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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Xhosa alphabet, pronunciation and language</title> <meta name="description" content="Xhosa is a Bantu language spoken in South Africa, Lesotho and Zimbabwe by about 19 million people." />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WB7PSHBG');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.omniglot.com/images/logos/omniglot_thumbnail.jpg" /> <meta property="og:type" content="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Omniglot-100430558332117/posts/" /> <link href="/styles/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://the.gatekeeperconsent.com/cmp.min.js" data-cfasync="false"></script> <script async src="//www.ezojs.com/ezoic/sa.min.js"></script> <script> window.ezstandalone = window.ezstandalone || {}; ezstandalone.cmd = ezstandalone.cmd || []; </script></head> <body> <div id="header">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WB7PSHBG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <p><a href="/index.htm"><img src="/images/logos/header_omniglot.png" width="600" height="70" alt="Omniglot - the online encyclopedia of writing systems & languages" /></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/index.htm">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/index.htm">Alphabets</a></li> <li><a href="/conscripts/index.htm">Constructed scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/languages.htm">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/language/phrases/phraseindex.htm">Phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/language/numbers/index.htm">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/language/ml.htm">Multilingual Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/search.htm">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/news/index.htm">News</a></li> <li><a href="/about.htm">About</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.htm">Contact</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="bodybox"> <div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-162"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(162); }); </script><div id="body"> <h1><a href="../soundfiles/languages/xhosa2.mp3">Xhosa</a> (<a href="../soundfiles/languages/xhosa.mp3">isiXhosa</a>)</h1> <p>Xhosa is a Bantu language spoken in South Africa, mainly in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Free State and Northern Cape. It is also in parts of Lesotho and Zimbabwe. According to the 2011 census there are about 8.2 million native speakers of Xhosa, and another 11 million second language speakers. </p> <div id="summary"> <h2>Xhosa at a glance</h2> <ul> <li><strong>Native name</strong>: isiXhosa [isikǁʰɔ́ːsa]</li> <li><strong>Language family</strong>: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Benue-Congo, Southern Bantoid, Bantu, Southern Bantu, Nguni, Zunda</li> <li><strong>Number of speakers</strong>: c. 19 million</li> <li><strong>Spoken in</strong>: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho</li> <li><strong>First written</strong>: 1823</li> <li><strong>Writing system</strong>: Latin script</li> <li><strong>Status</strong>: official language in South Africa and Zimbabwe</li> </ul> </div> <p>Xhosa is an official language in South Africa and Zimbabe, and is used as a language of instruction in primary schools, and in some secondary schools. It is also taught in universities. There are books, magazines and newspapers in Xhosa, as well as TV and radio programmes, films, plays and songs. </p> <p>Xhosa is closely related to <a href="zulu.htm">Zulu</a>, <a href="swati.php">Swati</a> and <a href="ndebele.php">Ndebele</a>, and mutually intelligible with them to some extent. </p> <p>Xhosa's click consonants were most likely borrowed from the Khoisan languages as a result of long and extensive interaction between the Xhosa and Khoisan peoples. </p> <p>A system for writing Xhosa using the Latin alphabet was devised by Christian missionaries during the early 19th century. The first printed work in Xhosa was published in 1823. </p> <h2>Xhosa alphabet</h2> <p><img src="../images/writing/xhosa2.gif" width="594" height="240" alt="Xhosa alphabet" /> </p> <p>Hear the Xhosa alphabet: </p> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hS2aS2pxmi8" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <h2>Xhosa pronunciation</h2> <p><img src="../images/writing/xhosa.gif" width="559" height="802" alt="Xhosa pronunciation" /> </p> <p>Hear how to pronounce Xhosa: </p> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCHSOkqDKdI" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p><a href="../charts/xhosa.xls">Download an alphabet chart for Xhosa</a> (Excel) </p> <h2>Sample text in Xhosa</h2> <p>Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesidima nangokweemfanelo. Bonke abantu banesiphiwo sesazela nesizathu sokwenza isenzo ongathanda ukuba senziwe kumzalwane wakho. </p> <h3>Translation</h3> <p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. <br /> <em>(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)</em> </p> <p><em>Some corrections to this page by Michael Peter Füstumum</em> </p> <h2>Sample video in Xhosa</h2> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/VqVWm-t7fhM" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/GzIyEMzEhdA" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p class="info"><a href="/writing/xhosa.htm">Information about Xhosa</a> | <a href="/language/phrases/xhosa.php">Phrases</a> | <a href="/language/numbers/xhosa.htm">Numbers</a> | <a href="/language/colours/xhosa.php">Colours</a> | <a href="/language/kinship/xhosa.htm">Family words</a> | <a href="/babel/xhosa.htm">Tower of Babel</a> | Books about Xhosa on: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/search?ie=UTF8&tag=omniglot-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=434bb3189dd016b920f778d5f790d028&camp=1789&creative=9325&index=books&keywords=Xhosa language">Amazon.com</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/search?ie=UTF8&tag=omniglot-21&linkCode=ur2&linkId=f735fc48e2ae851cd28c3e70f2f893d4&camp=1634&creative=6738&index=books&keywords=Xhosa language">Amazon.co.uk</a> [affilate links]</p> <h2>Links</h2> <p>Information about the Xhosa language<br /> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language</a><br /> <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/xho">https://www.ethnologue.com/language/xho</a> </p> <p>Online Xhosa lessons<br /> <a href="https://www.memrise.com/course/1572/xhosa-an-intro/">https://www.memrise.com/course/1572/xhosa-an-intro/</a><br /> <a href="http://learn101.org/xhosa.php">http://learn101.org/xhosa.php</a><br /> <a href="http://ilanguages.org/xhosa.php">http://ilanguages.org/xhosa.php</a><br /> <a href="http://xhosaculture.co.za/about-us/learn-xhosa/">http://xhosaculture.co.za/about-us/learn-xhosa/</a><br /> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/XhosaKhaya">http://www.youtube.com/user/XhosaKhaya</a><br /> <a href="https://www.twinkl.co.za/resources/south-africa-resources/isixhosa-foundation-phase-english-south-africa-suid-afrika/2">https://www.twinkl.co.za/resources/south-africa-resources/isixhosa-foundation-phase-english-south-africa-suid-afrika/2</a></p> <p>Online Xhosa dictionaries<br /> <a href="http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/xhosa.php">http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/xhosa.php</a><br /> <a href="http://glosbe.com/en/xh/">http://glosbe.com/en/xh/</a><br /> <a href="http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/">http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/</a></p> <p>Xhosa phrases<br /> <a href="http://www.salanguages.com/isixhosa/xhowrd.htm">http://www.salanguages.com/isixhosa/xhowrd.htm</a><br /> <a href="http://www.southafricalogue.com/travel-tips/south-african-phrases-xhosa.html">http://www.southafricalogue.com/travel-tips/south-african-phrases-xhosa.html</a></p> <h2>Bantu languages</h2> <p><a href="/writing/aka.htm">Aka</a>, <a href="/writing/bafaw-balong.htm">Bafaw-Balong</a>, <a href="/writing/bangi.htm">Bangi</a>, <a href="/writing/basaa.php">Basaa</a>, <a href="/writing/bemba.php">Bemba</a>, <a href="/writing/beembe.htm">Bembe</a>, <a href="/writing/bena.htm">Bena</a>, <a href="/writing/benga.htm">Benga</a>, <a href="/writing/bhaca.htm">Bhaca</a>, <a href="/writing/bube.htm">Bube</a>, <a href="/writing/bukusu.htm">Bukusu</a>, <a href="/writing/bulu.htm">Bulu</a>, <a href="/writing/centralteke.htm">Central Teke</a>, <a href="/writing/chichewa.php">Chichewa</a>, <a href="/writing/chokwe.htm">Chokwe</a>, <a href="/writing/chuwabu.htm">Chuwabu</a>, <a href="/writing/comorian.htm">Comorian</a>, <a href="/writing/dciriku.htm">Dciriku</a>, <a href="/writing/digo.htm">Digo</a>, <a 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