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the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#English"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">English</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Noun"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Noun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Derived_terms"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Derived terms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Translations"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Translations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#French"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">French</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Etymology_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Pronunciation_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Noun_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Noun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Related_terms"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Related terms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Descendants"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Descendants</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First attested in 1521. Borrowed from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" class="extiw" title="w:French language">French</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#French">abstention</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Late Latin">Late Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/abstentio#Latin" title="abstentio">abstēntiō</a></i> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/abstineo#Latin" title="abstineo">abstinēō</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">withhold, to abstain</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" class="extiw" title="w:Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/əbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/</span></li> <li><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/æbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/</span>, <span class="IPA">/əbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/</span>, <span class="IPA">/æbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩/</span>, <span class="IPA">/əbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩/</span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span><span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="en-us-abstention.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/En-us-abstention.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/En-us-abstention.ogg/En-us-abstention.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-us-abstention.ogg" title="File:en-us-abstention.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">abstention</strong> (<i><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#countable" title="Appendix:Glossary">countable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#uncountable" title="Appendix:Glossary">uncountable</a></i>, <i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-en p-form-of" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/abstentions#English" title="abstentions">abstentions</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#obsolete" title="Appendix:Glossary">obsolete</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> The act of <a href="/wiki/restrain" title="restrain">restraining</a> oneself. <span class="defdate">[Attested from the early 16<sup>th</sup> century until the med 17<sup>th</sup> century.]</span></li> <li>The act of <a href="/wiki/abstain" title="abstain">abstaining</a> or <a href="/wiki/refrain" title="refrain">refraining</a> (from). <span class="defdate">[First attested in the early 17<sup>th</sup> century.]</span> <dl><dd><div class="h-usage-example collocation"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en"><b>abstention</b> from alcohol</i></div></dd> <dd><div class="h-usage-example collocation"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en"><b>abstention</b> from sex</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li>The act of <a href="/wiki/declining" title="declining">declining</a> to <a href="/wiki/vote" title="vote">vote</a> on a particular issue. <span class="defdate">[First attested in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century.]</span> <dl><dd><div class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="en">There were five <b>abstention</b>s in the vote.</i></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/non-participation" title="non-participation">Non-participation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/political" title="political">political</a> <a href="/wiki/world" title="world">world</a>; as a <a href="/wiki/country" title="country">country</a> avoiding <a href="/wiki/international" title="international">international</a> <a href="/wiki/affairs" title="affairs">affairs</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="columns-bg term-list ul-column-count" data-column-count="2"><ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/abstention_doctrine#English" title="abstention doctrine">abstention doctrine</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/abstentionism#English" title="abstentionism">abstentionism</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/abstentionist#English" title="abstentionist">abstentionist</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/abstentious#English" title="abstentious">abstentious</a></span></li><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/nonabstention#English" title="nonabstention">nonabstention</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="list-switcher-element" data-showtext=" show more ▼ " data-hidetext=" show less ▲ " style="display:none"> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-the_act_of_abstaining"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">the act of abstaining</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="the act of abstaining"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81584270">.mw-parser-output .translations{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .translations-cell{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}</style> <ul><li>Bulgarian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="въздържаност (page does not exist)">въздържаност</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://bg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="bg:въздържаност">(bg)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="bg-Latn" class="tr Latn">vǎzdǎržanost</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Catalan: <span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/abstenci%C3%B3#Catalan" title="abstenció">abstenció</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Chinese: <dl><dd>Mandarin: <span class="Hant" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%84%E6%AC%8A#Mandarin" title="棄權">棄權</a></span><span class="Zsym mention" style="font-size:100%;">／</span><span class="Hans" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%83%E6%9D%83#Mandarin" title="弃权">弃权</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A3%84%E6%AC%8A" class="extiw" title="zh:棄權">(zh)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="cmn-Latn" class="tr Latn">qìquán</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">failing to exercise a right</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, <span class="Hani" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%99%A4#Mandarin" title="戒除">戒除</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%99%A4" class="extiw" title="zh:戒除">(zh)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="cmn-Latn" class="tr Latn">jièchú</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">bad habits</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, <span class="Hani" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%85%92#Mandarin" title="戒酒">戒酒</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:戒酒">(zh)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="cmn-Latn" class="tr Latn">jièjiǔ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">alcohol</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, <span class="Hani" lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92#Mandarin" title="禁酒">禁酒</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="zh:禁酒">(zh)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="cmn-Latn" class="tr Latn">jìnjiǔ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">alcohol</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span></dd></dl></li> <li>Dutch: <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/onthouding#Dutch" title="onthouding">onthouding</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/onthouding" class="extiw" title="nl:onthouding">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstinentie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="abstinentie (page does not exist)">abstinentie</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstinentie" class="extiw" title="nl:abstinentie">(nl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Esperanto: <span class="Latn" lang="eo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=sindeteno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="sindeteno (page does not exist)">sindeteno</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="eo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="abstino (page does not exist)">abstino</a></span></li> <li>Finnish: <span class="Latn" lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/pid%C3%A4tt%C3%A4ytyminen#Finnish" title="pidättäytyminen">pidättäytyminen</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/pid%C3%A4tt%C3%A4ytyminen" class="extiw" title="fi:pidättäytyminen">(fi)</a></span></li> <li>French: <span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#French">abstention</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" class="extiw" title="fr:abstention">(fr)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>German: <span class="Latn" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Enthaltung#German" title="Enthaltung">Enthaltung</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Enthaltung" class="extiw" title="de:Enthaltung">(de)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Hebrew: <span class="Hebr" lang="he"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="הימנעו (page does not exist)">הימנעו</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="he-Latn" class="tr Latn">(himan'ut</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Hungarian: <span class="Latn" lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/tart%C3%B3zkod%C3%A1s#Hungarian" title="tartózkodás">tartózkodás</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/tart%C3%B3zkod%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:tartózkodás">(hu)</a></span></li> <li>Interlingua: <span class="Latn" lang="ia"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Interlingua">abstention</a></span></li> <li>Italian: <span class="Latn" lang="it"><a href="/wiki/astensione#Italian" title="astensione">astensione</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/astensione" class="extiw" title="it:astensione">(it)</a></span></li> <li>Japanese: <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%8E%E3%82%80#Japanese" title="慎む">慎むこと</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%85%8E%E3%82%80" class="extiw" title="ja:慎む">(ja)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">つつしむこと, tsutsushimu koto</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92#Japanese" title="禁酒">禁酒</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="ja:禁酒">(ja)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">きんしゅ, kinshu</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">alcohol</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%84%E6%A8%A9#Japanese" title="棄権">棄権</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A3%84%E6%A8%A9" class="extiw" title="ja:棄権">(ja)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">きけん, kiken</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">failing to exercise a right</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span>, <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%82%E5%8A%A0#Japanese" title="不参加">不参加</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%82%E5%8A%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:不参加">(ja)</a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">ふさんか, fusanka</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content">non-participation</span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span></li> <li>Norwegian: <dl><dd>Bokmål: <span class="Latn" lang="nb"><a href="/wiki/avhold#Norwegian_Bokmål" title="avhold">avhold</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span></dd></dl></li> <li>Polish: <span class="Latn" lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/abstynencja#Polish" title="abstynencja">abstynencja</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstynencja" class="extiw" title="pl:abstynencja">(pl)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Portuguese: <span class="Latn" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/absten%C3%A7%C3%A3o#Portuguese" title="abstenção">abstenção</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/absten%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="pt:abstenção">(pt)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Romanian: <span class="Latn" lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/ab%C8%9Binere#Romanian" title="abținere">abținere</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/ab%C8%9Binere" class="extiw" title="ro:abținere">(ro)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Russian: <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#Russian" title="воздержание">воздержа́ние</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:воздержание">(ru)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">vozderžánije</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, <span class="Cyrl" lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian" title="воздержанность">возде́ржанность</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:воздержанность">(ru)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="ru-Latn" class="tr Latn">vozdéržannostʹ</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li> <li>Scottish Gaelic: <span class="Latn" lang="gd"><a href="/wiki/seachnadh#Scottish_Gaelic" title="seachnadh">seachnadh</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span></li> <li>Spanish: <span class="Latn" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/abstenci%C3%B3n#Spanish" title="abstención">abstención</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstenci%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:abstención">(es)</a></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span></li> <li>Turkish: <span class="Latn" lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A7ekimserlik#Turkish" title="çekimserlik">çekimserlik</a></span><span class="tpos"> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A7ekimserlik" class="extiw" title="tr:çekimserlik">(tr)</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="See_also">See also</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/abstinence#English" title="abstinence">abstinence</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (<span class="None" lang="und">2002</span>), “abstention”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles</a></cite>, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860457-0">→ISBN</a></small>, page 9.</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French">French</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#loanword" title="Appendix:Glossary">Borrowed</a> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Late Latin">Late Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/abstentio#Latin" title="abstentio">abstentiōnem</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/abstentus#Latin" title="abstentus">abstentus</a></i>, from <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/abstineo#Latin" title="abstineo">abstineō</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:French_pronunciation" title="Appendix:French pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/ap.stɑ̃.sjɔ̃/</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio<span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Fr-abstention.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Fr-abstention.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Fr-abstention.ogg/Fr-abstention.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:Fr-abstention.ogg" title="File:Fr-abstention.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun_2">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="fr">abstention</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-fr p-form-of" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/abstentions#French" title="abstentions">abstentions</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">abstention</a></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Related terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/abstenir#French" title="abstenir">abstenir</a></span></li> <li><span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/abstinence#French" title="abstinence">abstinence</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Descendants">Descendants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="desc-arr" title="borrowed">→</span> English: <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">abstention</a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68481116">.mw-parser-output .desc-arr[title]{cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .desc-arr[title="uncertain"]{font-size:.7em;vertical-align:super}</style></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=abstention&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/abstention/">abstention</a>”, in <cite><span class="Latn" lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise_informatis%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="w:Trésor de la langue française informatisé">Trésor de la langue française informatisé</a></span> <span style="font-style: normal;">[</span>Digitized Treasury of the French Language<span style="font-style: normal;">]</span></cite>, <span class="None" lang="und">2012</span></span></span>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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href="https://am.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstention" title="abstention – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="abstention" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 July 2024, at 18:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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