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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جیمز پولوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز پولوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pollock" title="James Pollock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Pollock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pollock" title="James Pollock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Pollock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pollock" title="James Pollock – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Pollock" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pollock" title="James Pollock – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Pollock" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Pollock" title="Iacobus Pollock – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Pollock" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="چيميس پولوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چيميس پولوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pollock" title="James Pollock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Pollock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pollock" title="James Pollock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Pollock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James Pollock</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg/220px-James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg/330px-James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg/440px-James_Pollock_Pennsylvania_Governor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of governors of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 16, 1855 – January 19, 1858</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Bigler" title="William Bigler">William Bigler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Packer" title="William F. Packer">William F. Packer</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district">13th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 5, 1844 – March 3, 1849</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frick_(politician)" title="Henry Frick (politician)">Henry Frick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Casey_(congressman)" title="Joseph Casey (congressman)">Joseph Casey</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Director of the United States Mint</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 1861 – September 1866</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">James Ross Snowden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Millward" title="William Millward">William Millward</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 1869 – March 1873</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Henry Linderman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Henry Linderman</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1810-09-11</span>)</span>September 11, 1810<br /><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Pennsylvania" title="Milton, Pennsylvania">Milton, Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 19, 1890<span style="display:none">(1890-04-19)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lock_Haven,_Pennsylvania" title="Lock Haven, Pennsylvania">Lock Haven, Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_Cemetery,_PA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton Cemetery, PA (page does not exist)">Milton Cemetery, PA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Sarah Ann Hepburn (m. 1837–1886; her death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3 sons<br />5 daughters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_New_Jersey_(18th_Century)" class="mw-redirect" title="College of New Jersey (18th Century)">College of New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_James_Pollock_(1810%E2%80%931890).png" class="mw-file-description" title="James Pollock (American politician)'s signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Signature_of_James_Pollock_%281810%E2%80%931890%29.png/128px-Signature_of_James_Pollock_%281810%E2%80%931890%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Signature_of_James_Pollock_%281810%E2%80%931890%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png/220px-Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary</a>, scribes "In God is Our Trust," scratches out "is Our" and overwrites "We" to arrive at "<a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>" in a December 9, 1863, letter to James Pollock, Director of the Philadelphia Mint.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>James Pollock</b> (September 11, 1810 – April 19, 1890) was the 13th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">governor of Pennsylvania</a> from 1855 to 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Pollock graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">College of New Jersey</a> at Princeton before setting up a law practice in his home community, in <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Pennsylvania" title="Milton, Pennsylvania">Milton, Pennsylvania</a>. District attorney and judicial appointments followed and in 1844 he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> where he served three successive terms. </p><p>As a freshman congressman, Pollock boarded in the same rooming house as another new congressman, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (who would later become the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>), and they soon developed a mutual respect and longstanding friendship. </p><p>Pollock was an early supporter of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_F._B._Morse" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel F. B. Morse">Samuel Morse</a> and his idea for a <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> and was instrumental in getting the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> to appropriate a small amount to help build the first line. He was present in the room when the first message, "What hath God wrought" was received, ushering in a new age of <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">telecommunication</a>. </p><p>Pollock was also the first in congress to advocate the construction of a railroad across the continent, connecting newly acquired California with the east. In a speech in 1848 he said, "At the risk of being considered insane, I will venture the prediction that, in less than twenty-five years from this evening, a railroad will be completed and in operation between New York and San Francisco, California." The <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railroad</a> was completed in 1869, four years inside the limit fixed by Mr. Pollock. </p><p>He returned to the judiciary in Pennsylvania's Eighth District in 1850. </p><p>Pollock was nominated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Whig_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Whig Party">Whig Party</a> for the governor's race in <a href="/wiki/1854_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1854 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">1854</a>, amid controversy surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>. A large crowd attended his inaugural ceremonies on January 16, 1855. Historians believe this was the first Pennsylvania inaugural ceremony to be held in the "open air." Attendance was estimated at 10,000 to 15,000 guests.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his administration, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> began to sell its publicly held railroads and canals, and he helped steer the state through the financial <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a>. He chaired the Pennsylvania delegation to the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Conference_of_1861" title="Peace Conference of 1861">Peace Conference of 1861</a>, and was appointed by President Lincoln as Director of the Philadelphia mint that same year. While leading the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a>, he was instructed by the Secretary of the Treasury <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> in a letter to come up with suggestions for including "the trust of our people in God" in a motto on America's coins. Pollock proposed a number of mottos, including "Our Trust Is In God" and "God Our Trust," which Chase ultimately revised to "<a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Myers2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his tenure at the Mint, the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> elected Pollock to membership in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pollock was a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Reform_Association_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Reform Association (1864)">National Reform Association</a>, which seeks to add a <a href="/wiki/Christian_amendment" title="Christian amendment">Christian amendment</a> to the U.S. Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers2020_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1864 two-cent piece was the first coin with the approved motto and today all American coins are inscribed with "In God We Trust." </p><p>James Pollock was also a trustee of <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_College" title="Lafayette College">Lafayette College</a> from 1855 to 1876, and its president from 1863 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-skillman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skillman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_faith">Christian faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christian faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Pollock possessed a strong faith in God. Concurring with Secretary Chase's instructions, in his 1863 report to the Secretary of the Treasury, he wrote, "We claim to be a Christian nation—why should we not vindicate our character by honoring the God of Nations…Our national coinage should do this. Its legends and devices should declare our trust in God—in Him who is "King of Kings and Lord of Lords." The motto suggested, "God our Trust," is taken from our National Hymn, the <a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Star-Spangled Banner">Star-Spangled Banner</a>." The sentiment is familiar to every citizen of our country—it has thrilled the hearts and fallen in song from the lips of millions of American Freemen. The time for the introduction of this or a similar motto, is propitious and appropriate. 'Tis an hour of National peril and danger—an hour when man's strength is weakness—when our strength and our nation's strength and salvation, must be in the God of Battles and of Nations. Let us reverently acknowledge his sovereignty, and let our coinage declare our trust in God." </p><p>Mr. Pollock served as Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/American_Sunday_School_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="American Sunday School Union">American Sunday School Union</a> from 1855 until his death in 1890. In that role he had the distinction of presiding over more mission business meetings than any man in the history of AMF other than the first president. Greatly respected by his fellow managers, it was recorded that 'he was always eager to do his Lord's business with earnestness and dispatch' and while conscious of the power of his masterful mind and loving heart, his fellows managers 'most appreciated his depth of consecration.' </p><p>Pollock co-founded <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunday_Breakfast_Rescue_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission (page does not exist)">Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">homeless shelter</a> and soup kitchen, in 1878 with notable fellow churchgoers <a href="/wiki/John_B._Stetson" title="John B. Stetson">John B. Stetson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker">John Wanamaker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What began as a simple cup of coffee and roll before church has grown to become the leading emergency shelter and largest indoor provider of meals in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorialization">Memorialization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Memorialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pollock has a residence area, dining commons, computer learning center, and campus road named for him on the <a href="/wiki/University_Park,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="University Park, Pennsylvania">University Park</a> campus of <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State University">Penn State University</a>, the institution which received its charter during his term as governor. Included in a Model UN civil war committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChase1863" class="citation book cs1">Chase, Salmon P (December 9, 1863). <i>Letter to James Pollock</i>. National Archives and Records Administration. p. 11. Document # RG 104_UD 87-A_Folder In God We Trust 1861_Part1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letter+to+James+Pollock&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft.date=1863-12-09&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Salmon+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/325157119/?terms=%22David%20Rittenhouse%20Porter%22&match=1">The Governors of Pennsylvania</a>." Mount Union, Pennsylvania: <i>The Mount Union Times</i>, January 27, 1911, p. 1 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheridan, Leo W. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/5674855/?terms=%22David%20Rittenhouse%20Porter%22&match=1">Great Crowds Attended Ceremonies of Inaugurals As Capitol Was Filled</a>." Lock Haven, Pennsylvania: <i>The Express</i>, November 30, 1934, p. 4 (subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers2020-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myers2020_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myers2020_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2020" class="citation web cs1">Myers, R. Andrew (July 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logcollegepress.com/blog/2020/7/24/how-did-in-god-we-trust-come-to-be-on-american-currency-a-19th-century-presbyterian-played-a-major-role">"How did "In God We Trust" come to be on American currency? A 19th century Presbyterian played a major role"</a>. Log College Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+did+%22In+God+We+Trust%22+come+to+be+on+American+currency%3F+A+19th+century+Presbyterian+played+a+major+role&rft.pub=Log+College+Press&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=R.+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logcollegepress.com%2Fblog%2F2020%2F7%2F24%2Fhow-did-in-god-we-trust-come-to-be-on-american-currency-a-19th-century-presbyterian-played-a-major-role&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=pollock+james&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"James Pollock"</a>. <i>American Philosophical Society Member History Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Philosophical+Society+Member+History+Database&rft.atitle=James+Pollock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3Dpollock%2Bjames%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skillman-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-skillman_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkillman1932" class="citation book cs1">Skillman, David Bishop (1932). <i>The Biography of a College: Being the History of the First Century of the Life of Lafayette College</i>. Easton, Pennsylvania: Lafayette College.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+of+a+College%3A+Being+the+History+of+the+First+Century+of+the+Life+of+Lafayette+College&rft.place=Easton%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Lafayette+College&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Skillman&rft.aufirst=David+Bishop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCnaanWineburgBoddie1999" class="citation book cs1">Cnaan, Ram A.; Wineburg, Robert J.; Boddie, Stephanie C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ul2nQ7bdBP8C&q=SBRM"><i>The Newer Deal: Social Work and Religion in Partnership</i></a> (First ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11624-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11624-4"><bdi>978-0-231-11624-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Newer+Deal%3A+Social+Work+and+Religion+in+Partnership&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=265&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11624-4&rft.aulast=Cnaan&rft.aufirst=Ram+A.&rft.au=Wineburg%2C+Robert+J.&rft.au=Boddie%2C+Stephanie+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUl2nQ7bdBP8C%26q%3DSBRM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaybreakfast.org/">"Sunday Breakfast"</a>. <i>Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Breakfast+Rescue+Mission&rft.atitle=Sunday+Breakfast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundaybreakfast.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressP000416" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000416">"James Pollock (id: P000416)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=James+Pollock+%28id%3A+P000416%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DP000416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pollock+%28American+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pollack-pomerene.html">The Political Graveyard</a></li> <li><i>The Sunday School Movement and the American Sunday School Union</i> by Edwin Wilbur Rice: Union Press, 1917.</li> <li><i>The Torch and the Flag</i> by Galbraith Hall Todd; Union Press, 1966.</li> <li>United States Mint Annual Report, 1863.</li> <li>In Memoriam, James Pollack: published privately by the family of James Pollack, c. 1890.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10614670">James Pollock</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K6SX-9B9/">James Pollock</a> at <a href="/wiki/FamilySearch" title="FamilySearch">FamilySearch</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">William F. Johnston</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1854_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1854 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">1854</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frick_(politician)" title="Henry Frick (politician)">Henry Frick</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania13 !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district">Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1844–1849 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Casey_(congressman)" title="Joseph Casey (congressman)">Joseph Casey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Bigler" title="William Bigler">William Bigler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of governors of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a> </b><br />1855–1858 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Packer" title="William F. Packer">William F. Packer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">James Ross Snowden</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Director of the United States Mint</a> </b><br />May 1861 – September 1866 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Millward" title="William Millward">William Millward</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Henry Linderman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Director of the United States Mint</a> </b><br />May 1869 – March 1873 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Henry Linderman</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents<br /><span class="nobold">(1777–1790)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wharton_Jr." title="Thomas Wharton Jr.">Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bryan" title="George Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_(politician)" title="Joseph Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moore_(Pennsylvania_politician,_died_1793)" title="William Moore (Pennsylvania politician, died 1793)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Mifflin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Pennsylvania.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Pennsylvania.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Pennsylvania.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors<br /><span class="nobold">(since 1790)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Snyder" title="Simon Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Findlay_(governor)" title="William Findlay (governor)">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hiester" title="Joseph Hiester">Hiester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Shulze" title="John Andrew Shulze">Shulze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wolf" title="George Wolf">G. Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ritner" title="Joseph Ritner">Ritner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Porter" title="David R. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_R._Shunk" title="Francis R. Shunk">Shunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bigler" title="William Bigler">Bigler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Packer" title="William F. Packer">Packer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Geary" title="John W. Geary">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Hartranft" title="John F. Hartranft">Hartranft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Hoyt" title="Henry M. Hoyt">Hoyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Pattison" title="Robert E. Pattison">Pattison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Beaver" title="James A. Beaver">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Pattison" title="Robert E. Pattison">Pattison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Hastings" title="Daniel H. Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Stone" title="William A. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Pennypacker" title="Samuel W. Pennypacker">Pennypacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sydney_Stuart" title="Edwin Sydney Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Tener" title="John K. Tener">Tener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Grove_Brumbaugh" title="Martin Grove Brumbaugh">Brumbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Sproul" title="William Cameron Sproul">Sproul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Pinchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuchell_Fisher" title="John Stuchell Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Pinchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Howard_Earle_III" title="George Howard Earle III">Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_James_(politician)" title="Arthur James (politician)">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Bell_Jr." title="John C. Bell Jr.">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duff" title="James H. Duff">Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Fine" title="John S. Fine">Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Leader" title="George M. Leader">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Lawrence" title="David L. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_P._Shafer" title="Raymond P. Shafer">Shafer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Shapp" title="Milton Shapp">Shapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Thornburgh" title="Dick Thornburgh">Thornburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Casey_Sr." title="Bob Casey Sr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ridge" title="Tom Ridge">Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Schweiker" title="Mark Schweiker">Schweiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Corbett" title="Tom Corbett">Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolf" title="Tom Wolf">T. Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Shapiro" title="Josh Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_the_United_States_Mint" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USMintDirectors" title="Template:USMintDirectors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USMintDirectors" title="Template talk:USMintDirectors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USMintDirectors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USMintDirectors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_the_United_States_Mint" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Directors of the United States Mint</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Rittenhouse" title="David Rittenhouse">Rittenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_de_Saussure" title="Henry William de Saussure">de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Boudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Patterson_(educator)" title="Robert Patterson (educator)">R. Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Moore_(congressman)" title="Samuel Moore (congressman)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maskell_Patterson" title="Robert Maskell Patterson">R. M. Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nicholas_Eckert" title="George Nicholas Eckert">Eckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Pettit" title="Thomas M. Pettit">Pettit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Millward" title="William Millward">Millward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Linderman" title="Henry Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_C._Burchard" title="Horatio C. Burchard">Burchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Kimball" title="James P. Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Leech" title="Edward O. Leech">Leech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Preston" title="Robert E. Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Roberts" title="George E. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_A._Leach" title="Frank A. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Abram Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Roberts" title="George E. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Woolley" title="Robert W. Woolley">Woolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Johannes_Hugo_von_Engelken" title="Friedrich Johannes Hugo von Engelken">von Engelken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Baker" title="Raymond T. Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Edgar_Scobey" title="Frank Edgar Scobey">Scobey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Grant" title="Robert J. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross" title="Nellie Tayloe Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Brett" title="William H. Brett">Brett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Adams" title="Eva Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brooks" title="Mary Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_Hackel_Sims" title="Stella Hackel Sims">Hackel Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Pope" title="Donna Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Ryder" title="David J. Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_N._Diehl" title="Philip N. Diehl">Diehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_W._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay W. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_H._Fore" title="Henrietta H. Fore">Fore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_C._Moy" title="Edmund C. Moy">Moy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Ryder" title="David J. Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventris_Gibson" title="Ventris Gibson">Gibson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Treasury"><img alt="Seal of the United States Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373144#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373144#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1176172603">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr91038686">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000416">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10575765">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v70mk2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&oldid=1259371505">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Pollock_(American_politician)&oldid=1259371505</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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