CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Nyoro / Runyoro language and alphabet</title> <meta name="description" content="Nyoro is a Northeast Bantu language spoken in the Bunyoro Kingdom in western Uganda." />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WB7PSHBG');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.omniglot.com/images/logos/omniglot_thumbnail.jpg" /> <meta property="og:type" content="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Omniglot-100430558332117/posts/" /> <link href="/styles/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://the.gatekeeperconsent.com/cmp.min.js" data-cfasync="false"></script> <script async src="//www.ezojs.com/ezoic/sa.min.js"></script> <script> window.ezstandalone = window.ezstandalone || {}; ezstandalone.cmd = ezstandalone.cmd || []; </script></head> <body> <div id="header">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WB7PSHBG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <p><a href="/index.htm"><img src="/images/logos/header_omniglot.png" width="600" height="70" alt="Omniglot - the online encyclopedia of writing systems & languages" /></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/index.htm">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/index.htm">Alphabets</a></li> <li><a href="/conscripts/index.htm">Constructed scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/languages.htm">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/language/phrases/phraseindex.htm">Phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/language/numbers/index.htm">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/language/ml.htm">Multilingual Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/search.htm">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/news/index.htm">News</a></li> <li><a href="/about.htm">About</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.htm">Contact</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="bodybox"> <div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-162"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(162); }); </script><div id="body"> <h1>Nyoro (Orunyoro)</h1> <p>Nyoro is a Northeast Bantu language spoken by about 670,000 people in the Bunyoro(-Kitara) Kingdom (<em>Obukama bwa Bunyoro-Kitara</em>), a traditional Bantu kingdom in the Western Region of Uganda. The Kingdom covers the districts of Buliisa, Hoima, Kibaale, Kakumiro, Kagadi, Kiryandongo and Masindi. </p> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d255268.4778914734!2d31.180801380586004!3d1.4333133612996976!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x1764dd8d53655515%3A0xa0c294e465822cff!2sBunyoro%20Kitara%20Kingdom!5e0!3m2!1sen!2suk!4v1739565651734!5m2!1sen!2suk" width="400" height="300" style="border:0;" allowfullscreen="" loading="lazy" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"></iframe> </p> <p>Nyoro is also known as Runyoro or Orunyoro. There are two dialects: Runyoro proper an Rutagwenda. It is closely related to Tooro (Orutooro). Nyoro and Tooro are classified as one language, known as Nyoro-Tooro, Runyoro-Rutooro, or Orunyoro-Orutooro, by the Ministry of Education of Uganda, although other sources classify them as separate languages. </p> <p>The first Nyoro grammar and dictionary was published in 1902 by Harry Edward Maddox, a Protestant missionary. The spelling system he used differs somewhat from the standar orthography for Nyoro-Tooro created in 1947. Nyoro is used in schools, in literature and on the radio. </p> <h2>Nyoro alphabet and pronunciation</h2> <p><img src="../images/writing/nyoro.gif" width="570" height="300" alt="Nyoro alphabet and pronunciation" /> </p> <p><a href="../charts/nyoro.xlsx">Download an alphabet chart for Nyoro</a> (Excel) </p> <h2>Sample text</h2> <p>Atwooki Justus nyizire nebigambo byange<br /> Mutege amatu muhurre<br /> Kandi mukimanye ngu<br /> Ensi enu eitulimu bagenzi bange eri nkenyanja<br /> Haroho omuyaga nyamwingi nuguhuba<br /> Ebigonzi nibyetera<br /> Ogigendeho mpora noyekenga<br /> nukwo ebigonzi bitakutwara<br /> kolesa obwongo </p> <p>Source: <em><a href="https://runyoroonline.wordpress.com/articles/">https://runyoroonline.wordpress.com/articles/</a></em> </p> <h2>Sample text</h2> <ol start="2"> <li>Yabagambira ati Obumurasabaga nukwo mugambege muti Isitwe, ibara lyawe dyezebwe, Obukama bwawe buije.</li> <li>Otuhege obukyabukya ebyokulya bayaitu ebyekiro.</li> <li>Kandi otuleke’re ebibi byaitu; baitu naitwe tuganyira bona abatutonga. Kandi otatutwara omu kwohebwa.</li> </ol> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.bible.com/bible/2515/GEN.11.BRR64">https://www.bible.com/bible/2515/GEN.11.BRR64</a></em> </p> <h3>Translation (English)</h3> <ol start="2"> <li>And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so in earth.</li> <li>Give us day by day our daily bread.</li> <li>And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil.<br /> <em>(The Lord's Prayer - Luke 11: 2-4)</em></li> </ol> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://www.bible.com/bible/1/LUK.11.KJV">https://www.bible.com/bible/1/LUK.11.KJV</a></em> </p> <h2>Sample videos in and about Nyoro</h2> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UF-LDkwGxg4" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TC1Hz-ln0-U" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GyB8yP2MRss" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p class="info"><a href="/writing/nyoro.htm">Information about Nyoro</a> | <a href="/babel/nyoro.htm">Tower of Babel</a></p> <h2>Links</h2> <p>Information about Nyoro<br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyoro_language">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyoro_language</a><br /> <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)">https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ньоро_(язык)</a><br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyoro-Tooro_language">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyoro-Tooro_language</a><br /> <a href="http://www.language-archives.org/language/nyo">http://www.language-archives.org/language/nyo</a> </p> <h2>Bantu languages</h2> <p><a href="/writing/aka.htm">Aka</a>, <a href="/writing/bafaw-balong.htm">Bafaw-Balong</a>, <a href="/writing/bangi.htm">Bangi</a>, <a href="/writing/basaa.php">Basaa</a>, <a href="/writing/bemba.php">Bemba</a>, <a href="/writing/bena.htm">Bena</a>, <a href="/writing/benga.htm">Benga</a>, <a href="/writing/bhaca.htm">Bhaca</a>, <a href="/writing/bube.htm">Bube</a>, <a href="/writing/bukusu.htm">Bukusu</a>, <a href="/writing/bulu.htm">Bulu</a>, <a href="/writing/centralteke.htm">Central Teke</a>, <a href="/writing/chichewa.php">Chichewa</a>, <a href="/writing/chokwe.htm">Chokwe</a>, <a href="/writing/chuwabu.htm">Chuwabu</a>, <a href="/writing/comorian.htm">Comorian</a>, <a href="/writing/dciriku.htm">Dciriku</a>, <a href="/writing/digo.htm">Digo</a>, <a href="/writing/duala.php">Duala</a>, <a href="/writing/eton.htm">Eton</a>, <a href="/writing/ewondo.php">Ewondo</a>, <a href="/writing/fang.htm">Fang</a>, <a href="/writing/ganda.php">Ganda/Luganda</a>, <a href="/writing/gogo.htm">Gogo</a>, <a href="/writing/gusii.htm">Gusii</a>, <a href="/writing/gwere.htm">Gwere</a>, <a href="/writing/haya.htm">Haya</a>, <a href="/writing/hehe.htm">Hehe</a>, <a href="/writing/herero.php">Herero</a>, <a href="/writing/ibinda.htm">Ibinda</a>, <a href="/writing/ikizu.htm">Ikizu</a>, <a href="/writing/ikoma.htm">Ikoma</a>, <a href="/writing/jita.htm">Jita</a>, <a href="/writing/kabwa.htm">Kabwa</a>, <a href="/writing/kako.htm">Kako</a>, <a href="/writing/kamba.htm">Kamba</a>, <a href="/writing/kiga.htm">Kiga</a>, <a href="/writing/kikuyu.htm">Kikuyu</a>, <a href="/writing/kimbundu.htm">Kimbundu</a>, <a href="/writing/kinyarwanda.htm">Kinyarwanda</a>, <a href="/writing/kirundi.php">Kirundi</a>, <a href="/writing/kisi.htm">Kisi</a>, <a href="/writing/kogo.htm">Kogo</a>, <a href="/writing/komo-bantu.htm">Komo</a>, <a href="/writing/kongo.htm">Kongo</a>, <a href="/writing/konjo.htm">Konjo</a>, <a href="/writing/koti.htm">Koti</a>, <a href="/writing/kukuya.htm">Kukuya</a>, <a href="/writing/kunda.htm">Kunda</a>, <a href="/writing/kuria.htm">Kuria</a>, <a href="/writing/lambya.htm">Lambya</a>, <a href="/writing/lingala.htm">Lingala</a>, <a href="/writing/loma.htm">Loma</a>, <a href="/writing/lozi.htm">Lozi</a>, <a href="/writing/lubakatanga.htm">Luba-Katanga</a>, <a href="/writing/luchazi.htm">Luchazi</a>, <a href="/writing/lunda.htm">Lunda</a>, <a href="/writing/luvale.htm">Luvale</a>, <a href="/writing/makaa.htm">Makaa</a>, <a href="/writing/makonde.htm">Makonde</a>, <a href="/writing/makhuwa.php">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/writing/nko.htm">Mandekan</a>, <a href="/writing/maore.htm">Maore</a>, <a href="/writing/masaaba.htm">Masaaba</a>, <a href="/writing/mbama.htm">Mbama</a>, <a href="/writing/mbere.htm">Mbere</a>, <a href="/writing/mbukushu.htm">Mbukushu</a>, <a href="/writing/mbunda.htm">Mbunda</a>, <a href="/writing/mbuun.htm">Mbuun</a>, <a href="/writing/mende.htm">Mende</a>, <a href="/writing/mongo.htm">Mongo</a>, <a href="/writing/mpiemo.htm">Mpiemo</a>, <a href="/writing/zigula.htm">Mushungulu</a>, <a href="/writing/mwani.htm">Mwani</a>, <a href="/writing/nambya.htm">Nambya</a>, <a href="/writing/nande.htm">Nande</a>, <a href="/writing/ngoni.htm">Ngoni</a>, <a href="/writing/nkore.htm">Nkore</a>, <a href="/writing/northteke.htm">North Teke</a>, <a href="/writing/northernndebele.htm">Northern Ndebele (South Africa)</a>, <a href="/writing/sindebele.htm">Northern Ndebele (Zimbabwe)</a>, <a href="/writing/nsotho.htm">Northern Sotho</a>, <a href="/writing/nyamwezi.htm">Nyamwezi</a>, <a href="/writing/nyakyusa.htm">Nyakyusa</a>, <a href="/writing/nyemba.htm">Nyemba</a>, <a href="/writing/nyole.htm">Nyole</a>, <a href="/writing/nyoro.htm">Nyoro</a>, <a href="/writing/nyungwe.htm">Nyungwe</a>, <a href="/writing/nzadi.htm">Nzadi</a>, <a href="/writing/oroko.htm">Oroko</a>, <a href="/writing/oshiwambo.php">OshiWambo</a>, <a href="/writing/pagibete.htm">Pagibete</a>, <a href="/writing/punu.htm">Punu</a>, <a href="/writing/ronga.htm">Ronga</a>, <a href="/writing/safwa.htm">Safwa</a>, <a href="/writing/sena.htm">Sena</a>, <a href="/writing/sengele.htm">Sengele</a>, <a href="/writing/shona.php">Shona</a>, <a href="/writing/soga.htm">Soga</a>, <a href="/writing/songe.htm">Songe</a>, <a href="/writing/ndebele.php">Southern Ndebele</a>, <a href="/writing/sesotho.htm">Southern Sotho</a>, <a href="/writing/sukuma.htm">Sukuma</a>, <a href="/writing/swahili.htm">Swahili</a>, <a href="/writing/swati.php">Swati</a>, <a href="/writing/tanga.htm">Tanga</a>, <a href="/writing/tembo.htm">Tembo</a>, <a href="/writing/tonga.htm">Tonga</a>, <a href="/writing/tooro.htm">Tooro</a>, <a href="/writing/tshiluba.php">Tshiluba</a>, <a href="/writing/tsonga.php">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/writing/tswa.htm">Tswa</a>, <a href="/writing/tswana.php">Tswana</a>, <a href="/writing/tumbuka.htm">Tumbuka</a>, <a href="/writing/umbundu.htm">Umbundu</a>, <a href="/writing/venda.htm">Venda</a>, <a href="/writing/vwanji.htm">Vwanji</a>, <a href="/writing/xhosa.htm">Xhosa</a>, <a href="/writing/yao.htm">Yao</a>, <a href="/writing/yasa.htm">Yasa</a>, <a href="/writing/zigula.htm">Zigula</a>, <a href="/writing/zinza.htm">Zinza</a>, <a href="/writing/zulu.htm">Zulu</a></p> <p><a href="/writing/langalph.htm#latin">Languages written with the Latin alphabet</a> </p><p><em>Page created: 14.02.25. Last modified: 14.02.25</em> </p> <p class="right"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.buymeacoffee.com/1.0.0/button.prod.min.js" data-name="bmc-button" data-slug="omniglot" data-color="#FFDD00" data-emoji="" data-font="Cookie" data-text="Buy me a coffee" data-outline-color="#000000" data-font-color="#000000" data-coffee-color="#ffffff"></script> </p> <p class="right">[<a href="#top">top</a>] </p> <hr /> <div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-171"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(171); }); </script> <p><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572"><img src="https://images.kualo.com/rewards/greenhosting-light.gif" width="162" height="62" class="rightfloat" alt="Green Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a> </p> <p>You can support this site by <a href="https://buymeacoffee.com/omniglot">Buying Me A Coffee</a>, and if you like what you see on this page, you can use the buttons below to share it with people you know. </p>  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_bluesky"></a> <a class="a2a_button_threads"></a> <a class="a2a_button_mastodon"></a> <a class="a2a_button_copy_link"></a> </div> <script defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  <p> </p> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.spanishpod101.com/member/go.php?r=28935&i=b0"><img src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_spanishpod101.jpg" width="630" height="81" alt="SpanishPod101 - learn Spanish for free" /></a><p>If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=7ZJDTZECMH3SJ">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or by <a href="/donations.htm">contributing in other ways</a>. Omniglot is how I make my living. </p> <form action="https://www.paypal.com/donate" method="post" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="7ZJDTZECMH3SJ" /> <input type="image" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_GB/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" title="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!" alt="Donate with PayPal button" /> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_GB/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1" /> </form> <p> </p> <p><strong>Note</strong>: all links on this site to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=omniglot-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=61fa7b5f59036aa5bdc6b68aa138acfa&camp=1789&creative=9325">Amazon.com</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=omniglot-20&l=ur2&o=1" width="1" height="1" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=omniglot-21&linkCode=ur2&linkId=ecf52b987141620aecad3eedbb023718&camp=1634&creative=6738">Amazon.co.uk</a><img src="//ir-uk.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=omniglot-21&l=ur2&o=2" width="1" height="1" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.fr/?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=omniglot09-21&linkCode=ur2&linkId=18835fb93f11fbd0601e1d2ae2ef371b&camp=1642&creative=6746">Amazon.fr</a><img src="//ir-fr.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=omniglot09-21&l=ur2&o=8" width="1" height="1" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /> are affiliate links. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site. </p> <p class="right">[<a href="#top">top</a>] </p> <p><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-171"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(171); }); </script> </p> </div> <p style="text-align:center;"><a rel="sponsored" href="https://preply.sjv.io/c/1242341/2037648/24422" target="_top" id="2037648"> <img src="//a.impactradius-go.com/display-ad/24422-2037648" border="0" alt="" width="728" height="90"/></a><img height="0" width="0" src="https://imp.pxf.io/i/1242341/2037648/24422" style="position:absolute;visibility:hidden;" border="0" /></p> <div id="footerads"> <ul> <li><a href="https://omniglot.krtra.com/t/F3SkAIlcW9Za">Learn languages quickly</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.echineselearning.com/free-trial/?ecl=refEEEEE&aff=Simon0902">One-to-one Chinese lessons</a></li> <li><a href="http://varsitytutors.pxf.io/c/1242341/488377/4893" rel="nofollow">Learn languages with Varsity Tutors</a></li> <li><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank">Green Web Hosting</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.maayot.com?via=omniglot">Daily bite-size stories in Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="https://tutors.englishscore.com/gen/usd/?sc=AFF_Global_OGT-SITE">EnglishScore Tutors</a></li> <li><a href="https://englishlikeanative.co.uk/103-10.html">English Like a Native</a></li> <li><a href="/french/frantastique.htm">Learn French Online</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ivisa.com?utm_source=omniglot&utm_medium=affiliate">iVisa</a></li> <li> <a href="https://academy.mosalingua.com/mosaweb/?ref=1322">Learn languages with MosaLingua</a></li> <li><a href="https://ling-app.com/offer-yearly-subscription/?affiliateId=omniglot">Learn languages with Ling</a></li> <li><a href="https://privadovpn.com/#a_aid=Omniglot">PrivadoVPN</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ivisa.com?utm_source=omniglot&utm_medium=affiliate">Find Visa information for all countries</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="footer"> <ul> <li><a href="/index.htm">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/news/index.htm" title="New material appears on Omniglot every week - see the latest additions here">News</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/index.htm" title="An alphabetic index of all the writing systems and languages featured on Omniglot">Writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/conscripts/index.htm" title="Writing systems invented by visitors to Omniglot">Con-scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/languages.htm" title="An index of the languages featured on Omniglot">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/language/phrases/index.htm" title="A selection of phrases in numerous languages">Useful phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/language/index.htm" title="Advice on learning languages">Language learning</a></li> <li><a href="/language/ml.htm" title="Language names in their own scripts and languages">Multilingual pages</a></li> <li><a href="/events/index.htm">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/language/articles/index.htm" title="Articles about writing systems, language, translation and related topics">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/links/index.htm" title="A large collection of links to writing and language-related sites">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/books/index.htm" title="Language courses, dictionaries and other language learning materials">Book store</a></li> <li><a href="/gallery/index.htm" title="A gallery of writing and language-related art sent in by visitors to Omniglot">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/puzzles.htm" title="Questions about writing systems and languages sent in by visitors to Omniglot">Puzzles</a></li> <li><a href="/faqs.htm" title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/about.htm" title="A guide to the contents of Omniglot">About</a></li> <li><a href="/sitemap.htm">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/search.htm">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.htm">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/media.htm">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/donations.htm">Contribute</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising.htm">Advertising</a></li> </ul> <p class="icons"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/"><img src="/images/buttons/blog.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Omniglot Blog" /></a> <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/"><img src="/images/buttons/podcast.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Radio Omniglot Podcast" /></a> <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/"><img src="/images/buttons/celtiadur.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Celtiadur" /></a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/omniglot"><img src="/images/buttons/youtube.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Omniglot YouTube Channel" /></a> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager"><img src="/images/buttons/soundcloud.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Tunes, songs and podcasts on SoundCloud" /></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/omniglot/"><img src="/images/buttons/facebook.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Omniglot Facebook Fan Club" /></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieithgi/"><img src="/images/buttons/instagram.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Instagram" /></a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ommiglot"><img src="/images/buttons/tiktok.png" width="50" height="50" alt="TikTok" /></a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/omniglot.bsky.social"><img src="/images/buttons/bluesky.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Bluesky" /></a> <a href="https://polyglot.city/@omniglot"><img src="/images/buttons/mastadon.png" width="50" height="50" alt="Polyglot City (Mastadon" /></a> </p> <p class="copyright"><a href="/copyright.htm">Copyright</a> © 1998–2025 <a href="/aboutme.htm">Simon Ager</a> | Email: <a href="/contact.htm"><img src="/images/various/email.gif" width="177" height="15" style="vertical-align:middle;" alt="The email address to contact Omniglot" /></a> | <a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" rel="nofollow">Hosted by Kualo</a> </p> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript" id="clever-core"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function (document, window) { var a, c = document.createElement("script"), f = window.frameElement; c.id = "CleverCoreLoader85823"; c.src = "https://scripts.cleverwebserver.com/2cb306f9d0669fac735e1e109054e46d.js"; c.async = !0; c.type = "text/javascript"; c.setAttribute("data-target", window.name || (f && f.getAttribute("id"))); c.setAttribute("data-callback", "put-your-callback-function-here"); c.setAttribute("data-callback-url-click", "put-your-click-macro-here"); c.setAttribute("data-callback-url-view", "put-your-view-macro-here"); try { a = parent.document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0] || document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; } catch (e) { a = !1; } a || (a = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0] || document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]); a.parentNode.insertBefore(c, a); })(document, window); /* ]]> */ </script></body> </html>