CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-gb" dir="ltr"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="description" content="WIT Conferences 2014: 7th International Conference on High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials – Post Conference Report"> <meta name="generator" content="Joomla! - Open Source Content Management"> <title>HPSM/OPTI 2014</title> <link href="/media/system/images/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon"> <link href="https://www.wessex.ac.uk/component/finder/search?format=opensearch&Itemid=1950" rel="search" title="OpenSearch Wessex Institute" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"> <link href="/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link href="/media/templates/site/wessex/css/global/screen.css?f891e31770ff77f518dd82b1eedf8dc3" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" /> <link href="/media/templates/site/wessex/css/global/print.css?f891e31770ff77f518dd82b1eedf8dc3" rel="stylesheet" media="print" /> <link href="/media/vendor/awesomplete/css/awesomplete.css?1.1.5" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/media/mod_rssocial/css/rssocial-font.css?f891e31770ff77f518dd82b1eedf8dc3" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/media/mod_rssocial/css/rssocial-anim.css?f891e31770ff77f518dd82b1eedf8dc3" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/media/mod_rssocial/css/rssocial.css?f891e31770ff77f518dd82b1eedf8dc3" rel="stylesheet" /> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-icons-sharing > li { font-size: 16px; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-icons-sharing .rssocial-caption > a { font-size: 14px; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link:hover { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link { background-color: rgba(37, 74, 140, 0.75); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link:hover { background-color: rgba(37, 74, 140, 0.5); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-caption > a { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-caption > a:hover { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-caption { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2443 .rssocial-caption:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-icons > li { font-size: 16px; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-icons .rssocial-caption > a { font-size: 14px; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link:hover { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link { background-color: rgba(158, 172, 204, 0.75); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-icons-bg .rssocial-link:hover { background-color: rgba(158, 172, 204, 0.5); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-caption > a { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-caption > a:hover { color: #ffffff; }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-caption { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); }</style> <style>#rssocial-2441 .rssocial-caption:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }</style> <script src="/media/vendor/jquery/js/jquery.min.js?3.7.1"></script> <script src="/media/legacy/js/jquery-noconflict.min.js?647005fc12b79b3ca2bb30c059899d5994e3e34d"></script> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"joomla.jtext":{"MOD_FINDER_SEARCH_VALUE":"Search …","JLIB_JS_AJAX_ERROR_OTHER":"An error has occurred while fetching the JSON data: HTTP %s status code.","JLIB_JS_AJAX_ERROR_PARSE":"A parse error has occurred while processing the following JSON data:<br><code style=\"color:inherit;white-space:pre-wrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;background:inherit;\">%s<\/code>"},"finder-search":{"url":"\/component\/finder\/?task=suggestions.suggest&format=json&tmpl=component&Itemid=1950"},"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.wessex.ac.uk\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.wessex.ac.uk\/"},"csrf.token":"3a441fc8bd5e6f30e45ad320e9a341e0"}</script> <script src="/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="/media/vendor/webcomponentsjs/js/webcomponents-bundle.min.js?2.8.0" nomodule defer></script> <script src="/media/com_finder/js/finder-es5.min.js?e6d3d1f535e33b5641e406eb08d15093e7038cc2" nomodule defer></script> <script src="/media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail-es5.min.js?b2c8377606bb898b64d21e2d06c6bb925371b9c3" nomodule defer></script> <script src="/media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail.min.js?065992337609bf436e2fedbcbdc3de1406158b97" type="module"></script> <script src="/media/vendor/awesomplete/js/awesomplete.min.js?1.1.5" defer></script> <script src="/media/com_finder/js/finder.min.js?a2c3894d062787a266d59d457ffba5481b639f64" type="module"></script> <script src="https://cdn.gtranslate.net/widgets/latest/flags.js" data-gt-orig-url="/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014" data-gt-orig-domain="www.wessex.ac.uk" data-gt-widget-id="2442" defer></script> <script src="/media/mod_rssocial/js/rssocial.js?f891e31770ff77f518dd82b1eedf8dc3"></script> <script>window.gtranslateSettings = window.gtranslateSettings || {};window.gtranslateSettings['1379'] = {"default_language":"en","languages":["en","fr","de","it","es"],"url_structure":"none","wrapper_selector":".gtranslate_wrapper ","globe_size":60,"flag_size":24,"flag_style":"2d","custom_domains":null,"float_switcher_open_direction":"top","switcher_open_direction":"top","native_language_names":1,"add_new_line":1,"select_language_label":"Select Language","detect_browser_language":0,"custom_css":"","alt_flags":[],"switcher_horizontal_position":"left","switcher_vertical_position":"bottom","horizontal_position":"inline","vertical_position":"inline"};</script> <script>window.gtranslateSettings = window.gtranslateSettings || {};window.gtranslateSettings['2442'] = {"default_language":"en","languages":["en","ar","zh-CN","fr","de","it","es"],"url_structure":"none","wrapper_selector":"#gt-wrapper-2442","globe_size":60,"flag_size":24,"flag_style":"2d","custom_domains":null,"float_switcher_open_direction":"top","switcher_open_direction":"top","native_language_names":1,"add_new_line":1,"select_language_label":"Select Language","detect_browser_language":0,"custom_css":"","alt_flags":[],"switcher_horizontal_position":"right","switcher_vertical_position":"bottom","horizontal_position":"inline","vertical_position":"inline"};</script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($){ $(document).ready(function(){ $('ul.dropdown-menu [data-toggle=dropdown]').on('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); event.stopPropagation(); $(this).parent().siblings().removeClass('open'); $(this).parent().toggleClass('open'); }); if (window.location.hash){ setTimeout(function() { window.scrollTo(0, 0); }, 1); jQuery('#articleTabs a[href="' + window.location.hash + '"]').tab('show'); } }); })(jQuery); </script> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-7714662-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script language='javascript' type='text/javascript'> /** Simple Cookie Prompt Idea: @panda_doodle - Coded: @michaelw90 Edited by: M Leonard - Wessex Institute of Technology **/ var cPrompt = { cookie: false, message: 'To improve our website services we use cookies in a responsible manner. Please notice that by continuing to browse this site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.', cookieLink: '', prompt: [], p: null, init: function(){ this.prompt = ['background: url(data:image/png;base64,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) no-repeat 8px center; color: #5694b1; border-color: #9ac9df; background-color: #d8ecf5; padding: 10px 10px 10px 40px;', this.message + (this.cookieLink != ''? "You can find out how and why we use cookies in our <a style='color: #5694b1; font-weight: bold;' href='" + this.cookieLink + "'>cookie policy</a>." : '')]; var cookie = this.checkCookie(); if(((cookie == 1) && !document.cookie.match(/cookies_promptHidden=/)) || (cookie != 1)){ this.saveCookie('promptShown', 1); this.loadPrompt(); this.p = document.getElementById('cookie_prompt'); } }, checkCookie: function(){ if(this.cookie === false){ if(!document.cookie.match(/cookies_promptShown=/)){ this.cookie = 1; }else if(document.cookie.match(/cookies_promptShown=(\d)($|;)/)){ this.cookie = parseInt(RegExp.$1); } } return this.cookie; }, loadPrompt: function(){ var h = document.createElement('div'); with(h){ innerHTML = "<a style='float: right; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; margin-left: 5px;' onclick='cPrompt.hidePrompt(event)'>X</a>" + this.prompt[1]; style.cssText = 'font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; border: solid 1px; border-left: solid 3px;' + this.prompt[0]; className = 'cookie_box'; id = 'cookie_prompt'; } var b = document.body; b.insertBefore(h, b.firstChild); }, saveCookie: function(c, v){ document.cookie = "cookies_" + c + "=" + v + ";expires=" + (new Date()).toGMTString().replace(/\d{4}/, '2050'); }, hidePrompt: function(e){ if(e != null){ this.saveCookie('promptHidden', 1); } this.p.style.display = 'none'; } } if(document.addEventListener){ document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(){ cPrompt.init(); }, false); }else if(document.attachEvent){ document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", function(){ if(document.readyState === "complete"){ cPrompt.init(); } }); }; </script> </head> <body class="site com_content wrapper-static view-article no-layout no-task itemid-3845"> <div class="container wessex-header"> <div class="row hidden-xs"> <div class="col-sm-7 col-md-8 col-lg-9"> <div class="header-left"> <div id="mod-custom1233" class="mod-custom custom"> <p><a href="/"><img src="/images/Wessex_Logo.png" alt="Wessex Logo" /></a></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-lg-3"> <div class="header-right"> <div id="rssocial-2441" class="rssocial-container no-right-margin rssocial-inline rssocial-right "> <ul id="rssocial-ul-2441" class="rssocial-icons rssocial-icons-bg rssocial-icons-round"> <li> <a id="rssocial-facebook-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/witconferences"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-facebook"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-x-twitter-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.twitter.com/wessexinstitute"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-x-twitter"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-linkedin-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/wessex-institute-of-technology"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-linkedin"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-youtube-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ822KoE9t-6PjL35g6FLJQ/videos"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-youtube"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-pinterest-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://uk.pinterest.com/wessexinstitute/"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-pinterest"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="rssocial-clear"></div> <div class="gtranslate_wrapper" id="gt-wrapper-2442"></div> <form class="mod-finder js-finder-searchform form-search" action="/component/finder/search?Itemid=1950" method="get" role="search"> <label for="mod-finder-searchword2439" class="visually-hidden finder">Search</label><div class="mod-finder__search input-group"><input type="text" name="q" id="mod-finder-searchword2439" class="js-finder-search-query form-control" value="" placeholder="Search …"><button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit"><span class="icon-search icon-white" aria-hidden="true"></span> Search</button></div> <input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="1950"></form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="main_menu"> <ul class="nav_level-1 hidden-xs"> <li class="item1950"><a href="/" >Home</a></li><li class="selected parent item2158"><a href="https://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences" >WIT Conferences</a></li><li class="item5313"><a href="/courses" >Courses</a></li><li class="item5868"><a href="/archive" >Archive</a></li><li class="item5311"><a href="/research" >Research</a></li><li class="item5308"><a href="/research-studies" >Research Studies</a></li><li class="item5583"><a href="/prigogine-award" >Prigogine Award</a></li><li class="item5316"><a href="/about" >About</a></li><li class="item1246"><a href="/news" >News</a></li><li class="item2476"><a href="/contact" >Contact Us</a></li></ul><ul class="nav_level-2 hidden-xs"><li class="parent item6068 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2025" >2025</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2025/susi-2025" >SUSI 2025</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2025/hpsm-2025" >HPSM/OPTI 2025</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2025/eres-2025" >ERES 2025</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item6036 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2024" >2024</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2024/sustainable-development-and-planning-2024" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2024</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2024/sustainable-tourism-2024" >Sustainable Tourism 2024</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2024/bem-mrm-47" >BEM/MRM 47</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5997 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2023" >2023</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2023/energy-and-sustainability-2023" >Energy and Sustainability 2023</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2023/bem-mrm-46" >BEM/MRM 46</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5914 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2022" >2022</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2022/energy-production-and-management-2022" >Energy Production and Management 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/bem-mrm-45" >BEM/MRM 45</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/sustainable-tourism-2022" >Sustainable Tourism 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/waste-management-and-environmental-impact-2022" >Waste Management and Environmental Impact 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/sustainable-development-and-planning-2022" >Sustainable Development and planning 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/air-and-water-pollution-2022" >Air and Water Pollution 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/friar-2022" >FRIAR 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/hpsm-opti-susi-2022" >HPSM/OPTI/SUSI 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/eco-architecture-2022" >Eco-Architecture 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/islamic-heritage-2022" >Islamic Heritage 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/urban-and-maritime-transport-2022" >Urban and Maritime Transport 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/comprail-2022" >COMPRAIL 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/sustainable-city-2022" >Sustainable City 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/risk-safe-2022" >RISK/SAFE 2022</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5819 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2021" >2021</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2021/sustainable-water-resources-management-2021" >Sustainable Water Resources Management 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/water-and-society-2021" >Water and Society 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/cmem-2021" >CMEM 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/eres-2021" >ERES 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/stremah-2021" >STREMAH 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/bem-mrm-44" >BEM/MRM 44</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/urban-and-maritime-transport-2021" >Urban and Maritime Transport 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/afm-mpf-2021" >AFM/MPF 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/materials-characterisation-2021" >Materials Characterisation 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/sustainable-city-2021" >Sustainable City 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/energy-and-sustainability-2021" >Energy and Sustainability 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/air-pollution-2021" >Air Pollution 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/bim-2021" >BIM 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/safe-2021" >SAFE 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/disaster-management-2021" >Disaster Management 2021</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5755 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2020" >2020</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2020/air-pollution-2020" >Air Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/islamic-heritage-2020" >Islamic Heritage 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/environmental-impact-2020" >Environmental Impact 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/energy-production-and-management-2020" >Energy Production and Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/susi-2020" >SUSI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/risk-analysis-2020" >Risk Analysis 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/comprail-2020" >COMPRAIL 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/waste-management-2020" >Waste Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-tourism-2020" >Sustainable Tourism 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/afm-2020" >AFM 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/hpsm-opti-2020" >HPSM/OPTI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/eco-architecture-2020" >Eco-Architecture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-transport-2020" >Urban Transport 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-development-and-planning-2020" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-growth-2020" >Urban Growth 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-city-2020" >Sustainable City 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/friar-2020" >FRIAR 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-agriculture-2020" >Urban Agriculture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/water-pollution-2020" >Water Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/bem-43" >BEM/MRM 43</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5673 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2019" >2019</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-resources-management-2019" >Water Resources Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/river-basin-management-2019" >River Basin Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/multiphase-flow-2019" >Multiphase Flow 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/materials-characterisation-2019" >Materials Characterisation 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/cmem-2019" >CMEM 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/eres-2019" >ERES 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/urban-transport-2019" >Urban Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/air-pollution-2019" >Air Pollution 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bem-42" >BEM/MRM 42</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/energy-and-sustainability-2019" >Energy and Sustainability 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/maritime-transport-2019" >Maritime Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/coastal-cities-2019" >Coastal Cities 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/safe-2019" >SAFE 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/disaster-management-2019" >Disaster Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/sustainable-city-2019" >Sustainable City 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-and-society-2019" >Water and Society 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/stremah-2019" >STREMAH 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bim-2019" >BIM 2019</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5589 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2018" >2018</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2018/islamic-heritage-2018" >Islamic Heritage 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-tourism-2018" >Sustainable Tourism 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-growth-2018" >Urban Growth 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/complex-systems-2018" >Complex Systems 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/water-pollution-2018" >Water Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/friar-2018" >FRIAR 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/susi-2018" >SUSI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/risk-analysis-2018" >Risk Analysis 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/air-pollution-2018" >Air Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/environmental-impact-2018" >Environmental Impact 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/comprail-2018" >COMPRAIL 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/afm-2018" >AFM 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/hpsm-opti-2018" >HPSM/OPTI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-development-and-planning-2018" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/energy-quest-2018" >Energy Quest 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/bem-41" >BEM/MRM 41</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/waste-management-2018" >Waste Management 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-transport-2018" >Urban Transport 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/eco-architecture-2018" >Eco-Architecture 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-agriculture-2018" >Urban Agriculture 2018 </a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5512 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2017" >2017</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2017/coastal-cities-2017" >Coastal Cities 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/air-pollution-2017" >Air Pollution 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/ecosud-2017" >ECOSUD 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/stremah-2017" >STREMAH 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bim-2017" >BIM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/complex-systems-2017" >Complex Systems 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-and-society-2017" >Water and Society 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/disaster-management-2017" >Disaster Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/timber-structures-2017" >Timber Structures 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/multiphase-flow-2017" >Multiphase Flow 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/materials-characterisation-2017" >Materials Characterisation 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-development-and-planning-2017" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/cmem-2017" >CMEM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/eres-2017" >ERES 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-resources-management-2017" >Water Resources Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/river-basin-management-2017" >River Basin Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/urban-transport-2017" >Urban Transport 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/safe-2017" >SAFE 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bem-mrm-40" >BEM/MRM 40</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-city-2017" >Sustainable City 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/energy-and-sustainability-2017" >Energy and Sustainability 2017</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item4857 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2016" >2016</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2016/big-data-2016" >Big Data 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/defence-heritage-2016" >Defence Heritage 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/islamic-heritage-architecture-2016" >Islamic Heritage Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-tourism-2016" >Sustainable Tourism 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/susi-2016" >SUSI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/risk-analysis-2016" >Risk Analysis 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/complex-systems-2016" >Complex Systems 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/waste-management-2016" >Waste Management 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/environmental-impact-2016" >Environmental Impact 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/air-pollution-2016" >Air Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-transport-2016" >Urban Transport 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-water-2016" >Urban Water 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/water-pollution-2016" >Water Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/friar-2016" >FRIAR 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-city-2016" >Sustainable City 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/eco-architecture-2016" >Eco-Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/comprail-2016" >COMPRAIL 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/afm-2016" >AFM 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/energy-quest-2016" >Energy Quest 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/heat-transfer-2016" >Heat Transfer 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/design-and-nature-2016" >Design and Nature 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/hpsm-opti-2016" >HPSM/OPTI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/bem-mrm-39" >BEM/MRM 39</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/maras-2016" >MARAS 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-development-and-planning-2016" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2016</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item4348 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2015" >2015</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2015/multiphase-flow-2015" >Multiphase Flow 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/contact-and-surface-2015" >Contact and Surface 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/materials-characterisation-2015" >Materials Characterisation 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/cmem-2015" >CMEM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/safe-2015" >SAFE 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/complex-systems-2015" >Complex Systems 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-development-and-planning-2015" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/disaster-management-2015" >Disaster Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/air-pollution-2015" >Air Pollution 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/urban-transport-2015" >Urban Transport 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ecosud-2015" >ECOSUD 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-resources-management-2015" >Water Resources Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/river-basin-management-2015" >River Basin Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/eres-2015" >ERES 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ravage-of-the-planet-iv" >Ravage of the Planet IV</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/coastal-cities-2015" >Coastal Cities 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/stremah-2015" >STREMAH 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-and-society-2015" >Water and Society 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-city-2015" >Sustainable City 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/energy-and-sustainability-2015" >Energy and Sustainability 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bim-2015" >BIM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bem-mrm-38" >BEM/MRM 38</a></li></ul></li><li class="selected parent item3780 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2014" >2014</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-quest-2014" >Energy Quest 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/waste-management-2014" >Waste Management 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/environmental-impact-2014" >Environmental Impact 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/water-pollution-2014" >Water Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-water-2014" >Urban Water 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-transport-2014" >Urban Transport 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/susi-2014" >SUSI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/risk-analysis-2014" >Risk Analysis 2014</a></li><li id="current" class="selected"><a href="/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014" >HPSM/OPTI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/maras-2014" >MARAS 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-irrigation-2014" >Sustainable Irrigation 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/friar-2014" >FRIAR 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/comprail-2014" >COMPRAIL 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/afm-2014" >AFM 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/heat-transfer-2014" >Heat Transfer 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/air-pollution-2014" >Air Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-tourism-2014" >Sustainable Tourism 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/design-and-nature-2014" >Design and Nature 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/bemmrm-37" >BEM/MRM 37</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/defence-heritage-2014" >Defence Heritage 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-city-2014" >Sustainable City 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/eco-architecture-2014" >Eco-Architecture 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-and-sustainability-2014" >Energy and Sustainability 2014</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item3734 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2013" >2013</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2013/coastal-processes-2013" >Coastal Processes 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/fluid-structure-interaction-2013" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/food-and-environment-2013" >Food and Environment 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/environmental-health-risk-2013" >Environmental Health Risk 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/biomed-2013" >BIOMED 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/data-2013" >DATA 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-resources-management-2013" >Water Resources Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/river-basin-management-2013" >River Basin Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-development-and-planning-2013" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/urban-transport-2013" >Urban Transport 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/air-pollution-2013" >Air Pollution 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/materials-characterisation-2013" >Materials Characterisation 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/contact-and-surface-2013" >Contact and Surface 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bem-mrm-2013" >BEM / MRM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/ecosud-2013" >ECOSUD 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/energy-and-sustainability-2013" >Energy and Sustainability 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/stremah-2013" >STREMAH 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/cmem-2013" >CMEM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/multiphase-flow-2013" >Multiphase Flow 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/eres-2013" >ERES 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/disaster-management-2013" >Disaster Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-and-society-2013" >Water and Society 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/safe-2013" >SAFE 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bemmrm-36" >BEM/MRM 36</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-city-2013" >Sustainable City 2013</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item3735 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2012" >2012</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2012/urban-water-2012" >Urban Water 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/sustainable-city-2012" >Sustainable City 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/urban-transport-2012" >Urban Transport 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/airpollution-2012" >Air Pollution 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/forest-fires-2012" >Forest Fires 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/debris-flow-2012" >Debris Flow 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/friar-2012" >FRIAR 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/defence-sites-heritage-and-future-2012" >Defence Sites: Heritage and Future 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-designnature" >Design and Nature 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-sustourism" >Sustainable Tourism 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-hpsm" >HPSM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/opti-2012" >OPTI 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/bemmrm-2012" >BEM/MRM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/afm-2012" >AFM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/heat-transfer-2012" >Heat Transfer 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/environmental-impact-2012" >Environmental Impact 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/waste-management-2012" >Waste Management 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/water-pollution-2012" >Water Pollution 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/tribology-and-design-2012" >Tribology and Design 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/susi-2012" >SUSI 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/eco-architecture-2012" >Eco-Architecture 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/comprail-2012" >COMPRAIL 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/islands-2012" >Islands 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/risk-analysis-2012" >Risk Analysis 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/petroleum-2012" >Petroleum 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/sustainable-irrigation-2012" >Sustainable Irrigation 2012</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item2571 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2011" >2011</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2011/energy-2011" >Energy 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/ecosud-2011" >ECOSUD 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/coastalprocesses-2011" >Coastal Processes 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/fluidstructureinteraction-2011" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/disaster-management-2011" >Disaster Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/light-2011" >Light 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/waterresourcesmanagement-2011" >Water Resources Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/riverbasinmanagement-2011" >River Basin Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/cmem-2011" >CMEM 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/urbantransport-2011" >Urban Transport 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/materialscharacterisation-2011" >Materials Characterisation 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/multiphase-flow-2011" >Multiphase Flow 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/foodandenvironment-2011" >Food and Environment 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/bemmrm-2011" >BEM/MRM 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/safe-2011" >SAFE 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/sustainablechemistry-2011" >Sustainable Chemistry 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/sdp-2011" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/environmentalhealthrisk-2011" >Environmental Health Risk 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/biomed-2011" >BIOMED 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/stremah-2011" >STREMAH 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/eres-2011" >ERES 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/lakesustainability-2011" >Lake Sustainability 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/airpollution-2011" >Air Pollution 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/contact-and-surface-2011" >Contact and Surface 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/waterandsociety-2011" >Water and Society 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/ravageoftheplanet-2011" >Ravage of the Planet 2011</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item27 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2010" >2010</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2010/eco-architecture-2010" >Eco-Architecture 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/the-sustainable-city-2010" >The Sustainable City 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/islands-2010" >Islands 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/environmental-economics-2010" >Environmental Economics 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/environmental-toxicology-2010" >Environmental Toxicology 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/urban-transport-2010" >Urban Transport 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/tribology-and-design-2010" >Tribology and Design 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/debris-flow-2010" >Debris Flow 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/friar-2010" >FRIAR 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/sustainable-irrigation-2010" >Sustainable Irrigation 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/water-pollution-2010" >Water Pollution 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/air-pollution-2010" >Air Pollution 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/forest-fires-2010" >Forest Fires 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/design-and-nature-2010" >Design and Nature 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/sustainable-tourism-2010" >Sustainable Tourism 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/waste-management-2010" >Waste Management 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/heat-transfer-2010" >Heat Transfer 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/hpsm-2010" >HPSM 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/susi-2010" >SUSI 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/comprail-2010" >COMPRAIL 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/bem-mrm-32-2010" >BEM / MRM 32</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/risk-analysis-2010" >Risk Analysis 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/brownfields-2010" >Brownfields 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/afm-2010" >AFM 2010</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item1483 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2009" >2009</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2009/eres-2009" >ERES 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/sustainable-development-2009" >Sustainable Development 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/fluid-structure-interaction-2009" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/biomed-2009" >BIOMED 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/data-mining-2009" >Data Mining 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/opti-2009" >OPTI 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/contactsurface-2009" >Contact/Surface 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/cmem-2009" >CMEM 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/multiphase-flow-2009" >Multiphase Flow 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/materials-characterisation-2009" >Materials Characterisation 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/urban-transport-2009" >Urban Transport 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/energy-and-sustainability-2009" >Energy and Sustainability 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/electrocor-2009" >ELECTROCOR 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/safe-2009" >SAFE 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/ecosud-2009" >ECOSUD 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/air-pollution-2009" >Air Pollution 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/stremah-2009" >STREMAH 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/bemmrm-31-2009" >BEM/MRM 31</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/river-basin-management-2009" >River Basin Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/water-resources-management-2009" >Water Resources Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/coastal-processes-2009" >Coastal Processes 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/environmental-health-risk-2009" >Environmental Health Risk 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/disaster-management-2009" >Disaster Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/regional-airports-seminar-2009" >Regional Airports Seminar</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/ravage-of-the-planet-2009" >Ravage of the Planet 2009</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item731 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2008" >2008</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2008/risk-analysis-2008" >Risk Analysis 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/brownfields-2008" >Brownfields 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/hpsm-2008" >HPSM 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/susi-2008" >SUSI 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/coastal-environment-2008" >Coastal Environment 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/afm-2008" >AFM 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/data-mining-2008" >Data Mining 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/computational-finance-2008" >Computational Finance 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/environmental-economics-2008" >Environmental Economics 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/waste-management-2008" >Waste Management 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/environmental-toxicology-2008" >Environmental Toxicology 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/water-pollution-2008" >Water Pollution 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/sustainable-irrigation-2008" >Sustainable Irrigation 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/geo-environment-2008" >Geo-Environment 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/debris-flow-2008" >Debris Flow 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/eco-architecture-2008" >Eco-Architecture 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/design-and-nature-2008" >Design and Nature 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/friar-2008" >FRIAR 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/bemmrm-30-2008" >BEM/MRM 30</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/heat-transfer-2008" >Heat Transfer 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/urban-transport-2008" >Urban Transport 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/sustainable-tourism-2008" >Sustainable Tourism 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/underground-spaces-2008" >Underground Spaces 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/comprail-2008" >COMPRAIL 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/forest-fires-2008" >Forest Fires 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/air-pollution-2008" >Air Pollution 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/the-sustainable-city-2008" >The Sustainable City 2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse visible-xs-block"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#myNavbar"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Wessex Institute</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="myNavbar"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/" >Home</a></li><li class="active dropdown parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="#" >WIT Conferences</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2025" >2025</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2025/susi-2025" >SUSI 2025</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2025/hpsm-2025" >HPSM/OPTI 2025</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2025/eres-2025" >ERES 2025</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2024" >2024</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2024/sustainable-development-and-planning-2024" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2024</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2024/sustainable-tourism-2024" >Sustainable Tourism 2024</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2024/bem-mrm-47" >BEM/MRM 47</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2023" >2023</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2023/energy-and-sustainability-2023" >Energy and Sustainability 2023</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2023/bem-mrm-46" >BEM/MRM 46</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2022" >2022</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2022/energy-production-and-management-2022" >Energy Production and Management 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/bem-mrm-45" >BEM/MRM 45</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/sustainable-tourism-2022" >Sustainable Tourism 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/waste-management-and-environmental-impact-2022" >Waste Management and Environmental Impact 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/sustainable-development-and-planning-2022" >Sustainable Development and planning 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/air-and-water-pollution-2022" >Air and Water Pollution 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/friar-2022" >FRIAR 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/hpsm-opti-susi-2022" >HPSM/OPTI/SUSI 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/eco-architecture-2022" >Eco-Architecture 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/islamic-heritage-2022" >Islamic Heritage 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/urban-and-maritime-transport-2022" >Urban and Maritime Transport 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/comprail-2022" >COMPRAIL 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/sustainable-city-2022" >Sustainable City 2022</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2022/risk-safe-2022" >RISK/SAFE 2022</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2021" >2021</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2021/sustainable-water-resources-management-2021" >Sustainable Water Resources Management 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/water-and-society-2021" >Water and Society 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/cmem-2021" >CMEM 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/eres-2021" >ERES 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/stremah-2021" >STREMAH 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/bem-mrm-44" >BEM/MRM 44</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/urban-and-maritime-transport-2021" >Urban and Maritime Transport 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/afm-mpf-2021" >AFM/MPF 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/materials-characterisation-2021" >Materials Characterisation 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/sustainable-city-2021" >Sustainable City 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/energy-and-sustainability-2021" >Energy and Sustainability 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/air-pollution-2021" >Air Pollution 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/bim-2021" >BIM 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/safe-2021" >SAFE 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/disaster-management-2021" >Disaster Management 2021</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2020" >2020</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2020/air-pollution-2020" >Air Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/islamic-heritage-2020" >Islamic Heritage 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/environmental-impact-2020" >Environmental Impact 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/energy-production-and-management-2020" >Energy Production and Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/susi-2020" >SUSI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/risk-analysis-2020" >Risk Analysis 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/comprail-2020" >COMPRAIL 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/waste-management-2020" >Waste Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-tourism-2020" >Sustainable Tourism 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/afm-2020" >AFM 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/hpsm-opti-2020" >HPSM/OPTI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/eco-architecture-2020" >Eco-Architecture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-transport-2020" >Urban Transport 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-development-and-planning-2020" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-growth-2020" >Urban Growth 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-city-2020" >Sustainable City 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/friar-2020" >FRIAR 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-agriculture-2020" >Urban Agriculture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/water-pollution-2020" >Water Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/bem-43" >BEM/MRM 43</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2019" >2019</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-resources-management-2019" >Water Resources Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/river-basin-management-2019" >River Basin Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/multiphase-flow-2019" >Multiphase Flow 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/materials-characterisation-2019" >Materials Characterisation 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/cmem-2019" >CMEM 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/eres-2019" >ERES 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/urban-transport-2019" >Urban Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/air-pollution-2019" >Air Pollution 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bem-42" >BEM/MRM 42</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/energy-and-sustainability-2019" >Energy and Sustainability 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/maritime-transport-2019" >Maritime Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/coastal-cities-2019" >Coastal Cities 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/safe-2019" >SAFE 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/disaster-management-2019" >Disaster Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/sustainable-city-2019" >Sustainable City 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-and-society-2019" >Water and Society 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/stremah-2019" >STREMAH 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bim-2019" >BIM 2019</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2018" >2018</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2018/islamic-heritage-2018" >Islamic Heritage 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-tourism-2018" >Sustainable Tourism 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-growth-2018" >Urban Growth 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/complex-systems-2018" >Complex Systems 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/water-pollution-2018" >Water Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/friar-2018" >FRIAR 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/susi-2018" >SUSI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/risk-analysis-2018" >Risk Analysis 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/air-pollution-2018" >Air Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/environmental-impact-2018" >Environmental Impact 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/comprail-2018" >COMPRAIL 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/afm-2018" >AFM 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/hpsm-opti-2018" >HPSM/OPTI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-development-and-planning-2018" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/energy-quest-2018" >Energy Quest 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/bem-41" >BEM/MRM 41</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/waste-management-2018" >Waste Management 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-transport-2018" >Urban Transport 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/eco-architecture-2018" >Eco-Architecture 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-agriculture-2018" >Urban Agriculture 2018 </a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2017" >2017</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2017/coastal-cities-2017" >Coastal Cities 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/air-pollution-2017" >Air Pollution 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/ecosud-2017" >ECOSUD 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/stremah-2017" >STREMAH 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bim-2017" >BIM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/complex-systems-2017" >Complex Systems 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-and-society-2017" >Water and Society 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/disaster-management-2017" >Disaster Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/timber-structures-2017" >Timber Structures 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/multiphase-flow-2017" >Multiphase Flow 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/materials-characterisation-2017" >Materials Characterisation 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-development-and-planning-2017" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/cmem-2017" >CMEM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/eres-2017" >ERES 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-resources-management-2017" >Water Resources Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/river-basin-management-2017" >River Basin Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/urban-transport-2017" >Urban Transport 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/safe-2017" >SAFE 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bem-mrm-40" >BEM/MRM 40</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-city-2017" >Sustainable City 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/energy-and-sustainability-2017" >Energy and Sustainability 2017</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2016" >2016</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2016/big-data-2016" >Big Data 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/defence-heritage-2016" >Defence Heritage 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/islamic-heritage-architecture-2016" >Islamic Heritage Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-tourism-2016" >Sustainable Tourism 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/susi-2016" >SUSI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/risk-analysis-2016" >Risk Analysis 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/complex-systems-2016" >Complex Systems 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/waste-management-2016" >Waste Management 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/environmental-impact-2016" >Environmental Impact 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/air-pollution-2016" >Air Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-transport-2016" >Urban Transport 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-water-2016" >Urban Water 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/water-pollution-2016" >Water Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/friar-2016" >FRIAR 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-city-2016" >Sustainable City 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/eco-architecture-2016" >Eco-Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/comprail-2016" >COMPRAIL 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/afm-2016" >AFM 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/energy-quest-2016" >Energy Quest 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/heat-transfer-2016" >Heat Transfer 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/design-and-nature-2016" >Design and Nature 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/hpsm-opti-2016" >HPSM/OPTI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/bem-mrm-39" >BEM/MRM 39</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/maras-2016" >MARAS 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-development-and-planning-2016" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2016</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2015" >2015</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2015/multiphase-flow-2015" >Multiphase Flow 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/contact-and-surface-2015" >Contact and Surface 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/materials-characterisation-2015" >Materials Characterisation 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/cmem-2015" >CMEM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/safe-2015" >SAFE 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/complex-systems-2015" >Complex Systems 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-development-and-planning-2015" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/disaster-management-2015" >Disaster Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/air-pollution-2015" >Air Pollution 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/urban-transport-2015" >Urban Transport 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ecosud-2015" >ECOSUD 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-resources-management-2015" >Water Resources Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/river-basin-management-2015" >River Basin Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/eres-2015" >ERES 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ravage-of-the-planet-iv" >Ravage of the Planet IV</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/coastal-cities-2015" >Coastal Cities 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/stremah-2015" >STREMAH 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-and-society-2015" >Water and Society 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-city-2015" >Sustainable City 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/energy-and-sustainability-2015" >Energy and Sustainability 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bim-2015" >BIM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bem-mrm-38" >BEM/MRM 38</a></li></ul></li><li class="active dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2014" >2014</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-quest-2014" >Energy Quest 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/waste-management-2014" >Waste Management 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/environmental-impact-2014" >Environmental Impact 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/water-pollution-2014" >Water Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-water-2014" >Urban Water 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-transport-2014" >Urban Transport 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/susi-2014" >SUSI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/risk-analysis-2014" >Risk Analysis 2014</a></li><li class="current active"><a href="/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014" aria-current="page">HPSM/OPTI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/maras-2014" >MARAS 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-irrigation-2014" >Sustainable Irrigation 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/friar-2014" >FRIAR 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/comprail-2014" >COMPRAIL 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/afm-2014" >AFM 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/heat-transfer-2014" >Heat Transfer 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/air-pollution-2014" >Air Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-tourism-2014" >Sustainable Tourism 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/design-and-nature-2014" >Design and Nature 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/bemmrm-37" >BEM/MRM 37</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/defence-heritage-2014" >Defence Heritage 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-city-2014" >Sustainable City 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/eco-architecture-2014" >Eco-Architecture 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-and-sustainability-2014" >Energy and Sustainability 2014</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2013" >2013</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2013/coastal-processes-2013" >Coastal Processes 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/fluid-structure-interaction-2013" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/food-and-environment-2013" >Food and Environment 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/environmental-health-risk-2013" >Environmental Health Risk 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/biomed-2013" >BIOMED 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/data-2013" >DATA 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-resources-management-2013" >Water Resources Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/river-basin-management-2013" >River Basin Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-development-and-planning-2013" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/urban-transport-2013" >Urban Transport 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/air-pollution-2013" >Air Pollution 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/materials-characterisation-2013" >Materials Characterisation 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/contact-and-surface-2013" >Contact and Surface 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bem-mrm-2013" >BEM / MRM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/ecosud-2013" >ECOSUD 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/energy-and-sustainability-2013" >Energy and Sustainability 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/stremah-2013" >STREMAH 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/cmem-2013" >CMEM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/multiphase-flow-2013" >Multiphase Flow 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/eres-2013" >ERES 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/disaster-management-2013" >Disaster Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-and-society-2013" >Water and Society 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/safe-2013" >SAFE 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bemmrm-36" >BEM/MRM 36</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-city-2013" >Sustainable City 2013</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2012" >2012</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2012/urban-water-2012" >Urban Water 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/sustainable-city-2012" >Sustainable City 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/urban-transport-2012" >Urban Transport 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/airpollution-2012" >Air Pollution 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/forest-fires-2012" >Forest Fires 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/debris-flow-2012" >Debris Flow 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/friar-2012" >FRIAR 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/defence-sites-heritage-and-future-2012" >Defence Sites: Heritage and Future 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-designnature" >Design and Nature 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-sustourism" >Sustainable Tourism 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-hpsm" >HPSM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/opti-2012" >OPTI 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/bemmrm-2012" >BEM/MRM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/afm-2012" >AFM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/heat-transfer-2012" >Heat Transfer 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/environmental-impact-2012" >Environmental Impact 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/waste-management-2012" >Waste Management 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/water-pollution-2012" >Water Pollution 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/tribology-and-design-2012" >Tribology and Design 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/susi-2012" >SUSI 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/eco-architecture-2012" >Eco-Architecture 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/comprail-2012" >COMPRAIL 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/islands-2012" >Islands 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/risk-analysis-2012" >Risk Analysis 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/petroleum-2012" >Petroleum 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/sustainable-irrigation-2012" >Sustainable Irrigation 2012</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2011" >2011</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2011/energy-2011" >Energy 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/ecosud-2011" >ECOSUD 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/coastalprocesses-2011" >Coastal Processes 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/fluidstructureinteraction-2011" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/disaster-management-2011" >Disaster Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/light-2011" >Light 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/waterresourcesmanagement-2011" >Water Resources Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/riverbasinmanagement-2011" >River Basin Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/cmem-2011" >CMEM 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/urbantransport-2011" >Urban Transport 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/materialscharacterisation-2011" >Materials Characterisation 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/multiphase-flow-2011" >Multiphase Flow 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/foodandenvironment-2011" >Food and Environment 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/bemmrm-2011" >BEM/MRM 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/safe-2011" >SAFE 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/sustainablechemistry-2011" >Sustainable Chemistry 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/sdp-2011" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/environmentalhealthrisk-2011" >Environmental Health Risk 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/biomed-2011" >BIOMED 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/stremah-2011" >STREMAH 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/eres-2011" >ERES 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/lakesustainability-2011" >Lake Sustainability 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/airpollution-2011" >Air Pollution 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/contact-and-surface-2011" >Contact and Surface 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/waterandsociety-2011" >Water and Society 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/ravageoftheplanet-2011" >Ravage of the Planet 2011</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2010" >2010</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2010/eco-architecture-2010" >Eco-Architecture 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/the-sustainable-city-2010" >The Sustainable City 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/islands-2010" >Islands 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/environmental-economics-2010" >Environmental Economics 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/environmental-toxicology-2010" >Environmental Toxicology 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/urban-transport-2010" >Urban Transport 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/tribology-and-design-2010" >Tribology and Design 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/debris-flow-2010" >Debris Flow 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/friar-2010" >FRIAR 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/sustainable-irrigation-2010" >Sustainable Irrigation 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/water-pollution-2010" >Water Pollution 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/air-pollution-2010" >Air Pollution 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/forest-fires-2010" >Forest Fires 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/design-and-nature-2010" >Design and Nature 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/sustainable-tourism-2010" >Sustainable Tourism 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/waste-management-2010" >Waste Management 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/heat-transfer-2010" >Heat Transfer 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/hpsm-2010" >HPSM 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/susi-2010" >SUSI 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/comprail-2010" >COMPRAIL 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/bem-mrm-32-2010" >BEM / MRM 32</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/risk-analysis-2010" >Risk Analysis 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/brownfields-2010" >Brownfields 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/afm-2010" >AFM 2010</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2009" >2009</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2009/eres-2009" >ERES 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/sustainable-development-2009" >Sustainable Development 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/fluid-structure-interaction-2009" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/biomed-2009" >BIOMED 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/data-mining-2009" >Data Mining 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/opti-2009" >OPTI 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/contactsurface-2009" >Contact/Surface 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/cmem-2009" >CMEM 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/multiphase-flow-2009" >Multiphase Flow 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/materials-characterisation-2009" >Materials Characterisation 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/urban-transport-2009" >Urban Transport 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/energy-and-sustainability-2009" >Energy and Sustainability 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/electrocor-2009" >ELECTROCOR 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/safe-2009" >SAFE 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/ecosud-2009" >ECOSUD 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/air-pollution-2009" >Air Pollution 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/stremah-2009" >STREMAH 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/bemmrm-31-2009" >BEM/MRM 31</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/river-basin-management-2009" >River Basin Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/water-resources-management-2009" >Water Resources Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/coastal-processes-2009" >Coastal Processes 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/environmental-health-risk-2009" >Environmental Health Risk 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/disaster-management-2009" >Disaster Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/regional-airports-seminar-2009" >Regional Airports Seminar</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/ravage-of-the-planet-2009" >Ravage of the Planet 2009</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2008" >2008</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2008/risk-analysis-2008" >Risk Analysis 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/brownfields-2008" >Brownfields 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/hpsm-2008" >HPSM 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/susi-2008" >SUSI 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/coastal-environment-2008" >Coastal Environment 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/afm-2008" >AFM 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/data-mining-2008" >Data Mining 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/computational-finance-2008" >Computational Finance 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/environmental-economics-2008" >Environmental Economics 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/waste-management-2008" >Waste Management 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/environmental-toxicology-2008" >Environmental Toxicology 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/water-pollution-2008" >Water Pollution 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/sustainable-irrigation-2008" >Sustainable Irrigation 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/geo-environment-2008" >Geo-Environment 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/debris-flow-2008" >Debris Flow 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/eco-architecture-2008" >Eco-Architecture 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/design-and-nature-2008" >Design and Nature 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/friar-2008" >FRIAR 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/bemmrm-30-2008" >BEM/MRM 30</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/heat-transfer-2008" >Heat Transfer 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/urban-transport-2008" >Urban Transport 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/sustainable-tourism-2008" >Sustainable Tourism 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/underground-spaces-2008" >Underground Spaces 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/comprail-2008" >COMPRAIL 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/forest-fires-2008" >Forest Fires 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/air-pollution-2008" >Air Pollution 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/the-sustainable-city-2008" >The Sustainable City 2008</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/courses" >Courses</a></li><li><a href="/archive" >Archive</a></li><li><a href="/research" >Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-studies" >Research Studies</a></li><li><a href="/prigogine-award" >Prigogine Award</a></li><li><a href="/about" >About</a></li><li><a href="/news" >News</a></li><li><a href="/contact" >Contact Us</a></li></ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container wessex-main"> <div class="row"> <div class="cols-xs-12 col-md-3 reduce-pad col-md-push-9"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="column-right"> <div class="right-menu card menu"> <h3 class="card-header ">HPSM/OPTI 2014</h3> <div class="card-body"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked" > <li class="item-4813"><a href="http://www.witpress.com/978-1-84564-774-2.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Conference Proceedings on the WITPress Website</a></li><li class="item-4814"><a href="http://library.witpress.com/pages/listPapers.asp?q_bid=644" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Conference Papers on the WIT eLibrary</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <div class="column-right"> <div class="right no-card text-center"> <h3 >Share</h3> <div id="rssocial-2443" class="rssocial-container text-center rssocial-inline rssocial-center "> <ul id="rssocial-ul-2443" class="rssocial-icons-sharing rssocial-icons-bg rssocial-icons-round"> <li> <a id="rssocial-facebook-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-facebook"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-x-twitter-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-x-twitter"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-linkedin-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-linkedin"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a id="rssocial-whatsapp-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-whatsapp"></span> </a> </li> <li> <script async defer src="//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js"></script> <a id="rssocial-pinterest-icon" class="rssocial-link push" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/" data-pin-do="buttonBookmark" data-pin-custom="true"> <span class="rssocial-icon rssocial-icon-pinterest"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="rssocial-clear"></div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">Organisers</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom806" class="mod-custom custom"> <table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"><img hspace="0" height="30" border="0" width="26" vspace="0" alt="jos_logo.jpg" src="/images/conferences/jos_logo.jpg" /></td> <td>Wessex Institute of Technology, UK</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">University of A Coruña, Spain</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">Sponsors</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom807" class="mod-custom custom"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"><img src="/images/conferences/jos_logo.jpg" alt="jos_logo.jpg" vspace="0" width="26" border="0" height="30" hspace="0" /></td> <td>WIT Transactions on the Built Environment</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">Conference Chairmen</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom805" class="mod-custom custom"> <div><strong>W P De Wilde</strong></div> <div>Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium</div> <div><br /><strong>S Hernandez</strong></div> <div>University of A Coruna, Spain</div> <div><br /><strong>C A Brebbia</strong></div> <div>Wessex Institute of Technology, UK</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">International Scientific Advisory Committee</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom803" class="mod-custom custom"> <p><strong>V Andreev</strong><br /> Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russia <br /><br /><strong>H Azegami</strong><br /> Nagoya University, Japan <br /><br /><strong>R Derksen</strong><br /> University of Manitoba, Canada <br /><br /><strong>N de Temmerman</strong><br /> Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium <br /><br /><strong>I Doltsinis</strong><br /> University of Stuttgart, Germany <br /><br /><strong>T Katayama</strong><br />Doshisha University, Japan<br /><br /><strong>E Kita</strong><br /> Nagoya University, Japan <br /><br /><strong>S Kravanja</strong><br /> University of Maribor, Slovenia <br /><br /><strong>A Maheri</strong><br /> Northumbria University, UK <br /><br /><strong>F Navarrina</strong><br /> University of A Coruña, Spain <br /><br /><strong>P Prochazka</strong><br /> Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic <br /><br /><strong>E Schnack</strong><br />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany<br /><br /><strong>M Sejnoha</strong><br /> Czech Technical University, Czech Republic <br /><br /><strong>S Syngellakis</strong><br /> Wessex Institute of Technology, UK <br /><br /><strong>H Takagi</strong><br /> University of Tokushima, Japan<br /><br /><strong>K Takemura</strong><br />Kanagawa University, Japan<br /><br /><strong>I Takewaki</strong><br />Kyoto University, Japan<br /><br /><strong>K Tanaka</strong><br />Doshisha University, Japan</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cols-xs-12 col-md-9 col-md-pull-3"> <div class="main-content"> <div class="com-content-article item-page" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en-GB"> <div itemprop="articleBody" class="com-content-article__body"> <h1>HPSM/OPTI 2014</h1> <h2>The 2014 International Conference on High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials</h2> <p><img style="float: right;" src="/images/conferences/2008/pcr_images/pcr2.jpg" alt="pcr.jpg" width="350" height="33" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" /></p> <h3>9-11 June 2014<br />Ostend, Belgium</h3> <h2> Overview</h2> <p><img style="margin: 4px; float: right;" src="/images/conferences/2014/covers/HPSM_14_200x250.jpg" alt="HPSM/OPTI 2014" width="200" height="250" /></p> <p>The 7<sup>th</sup> International Conference on High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials (HPSM) recently took place in Ostend, Belgium. The meeting incorporated the seminar on Optimum Design in Engineering (OPTI) and was organised by the University of Brussels, the University of La Coruña and the Wessex Institute.</p> <p>Some 125 years ago, the Paris World Exhibition of 1889, commemorating the anniversary of the French Revolution, unveiled the Eiffel Tower, proof of the new possibilities offered by improved performances of construction materials and the “natural design” methodology introduced by Gustave Eiffel. The latter profited from a then dramatic development of the “mechanics of materials and structures”, as a consequence of new needs introduced by the industrial revolution. As this change in the city landscape was obvious in Europe, most towns saw an explosive growth of its cities; the famous “skyscraper”, so celebrated by Louis Sullivan, compensated by the lack of space in the cities, was developed as an answer to “new challenges”, ie the construction in the vertical direction, and also in the circulation, the latter being solved with the invention of the elevator by Elisha Otis.</p> <p>More recently, during the nineties and with the coming change of the century, the “Millennium” obsession set in, again not in the least in the world of structural engineering; every significant town in the world wanted its own landmark construction, commemorating the symbolic date of 2000.</p> <p>Those were the years of great creativity and those constructions now stand as witness of civil and structural engineering skills. They benefited from an improved technical collaboration between the designers, the engineers and the constructors, principally due to the developments in the field of calculation and construction tools, but also due to the possibility of creating lightweight, high rise and long span structures.</p> <p>Another reason for the dramatic changes taking place during the last twenty years is the evolution in technical awareness, the building team in its entirety is nowadays convinced that they should be accountable for the totality of the “design, build, operate, maintain and permanently recycle components and materials” process in which they participate.</p> <p>The construction industry is one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas production, energy consumption – including embedded energy – and also in waste production. These should be compensated by a constant search for durability of adapted solutions through the development of “sustainable design”.</p> <p>During the whole design and build process, a continuous need is felt to “optimise” the construction and this process is today present at the first stage of conceptual design. Important efforts are thus made to include optimisation techniques during the preliminary design phase. Additionally, modern tools nowadays also allow for the simulation of the whole life cycle of a construction.</p> <p>The HPSM series of conferences originated in Seville in 2002 and continued in Ancona (2004), Ostend (2006), The Algarve (2008), Tallinn (2010) and the New Forest, home of the Wessex Institute in 2012. The Computer Aided Optimum Design in Engineering (OPTI) seminars have an even older trajectory, they started in Southampton in 1989 and reconvened thereafter in Boston (1991); Zaragoza (1993); Miami (1995); Rome (1997); Orlando (1999); Bologna (2001); Detroit (2003); Skiathos (2005); Myrtle Beach (2007); The Algarve (2009) and the New Forest (2012).</p> <p>It was felt appropriate to bring together these two prestigious meetings to stress the importance of design optimisation to achieve the best performance of structures and material systems. The first conference brought together people from academia and industry involved with design, manufacture, testing and optimisation of challenging structures and innovative materials using the most up to date technologies.</p> <h2> Opening of the Conference</h2> <p>The Conference was opened by Prof Carlos A Brebbia who referred to the core objective of the Wessex Institute, to act as a link for transfer of scientific information at an international level.</p> <p>Carlos explained that evolution of the original research on boundary elements originated at the Institute, converting the technique into a tool for industrial use. The resulting computer programmes continue to be developed as a result of the research being carried out by WIT from its New Forest campus. This research has led to a series of Boundary Element Software systems now being applied in the energy and aerospace industries, amongst others.</p> <p>The success of WIT industrial R & D activities is matched by the rapid growth of WIT Press, the publishing arm of the Institute. It publishes a substantial number of books each year, including those of the WIT Transactions. In addition, WIT Press has launched five journals and is planning to increase the number in the near future.</p> <p>Carlos stressed the importance of the conference programme in terms of interaction and developing joint research projects. Conference participants also provide important feedback to WIT which helps to put together an ever evolving conference programme.</p> <p>Finally, Carlos mentioned the importance of the Prigogine Medal, which is given every year to an important scientist whose work has been influenced by Ilya Prigogine, Nobel Prize Winner for Chemistry. Prigogine, although born in Russia, was educated and lived all his life in Belgium. His evolutionary systems theory has profound influence in a wide variety of sciences, including ecology and many others. He was an Honorary Chairman of one of WIT’s conferences and upon his death, WIT in association with the University of Siena, established a medal in his honour. This year the award will take place at the University of Siena, honouring a researcher who has been actively involved in studies related to the nature of water.</p> <p>Following Carlos’ remarks, Prof Patrick De Wilde, Co-Chairman of the conference, welcomed the delegates to Ostend, his home town. The town is renowned for its sandy beaches and attractive buildings developed at the time of Leopold II who made it his summer holiday location.</p> <p>Finally, Santiago Hernandez, also Co-Chair of the conference, explained the importance of the meeting and talked about its history, particularly that of the OPTI seminars, now incorporated into the HPSM conference.</p> <h2> Invited Presentations</h2> <p>A series of invited presentations enhanced the conference series:</p> <ul style="margin-top: 0cm;"> <li>“The application of differential evolution of HVAC optimization”, by Robert Derksen, University of Manitoba, Canada.</li> <li>“Atypical design optimisation of structures: case studies”, by Alireza Maheri, Northumbria University, UK.</li> <li>“Optimization of steel penstock in a bored tunnel”, by Stojan Kravanja, University of Maribor, Slovenia.</li> <li>“Heat transfer analyses of natural fibre composites”, by Hitoshi Takagi, University of Tokushima, Japan.</li> <li>“The effect of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of plain woven carbon reinforced composites using polypropylene”, by Kenichi Takemura, Kanagawa University, Japan.</li> <li>“Synergy between structural and architectural engineering: the point of view of the structural engineer”, by Patrick De Wilde, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.</li> <li>“Lightweight transformable structures: materialising the synergy between architectural and structural engineering”, by Niels De Temmerman, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.</li> <li>“Generalization of Michel’s solution of plane problem theory of elasticity in polar coordinates in the event of a radially inhomogenous body”, by Vladimir Andreev.</li> </ul> <h2> Special Seminars</h2> <p>There were two special seminars organised for the conference. The first of them by Prof Hitoshi Takagi and Tsutao Katayama, the former from the University of Tokushima and the latter from Doshisha University in Japan. In addition to Takagi’s paper on “Heat transfer analyses of natural fibre composites”, the other presentations included:</p> <ul style="margin-top: 0cm;"> <li>Fabrication and material characterisation of carbon nanotube verified polylactides</li> <li>Heating of carbon film reinforced thermolistic CRRTP dies using high frequency currents.</li> </ul> <p>The other special session, organised by Kenichi Takemura of Kanagawa University and Kazuto Tanaka of Doshisha University, Japan, consisted of a substantial number of papers in addition to Takemura’s own contribution on the mechanical properties of carbon reinforced composites. The papers covered the following topics:</p> <ul style="margin-top: 0cm;"> <li>“FEM analysis of a temperature distribution of CFRTP pipe mold with direct resistance heating”</li> <li>“CFRTP molding method of the three-dimensional shape by using direct resistance heating to carbon fiber”</li> <li>“Effect of the molecular weight of polycarbonate on the impact resistance of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites”</li> <li>“Evaluation of the interfacial and interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate made by a unidirectional sheet”</li> <li>“High-speed compression molding of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene”</li> <li>“Formability evaluation of carbon fiber NCF by a non-contact 3D strain measurement system and the effects of blank folder force on its formability”</li> <li>“The mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite with freezing after water absorption”</li> </ul> <h2> Conference Topics</h2> <p>The rest of the papers were classified into the following topics:</p> <ul style="margin-top: 0cm;"> <li>Material characterisation</li> <li>Experiments and numerical analysis</li> <li>Composite materials and structures</li> <li>Green composites</li> <li>Components for automotive applications</li> <li>Structural optimisation</li> <li>Optimisation problems</li> <li>Steel structures</li> <li>Timber structures</li> <li>Corrosion problems</li> <li>Surface modification</li> <li>Innovative techniques</li> <li>Heritage construction</li> <li>Sustainable solutions</li> </ul> <h2> Special Seminar</h2> <p>A special feature of the conference was the special seminar arranged on Wednesday morning with another WIT conference called Mobile, Adaptable and Rapidly Assembled Structures (MARAS) which highlighted some of the presentations of interest to both audiences.</p> <p>Prof Patrick de Wilde introduced the two keynote addresses in this special session dedicated to bringing together natural and structural scientists and architects, stressing the importance of interaction and collaboration.</p> <p>The first of the talks was given by Prof Lincy Pyl, from the Department of Mechanics and Material Construction, at the Free University of Brussels. She is a specialist in numerical modelling and steel structures. Her talk dealt with the synergy between structural and architectural engineering from the point of view of the structural engineer.</p> <p>Lincy discussed the requirements that both professions ought to consider for the conceptual design of any building in order to achieve the best design in terms not only of strength but also the typology most appropriate to the problem. Lincy showed a number of case studies where the importance of the collaboration between the structural engineer and the architect was clearly shown.</p> <p>The other keynote address was given by Prof Niels De Temmerman, also from the Free University of Brussels, who also spoke of the need to collaborate closely across different types of engineering (civil, structural, mechanical, electrical etc) and the architect. He particularly referred to the case of transformable structures. There should be a few component types and sets of mechanics that allow them to be rapidly deployed. He presented several case studies including some scissor type structures developed and built by his research group.</p> <h2> ISAC Dinner</h2> <p>The International Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) of the conference met over dinner to discuss how the meeting can be improved when it is reconvened in 2016. The dinner took place in a restaurant offering outstanding Flemish cuisine. The discussion concentrated on new topics for inclusion in the Call for Papers, in order for the conference to continue evolving and attracting original contributions. A few nominations were discussed for new members of the Board, as well as where to hold the 2016 meeting.</p> <p>Following the ISAC meeting, Carlos asked for any comments or suggestions on how to promote the new International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements. The publication launched in 2013 continues to attract excellent papers and is well suited as a venue for publication of extended versions of the papers published at the meeting.</p> <h2> Social Occasions</h2> <p>The Conference offered many opportunities for delegates to interact with each other in a fresh environment, including lunches taken together, in addition to coffee breaks. The location of the hotel facing the sea on the long Ostend promenade was conducive to strolling together in a very relaxed manner, characteristic of Ostend. The excellent quality of the restaurants added to the pleasure and success of the conference.</p> <p>Before the Conference banquet, Patrick de Wilde gave a short talk regarding the history of Ostend, which started as a small fishing village but rapidly grew in importance because of its excellent port facilities. Trading was for a long time the main strength of its economy, which grew to compete with that of the Dutch East India Company. The highlight of the city’s history was a three years’ long siege by Spanish forces. Although the city was eventually taken, its heroic resistance became part of the local folklore. The city suffered during the two World Wars, due to its strategic importance as a port. Ostend is now a vibrant seaside resort with many cultural events as well as renowned beaches. The reputation of Ostend as a holiday resort was started by Leopold II, King of Belgium and Congo, who built the promenade, hotel, racecourse and numerous parks during another golden period of the town’s history. Nowadays, Ostend is once again associated with charming and relaxing seaside holidays.</p> <p>The Conference banquet took place in a fort built by Napoleon to control access to the port of Ostend. The fort has been renovated and comprises an excellent restaurant with terrace from which it is possible to have a panoramic view of Ostend. The delegates were welcomed with a glass of spumante and a taste of the local beer, including the famous Koite beer originated during the siege of Ostend, when the city was surrounded by the strong army. The food – as usual in Ostend – was excellent and accompanied by good wines, resulting in a most happy and friendly evening. On their way to the Fort and back Anne Marie de Wilde, Patrick’s wife, described the different sights and some of the local history.</p> <h2> Closing of the Conference</h2> <p>The Conference was closed by Carlos who, after thanking the delegates for having come, expressed his wish that they will continue to collaborate with WIT in the future and consider visiting the Institute next time they are in the region. This will allow them to appreciate better the work carried out by WIT.</p> <h2> Conference Proceedings</h2> <p>The proceedings HPSM 2014 – High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials, 704pp (Print ISBN: 978-1-84564-774-2; eISBN: 978-1-84564-775-9) are available from WIT Press. Orders can be placed on the WIT Press web site at www.witpress.com or by email: <joomla-hidden-mail is-link="1" is-email="1" first="bWFya2V0aW5n" last="d2l0cHJlc3MuY29t" text="bWFya2V0aW5nQHdpdHByZXNzLmNvbQ==" base="" >This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.</joomla-hidden-mail>, telephone: +44 (0) 238 029 3223 or fax: +44 (0) 238 029 2853.</p> <p>Papers from the conference will also be hosted online at the WIT eLibrary as Volume 137 of WIT Transactions on the Built Environment (ISSN: 1746-4498, Digital ISSN 1743-3509). For more details visit the WIT eLibrary at <a href="http://library.witpress.com">http://library.witpress.com</a></p> <h2> Related Conferences</h2> <ul style="margin-top: 0cm;"> <li><a href="/conferences/2015/materials-characterisation-2015">Material Characterisation 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/conferences/2015/contact-and-surface-2015">Contact and Surface 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/conferences/2015/eres-2015">ERES 2015</a></li> </ul> <h2> Ostend Conference Photos </h2> <div id="photos"><iframe src="http://embedsocial.com/facebook_album/album_photos/725360227546190" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" width="690" height="1450" style="border: none;"></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container wessex-footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="mod-custom401" class="mod-custom custom"> <p><strong><img src="/images/wit_logo.png" alt="wit logo" style="margin-right: 5px; float: left;" />Wessex Institute</strong><br /> Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton <span style="white-space: nowrap;">SO40 7AA</span>, UK <br /><span style="color: white; white-space: nowrap; margin-right: 15px;">Tel: +44 (0)238 029 3223</span> <span style="color: white; white-space: nowrap; margin-right: 15px;">Fax: +44 (0)238 029 2853</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Email: wit@wessex.ac.uk<a href="mailto:wit@wessex.ac.uk"></a></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Translation tool powered by Google. Wessex Institute is not responsible for incorrect translation.</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="/component/osmap/?view=xml&id=1&format=xml"><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap;">Site Map</span></a><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap;"> | </span><a href="/about/privacy-policy"><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap;">Privacy Policy</span></a></p></div> <div id="mod-custom1997" class="mod-custom custom"> <script type="text/javascript"> _linkedin_partner_id = "1044065"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=1044065&fmt=gif" /> </noscript></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>