (bladsy bestaan nie)">Segris</a> (April–Augustus 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Magne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Magne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Magne</a> (Augustus–September 1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derde_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derde Franse Republiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Derde Republiek</a><br />(1870–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Picard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Picard (bladsy bestaan nie)">Picard</a> (September 1870–19 Februarie 1871)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Buffet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Buffet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Buffet</a> (19 Februarie–25 Februarie 1871)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustusin_Pouyer-Quertier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustusin Pouyer-Quertier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pouyer-Quertier</a> (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Goulard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène de Goulard (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Goulard</a> (April–Desember 1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Say&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Say (bladsy bestaan nie)">Say</a> (Desember 1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Magne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Magne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Magne</a> (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mathieu-Bodet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mathieu-Bodet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mathieu-Bodet</a> (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Say&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Say (bladsy bestaan nie)">Say</a> (1875–Mei 1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (Mei 1877–November 1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Dutilleul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Dutilleul (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dutilleul</a> (November–Desember 1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Say&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Say (bladsy bestaan nie)">Say</a> (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Magnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Magnin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Magnin</a> (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Allain-Targ%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Allain-Targé (bladsy bestaan nie)">Allain-Targé</a> (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Say&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Say (bladsy bestaan nie)">Say</a> (Januarie–Augustus 1882)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Tirard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Tirard (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tirard</a> (Augustus 1882–6 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Clamageran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Clamageran (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clamageran</a> (6 April–16 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot (bladsy bestaan nie)">Carnot</a> (16 April 1885–Desember 1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Dauphin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Dauphin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dauphin</a> (Desember 1886–Mei 1887)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Rouvier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Rouvier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rouvier</a> (Mei–Desember 1887)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Tirard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Tirard (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tirard</a> (Desember 1887–April 1888)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Peytral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Peytral (bladsy bestaan nie)">Peytral</a> (April 1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Rouvier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Rouvier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rouvier</a> (1889–1892)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Tirard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Tirard (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tirard</a> (1892–April 1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Peytral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Peytral (bladsy bestaan nie)">Peytral</a> (April–Desember 1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustuse_Burdeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustuse Burdeau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Burdeau</a> (Desember 1893–Mei 1894)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Poincaré (bladsy bestaan nie)">Poincaré</a> (Mei 1894–Januarie 1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Ribot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Ribot (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ribot</a> (Januarie–November 1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Doumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Doumer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Doumer</a> (November 1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Cochery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Cochery (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cochery</a> (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Peytral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Peytral (bladsy bestaan nie)">Peytral</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Rouvier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Rouvier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rouvier</a> (1902–1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Merlou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Merlou (bladsy bestaan nie)">Merlou</a> (1905–Maart 1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Poincaré (bladsy bestaan nie)">Poincaré</a> (Maart–Oktober 1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (Oktober 1906–1909)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Cochery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Cochery (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cochery</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Lucien_Klotz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Klotz</a> (1910–Maart 1911)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (Maart–Junie 1911)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Lucien_Klotz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Klotz</a> (Junie 1911–Maart 1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Dumont_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Dumont (politician) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dumont</a> (Maart–Desember 1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (Desember 1913–Maart 1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Renoult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Renoult (bladsy bestaan nie)">Renoult</a> (Maart–Junie 1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Cl%C3%A9mentel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Clémentel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clémentel</a> (9 Junie–13 Junie 1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Noullens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Noullens (bladsy bestaan nie)">Noullens</a> (Junie–Augustus 1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Ribot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Ribot (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ribot</a> (Augustus 1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Thierry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Thierry (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thierry</a> (Maart–September 1917)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Lucien_Klotz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Lucien Klotz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Klotz</a> (1917–1920)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric François-Marsal (bladsy bestaan nie)">François-Marsal</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Doumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Doumer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Doumer</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Lasteyrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Lasteyrie (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Lasteyrie</a> (1922–1924)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric François-Marsal (bladsy bestaan nie)">François-Marsal</a> (Maart–Junie 1924)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Clementel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Clementel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clementel</a> (Junie 1924–3 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_de_Monzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatole de Monzie (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Monzie</a> (3 April–17 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (April–Oktober 1925)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Painlev%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Painlevé (bladsy bestaan nie)">Painlevé</a> (Oktober–November 1925)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Loucheur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Loucheur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Loucheur</a> (November–Desember 1925)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Doumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Doumer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Doumer</a> (Desember 1925–Maart 1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raoul_P%C3%A9ret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raoul Péret (bladsy bestaan nie)">Péret</a> (Maart–Junie 1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (Junie–Julie 1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_de_Monzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatole de Monzie (bladsy bestaan nie)">De Monzie</a> (19 Julie–23 Julie 1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Poincaré (bladsy bestaan nie)">Poincaré</a> (Julie 1926–1928)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Chéron (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chéron</a> (1928–Februarie 1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Dumont_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Dumont (politician) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dumont</a> (Februarie–Maart 1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Reynaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Reynaud (bladsy bestaan nie)">Reynaud</a> (Maart–Desember 1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Germain-Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Germain-Martin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Germain-Martin</a> (Desember 1930–Januarie 1931)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Flandin</a> (Januarie 1931–1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Germain-Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Germain-Martin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Germain-Martin</a> (Junie–Desember 1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Chéron (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chéron</a> (Desember 1932–Januarie 1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bonnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Bonnet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bonnet</a> (Januarie 1933–Januarie 1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Pi%C3%A9tri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Piétri (bladsy bestaan nie)">Piétri</a> (Januarie–Februarie 1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Maartandeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Maartandeau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maartandeau</a> (4 Februarie–9 Februarie 1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Germain-Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Germain-Martin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Germain-Martin</a> (Februarie 1934–Junie 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Caillaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Caillaux (bladsy bestaan nie)">Caillaux</a> (1 Junie–7 Junie 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_R%C3%A9gnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Régnier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Régnier</a> (Junie 1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Auriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Auriol (bladsy bestaan nie)">Auriol</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Bonnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Bonnet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bonnet</a> (1937–Januarie 1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Maartandeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Maartandeau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maartandeau</a> (Januarie–Maart 1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Blum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Blum (bladsy bestaan nie)">Blum</a> (Maart–April 1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Maartandeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Maartandeau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maartandeau</a> (April–November 1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Reynaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Reynaud (bladsy bestaan nie)">Reynaud</a> (November 1938–Maart 1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Lamoureux_(Frankryk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Lamoureux (Frankryk) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lamoureux</a> (Maart–Junie 1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy-Frankryk" title="Vichy-Frankryk">Vichy-Frankryk</a><br />(1940–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Bouthillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Bouthillier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bouthillier</a> (1940–1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Cathala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Cathala (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cathala</a> (1942–1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vrye_Frankryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrye Frankryk">Vrye Frankryk</a><br />(1941–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Pleven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Pleven (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pleven</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Diethelm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Diethelm (bladsy bestaan nie)">Diethelm</a> (1942–Junie 1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Couve_de_Murville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Couve de Murville (bladsy bestaan nie)">Couve de Murville</a> (Junie–November 1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mendès France (bladsy bestaan nie)">France</a> (November 1943–September 1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voorlopige_Regering_van_die_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voorlopige Regering van die Franse Republiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Voorlopige Regering</a><br />(1944–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aim%C3%A9_Lepercq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aimé Lepercq (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lepercq</a> (September–November 1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Pleven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Pleven (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pleven</a> (November 1944–Januarie 1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Philip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Philip (bladsy bestaan nie)">Philip</a> (Januarie–Junie 1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schuman</a> (Junie–Oktober 1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vierde_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vierde Franse Republiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vierde Republiek</a><br />(1946–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schuman</a> (Oktober–Desember 1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Philip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Philip (bladsy bestaan nie)">Philip</a> (Desember 1946–Januarie 1947)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schuman</a> (Januarie–November 1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Meier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Meier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Meier</a> (November 1947–Julie 1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Reynaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Reynaud (bladsy bestaan nie)">Reynaud</a> (Julie–September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Pineau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Pineau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pineau</a> (5 September–11 September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Queuille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Queuille (bladsy bestaan nie)">Queuille</a> (September 1948–Januarie 1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Petsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Petsche (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petsche</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Meier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Meier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Meier</a> (1951–Januarie 1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Faure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Faure (bladsy bestaan nie)">Faure</a> (Januarie–Maart 1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Pinay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Pinay (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pinay</a> (Maart 1952–Januarie 1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bourgès-Maunoury</a> (Januarie–Junie 1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Faure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Faure (bladsy bestaan nie)">Faure</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Buron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Buron (bladsy bestaan nie)">Buron</a> (Januarie–Februarie 1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Pflimlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Pflimlin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pflimlin</a> (Februarie 1955–Februarie 1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Lacoste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Lacoste (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lacoste</a> (1 Februarie–14 Februarie 1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ramadier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ramadier (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ramadier</a> (Februarie 1956–Junie 1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix Gaillard (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaillard</a> (Junie–November 1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Pflimlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Pflimlin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pflimlin</a> (November 1957–Mei 1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Faure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Faure (bladsy bestaan nie)">Faure</a> (Mei–Junie 1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Pinay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Pinay (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pinay</a> (Junie–Oktober 1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyfde_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyfde Franse Republiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vyfde Republiek</a><br />(1958–nou)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Pinay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Pinay (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pinay</a> (Oktober 1958–1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Baumgartner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Baumgartner (bladsy bestaan nie)">Baumgartner</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Debr%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Debré (bladsy bestaan nie)">Debré</a> (1966–Mei 1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Couve_de_Murville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Couve de Murville (bladsy bestaan nie)">Couve de Murville</a> (Mei–Julie 1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François-Xavier Ortoli (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ortoli</a> (Julie 1968–Junie 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Fourcade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Fourcade (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fourcade</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Barre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Barre (bladsy bestaan nie)">Barre</a> (1976–1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Monory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Monory (bladsy bestaan nie)">Monory</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Delors</a> (1981–1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Bérégovoy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bérégovoy</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Balladur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Balladur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Balladur</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Bérégovoy (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bérégovoy</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Sapin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Sapin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sapin</a> (1992–1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmond_Alphand%C3%A9ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmond Alphandéry (bladsy bestaan nie)">Alphandéry</a> (1993–Mei 1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Madelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Madelin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Madelin</a> (Mei–Augustus 1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Arthuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Arthuis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Arthuis</a> (Augustus 1995–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Strauss-Kahn</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Sautter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Sautter (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sautter</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Fabius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Fabius (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fabius</a> (2000–2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Mer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Mer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mer</a> (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a> (Maart–November 2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herv%C3%A9_Gaymard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hervé Gaymard (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaymard</a> (November 2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_Breton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Breton (bladsy bestaan nie)">Breton</a> (2005–Mei 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Borloo</a> (Mei–Junie 2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_Lagarde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine Lagarde (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lagarde</a> (Junie 2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Baroin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Baroin</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Moscovici (bladsy bestaan nie)">Moscovici</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Sapin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Sapin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sapin</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Le_Maire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Le Maire (bladsy bestaan nie)">Le Maire</a> (2017–nou)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15981&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15981&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15981" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90750156">90750156</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1116168">XX1116168</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12084053n">cb12084053n</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12084053n">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biografisch_Portaal" title="Biografisch Portaal">BPN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/92270102">92270102</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04406969?l=en">DA04406969</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118611631">118611631</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IMDb" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm1588062">nm1588062</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000108927941">0000 0001 0892 7941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50003164">n50003164</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000039022&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000039022</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/20e76e83-c744-4ee2-a53a-12cc6593e732">20e76e83-c744-4ee2-a53a-12cc6593e732</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582193">10582193</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00525989">00525989</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701624&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20000701624</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35681226">35681226</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000400475&local_base=nlx10">000400475</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLP id a0000001184255 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000238979&local_base=nsk10">000238979</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071197451">071197451</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A010147892">02-A010147892</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The SBN id SBLV149999 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z614hb">w6z614hb</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029156238">029156238</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1039949">1039949</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44324229">44324229</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/44324229">44324229</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" 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