CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lamar Alexander - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"42444f5f-45fe-42d2-9b72-5e8f6603ce0f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lamar_Alexander","wgTitle":"Lamar Alexander","wgCurRevisionId":1257921349,"wgRevisionId":1257921349,"wgArticleId":296724,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2020","Articles with dead external links from September 2010","Articles with dead external links from June 2020","Articles with dead external links from January 2017","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from February 2020","Articles with hAudio microformats", "Pages using Sister project links with default search","People appearing on C-SPAN","1940 births","Living people","People from Maryville, Tennessee","American people of Scotch-Irish descent","Presbyterians from Tennessee","United States secretaries of education","George H. W. Bush administration cabinet members","Republican Party United States senators from Tennessee","Republican Party governors of Tennessee","Governors of Tennessee","Candidates in the 1996 United States presidential election","Candidates in the 2000 United States presidential election","2000 United States presidential electors","American lobbyists","Tennessee lawyers","Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee","20th-century American politicians","21st-century American politicians","21st-century Presbyterians","Vanderbilt University alumni","New York University School of Law alumni","Harvard Kennedy School faculty","Presidents of the University of Tennessee system"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lamar_Alexander","wgRelevantArticleId":296724,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q419976","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands", "architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg/1200px-Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg/800px-Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg/640px-Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lamar Alexander - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lamar_Alexander rootpage-Lamar_Alexander skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lamar+Alexander" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lamar+Alexander" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lamar+Alexander" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lamar+Alexander" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor_of_Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor_of_Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Governor of Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_the_University_of_Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_University_of_Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>President of the University of Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_University_of_Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Secretary_of_Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Secretary_of_Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>United States Secretary of Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Secretary_of_Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_presidential_bids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_presidential_bids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United States presidential bids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_presidential_bids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>U.S. Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1.1</span> <span>2002</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1.2</span> <span>2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1.3</span> <span>2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Republican_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2.1</span> <span>Republican leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_presidential_inauguration_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_presidential_inauguration_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2.2</span> <span>2013 presidential inauguration role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_presidential_inauguration_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committee_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committee_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2.3</span> <span>Committee assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Committee_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caucus_memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caucus_memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2.4</span> <span>Caucus memberships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caucus_memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_sponsored" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_sponsored"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2.5</span> <span>Legislation sponsored</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_sponsored-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political positions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political positions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Health care reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bipartisanship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bipartisanship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bipartisanship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bipartisanship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gun_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gun_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Gun laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gun_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>National security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Energy and environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Impeachment of Donald Trump</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lamar Alexander</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="لامار ألكسندر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لامار ألكسندر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="لامر الکساندر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لامر الکساندر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="لامر الکساندر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لامر الکساندر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EB%A7%88_%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94" title="러마 알렉산더 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러마 알렉산더" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8" title="למאר אלכסנדר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="למאר אלכסנדר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="لامار الكسندر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لامار الكسندر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC" title="アンドリュー・ラマー・アレクサンダー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドリュー・ラマー・アレクサンダー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Александер, Ламар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Александер, Ламар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lamar Alexander" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ламар Александер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ламар Александер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7" title="拉馬爾·亞歷山大 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉馬爾·亞歷山大" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q419976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lamar_Alexander" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lamar_Alexander" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lamar_Alexander" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&oldid=1257921349" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lamar_Alexander&id=1257921349&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLamar_Alexander"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLamar_Alexander"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lamar_Alexander&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q419976" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician and attorney (born 1940)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Andrew Alexander, see <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Alexander_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Andrew Alexander (disambiguation)">Andrew Alexander (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Lamar Alexander</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg/220px-Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg/330px-Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg/440px-Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2017</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Bill Hagerty</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate">Chair of the Senate Republican Conference</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 19, 2007 – January 26, 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Jon Kyl</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">John Thune</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States Secretary of Education</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 22, 1991 – January 20, 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_T._Kearns" title="David T. Kearns">David T. Kearns</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Cavazos" title="Lauro Cavazos">Lauro Cavazos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Riley" title="Richard Riley">Richard Riley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 6, 1985 – August 26, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Carlin" title="John W. Carlin">John W. Carlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">45th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">Governor of Tennessee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 20, 1979 – January 17, 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Shelton_Wilder" title="John Shelton Wilder">John Wilder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanton" title="Ray Blanton">Ray Blanton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ned_McWherter" title="Ned McWherter">Ned McWherter</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_system" title="University of Tennessee system">University of Tennessee system</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1988–1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Boling" title="Edward J. Boling">Edward J. Boling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnson_(academic)" title="Joseph E. Johnson (academic)">Joseph E. Johnson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span class="nowrap">Andrew Lamar Alexander Jr.</span></div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1940-07-03</span>) </span>July 3, 1940<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 84)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Leslee Buhler</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1969; died 2022)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Lamar_Alexander_Honors_Legacy_of_Former_Sen._Howard_Baker.ogg" title="File:Sen. Lamar Alexander Honors Legacy of Former Sen. Howard Baker.ogg">Lamar Alexander's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="424" data-mwtitle="Sen._Lamar_Alexander_Honors_Legacy_of_Former_Sen._Howard_Baker.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Sen._Lamar_Alexander_Honors_Legacy_of_Former_Sen._Howard_Baker.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/Sen._Lamar_Alexander_Honors_Legacy_of_Former_Sen._Howard_Baker.ogg/Sen._Lamar_Alexander_Honors_Legacy_of_Former_Sen._Howard_Baker.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Alexander honors former Senator <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a><br />Recorded July 8, 2014</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Andrew Lamar Alexander Jr.</b> (born July 3, 1940) is an American politician and attorney who served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> from 2003 to 2021. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, he also was the 45th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">governor of Tennessee</a> from 1979 to 1987 and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Secretaries_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Secretaries of Education">5th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States secretary of education</a> from 1991 to 1993, where he helped with the implementation of Education 2000. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville, Tennessee</a>, Alexander graduated from <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a>. After establishing a legal career in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, Alexander ran for Governor of Tennessee in <a href="/wiki/1974_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1974</a>, but was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanton" title="Ray Blanton">Ray Blanton</a>. Alexander ran for governor again in <a href="/wiki/1978_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1978</a>, and this time defeated his Democratic opponent, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Butcher" title="Jake Butcher">Jake Butcher</a>. He won re-election in 1982 and served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</a> from 1985 to 1986. </p><p>Alexander served as the president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a> from 1988 until 1991, when he accepted an appointment as Secretary of Education under President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>. Alexander sought the presidential nomination in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 1996">1996 Republican primaries</a>, but withdrew before the <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a> primaries. He sought the nomination again in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 2000">2000 Republican primaries</a>, but dropped out after a poor showing in the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Straw_Poll_(1979-2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Straw Poll (1979-2011)">Iowa Straw Poll</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2002 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2002</a>, Alexander was elected to succeed retiring U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a>. Alexander defeated Congressman <a href="/wiki/Ed_Bryant" title="Ed Bryant">Ed Bryant</a> in the Republican primary and Democratic Congressman <a href="/wiki/Bob_Clement" title="Bob Clement">Bob Clement</a> in the general election. He served as <a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate">Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference</a> from 2007 to 2012 and as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee</a> from 2015 to 2021. He introduced the <a href="/wiki/Every_Student_Succeeds_Act" title="Every Student Succeeds Act">Every Student Succeeds Act</a>, which supplanted the <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a> in 2015. On December 17, 2018, Alexander announced that he would not run for a fourth term in the Senate in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2020 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2020</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville, Tennessee</a>, the son of Genevra Floreine (<i>née</i> Rankin), a preschool teacher, and Andrew Lamar Alexander, a high school principal.<sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6months_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6months-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family is of <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scotch-Irish descent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6months_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6months-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Maryville_High_School_(Tennessee)" title="Maryville High School (Tennessee)">Maryville High School</a>, where he was class president,<sup id="cite_ref-6months_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6months-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was elected Governor of Tennessee <a href="/wiki/Boys_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Boys State">Boys State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, Alexander graduated <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> with a Bachelor of Arts degree in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_studies" title="Latin American studies">Latin American studies</a>. He was a member of <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander was the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Vanderbilt_Hustler" title="The Vanderbilt Hustler">The Vanderbilt Hustler</a></i>, the primary student newspaper on campus, and he advocated for the open admission of African Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-vaughnhome_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaughnhome-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Vanderbilt, he was a member of the track and field team.<sup id="cite_ref-vandymag_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vandymag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, he obtained his <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Nixon_Contact_Sheet_WHPO-4140_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Alexander with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>After graduating from law school, Alexander clerked for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a> Judge <a href="/wiki/John_Minor_Wisdom" title="John Minor Wisdom">John Minor Wisdom</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, from 1965 to 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, Alexander worked as a Legislative Assistant for Senator <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a>. While a staffer, he was briefly roommates with future U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Trent Lott</a>, and met his future wife at a staffer softball game. In 1969, he worked for <a href="/wiki/Bryce_Harlow" title="Bryce Harlow">Bryce Harlow</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s executive assistant.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, he moved back to Tennessee, serving as campaign manager for Memphis dentist <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Dunn" title="Winfield Dunn">Winfield Dunn</a>'s successful gubernatorial bid.<sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunn was the first Republican in 50 years to win the governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this campaign, Alexander co-founded<sup id="cite_ref-vandymag_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vandymag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and worked as a partner in the Nashville law firm of Dearborn and Ewing.<sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Alexander rented a <a href="/wiki/Garage_apartment" title="Garage apartment">garage apartment</a> to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Beasley" title="Thomas W. Beasley">Thomas W. Beasley</a>, a student at the <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanderbilt Law School">Vanderbilt Law School</a> who later co-founded <a href="/wiki/Corrections_Corporation_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrections Corporation of America">Corrections Corporation of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cellsforsaleharmon_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cellsforsaleharmon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee State Constitution">Tennessee State Constitution</a> at the time prevented governors from serving consecutive terms, so with Dunn unable to run, Alexander sought the party's nomination for governor in 1974. He defeated his two chief opponents, Commissioner of Mental Health <a href="/wiki/Nat_T._Winston,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nat T. Winston, Jr.">Nat T. Winston, Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Company">Southwestern Company</a> president Dortch Oldham, 120,773 votes to 90,980 and 35,683, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He faced the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanton" title="Ray Blanton">Ray Blanton</a>, a former congressman and unsuccessful 1972 Senate candidate, in the general election. Blanton attacked Alexander for his service under Nixon, who had resigned in disgrace several months earlier as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>, and defeated Alexander on election day, 576,833 votes to 455,467.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 1974 campaign, Alexander returned to the practice of law.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, <i><a href="/wiki/TIME_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME magazine">TIME Magazine</a></i> named Alexander one of the <i>200 Faces of the Future</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, Alexander once again worked in Baker's Washington office following Baker's election as <a href="/wiki/Senate_Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Minority Leader">Senate Minority Leader</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor_of_Tennessee">Governor of Tennessee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor of Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamar_Alexander_(TN_2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lamar_Alexander_%28TN_2%29.png/140px-Lamar_Alexander_%28TN_2%29.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lamar_Alexander_%28TN_2%29.png/210px-Lamar_Alexander_%28TN_2%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lamar_Alexander_%28TN_2%29.png/280px-Lamar_Alexander_%28TN_2%29.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Alexander as governor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee State Constitution">Tennessee State Constitution</a> had been amended in early 1978 to allow a governor to succeed himself, Blanton chose not to seek re-election, due to a number of scandals. Alexander once again ran for governor, and made a name for himself by walking from <a href="/wiki/Mountain_City,_Tennessee" title="Mountain City, Tennessee">Mountain City</a> in the far northeast of the state to <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> in the far southwest, a distance of 1,022 miles (1,645 km), wearing a red and black flannel shirt that would become something of a trademark for him.<sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C33472_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C33472_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C33472_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C33472_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C33472_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C33472_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>Alexander with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in 1986</figcaption></figure> <p>Investigative news reports, disclosed late during the 1978 Tennessee <a href="/wiki/Gubernatorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Gubernatorial">gubernatorial</a> campaign, revealed that Alexander once transferred the <a href="/wiki/Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">non-profit</a> <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> of a Christian church to his <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Tuesday_(restaurant)" title="Ruby Tuesday (restaurant)">Ruby Tuesday</a> restaurant chain that he served as a director in order to sell liquor-by-the-drink in the once "<a href="/wiki/Dry_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry town">dry town</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Gatlinburg,_Tennessee" title="Gatlinburg, Tennessee">Gatlinburg, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the campaign, Alexander, then a Nashville attorney, vowed to place his $62,676 interest in the Ruby Tuesday restaurant chain into an untouchable trust.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After winning the Republican nomination with nearly 86% of the vote, he defeated <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville</a> banker <a href="/wiki/Jake_Butcher" title="Jake Butcher">Jake Butcher</a> in the November 1978 election, 665,847 votes to 523,013.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1979, a furor ensued over pardons made by Governor Blanton, whose administration was already under investigation in a cash-for-clemency scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the state constitution is somewhat vague on when a governor must be sworn in, several political leaders from both parties, including <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_S._Wilder" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Wilder">John S. Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">State House</a> Speaker <a href="/wiki/Ned_McWherter" title="Ned McWherter">Ned McWherter</a>, arranged for Alexander to be sworn in on January 17, 1979, three days earlier than the traditional inauguration day, to prevent Blanton from signing more pardons. Wilder later called the move "impeachment Tennessee-style." </p><p>In February 1979, shortly after his inauguration, Alexander created an Office of Ombudsman, which was charged with cutting government red tape.<sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also gave state employees a 7% raise,<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and replaced state prisoners working at the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Tennessee Governor's Mansion">Governor's Mansion</a> with a paid staff.<sup id="cite_ref-6months_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6months-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Alexander's biggest accomplishments as governor was the relationship he cultivated with the Japanese corporate community, which resulted in the construction of a $660 million <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Smryna_assembly_plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nissan Smryna assembly plant (page does not exist)">assembly plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Smyrna,_Tennessee" title="Smyrna, Tennessee">Smyrna</a> in 1980, the largest single investment in the state's history up to the time.<sup id="cite_ref-mcwherter_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcwherter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander was also instrumental in the location of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>' <a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill_Manufacturing" title="Spring Hill Manufacturing">Saturn Manufacturing Facility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Tennessee" title="Spring Hill, Tennessee">Spring Hill</a>, which began operations in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1982_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1982</a> Alexander took advantage of the 1978 constitutional amendment allowing governors to serve a second consecutive four-year term. He ran again and defeated Knoxville mayor <a href="/wiki/Randy_Tyree" title="Randy Tyree">Randy Tyree</a>, 737,963 votes to 500,937.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his second term, he served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</a> from 1985 to 1986, and was chair of the President's Commission on American Outdoors, 1985 to 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-tsla_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also oversaw the "Tennessee Homecoming" in 1986, in which local communities launched numerous projects that focused on state and local heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-tehc_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tehc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, Alexander implemented his "Better Schools" program, which standardized basic skills for all students, and increased math, science and computer education.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A portion of this plan, known as "Master Teachers," or "Career Ladder," called for income supplements for the state's top teachers. Due to staunch opposition from the Tennessee Education Association, which derided the plan's method of teacher evaluations, the bill initially died in the state legislature. Later that year, Alexander convinced House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Ned_McWherter" title="Ned McWherter">Ned McWherter</a> to support an amended version of the bill, which passed.<sup id="cite_ref-mcwherter_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcwherter-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, Alexander proposed the "Better Roads Program" to fund a backlog of needed highway projects. The project increased the state's <a href="/wiki/Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Fuel taxes in the United States">gasoline tax</a> by three cents, and funded fifteen priority projects and six interstate-type projects including <a href="/wiki/Interstate_840_(Tennessee)" title="Interstate 840 (Tennessee)">Interstate 840</a>, the outer southern beltway around Nashville, and the eastern extension of the <a href="/wiki/Pellissippi_Parkway" title="Pellissippi Parkway">Pellissippi Parkway</a> near Knoxville, now signed as Interstate 140.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar initiative based on the Better Roads Program, the "IMPROVE Act", was signed by Governor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haslam" title="Bill Haslam">Bill Haslam</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After opting out of the 1984 US Senate contest for the open seat of retiring Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a>, Alexander was constitutionally ineligible for a third term and stepped down from the governorship on January 17, 1987. He was succeeded by Ned McWherter.<sup id="cite_ref-langsdon_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_the_University_of_Tennessee">President of the University of Tennessee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: President of the University of Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander along with his family moved to Australia for a short time in the late 1980s. While there he wrote a book titled <i>Six Months Off</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon returning to Tennessee, he served as president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a> from 1988 to 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Secretary_of_Education">United States Secretary of Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States Secretary of Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_Contact_Sheet_P19537_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bush_Contact_Sheet_P19537_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bush_Contact_Sheet_P19537_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bush_Contact_Sheet_P19537_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bush_Contact_Sheet_P19537_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Bush_Contact_Sheet_P19537_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Alexander with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> in 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>Alexander served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States Secretary of Education</a> from 1991 to 1993. As Education Secretary, he sparked controversy after he approved <a href="/wiki/Transnational_Association_of_Christian_Colleges_and_Schools" title="Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools">Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools</a> (TRACS) to <a href="/wiki/Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">accredit schools</a> despite an advisory panel that repeatedly recommended against it in 1991 and 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DinosaurTRACS_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinosaurTRACS-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, Steve Levicoff published a book-length critical discussion of TRACS and Alexander's decision in <i>When The TRACS Stop Short</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former Department of Education employee and writer Lisa Schiffren has stated that, "His fortune is founded on sweetheart deals not available to the general public, and a series of cozy sinecures provided by local businessmen. Such deals are not illegal..." Schiffren further notes that, in 1987, Alexander helped found Corporate Child Care Management, Inc. (now known as <a href="/wiki/Bright_Horizons_Family_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright Horizons Family Solutions">Bright Horizons Family Solutions</a> Inc.), a company that – via a merger – is now the nation's largest provider of worksite day care. While businessman <a href="/wiki/Jack_C._Massey" title="Jack C. Massey">Jack C. Massey</a> spent $2 million on this enterprise, Alexander co-founded the company with only $5,000 of stock which increased in value to $800,000, a 15,900 percent return within four years. Also in 1987, he wrote a never-cashed investment check for $10,000 to <a href="/wiki/Chris_Whittle" title="Chris Whittle">Christopher Whittle</a> for shares in Whittle Communications that increased in value to $330,000. In 1991, Alexander's house, which he had recently purchased for $570,000, was sold to Whittle for $977,500. Alexander's wife obtained an $133,000 profit from her $8,900 investment in a company created to privatize prisons. Alexander frequently shifted assets to his wife's name, yet such transfers are not legal under federal ethics and security laws.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2005 U.S. Senate financial disclosure report, he listed personal ownership of BFAM (Bright Horizons Family Solutions) stock valued (at that time) between $1 million and $5 million. He taught about the American character as a faculty member at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_presidential_bids">United States presidential bids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States presidential bids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander made two unsuccessful runs for President of the United States, in <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a> and <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>. In 1996, he finished third in the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>, and dropped out before the <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a> primaries. After dropping out of the race, Alexander took on an advisory role in the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Kemp</a> campaign. In 2000, during his second candidacy, he traveled around the US in a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer" title="Ford Explorer">Ford Explorer</a>, eschewing a <a href="/wiki/Campaign_bus" title="Campaign bus">campaign bus</a> or plane. That journey lasted less than six months, from the announcement of Alexander's candidacy on March 9, 1999, to his withdrawal on August 16, 1999, after a poor showing in the <a href="/wiki/Ames_Straw_Poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames Straw Poll">Ames Straw Poll</a>. He ended both of his presidential campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Senate">U.S. Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamar_Alexander_and_George_W._Bush.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lamar_Alexander_and_George_W._Bush.jpg/220px-Lamar_Alexander_and_George_W._Bush.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lamar_Alexander_and_George_W._Bush.jpg/330px-Lamar_Alexander_and_George_W._Bush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Lamar_Alexander_and_George_W._Bush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Alexander with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamar_and_Mrs._Alexander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lamar_and_Mrs._Alexander.jpg/250px-Lamar_and_Mrs._Alexander.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Lamar_and_Mrs._Alexander.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Senator and Mrs. Alexander with the Presbyterian Chaplain of the 844th from <a href="/wiki/Rhea_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhea County">Rhea County</a> in 2005</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elections">Elections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2002">2002</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2002"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2002 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2002 United States Senate election in Tennessee</a></div> <p>Despite vowing not to return to elective office, Alexander was nevertheless persuaded by the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> to run for the open seat of retiring Senator <a href="/wiki/Fred_Dalton_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Dalton Thompson">Fred Thompson</a> in 2002. Seen as a moderate Republican by Tennessee standards, his candidacy was vigorously opposed by conservatives, who instead supported US Representative, and a House manager during the 1998 impeachment of Bill Clinton, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Bryant" title="Ed Bryant">Ed Bryant</a>. </p><p>Alexander was better-funded and armed with more prominent endorsements, however, and edged Bryant in the primary, 295,052 votes to 233,678.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Democrats had high hopes of retaking the seat that they lost in <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1994 United States Senate election in Tennessee">1994</a> with their candidate, US Representative <a href="/wiki/Bob_Clement" title="Bob Clement">Bob Clement</a>, a member of a prominent political family. However, Clement's campaign never really caught on, and Alexander defeated him in the general election with 54 percent of the vote. With his election to the US Senate, he became the first Tennessean to be popularly elected both governor and senator. At the age of 62, Alexander also became the oldest elected freshman US senator from Tennessee since Democrat <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_D._Tyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence D. Tyson">Lawrence D. Tyson</a> in 1924. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2008">2008</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2008 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2008 United States Senate election in Tennessee</a></div> <p>In April 2007, Alexander announced he would run for re-election to the Senate in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander was favored throughout the entire campaign, due to his long history in Tennessee politics and a disorganized Democratic opposition. His rivals were former state Democratic Party Chairman <a href="/wiki/Bob_Tuke" title="Bob Tuke">Bob Tuke</a>, who won a heated primary, and Libertarian candidate Daniel T. Lewis. </p><p>Alexander won reelection, taking 65 percent of the vote to Tuke's 32 percent. Alexander also carried all but one of Tennessee's 95 counties; he lost only in <a href="/wiki/Haywood_County,_Tennessee" title="Haywood County, Tennessee">Haywood County</a> in western Tennessee, which was secured by Tuke. He won the normally Democratic strongholds of <a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby</a> counties—home to Nashville and <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, respectively. Alexander also benefited from riding the <a href="/wiki/Coattail_effect" title="Coattail effect">coattails</a> of <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, who won the state with a solid majority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2014">2014</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2014 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2014 United States Senate election in Tennessee</a></div> <p>In December 2012, Alexander announced he would be seeking re-election to a third Senate term in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander's campaign had a war chest of $3.1 million in cash going into his 2014 re-election bid.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an August 2013 letter to Alexander signed by over 20 Tennessee <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a> groups, the groups called on Alexander to retire from the Senate in 2014, or face a primary challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter stated: "During your tenure in the Senate we have no doubt that you voted in a way which you felt was appropriate. Unfortunately, our great nation can no longer afford compromise and bipartisanship, two traits for which you have become famous. America faces serious challenges and needs policymakers who will defend <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative values</a>, not work with those who are actively undermining those values."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Alexander was initially thought to be vulnerable to a primary challenge from the right, he worked to avoid this and ultimately did not face a high-profile challenger. He declared his intention to run early, quickly won the endorsement of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haslam" title="Bill Haslam">Bill Haslam</a>, every living former <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Republican_Party" title="Tennessee Republican Party">Tennessee Republican Party</a> chair person, and the state's <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Tennessee" title="United States congressional delegations from Tennessee">entire Republican congressional delegation</a>, except for then scandal-hit <a href="/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">Scott DesJarlais</a>. He also raised a large amount of money and worked to avoid the mistakes of ousted Senators <a href="/wiki/Bob_Bennett_(politician)" title="Bob Bennett (politician)">Bob Bennett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a> by trying to stay in touch with his constituents, especially in <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>. Moreover, out-of-state conservative organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Conservatives_Fund" title="Senate Conservatives Fund">Senate Conservatives Fund</a> made little effort to defeat Alexander.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander won the Republican primary, defeating <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">State Representative</a> and Tea Party challenger <a href="/wiki/Joe_S._Carr" title="Joe S. Carr">Joe Carr</a>. However, Alexander recorded the lowest winning percentage (49.7%) and lowest margin of victory (9.2 points) ever in a primary for a Republican U.S. senator from Tennessee. Carr won a larger percentage of the vote (40.5%) than the previous 11 challengers to sitting Republican U.S. senators in Tennessee history combined (40.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander won the general election with 62% of the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tenure">Tenure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, a newly discovered species of <a href="/wiki/Springtail" title="Springtail">springtail</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a> was named <i><a href="/wiki/Cosberella_lamaralexanderi" title="Cosberella lamaralexanderi">Cosberella lamaralexanderi</a></i> in Alexander's honor, because of his support of scientific research funding in the park and because the springtails' patterning is reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">plaid</a> shirts Alexander typically wears while campaigning.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 6, 2018, Alexander was one of 50 senators (49 Republicans, 1 Democrat) who voted to confirm <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> to the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Republican_leadership">Republican leadership</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Republican leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 2006, Alexander announced that he had secured the requisite number of votes to become the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Minority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Whip">Minority Whip</a> in the Senate during the <a href="/wiki/110th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="110th Congress">110th Congress</a>. Even though he was seen as the preferred choice of Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> and the Bush administration, he lost the election to former <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Trent Lott</a> by one vote (25–24).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander would get a second shot at entering his party's leadership a year later when Lott announced his intent to resign from the Senate by the end of 2007. Sen. <a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Jon Kyl</a> of Arizona, then <a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate">Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference</a>, ran for Whip and was elected without opposition. With the Conference Chair vacant, Alexander announced that he would seek the position.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would go on to defeat Sen. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Richard Burr</a> of North Carolina by a margin of 31–16.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander stepped down as Conference Chairman in January 2012, citing his desire to foster consensus. He said, "I want to do more to make the Senate a more effective institution so that it can deal better with serious issues." He added, "For these same reasons, I do not plan to seek a leadership position in the next Congress", ending speculation that he would run for the position of Republican Whip after Jon Kyl retired in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 17, 2018, Alexander announced that he would not seek another term in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>, he stated that he had made the decision as early as August 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For his tenure as the chairman of the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee in the 116th Congress, Alexander earned an "F" grade from the non-partisan <a href="/wiki/Lugar_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugar Center">Lugar Center</a>'s Congressional Oversight Hearing Index.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="2013_presidential_inauguration_role">2013 presidential inauguration role</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2013 presidential inauguration role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As co-chairman of the Joint Congressional Inaugural Committee, Alexander was one of the speakers at the <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Second inauguration of Barack Obama</a> on January 21, 2013, alongside the committee's chair, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Senator Charles Schumer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Committee on Appropriations</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Commerce,_Justice,_Science,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies">Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Defense" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense">Subcommittee on Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Energy_and_Water_Development" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development">Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development</a> (chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Interior,_Environment,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies">Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Labor,_Health_and_Human_Services,_Education,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies">Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Transportation,_Housing_and_Urban_Development,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies">Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources"><b>Committee on Energy and Natural Resources</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Energy_Subcommittee_on_Energy" title="United States Senate Energy Subcommittee on Energy">Subcommittee on Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Energy_Subcommittee_on_National_Parks" title="United States Senate Energy Subcommittee on National Parks">Subcommittee on National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Energy_Subcommittee_on_Public_Lands,_Forests_and_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Energy Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining">Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions</a></b> (chairman) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Health_Subcommittee_on_Children_and_Families" title="United States Senate Health Subcommittee on Children and Families">Subcommittee on Children and Families</a> (Ex Officio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Health_Subcommittee_on_Employment_and_Workplace_Safety" title="United States Senate Health Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety">Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety</a> (Ex Officio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Health_Subcommittee_on_Primary_Health_and_Aging" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Health Subcommittee on Primary Health and Aging">Subcommittee on Primary Health and Aging</a> (Ex Officio)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Committee on Rules and Administration</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Caucus_memberships">Caucus memberships</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Caucus memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_International_Conservation_Caucus" title="United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus">International Conservation Caucus</a></li> <li>Sportsmen's Caucus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> Caucus (Co-chair)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Legislation_sponsored">Legislation sponsored</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legislation sponsored"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is an incomplete list of legislation that Alexander introduced in the Senate. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PREEMIE_Reauthorization_Act_(S._252;_113th_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="PREEMIE Reauthorization Act (S. 252; 113th Congress)">PREEMIE Reauthorization Act (S. 252; 113th Congress)</a> – a bill that would reauthorize research programs on <a href="/wiki/Preterm_birth" title="Preterm birth">preterm births</a> that are run by the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marchofdimes1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marchofdimes1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would also authorize grants and demonstration programs to be run by the <a href="/wiki/Health_Resources_and_Services_Administration" title="Health Resources and Services Administration">Health Resources and Services Administration</a> that will try to decrease preterm births. It passed the Senate on September 25, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-252sum_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252sum-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Exchange Information Disclosure Act – a bill that would require the government to report on the number of visitors and enrollees on the federal government's healthcare exchanges, as well as what level of insurance coverage people buy on the exchanges. The bill would apply only to the federally run healthcare exchanges, which cover 36 states, not the state-run exchanges, according to <i>Ripon Advance</i>. On January 16, 2014, the U.S. House passed the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its companion bill <a href="/wiki/Exchange_Information_Disclosure_Act_(H.R._3362;_113th_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange Information Disclosure Act (H.R. 3362; 113th Congress)">Exchange Information Disclosure Act (H.R. 3362; 113th Congress)</a> was introduced in the House by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Terry" title="Lee Terry">Rep. Lee Terry (R, NE-2)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3362sum_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3362sum-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> began, Alexander supported sending troops to Iraq and expressed his agreement with President Bush that Iraq must be dealt with immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year after the war began, Alexander stated that the Iraq War had provided "lessons" to the nation, but went on to say that American troops should not be withdrawn, saying "It would be even worse if we left before the job was done."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Alexander touted implementing the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Study_Group" title="Iraq Study Group">Iraq Study Group</a> recommendations, noting that he believes Bush will be viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a>-esque figure if he implements the Group's recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care_reform">Health care reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Health care reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 15, 2009, Alexander voted against President Obama's health care reform bill in the Senate <a href="/wiki/Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee">Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander stated that he opposed the bill because, he said, it would result in higher state taxes, an increased federal debt, government-run health care, and Medicare cuts; he instead supported a different approach to reform.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander voted against the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> in December 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-senate_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senate-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he voted against the <a href="/wiki/Health_Care_and_Education_Reconciliation_Act_of_2010" title="Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010">Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander was part of the group of 13 senators who drafted the <a href="/wiki/2017_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act_replacement_proposals#Senate_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act replacement proposals">Senate version</a> of the failed <a href="/wiki/American_Health_Care_Act_of_2017" title="American Health Care Act of 2017">American Health Care Act of 2017</a> behind closed doors.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bipartisanship">Bipartisanship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bipartisanship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker,_Richard_Burr,_Lamar_Alexander,_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker%2C_Richard_Burr%2C_Lamar_Alexander%2C_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg/300px-U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker%2C_Richard_Burr%2C_Lamar_Alexander%2C_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker%2C_Richard_Burr%2C_Lamar_Alexander%2C_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg/450px-U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker%2C_Richard_Burr%2C_Lamar_Alexander%2C_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker%2C_Richard_Burr%2C_Lamar_Alexander%2C_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg/600px-U.S._Senators_Bob_Corker%2C_Richard_Burr%2C_Lamar_Alexander%2C_Congressman_John_Duncan_among_others_at_the_Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_in_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Lamar Alexander with U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">Bob Corker</a> & <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Richard Burr</a>, Congressmen <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmy Duncan (U.S. politician)">John Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">Phil Roe</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Heath_Shuler" title="Heath Shuler">Heath Shuler</a>, Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Bredesen" title="Phil Bredesen">Phil Bredesen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2009 annual vote studies by <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>, Alexander was one of the most bipartisan Republican members of the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>'s 2009 Vote Ratings, he was ranked as the 32nd most conservative member in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander broke ranks with conservative Senate Republicans when he announced his support for the nomination of Supreme Court nominee <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander, along with Senator <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>) and Representatives <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petri" title="Tom Petri">Tom Petri</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>) and <a href="/wiki/David_Price_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Price (U.S. politician)">David Price</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>), requested that the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> form <a href="/wiki/The_Commission_on_the_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences" title="The Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences">The Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences</a>, which was convened in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gun_laws">Gun laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gun laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2013, Alexander was one of 46 senators to vote against the passing of a bill which would have expanded background checks for all gun buyers. Alexander voted with 40 Republicans and 5 Democrats to stop the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_security">National security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: National security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander critiqued President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 2017 <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">executive order</a> to temporarily curtail immigration from 7 Muslim-majority countries that were claimed to have increased terrorism risk until better screening methods were devised. He stated that the executive order was "inconsistent with our American character."<sup id="cite_ref-Cobb_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobb-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2018, Alexander voted to table a resolution spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Chris Murphy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> that would have required President Trump to withdraw American troops either in or influencing <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> within the next 30 days unless they were combating <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_environment">Energy and environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Energy and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander has voiced support for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> on multiple occasions, and is a critic of <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>, believing wind turbines to be <a href="/wiki/Eyesore" title="Eyesore">eyesores</a> and dangerous to threatened bird populations.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the release of former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth" title="An Inconvenient Truth">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i> in 2006, Alexander criticized the omission of nuclear power in the film as a suggestion for mitigating climate change. He stated "Maybe it needs a sequel: 'An Inconvenient Truth 2: Nuclear Power.'" Alexander also stated that "Because (Gore) was a former vice president and presidential nominee, he brings a lot of visibility to (the issue). On the other hand it may be seen as political by some, and they may be less eager to be a part of it."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander opposed the proposed <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a>, saying that it is not the proper solution to climate change and calling it "an assault on cars, cows, and combustion," and in response proposed what he calls the "New Manhattan Project for Clean Energy" (named after the World War II-era <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, which developed the first <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed plan contains ten major points of developing advanced nuclear power, more efficient <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">carbon capture</a>, more efficient batteries, more efficient buildings, more <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a>, cheaper <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power">fusion power</a>, advanced computing, and doubled funding for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander proposed a similar plan by the same name in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2018, Alexander was one of twelve Republican senators to sign a letter to President Trump requesting the <a href="/wiki/United_States-Mexico-Canada_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement">United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement</a> (USMCA) be submitted to Congress by the end of the month to allow a vote on it before the end of the year, as they were concerned "passage of the USMCA as negotiated will become significantly more difficult" if having to be approved through the incoming <a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th United States Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2016, around seven months before the next presidential election, Alexander declared his opposition to the Senate considering President Obama's nominee to the Supreme Court. Alexander said: "I believe it is reasonable to give the American people a voice by allowing the next president to fill this lifetime appointment to the Supreme Court." In September 2020, with less than two months to the next presidential election, Alexander supported an immediate vote on President Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by the death of justice <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a>. Alexander declared that "even during a presidential election year", "no one should be surprised that a Republican Senate majority would vote on a Republican president’s Supreme Court nomination".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump">Impeachment of Donald Trump</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Impeachment of Donald Trump"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_and_Lamar_Alexander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Alexander with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first impeachment trial of Donald Trump</a>, Alexander was seen as a key swing voter in the bid to allow witness testimony in the trial. Near midnight on January 30, he said that he would vote against witnesses in the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 31, Alexander voted against considering any motion to subpoena witnesses or documents. Alexander additionally voted for tabling four amendments: an amendment to subpoena <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mick_Mulvaney" title="Mick Mulvaney">Mick Mulvaney</a>, OMB employee Michael Duffey, and White House aide Robert Blair over the <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Ukraine scandal</a>, an amendment to subpoena Bolton regarding the Ukraine scandal, an amendment to have Bolton give oral deposition and to testify before the Senate, and an amendment to have the chief justice of the United States, John Roberts, to decide motions from any senator or party to subpoena relevant witnesses and documents that have relevance to the Impeachment articles. Alexander voted for a Senate resolution to the trial that passed, which concluded the witness testimony portion of the trial and moved to closing statements.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969, Alexander married Leslee "Honey" Buhler,<sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Lamar_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Lamar-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who grew up in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria, Texas</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a> in Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had met during a softball game for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> staff members.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together they have four children: Drew, Leslee, Kathryn, and Will. Drew passed away in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a six-month trip to Australia with his family in the late 1980s, Alexander wrote about their adventure in a book entitled <i>Six Months Off</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander is a <a href="/wiki/Classical_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical (music)">classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> pianist. He began taking piano lessons at age three, and won several competitions as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-6months_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6months-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2007, he played piano on singer <a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a>'s re-recording of her 1950 hit "<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Waltz" title="Tennessee Waltz">Tennessee Waltz</a>". He appeared on the record at the invitation of record executive <a href="/wiki/Mike_Curb" title="Mike Curb">Mike Curb</a>. Alexander and Page performed the song live at an April 4 fundraiser for his senatorial re-election campaign in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Schermerhorn_Symphony_Center" title="Schermerhorn Symphony Center">Schermerhorn Symphony Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While clerking for Judge Wisdom, he also played <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washboard_(musical_instrument)" title="Washboard (musical instrument)">washboard</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Street" title="Bourbon Street">Bourbon Street</a> nightclub. </p><p>Alexander is a member of <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SonsoftheRevolution_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SonsoftheRevolution-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a member and elder of Westminster Presbyterian Church in Nashville, a congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexander is an <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</a>, and used his Scouting experience in the Senate, sponsoring a 2010 resolution recognizing February 8, as "<a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> Day."<sup id="cite_ref-scout100_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scout100-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Tennessee US Senate election, 2014 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Lamar Alexander </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">849,748 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">61.9 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Ball">Gordon Ball</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">437,175 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">31.8 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Tennessee US Senate Republican primary election, 2014 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Party</b> </td> <td><b>Candidate</b> </td> <td><b>Votes</b> </td> <td><b>%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Lamar Alexander </td> <td>331,705 </td> <td>49.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_S._Carr" title="Joe S. Carr">Joe Carr</a> </td> <td>271,324 </td> <td>40.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>George Shea Flinn </td> <td>34,668 </td> <td>5.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Christian Agnew </td> <td>11,320 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Brenda Lenard </td> <td>7,908 </td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>John King </td> <td>7,748 </td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Erin Kent Magee </td> <td>3,366 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Tennessee US Senate election, 2008 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Lamar Alexander </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1,571,637 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">67.3 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+13.0 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Tuke" title="Bob Tuke">Bob Tuke</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">762,779 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">32.6 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Tennessee US Senate election, 2002 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Lamar Alexander </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">888,223 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">54.3 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clement" title="Bob Clement">Bob Clement</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">726,510 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">44.2 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Tennessee US Senate Republican primary election, 2002 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Party</b> </td> <td><b>Candidate</b> </td> <td><b>Votes</b> </td> <td><b>%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Lamar Alexander </td> <td>295,052 </td> <td>53.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Ed Bryant </td> <td>233,678 </td> <td>42.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Mary Taylor-Shelby </td> <td>5,589 </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>June Griffin </td> <td>4,930 </td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Michael Brent Todd </td> <td>4,002 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>James DuBose </td> <td>3,572 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Christopher Fenner </td> <td>1,552 </td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republican </td> <td>Write-ins </td> <td>102 </td> <td>0.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Tennessee gubernatorial election, 1982 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Lamar Alexander </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">737,693 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">59.56 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+3.72 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Randy Tyree </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">500,937 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">40.44 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Tennessee gubernatorial election, 1978 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Lamar Alexander </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">661,959 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">55.84 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Butcher" title="Jake Butcher">Jake Butcher</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">523,495 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">44.16 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Tennessee gubernatorial election, 1974 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanton" title="Ray Blanton">Ray Blanton</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">576,833 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">55.88 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Lamar Alexander </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">455,467 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">44.12 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 United States presidential election</a> (Republican primaries)</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> – 9,024,742 (58.82%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> – 3,184,943 (20.76%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a> – 1,751,187 (11.41%)</li> <li>Lamar Alexander – 495,590 (3.23%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> – 471,716 (3.08%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a> – 127,111 (0.83%)</li> <li>Unpledged delegates – 123,278 (0.80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Phil Gramm</a> – 71,456 (0.47%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dornan" title="Bob Dornan">Bob Dornan</a> – 42,140 (0.28%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morry_Taylor" title="Morry Taylor">Morry Taylor</a> – 21,180 (0.14%)</li></ul> <p><b>Republican Senate Minority Whip</b><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Trent Lott</a> (MS) – 25 (51.02%)</li> <li>Lamar Alexander (TN) – 24 (48.98%)</li></ul> <p><b>Senate Republican Conference Chairman</b><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lamar Alexander (TN) – 31 (65.96%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Richard Burr</a> (NC) – 16 (34.04%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">Lobbying in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tsla-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsla_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tn.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp53.pdf">Finding Aid for Governor Lamar Alexander Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616142500/http://www.tn.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp53.pdf">Archived</a> June 16, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1991. Retrieved: January 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6months-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-6months_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6months_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6months_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6months_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6months_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamar Alexander, <i>Six Months Off</i> (New York: Morrow, 1988), pp. 24–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405091513/http://www.scouting.org/About/FactSheets/Distinguished_EagleScouts.aspx">"Distinguished Eagle Scout Award"</a>. <i>scouting.org</i>. Boy Scouts of America. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scouting.org/About/FactSheets/Distinguished_EagleScouts.aspx">the original</a> on April 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scouting.org&rft.atitle=Distinguished+Eagle+Scout+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scouting.org%2FAbout%2FFactSheets%2FDistinguished_EagleScouts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/15691/lamar-alexander">"Lamar Alexander's Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112205128/http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/15691/lamar-alexander">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vote+Smart&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander%27s+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvotesmart.org%2Fcandidate%2Fbiography%2F15691%2Flamar-alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vaughnhome-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vaughnhome_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanderbilt.edu/rpw_center/vaughnhistory.php">"The Vaughn Home"</a>. <i>vanderbilt.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806080347/https://www.vanderbilt.edu/rpw_center/vaughnhistory.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vanderbilt.edu&rft.atitle=The+Vaughn+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanderbilt.edu%2Frpw_center%2Fvaughnhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vandymag-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vandymag_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vandymag_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127072242/https://news.vanderbilt.edu/vanderbiltmagazine/deep-roots-strong-tree/">"Deep Roots, Strong Tree"</a>. <i>Vanderbilt Magazine</i>. April 7, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vanderbilt.edu/vanderbiltmagazine/deep-roots-strong-tree/">the original</a> on January 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanderbilt+Magazine&rft.atitle=Deep+Roots%2C+Strong+Tree&rft.date=2010-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.vanderbilt.edu%2Fvanderbiltmagazine%2Fdeep-roots-strong-tree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbertAllison" class="citation web cs1">Ebert, Joel; Allison, Natalie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2018/12/17/sen-lamar-alexander-tennessee/2276521002">"Tennessee Sen. Lamar Alexander will not seek re-election in 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20181218011927/https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2018/12/17/sen-lamar-alexander-tennessee/2276521002/">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Tennessee+Sen.+Lamar+Alexander+will+not+seek+re-election+in+2020&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Allison%2C+Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Fsen-lamar-alexander-tennessee%2F2276521002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2014" class="citation news cs1">Field, Kelly (November 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/Lamar-Alexander-Wants-to/149807">"Lamar Alexander Wants to Simplify, Simplify, Simplify"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" title="The Chronicle of Higher Education">The Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719092243/http://www.chronicle.com/article/Lamar-Alexander-Wants-to/149807">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander+Wants+to+Simplify%2C+Simplify%2C+Simplify&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.com%2Farticle%2FLamar-Alexander-Wants-to%2F149807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317142805/http://millercenter.org/president/bush/essays/cabinet/689">"Lamar Alexander (1991–1993): Secretary of Education"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Miller_Center_of_Public_Affairs" title="Miller Center of Public Affairs">Miller Center of Public Affairs</a>, University of Virginia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/president/bush/essays/cabinet/689">the original</a> on March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lamar+Alexander+%281991%E2%80%931993%29%3A+Secretary+of+Education&rft.pub=Miller+Center+of+Public+Affairs%2C+University+of+Virginia.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fbush%2Fessays%2Fcabinet%2F689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-langsdon-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-langsdon_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillip Langsdon, <i>Tennessee: A Political History</i> (Franklin, Tenn.: Hillsboro Press, 2000), pp. 370–381, 370–393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cellsforsaleharmon-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cellsforsaleharmon_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWray1986" class="citation journal cs1">Wray, Harmon L. Jr. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201152305/http://beck.library.emory.edu/southernchanges/article.php?id=sc08-3_011">"Cells for Sale"</a>. <i>Southern Changes</i>. <b>8</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Southern_Regional_Council" title="Southern Regional Council">Southern Regional Council</a>: 3–6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beck.library.emory.edu/southernchanges/article.php?id=sc08-3_011">the original</a> on February 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Thanks to effective lobbying by the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and the American Civil Liberties Union of Tennessee, the CCA bid was tabled last year by the Democratically-controlled state legislature. The action came during a special session called for the prison crisis by Republican governor Lamar Alexander, a CCA supporter who once rented a garage apartment to law student Tom Beasley. Alexander has spent seven years overseeing an unconstitutional prison system but has never set foot inside one of his state's prisons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Changes&rft.atitle=Cells+for+Sale&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3-6&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Wray&rft.aufirst=Harmon+L.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeck.library.emory.edu%2Fsouthernchanges%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3Dsc08-3_011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=358825">Our Campaigns – 1974 TN Governor, Republican Primary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113041853/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=358825">Archived</a> January 13, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Our Campaigns</i>. Retrieved: January 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,879402,00.html">"Special Section: 200 Faces for the Future"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Vol. 104, no. 3. July 15, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328004851/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,879402,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Special+Section%3A+200+Faces+for+the+Future&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1974-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C879402%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSciolinoGerth1996" class="citation news cs1">Sciolino, Elaine; Gerth, Jeff (February 26, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/26/us/politics-lamar-alexander-behind-the-flannel-shirt-deep-washington-roots.html">"Politics: Lamar Alexander; Behind the Flannel Shirt, Deep Washington Roots"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512014316/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/26/us/politics-lamar-alexander-behind-the-flannel-shirt-deep-washington-roots.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Politics%3A+Lamar+Alexander%3B+Behind+the+Flannel+Shirt%2C+Deep+Washington+Roots&rft.date=1996-02-26&rft.aulast=Sciolino&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.au=Gerth%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F02%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolitics-lamar-alexander-behind-the-flannel-shirt-deep-washington-roots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2010" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Huma (May 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203010101/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2010/05/sen%2Dlamar%2Dalexanders%2Doffice%2Dtour%2Dwith%2Dframed%2Dflannel/">"Sen. Lamar Alexander's Office Tour — With Framed Flannel"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2010/05/sen-lamar-alexanders-office-tour-with-framed-flannel/">the original</a> on February 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Sen.+Lamar+Alexander%27s+Office+Tour+%E2%80%94+With+Framed+Flannel&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Huma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2F05%2Fsen-lamar-alexanders-office-tour-with-framed-flannel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span>, archived</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19781026&id=EE4aAAAAIBAJ&pg=6747%2C4152834">"Spicy Ingredients in Tennessee Race"</a>. <i>The Milwaukee Journal</i>. October 26, 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2015</span> – via Google News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milwaukee+Journal&rft.atitle=Spicy+Ingredients+in+Tennessee+Race&rft.date=1978-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1499%26dat%3D19781026%26id%3DEE4aAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6747%252C4152834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Alexander Pledges To Divest Self Of Stock". <i><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Banner" title="Nashville Banner">Nashville Banner</a></i>. October 3, 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nashville+Banner&rft.atitle=Alexander+Pledges+To+Divest+Self+Of+Stock&rft.date=1978-10-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred Rolater, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=97">Leonard Ray Blanton</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129225252/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=97">Archived</a> January 29, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Encyclopedia_of_History_and_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture">Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</a></i>, 2009. Retrieved: February 12, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keel Hunt, <i>Coup: The Day the Democrats Ousted Their Governor, Put Republican Lamar Alexander in Office Early, and Stopped a Pardon Scandal</i> (Vanderbilt University Press, 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcwherter-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcwherter_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcwherter_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Billy Stair, <i>The Life and Career of Ned McWherter</i> (State Public Affairs Office, 2011), pp. 67–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlessner2011" class="citation news cs1">Flessner, Dave (May 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2011/may/24/lamar-alexander-touts-tennessee/50370/">"Lamar Alexander touts Tennessee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press" title="Chattanooga Times Free Press">Chattanooga Times Free Press</a></i>. Chattanooga, Tennessee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328194944/https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2011/may/24/lamar-alexander-touts-tennessee/50370/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chattanooga+Times+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander+touts+Tennessee&rft.date=2011-05-24&rft.aulast=Flessner&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesfreepress.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Faroundregion%2Fstory%2F2011%2Fmay%2F24%2Flamar-alexander-touts-tennessee%2F50370%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tehc-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tehc_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carroll Van West, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=18">Lamar Alexander</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512194636/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=18">Archived</a> May 12, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," <i>Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i>, 2009. Retrieved: January 6, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Isabelle Frank, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nDYlwewPcT0C&q=%22better+schools%22+alexander&pg=PA121">Teachers: Economic Growth and Society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805054105/https://books.google.com/books?id=nDYlwewPcT0C&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121#v=onepage&q=%22better%20schools%22%20alexander">Archived</a> August 5, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (Psychology Press, 1984), p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/tdot/documents/TDOT-History.pdf">"A Brief History of TDOT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>tn.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Department_of_Transportation" title="Tennessee Department of Transportation">Tennessee Department of Transportation</a>. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200123205455/https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/tdot/documents/TDOT-History.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tn.gov&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+TDOT&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tn.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ftn%2Ftdot%2Fdocuments%2FTDOT-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2017" class="citation news cs1">Ebert, Joel (April 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2017/04/24/tennessee-gas-tax-increase-what-means-you/100839608/">"Tennessee gas tax increase: What it means for you"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a></i>. Nashville. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200604021318/https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2017/04/24/tennessee-gas-tax-increase-what-means-you/100839608/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Tennessee+gas+tax+increase%3A+What+it+means+for+you&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2Ftennessee-gas-tax-increase-what-means-you%2F100839608%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCutcheonBarone2013" class="citation book cs1">McCutcheon, Michael; Barone, Chuck (2013). <i>2014 Almanac of American Politics</i>. The University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2014+Almanac+of+American+Politics&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=McCutcheon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Barone%2C+Chuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.tennessee.edu/about/">"About the Office of the President"</a>. <i>utk.edu</i>. University of Tennessee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528102700/https://president.tennessee.edu/about/">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=utk.edu&rft.atitle=About+the+Office+of+the+President&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.tennessee.edu%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaschik1991" class="citation news cs1">Jaschik, Scott (September 4, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/che-data/articles.dir/articles-38.dir/issue-02.dir/02a03401.htm">"Rejecting Review Board's Advice, Alexander Grants Federal Recognition to Christian Accrediting Body"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(A40)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" title="The Chronicle of Higher Education">The Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Rejecting+Review+Board%27s+Advice%2C+Alexander+Grants+Federal+Recognition+to+Christian+Accrediting+Body&rft.date=1991-09-04&rft.aulast=Jaschik&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fche-data%2Farticles.dir%2Farticles-38.dir%2Fissue-02.dir%2F02a03401.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/WT/lib00179,0EB0EF6AF5F54465.html">"Accrediting body angers secretary of education"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>. November 7, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120171852/https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB0EF6AF5F54465&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Accrediting+body+angers+secretary+of+education&rft.date=1991-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.newsbank.com%2Fg%2FGooglePM%2FWT%2Flib00179%2C0EB0EF6AF5F54465.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/PI/lib00187,0EB2A28280FA2D5C.html">"Battle Lines Drawn on a College Diversity Debate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i>. October 20, 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Battle+Lines+Drawn+on+a+College+Diversity+Debate&rft.date=1991-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.newsbank.com%2Fg%2FGooglePM%2FPI%2Flib00187%2C0EB2A28280FA2D5C.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinosaurTRACS-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DinosaurTRACS_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandefur2002" class="citation news cs1">Sandefur, Timothy (March 24, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106133955/http://www.nexusjournal.org/2002judicial/dinosaurtracsRTP.htm">"Dinosaur TRACS: The Approaching Conflict between Establishment Clause Jurisprudence And College Accreditation Procedures"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nexus_(law_journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nexus (law journal) (page does not exist)">Nexus (law journal)</a> from <a href="/wiki/Chapman_University_School_of_Law" title="Chapman University School of Law">Chapman University School of Law</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nexusjournal.org/2002judicial/dinosaurtracsRTP.htm">the original</a> on January 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dinosaur+TRACS%3A+The+Approaching+Conflict+between+Establishment+Clause+Jurisprudence+And+College+Accreditation+Procedures&rft.date=2002-03-24&rft.aulast=Sandefur&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nexusjournal.org%2F2002judicial%2FdinosaurtracsRTP.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steve Levicoff, <i>When The TRACS Stop Short: An Evaluation And Critique Of The Transnational Association Of Christian Colleges And Schools</i>, (Institute on Religion and Law, 1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaschik1995" class="citation news cs1">Jaschik, Scott (June 16, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/che-data/articles.dir/art-41.dir/issue-40.dir/40a02801.htm">"Christian Accrediting Group Faulted in Federal Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" title="The Chronicle of Higher Education">The Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Christian+Accrediting+Group+Faulted+in+Federal+Review&rft.date=1995-06-16&rft.aulast=Jaschik&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fche-data%2Farticles.dir%2Fart-41.dir%2Fissue-40.dir%2F40a02801.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiffren1995" class="citation journal cs1">Schiffren, Lisa (September 1995). "The Man From Tennessee". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i>. Arlington, Virginia: 35–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Spectator&rft.atitle=The+Man+From+Tennessee&rft.pages=35-36&rft.date=1995-09&rft.aulast=Schiffren&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213165912/https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/news/richard_light_faculty_spotlight.htm">"Center for Business and Government - Richard Light Faculty Spotlight"</a>. <i>hks.harvard.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/news/richard_light_faculty_spotlight.htm">the original</a> on December 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hks.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=Center+for+Business+and+Government+-+Richard+Light+Faculty+Spotlight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hks.harvard.edu%2Fm-rcbg%2Fnews%2Frichard_light_faculty_spotlight.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christcenteredmall.com/news/politics/Republican-Race/alexander-profile.htm">"Biography of Lamar Alexander"</a>. <i>Christ-Centered Mall, Inc., US</i>. May 29, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060826035746/http://www.christcenteredmall.com/news/politics/Republican-Race/alexander-profile.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christ-Centered+Mall%2C+Inc.%2C+US&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Lamar+Alexander&rft.date=2017-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christcenteredmall.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2FRepublican-Race%2Falexander-profile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenneberger1999" class="citation news cs1">Henneberger, Melinda (August 12, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/12/us/alexander-after-6-year-run-is-short-on-time-and-money.html">"Alexander, After 6-Year Run, Is Short on Time and Money"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912131333/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/12/us/alexander-after-6-year-run-is-short-on-time-and-money.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alexander%2C+After+6-Year+Run%2C+Is+Short+on+Time+and+Money&rft.date=1999-08-12&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F08%2F12%2Fus%2Falexander-after-6-year-run-is-short-on-time-and-money.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=72">"TN US Senate - R Primary"</a>. <i>Our Campaigns</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120309/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=72">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+Campaigns&rft.atitle=TN+US+Senate+-+R+Primary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008041908/http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_104845.asp">"Alexander Running Again, Sets Fundraiser"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chattanoogan" title="The Chattanoogan">The Chattanoogan</a></i>. April 3, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_104845.asp">the original</a> on October 8, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chattanoogan&rft.atitle=Alexander+Running+Again%2C+Sets+Fundraiser&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chattanoogan.com%2Farticles%2Farticle_104845.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocker2012" class="citation web cs1">Locker, Richard (December 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113003011/http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2012/dec/02/alexander-says-hes-running-for-re-election-as/">"Alexander Says He's Running for Re-election as Tenn. Senator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Commercial_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis Commercial Appeal">Memphis Commercial Appeal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2012/dec/02/alexander-says-hes-running-for-re-election-as/">the original</a> on January 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Memphis+Commercial+Appeal&rft.atitle=Alexander+Says+He%27s+Running+for+Re-election+as+Tenn.+Senator&rft.date=2012-12-02&rft.aulast=Locker&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commercialappeal.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2Fdec%2F02%2Falexander-says-hes-running-for-re-election-as%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaju2014" class="citation news cs1">Raju, Manu (April 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/george-flinn-lamar-alexander-tennessee-105393.html">"Lamar Alexander's primary foe: 'We're friends'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610054343/http://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/george-flinn-lamar-alexander-tennessee-105393.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander%27s+primary+foe%3A+%27We%27re+friends%27&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft.aulast=Raju&rft.aufirst=Manu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2014%2F04%2Fgeorge-flinn-lamar-alexander-tennessee-105393.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerrison2013" class="citation web cs1">Gerrison, Joey (August 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130817074240/http://www.tennessean.com/article/20130816/NEWS02/308160101/Topple-Sen-Lamar-Alexander-TN-tea-party-going-it">"Topple Sen. Lamar Alexander? TN tea party going for it"</a>. <i>The Tennessean</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennessean.com/article/20130816/NEWS02/308160101/Topple-Sen-Lamar-Alexander-TN-tea-party-going-it">the original</a> on August 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Topple+Sen.+Lamar+Alexander%3F+TN+tea+party+going+for+it&rft.date=2013-08-16&rft.aulast=Gerrison&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Farticle%2F20130816%2FNEWS02%2F308160101%2FTopple-Sen-Lamar-Alexander-TN-tea-party-going-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLind2013" class="citation web cs1">Lind, J.R. (August 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nashvillepost.com/blogs/postpolitics/2013/8/14/im_sure_hell_take_this_under_advisement">"I'm sure he'll take this under advisement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville Post">Nashville Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105173518/http://nashvillepost.com/blogs/postpolitics/2013/8/14/im_sure_hell_take_this_under_advisement">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nashville+Post&rft.atitle=I%27m+sure+he%27ll+take+this+under+advisement&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnashvillepost.com%2Fblogs%2Fpostpolitics%2F2013%2F8%2F14%2Fim_sure_hell_take_this_under_advisement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeff2013" class="citation web cs1">Neff, Blake (August 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/159267-tea-party-groups-tell-alexander-to-quit/">"Tea Party groups tell Alexander to quit"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111230205/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/317179-tea-party-groups-tell-alexander-to-quit">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+groups+tell+Alexander+to+quit&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2Fnews%2F159267-tea-party-groups-tell-alexander-to-quit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson2014" class="citation web cs1">Levinson, Alexis (August 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollcall.com/2014/08/01/how-lamar-alexander-staved-off-his-primary-challenger-2/">"How Lamar Alexander Staved Off His Primary Challenger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807133936/https://www.rollcall.com/2014/08/01/how-lamar-alexander-staved-off-his-primary-challenger-2/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roll+Call&rft.atitle=How+Lamar+Alexander+Staved+Off+His+Primary+Challenger&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollcall.com%2F2014%2F08%2F01%2Fhow-lamar-alexander-staved-off-his-primary-challenger-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstermeier2014" class="citation web cs1">Ostermeier, Eric (August 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809202947/http://blog.lib.umn.edu/cspg/smartpolitics/2014/08/alexander_records_weakest_ever.php">"Alexander Records Weakest Primary Win for GOP US Senator in Tennessee History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.lib.umn.edu/cspg/smartpolitics/2014/08/alexander_records_weakest_ever.php">the original</a> on August 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+Records+Weakest+Primary+Win+for+GOP+US+Senator+in+Tennessee+History&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.aulast=Ostermeier&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.lib.umn.edu%2Fcspg%2Fsmartpolitics%2F2014%2F08%2Falexander_records_weakest_ever.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvlt.tv/home/headlines/11787751.html">Scientists Name Insect Species After Sen. Lamar Alexander</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180218091222/http://www.wvlt.tv/home/headlines/11787751.html">Archived</a> February 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Associated Press. November 24, 2007. Via WLVT TV (Knoxville, Tennessee). wvlt.tv. Retrieved February 17, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnappGriffithsMcClure2018" class="citation web cs1">Knapp, Emily; Griffiths, Brent; McClure, Jon (October 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/interactives/2018/brett-kavanaugh-senate-confirmation-vote-count/">"Kavanaugh Senate confirmation vote count: Here's how senators voted"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Kavanaugh+Senate+confirmation+vote+count%3A+Here%27s+how+senators+voted&rft.date=2018-10-06&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Brent&rft.au=McClure%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Finteractives%2F2018%2Fbrett-kavanaugh-senate-confirmation-vote-count%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabington2006" class="citation news cs1">Babington, Charles (November 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/15/AR2006111500533.html">"Lott Rejoins Senate Leadership"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206153204/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/15/AR2006111500533.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Lott+Rejoins+Senate+Leadership&rft.date=2006-11-16&rft.aulast=Babington&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F11%2F15%2FAR2006111500533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2007/11/alexander-announces-interest-in-conference-chair">"Alexander Announces Interest in Conference Chair"</a>. <i>alexander.senate.gov</i>. Office of Senator Lamar Alexander. November 26, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181227151321/https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2007/11/alexander-announces-interest-in-conference-chair">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=alexander.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Alexander+Announces+Interest+in+Conference+Chair&rft.date=2007-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexander.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%2F2007%2F11%2Falexander-announces-interest-in-conference-chair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBresnahan2007" class="citation news cs1">Bresnahan, John (December 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alexander-wins-senate-gop-conference-chairmanship/">"Alexander Wins Senate GOP Conference Chairmanship"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223022904/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/12/06/politics/politico/thecrypt/main3583801.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Alexander+Wins+Senate+GOP+Conference+Chairmanship&rft.date=2007-12-06&rft.aulast=Bresnahan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Falexander-wins-senate-gop-conference-chairmanship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaju2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manu_Raju" title="Manu Raju">Raju, Manu</a> (September 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0911/63919.html">"Lamar Alexander quitting leadership post in Senate"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321205744/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0911/63919.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander+quitting+leadership+post+in+Senate&rft.date=2011-09-20&rft.aulast=Raju&rft.aufirst=Manu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0911%2F63919.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeBradner2018" class="citation news cs1">Cole, Devan; Bradner, Eric (December 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/12/17/politics/lamar-alexander-retirement/index.html">"Sen. Lamar Alexander will not seek re-election in 2020"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328004847/https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/12/17/politics/lamar-alexander-retirement/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Sen.+Lamar+Alexander+will+not+seek+re-election+in+2020&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Devan&rft.au=Bradner%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-m.cnn.com%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Fpolitics%2Flamar-alexander-retirement%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverett2018" class="citation news cs1">Everett, Burgess (December 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/amp/story/2018/12/17/sen-lamar-alexander-will-not-run-for-reelection-1067254">"Lamar Alexander to exit polarized Senate: 'I just wish it were easier'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. Arlington County, Virginia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217235631/https://www.politico.com/amp/story/2018/12/17/sen-lamar-alexander-will-not-run-for-reelection-1067254">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander+to+exit+polarized+Senate%3A+%27I+just+wish+it+were+easier%27&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=Burgess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Famp%2Fstory%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Fsen-lamar-alexander-will-not-run-for-reelection-1067254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oversight-index.thelugarcenter.org/">"Congressional Oversight Hearing Index"</a>. <i>Welcome to the Congressional Oversight Hearing Index</i>. The Lugar Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+the+Congressional+Oversight+Hearing+Index&rft.atitle=Congressional+Oversight+Hearing+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foversight-index.thelugarcenter.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marchofdimes1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marchofdimes1_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903131017/http://www.marchofdimes.org/advocacy/preemie-reauthorization-act.aspx">"PREEMIE Reauthorization Act (S. 252/H.R. 541)"</a>. March of Dimes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marchofdimes.org/advocacy/preemie-reauthorization-act.aspx">the original</a> on September 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PREEMIE+Reauthorization+Act+%28S.+252%2FH.R.+541%29&rft.pub=March+of+Dimes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marchofdimes.org%2Fadvocacy%2Fpreemie-reauthorization-act.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252sum-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252sum_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th/senate-bill/252">"S. 252 – Summary"</a>. <i>congress.gov</i>. United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111220459/http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th/senate-bill/252">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=congress.gov&rft.atitle=S.+252+%E2%80%93+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F113th%2Fsenate-bill%2F252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140121163558/http://riponadvance.com/news/alexander-bill-pushes-aca-enrollment-data/6275">"Alexander bill pushes for more ACA enrollment data"</a>. <i>The Ripon Advance</i>. January 20, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riponadvance.com/news/alexander-bill-pushes-aca-enrollment-data/6275">the original</a> on January 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ripon+Advance&rft.atitle=Alexander+bill+pushes+for+more+ACA+enrollment+data&rft.date=2014-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friponadvance.com%2Fnews%2Falexander-bill-pushes-aca-enrollment-data%2F6275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3362sum-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3362sum_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th/house-bill/3362">"H.R. 3362 – Summary"</a>. <i>congress.gov</i>. United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108011045/http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th/house-bill/3362">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=congress.gov&rft.atitle=H.R.+3362+%E2%80%93+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F113th%2Fhouse-bill%2F3362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrade2002" class="citation web cs1">Schrade, Brad (September 27, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennessean.com/government/archives/02/09/22864807.shtml?Element_ID=22864807">"On Alexander swing, Cheney demands Iraqi compliance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=On+Alexander+swing%2C+Cheney+demands+Iraqi+compliance&rft.date=2002-09-27&rft.aulast=Schrade&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fgovernment%2Farchives%2F02%2F09%2F22864807.shtml%3FElement_ID%3D22864807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927143958/http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_47008.asp">"Alexander Cites Lessons Of Iraq"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chattanoogan" title="The Chattanoogan">The Chattanoogan</a></i>. February 19, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_47008.asp">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chattanoogan&rft.atitle=Alexander+Cites+Lessons+Of+Iraq&rft.date=2004-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chattanoogan.com%2Farticles%2Farticle_47008.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehrer2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Lehrer, Jim</a> (July 19, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080118132042/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/politics/july-dec07/iraq_07-19.html">"Alexander Touts Iraq Study Group Findings (Transcript)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_Newshour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Newshour">PBS Newshour</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/politics/july-dec07/iraq_07-19.html">the original</a> on January 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+Newshour&rft.atitle=Alexander+Touts+Iraq+Study+Group+Findings+%28Transcript%29&rft.date=2007-07-19&rft.aulast=Lehrer&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fbb%2Fpolitics%2Fjuly-dec07%2Firaq_07-19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2007" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Bartholomew (September 9, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310173751/http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2007/sep/09/9lamar/">"Alexander champions Iraq course"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Commercial_Appeal" title="The Commercial Appeal">The Commercial Appeal</a></i>. Memphis, Tennessee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2007/sep/09/9lamar/">the original</a> on March 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Commercial+Appeal&rft.atitle=Alexander+champions+Iraq+course&rft.date=2007-09-09&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Bartholomew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commercialappeal.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Fsep%2F09%2F9lamar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsenstadt2009" class="citation web cs1">Isenstadt, Alex (July 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113225331/http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=7EEB62F6-18FE-70B2-A87EF07CA7801749">"Committee: Health care overhaul a yes"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2009/07/committee-health-care-overhaul-a-yes-024964">the original</a> on January 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Committee%3A+Health+care+overhaul+a+yes&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft.aulast=Isenstadt&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2009%2F07%2Fcommittee-health-care-overhaul-a-yes-024964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2009" class="citation web cs1">Woods, Jeff (July 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804163459/http://blogs.nashvillescene.com/pitw/2009/07/lamar_alexander_its_not_time.php">"Lamar Alexander: 'It's Not Time'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Scene" title="Nashville Scene">Nashville Scene</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nashvillescene.com/news/pith-in-the-wind/article/13029721/lamar-alexander-its-n">the original</a> on August 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nashville+Scene&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander%3A+%27It%27s+Not+Time%27&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nashvillescene.com%2Fnews%2Fpith-in-the-wind%2Farticle%2F13029721%2Flamar-alexander-its-n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senate-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-senate_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396">"Roll Call Vote 111th Congress - 1st Session: On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3590 as Amended)"</a>. <i>senate.gov</i>. United States Senate. March 28, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202033/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=senate.gov&rft.atitle=Roll+Call+Vote+111th+Congress+-+1st+Session%3A+On+Passage+of+the+Bill+%28H.R.+3590+as+Amended%29&rft.date=2007-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Flegislative%2FLIS%2Froll_call_lists%2Froll_call_vote_cfm.cfm%3Fcongress%3D111%26session%3D1%26vote%3D00396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00105">"Roll Call Vote 111th Congress - 2nd Session: On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 4872 As Amended)"</a>. <i>Senate.gov</i>. United States Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804082122/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00105">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate.gov&rft.atitle=Roll+Call+Vote+111th+Congress+-+2nd+Session%3A+On+Passage+of+the+Bill+%28H.R.+4872+As+Amended%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Flegislative%2FLIS%2Froll_call_lists%2Froll_call_vote_cfm.cfm%3Fcongress%3D111%26session%3D2%26vote%3D00105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBashFoxBarrett2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Bash" title="Dana Bash">Bash, Dana</a>; Fox, Lauren; Barrett, Ted (May 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/05/politics/senate-republican-health-care-men/index.html">"GOP defends having no women in health care group"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614131347/http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/05/politics/senate-republican-health-care-men/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=GOP+defends+having+no+women+in+health+care+group&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Bash&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.au=Fox%2C+Lauren&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Ted&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F05%2F05%2Fpolitics%2Fsenate-republican-health-care-men%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan2017" class="citation news cs1">Bryan, Bob (June 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/claire-mccaskill-senate-gop-healthcare-bill-secrecy-attack-2017-6">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We have no idea what's being proposed': Democratic senator gives impassioned speech on GOP healthcare bill secrecy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615095821/http://www.businessinsider.com/claire-mccaskill-senate-gop-healthcare-bill-secrecy-attack-2017-6">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=%27We+have+no+idea+what%27s+being+proposed%27%3A+Democratic+senator+gives+impassioned+speech+on+GOP+healthcare+bill+secrecy&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fclaire-mccaskill-senate-gop-healthcare-bill-secrecy-attack-2017-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLitvan2017" class="citation news cs1">Litvan, Laura (June 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-06-13/senate-republicans-writing-obamacare-repeal-behind-closed-doors">"Senate Republicans Are Writing Obamacare Repeal Behind Closed Doors"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614064252/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-06-13/senate-republicans-writing-obamacare-repeal-behind-closed-doors">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Senate+Republicans+Are+Writing+Obamacare+Repeal+Behind+Closed+Doors&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.aulast=Litvan&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticles%2F2017-06-13%2Fsenate-republicans-writing-obamacare-repeal-behind-closed-doors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2017" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Dylan (June 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/6/9/15763926/senate-republican-health-care-plan-path">"Senate Republicans are closer to repealing Obamacare than you think"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619154055/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/6/9/15763926/senate-republican-health-care-plan-path">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Senate+Republicans+are+closer+to+repealing+Obamacare+than+you+think&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2017%2F6%2F9%2F15763926%2Fsenate-republican-health-care-plan-path&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheobald2010" class="citation news cs1">Theobald, Bill (January 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theleafchronicle.com/article/20100117/OPINION/1170329">"Alexander among most bipartisan of GOP senators"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Leaf-Chronicle" title="The Leaf-Chronicle">The Leaf-Chronicle</a></i>. WASHINGTON: Gannett<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Leaf-Chronicle&rft.atitle=Alexander+among+most+bipartisan+of+GOP+senators&rft.date=2010-01-17&rft.aulast=Theobald&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theleafchronicle.com%2Farticle%2F20100117%2FOPINION%2F1170329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228204805/http://www.nationaljournal.com/njmagazine/nw_20100225_4841.php">"2009 Vote Ratings"</a>. <i>National Journal</i>. February 27, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/njmagazine/nw_20100225_4841.php">the original</a> on February 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Journal&rft.atitle=2009+Vote+Ratings&rft.date=2010-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaljournal.com%2Fnjmagazine%2Fnw_20100225_4841.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2009" class="citation speech cs1">Alexander, Lamar (July 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090808175953/https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Speeches.Detail&Speech_Id=f72c61ff-8599-4615-979e-05bf38d66a8a"><i>Floor Remarks of U.S. Senator Lamar Alexander (R-Tenn.) -- Nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor</i></a> (Speech). Event. United States Capitol: United States Senate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Speeches.Detail&Speech_Id=f72c61ff-8599-4615-979e-05bf38d66a8a">the original</a> on August 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Floor+Remarks+of+U.S.+Senator+Lamar+Alexander+%28R-Tenn.%29+--+Nomination+of+Judge+Sonia+Sotomayor&rft.place=United+States+Capitol&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Lamar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexander.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%3FFuseAction%3DSpeeches.Detail%26Speech_Id%3Df72c61ff-8599-4615-979e-05bf38d66a8a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.webservices.illinois.edu/2882/the_heart_of_the_matter___report.pdf"><i>Heart of the Matter</i>, American Academy of Arts and Sciences; 2013; pages 6, 7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Silver, Nate</a> (April 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/18/modeling-the-senates-vote-on-gun-control/">"Modeling the Senate's Vote on Gun Control"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420020054/http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/18/modeling-the-senates-vote-on-gun-control/">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+Senate%27s+Vote+on+Gun+Control&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F18%2Fmodeling-the-senates-vote-on-gun-control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobb-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cobb_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSher2017" class="citation web cs1">Sher, Andy (January 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/politics/national/story/2017/jan/29/corker-alexander-call-trumps-immigration-ban-poorly-implemented-and-confusing/410085/">"Corker, Alexander call Trump's immigration ban 'poorly implemented' and 'confusing'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press" title="Chattanooga Times Free Press">Chattanooga Times Free Press</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130005143/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/politics/national/story/2017/jan/29/corker-alexander-call-trumps-immigration-ban-poorly-implemented-and-confusing/410085/">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chattanooga+Times+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Corker%2C+Alexander+call+Trump%27s+immigration+ban+%27poorly+implemented%27+and+%27confusing%27&rft.date=2017-01-29&rft.aulast=Sher&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesfreepress.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnational%2Fstory%2F2017%2Fjan%2F29%2Fcorker-alexander-call-trumps-immigration-ban-poorly-implemented-and-confusing%2F410085%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarney2018" class="citation news cs1">Carney, Jordain (March 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/379392-senate-sides-with-trump-on-providing-saudi-military-support/">"Senate sides with Trump on providing Saudi military support"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228031125/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/379392-senate-sides-with-trump-on-providing-saudi-military-support">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Senate+sides+with+Trump+on+providing+Saudi+military+support&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Jordain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fsenate%2F379392-senate-sides-with-trump-on-providing-saudi-military-support%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton2013" class="citation web cs1">Barton, Paul C. (March 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/03/26/wind-energy-nuclear-power-lamar-alexander/2022493/">"Wind blowing against Alexander's energy arguments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006002643/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/03/26/wind-energy-nuclear-power-lamar-alexander/2022493/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Wind+blowing+against+Alexander%27s+energy+arguments&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Paul+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F03%2F26%2Fwind-energy-nuclear-power-lamar-alexander%2F2022493%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrosnan2006" class="citation news cs1">Brosnan, James (July 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060822173455/http://www.abqtrib.com/albq/nw_national_government/article/0%2C2564%2CALBQ_19861_4847136%2C00.html">"Republicans not warming up to Gore's polemic"</a>. <i>Scripps Howard News Service</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abqtrib.com/albq/nw_national_government/article/0,2564,ALBQ_19861_4847136,00.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scripps+Howard+News+Service&rft.atitle=Republicans+not+warming+up+to+Gore%27s+polemic&rft.date=2006-07-15&rft.aulast=Brosnan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqtrib.com%2Falbq%2Fnw_national_government%2Farticle%2F0%2C2564%2CALBQ_19861_4847136%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFearnow2019" class="citation news cs1">Fearnow, Benjamin (March 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327162427/https://www.newsweek.com/climate-change-green-new-deal-lamar-alexander-manhattan-project-nuclear-clean-1376942?amp=1">"REPUBLICAN SENATOR PROPOSES 'NEW MANHATTAN PROJECT,' RIDICULES GREEN NEW DEAL AS 'ASSAULT ON CARS, COWS'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/climate-change-green-new-deal-lamar-alexander-manhattan-project-nuclear-clean-1376942%3famp=1">the original</a> on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=REPUBLICAN+SENATOR+PROPOSES+%27NEW+MANHATTAN+PROJECT%2C%27+RIDICULES+GREEN+NEW+DEAL+AS+%27ASSAULT+ON+CARS%2C+COWS%27&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft.aulast=Fearnow&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fclimate-change-green-new-deal-lamar-alexander-manhattan-project-nuclear-clean-1376942%253famp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2019" class="citation news cs1">Alexander, Lamar (March 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chattanoogan.com/2019/3/27/387255/Senator-Alexander-The-Green-New-Deal.aspx">"Senator Alexander: The Green New Deal Would Cost Trillions Annually—Here's A Better Idea (Op- ed)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chattanoogan" title="The Chattanoogan">The Chattanoogan</a></i>. Chattanooga, Tennessee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328040400/https://www.chattanoogan.com/2019/3/27/387255/Senator-Alexander-The-Green-New-Deal.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chattanoogan&rft.atitle=Senator+Alexander%3A+The+Green+New+Deal+Would+Cost+Trillions+Annually%E2%80%94Here%27s+A+Better+Idea+%28Op-+ed%29&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Lamar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chattanoogan.com%2F2019%2F3%2F27%2F387255%2FSenator-Alexander-The-Green-New-Deal.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2008" class="citation journal cs1">Alexander, Lamar (Summer 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issues.org/alexander/">"A New Manhattan Project for Clean Energy Independence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_Science_and_Technology" title="Issues in Science and Technology">Issues in Science and Technology</a></i>. <b>24</b> (4). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042428/https://issues.org/alexander/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Issues+in+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+New+Manhattan+Project+for+Clean+Energy+Independence&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Lamar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissues.org%2Falexander%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverett2018" class="citation news cs1">Everett, Burgess (November 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/21/trade-senate-republicans-trump-canada-mexico-1010053">"GOP senators seek quick passage of Mexico-Canada trade deal"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011931/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/21/trade-senate-republicans-trump-canada-mexico-1010053">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=GOP+senators+seek+quick+passage+of+Mexico-Canada+trade+deal&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=Burgess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2018%2F11%2F21%2Ftrade-senate-republicans-trump-canada-mexico-1010053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesjardins2020" class="citation news cs1">Desjardins, Lisa (September 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-every-republican-senator-has-said-about-filling-a-supreme-court-vacancy-in-an-election-year">"What every Republican senator has said about filling a Supreme Court vacancy in an election year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031171254/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-every-republican-senator-has-said-about-filling-a-supreme-court-vacancy-in-an-election-year">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=What+every+Republican+senator+has+said+about+filling+a+Supreme+Court+vacancy+in+an+election+year&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fpolitics%2Fwhat-every-republican-senator-has-said-about-filling-a-supreme-court-vacancy-in-an-election-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriceSullivan2020" class="citation news cs1">Brice, Makini; Sullivan, Andy (January 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-impeachment-alexander-idUSKBN1ZU0DF">"Key senator Alexander says he will not vote for impeachment witnesses"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131041810/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-impeachment-alexander-idUSKBN1ZU0DF">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Key+senator+Alexander+says+he+will+not+vote+for+impeachment+witnesses&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Brice&rft.aufirst=Makini&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-impeachment-alexander-idUSKBN1ZU0DF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2020-01-31/pdf/CREC-2020-01-31.pdf">Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 116th Congress, Second Session</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Vol. 166. January 31, 2020. pp. S766–S767. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202012749/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2020-01-31/pdf/CREC-2020-01-31.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record%3A+Proceedings+and+Debates+of+the+116th+Congress%2C+Second+Session&rft.pages=S766-S767&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCREC-2020-01-31%2Fpdf%2FCREC-2020-01-31.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2020/1/31/senate-section/article/S769-4">TEXT OF AMENDMENTS; Congressional Record</a> (Report). Vol. 166. January 31, 2020. pp. S769–S772. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203100454/https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2020/1/31/senate-section/article/S769-4">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=TEXT+OF+AMENDMENTS%3B+Congressional+Record&rft.pages=S769-S772&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fcongressional-record%2F2020%2F1%2F31%2Fsenate-section%2Farticle%2FS769-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meet_Lamar-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Lamar_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/lamaralexander-bio">"Lamar Alexander - Biography"</a>. <i>alexander.senate.gov</i>. Office of Senator Lamar Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201005215732/https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/lamaralexander-bio">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alexander.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Lamar+Alexander+-+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexander.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%2Flamaralexander-bio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=HoneyAlexander">"Honey Alexander"</a>. <i>alexander.senate.gov</i>. Office of Senator Lamar Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007034617/http://alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=HoneyAlexander">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alexander.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Honey+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falexander.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%3Fp%3DHoneyAlexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2018/12/17/lamar-alexander-reelection-senate-timeline-achievements/2336308002/">"Sen. Lamar Alexander: Key moments in his life and career"</a>. <i>The Tennessean</i>. December 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Sen.+Lamar+Alexander%3A+Key+moments+in+his+life+and+career&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Flamar-alexander-reelection-senate-timeline-achievements%2F2336308002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/lamar-alexander/six-months-off-an-american-familys-australian-a/">"Six Months Off: An American Family's Australian Adventure"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews" title="Kirkus Reviews">Kirkus Reviews</a></i>. September 22, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035525/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/lamar-alexander/six-months-off-an-american-familys-australian-a/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=Six+Months+Off%3A+An+American+Family%27s+Australian+Adventure&rft.date=1988-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Flamar-alexander%2Fsix-months-off-an-american-familys-australian-a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928201719/http://www.rctimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070404%2FENTERTAINMENT01%2F704040477%2F1005%2FMTCN0303">"Songbird, Senator Team Up on "Waltz"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Tennessean</i>. April 3, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rctimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070404/ENTERTAINMENT01/704040477/1005/MTCN0303">the original</a> on September 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Songbird%2C+Senator+Team+Up+on+%22Waltz%22&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rctimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20070404%2FENTERTAINMENT01%2F704040477%2F1005%2FMTCN0303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SonsoftheRevolution-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SonsoftheRevolution_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradleyfoundation.org/SR/Flintlock/Drumbeat42.pdf">"Reports from State Societies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Drumbeat</i>. Independence, Mo.: General Society Sons of the Revolution. Winter 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725101530/http://www.bradleyfoundation.org/SR/Flintlock/Drumbeat42.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drumbeat&rft.atitle=Reports+from+State+Societies&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradleyfoundation.org%2FSR%2FFlintlock%2FDrumbeat42.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2018/12/alexander-statement-on-2020-senate-election">"Alexander Statement on 2020 Senate Election"</a>. <i>alexander.senate.gov</i>. Office of Senator Lamar Alexander. December 17, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113223429/https://www.alexander.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2018/12/alexander-statement-on-2020-senate-election">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alexander.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Alexander+Statement+on+2020+Senate+Election&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexander.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%2F2018%2F12%2Falexander-statement-on-2020-senate-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nashvillemedicalnews.com/alexander-wont-run-in-2020-cms-2823">"Alexander Won't Run in 2020"</a>. <i>Nashville Medical News</i>. December 17, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803051217/https://www.nashvillemedicalnews.com/alexander-wont-run-in-2020-cms-2823">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nashville+Medical+News&rft.atitle=Alexander+Won%27t+Run+in+2020&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nashvillemedicalnews.com%2Falexander-wont-run-in-2020-cms-2823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nashvillewpc.org/custpage.cfm?sec_id=29893">"Get to Know Us"</a>. <i>nashvillewpc.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120171853/http://nashvillewpc.org/custpage.cfm?sec_id=29893">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nashvillewpc.org&rft.atitle=Get+to+Know+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnashvillewpc.org%2Fcustpage.cfm%3Fsec_id%3D29893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scout100-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scout100_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoutingnews.org/senate-100th-bsa/">"Senate Recognizes 100th Anniversary of the Boy Scouts"</a>. <i>Scouting News</i>. October 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scouting+News&rft.atitle=Senate+Recognizes+100th+Anniversary+of+the+Boy+Scouts&rft.date=2009-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoutingnews.org%2Fsenate-100th-bsa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=13494">"US President - R Primaries"</a>. <i>ourcampaigns.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223530/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=13494">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=US+President+-+R+Primaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D13494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=309016">"US Senate Assistant Minority Leader"</a>. <i>ourcampaigns.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328004934/https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=309016">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=US+Senate+Assistant+Minority+Leader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D309016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=403698">"US Senate Republican Conference Chairman"</a>. <i>ourcampaigns.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328005009/https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=403698">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=US+Senate+Republican+Conference+Chairman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D403698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALamar+Alexander" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>The Tennesseans: A People and Their Land.</i> Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1981.</li> <li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>Friends, Japanese and Tennesseans: A Model of U.S.-Japan Cooperation.</i> New York: Harper and Row, 1986.</li> <li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>Steps Along the Way: A Governor's Scrapbook.</i> Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1986.</li> <li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>Six Months Off: An American Family's Australian Adventure.</i> New York: William Morrow, 1988.</li> <li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>We Know What to Do: A Political Maverick Talks with America.</i> New York: William Morrow, 1995.</li> <li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>Lamar Alexander's Little Plaid Book.</i> Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 1998.</li> <li>Alexander, Lamar. <i>Going to War in Sailboats: Why Nuclear Power Beats Windmills for America's Green Energy Future.</i> 2010.</li> <li>Hunt, Keel. <i>Coup: The Day the Democrats Ousted Their Governor, Put Republican Lamar Alexander in Office Early, and Stopped a Pardon Scandal</i> (Vanderbilt University Press, 2013) 275 pp.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=a000360">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TN00058">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/lamar-alexander/1695">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/15691">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Lamar Alexander</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Lamar Alexander">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="c:Lamar Alexander">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Lamar Alexander">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="q:Lamar Alexander">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Lamar Alexander">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Lamar Alexander">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lamar_Alexander" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Lamar Alexander">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDrmujKtmMI"><span class="plainlinks">Francis Heilbut radio interview with Lamar Alexander</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, WNCN-FM, May 13, 1983</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?5">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Dunn" title="Winfield Dunn">Winfield Dunn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">Governor of Tennessee</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1974_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1978_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1978</a>, <a href="/wiki/1982_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1982</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Dunn" title="Winfield Dunn">Winfield Dunn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2002 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2008 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2014 United States Senate election in Tennessee">2014</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Bill Hagerty</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Jon Kyl</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate">Chair of the Senate Republican Conference</a> </b><br />2007–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">John Thune</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanton" title="Ray Blanton">Ray Blanton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">Governor of Tennessee</a> </b><br />1979–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ned_McWherter" title="Ned McWherter">Ned McWherter</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Carlin" title="John W. Carlin">John Carlin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</a> </b><br />1985–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Cavazos" title="Lauro Cavazos">Lauro Cavazos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States Secretary of Education</a> </b><br />1991–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Riley" title="Richard Riley">Richard Riley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Boling" title="Edward J. Boling">Edward Boling</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_system" title="University of Tennessee system">University of Tennessee System</a> </b><br />1988–1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnson_(academic)" title="Joseph E. Johnson (academic)">Joe Johnson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from Tennessee</a> </b><br />2003–2021 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Bill Frist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">Bob Corker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">Marsha Blackburn</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Bill Hagerty</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bennett_(politician)" title="Bob Bennett (politician)">Bob Bennett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Senate Rules Committee</a> </b><br />2011–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Roberts" title="Pat Roberts">Pat Roberts</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enzi" title="Mike Enzi">Mike Enzi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Senate Health Committee</a> </b><br />2013–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Senate Health Committee</a> </b><br />2015–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Morley_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn Morley Martin">Lynn Morley Martin</a></div><i><b>as Former US Cabinet Member </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former US Cabinet Member</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a></div><i><b>as Former US Cabinet Member </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_education" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSecEd" title="Template:USSecEd"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSecEd" title="Template talk:USSecEd"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSecEd" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSecEd"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States secretaries of education</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler">Hufstedler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrel_Bell" title="Terrel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Cavazos" title="Lauro Cavazos">Cavazos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Riley" title="Richard Riley">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Paige" title="Rod Paige">Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Spellings" title="Margaret Spellings">Spellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Duncan" title="Arne Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King_Jr." title="John King Jr.">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_DeVos" title="Betsy DeVos">DeVos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Cardona</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Education.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="Template:United States senators from Tennessee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="Template talk:United States senators from Tennessee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Tennessee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">United States senators from Tennessee</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cocke" title="William Cocke">Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">A. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Smith_(surveyor)" title="Daniel Smith (surveyor)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eaton_(politician)" title="John Eaton (politician)">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_H._Foster" title="Ephraim H. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_O._P._Nicholson" title="Alfred O. P. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_H._Foster" title="Ephraim H. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_L._Turney" title="Hopkins L. Turney">Turney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Jones" title="James C. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_T._Patterson" title="David T. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parson_Brownlow" title="Parson Brownlow">Brownlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Key" title="David M. Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Bailey" title="James E. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_E._Jackson" title="Howell E. Jackson">H. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_C._Whitthorne" title="Washington C. Whitthorne">Whitthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bate" title="William B. Bate">Bate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Frazier" title="James B. Frazier">Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Lea_(American_politician,_born_1879)" title="Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879)">Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gore_Sr." title="Albert Gore Sr.">Gore Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Brock III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sasser" title="Jim Sasser">Sasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Frist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">Corker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Blount" title="William Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cocke" title="William Cocke">Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Smith_(surveyor)" title="Daniel Smith (surveyor)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenkin_Whiteside" title="Jenkin Whiteside">Whiteside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Wharton" title="Jesse Wharton">Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">A. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_O._Anderson" title="Alexander O. Anderson">A. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Jarnagin" title="Spencer Jarnagin">Jarnagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_O._P._Nicholson" title="Alfred O. P. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Fowler" title="Joseph S. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cooper_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Henry Cooper (Tennessee politician)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Turley" title="Thomas B. Turley">Turley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Carmack" title="Edward W. Carmack">Carmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Love_Taylor" title="Robert Love Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newell_Sanders" title="Newell Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Webb" title="William R. Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Shields" title="John K. Shields">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Tyson" title="Lawrence Tyson">Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Brock" title="William E. Brock">Brock I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_L._Bachman" title="Nathan L. Bachman">Bachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Berry" title="George L. Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stewart_(politician)" title="Tom Stewart (politician)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Walters" title="Herbert S. Walters">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Bass" title="Ross Bass">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Mathews" title="Harlan Mathews">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Hagerty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republican_Conference_chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Republican_Conference_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Republican Conference chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Republican_Conference_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Republican Conference chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Republican_Conference_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Republican Conference chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Conference_chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_Republican_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference">Republican Conference chairs of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">J. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">E. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Chas. Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Millikin" title="Eugene Millikin">Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Cotton" title="Norris Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Curtis" title="Carl Curtis">C. T. Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Packwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._McClure" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chafee" title="John Chafee">Chafee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_III" title="Connie Mack III">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Kyl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_HELP_chairs" title="Template:US Senate HELP chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_HELP_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate HELP chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_HELP_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate HELP chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education/Education and Labor<br />(1869–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Sawyer" title="Frederick A. Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orris_S._Ferry" title="Orris S. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Patterson" title="John J. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Bailey" title="James E. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Blair" title="Henry W. Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Carey" title="Joseph M. Carey">Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Shoup" title="George L. Shoup">Shoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Kyle" title="James H. Kyle">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._McComas" title="Louis E. McComas">McComas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_P._Dolliver" title="Jonathan P. Dolliver">Dolliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Kenyon_(Iowa_politician)" title="William S. Kenyon (Iowa politician)">Kenyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_H._Metcalf" title="Jesse H. Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Murray" title="James E. Murray">Murray</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor and Public Welfare<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Murray" title="James E. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Alexander_Smith" title="H. Alexander Smith">A. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_A._Williams" title="Harrison A. Williams">Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor and Human Resources<br />(1977–1999)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_A._Williams" title="Harrison A. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kassebaum" title="Nancy Kassebaum">Kassebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions<br />(1999–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Gregg" title="Judd Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enzi" title="Mike Enzi">Enzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Harkin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_National_Governors_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Governors_Association_chairs" title="Template:National Governors Association chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Governors_Association_chairs" title="Template talk:National Governors Association chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Governors_Association_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Governors Association chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_National_Governors_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_E._Willson" title="Augustus E. Willson">Willson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._McGovern" title="Francis E. McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Spry" title="William Spry">Spry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Capper" title="Arthur Capper">Capper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Harrington" title="Emerson Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Allen" title="Henry J. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Sproul" title="William Cameron Sproul">Sproul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_H._Cox" title="Channing H. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Lee_Trinkle" title="Elbert Lee Trinkle">Trinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Brewster" title="Owen Brewster">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McMullen" title="Adam McMullen">McMullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dern" title="George Dern">Dern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_S._Case" title="Norman S. Case">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Garland_Pollard" title="John Garland Pollard">Pollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rolph" title="James Rolph">Rolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">McNutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Peery" title="George C. Peery">Peery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Leroy_Cochran" title="Robert Leroy Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_C._Stark" title="Lloyd C. Stark">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Vanderbilt_III" title="William Henry Vanderbilt III">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_O%27Conor" title="Herbert O'Conor">O'Conor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_B._Maw" title="Herbert B. Maw">Maw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Caldwell" title="Millard Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Hildreth" title="Horace Hildreth">Hildreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_C._Hunt" title="Lester C. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_Lane_Jr." title="William Preston Lane Jr.">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lausche" title="Frank Lausche">Lausche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Peterson" title="Val Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Shivers" title="Allan Shivers">Shivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_I._J._Thornton" title="Daniel I. J. Thornton">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennon" title="Robert F. Kennon">Kennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Langlie" title="Arthur B. Langlie">Langlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Stanley" title="Thomas B. Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton">Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeRoy_Collins" title="LeRoy Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNichols" title="Stephen McNichols">McNichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Powell" title="Wesley Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Rosellini" title="Albert Rosellini">Rosellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_Jr." title="John Anderson Jr.">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Sawyer" title="Grant Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reed" title="John H. Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Guy" title="William L. Guy">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_Ellington" title="Buford Ellington">Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Arthur_Love" title="John Arthur Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Hearnes" title="Warren E. Hearnes">Hearnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_A._Moore_Jr." title="Arch A. Moore Jr.">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Mandel" title="Marvin Mandel">Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Evans" title="Daniel J. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Rampton" title="Cal Rampton">Rampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Ray" title="Robert D. Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Andrus" title="Cecil Andrus">Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Askew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Milliken" title="William Milliken">Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Carroll" title="Julian Carroll">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Bowen" title="Otis Bowen">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">Busbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Snelling" title="Richard A. Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_M._Matheson" title="Scott M. Matheson">Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Thompson">J. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Carlin" title="John W. Carlin">Carlin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Sununu" title="John H. Sununu">Sununu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Baliles" title="Gerald Baliles">Baliles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Branstad" title="Terry Branstad">Branstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booth_Gardner" title="Booth Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_A._Campbell_Jr." title="Carroll A. Campbell Jr.">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">T. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Miller_(Nevada_governor)" title="Bob Miller (Nevada governor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Voinovich" title="George Voinovich">Voinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leavitt" title="Mike Leavitt">Leavitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parris_Glendening" title="Parris Glendening">Glendening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Engler" title="John Engler">Engler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Patton" title="Paul E. Patton">Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Kempthorne" title="Dirk Kempthorne">Kempthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Napolitano" title="Janet Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty" title="Tim Pawlenty">Pawlenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Douglas" title="Jim Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Manchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Gregoire" title="Christine Gregoire">Gregoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Heineman" title="Dave Heineman">Heineman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Markell" title="Jack Markell">Markell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fallin" title="Mary Fallin">Fallin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">Hickenlooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Herbert" title="Gary Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Sandoval" title="Brian Sandoval">Sandoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hogan" title="Larry Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson" title="Asa Hutchinson">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cox" title="Spencer Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Polis" title="Jared Polis">Polis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governor_of_Tennessee_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Tennessee" title="Template:Governors of Tennessee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Tennessee" title="Template talk:Governors of Tennessee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Tennessee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Tennessee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governor_of_Tennessee_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">Governor of Tennessee</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tennessee" title="List of governors of Tennessee">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Roane" title="Archibald Roane">Roane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Blount" title="Willie Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McMinn" title="Joseph McMinn">McMinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carroll_(Tennessee_politician)" title="William Carroll (Tennessee politician)">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hall_(governor)" title="William Hall (governor)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carroll_(Tennessee_politician)" title="William Carroll (Tennessee politician)">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Cannon" title="Newton Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Jones" title="James C. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_V._Brown" title="Aaron V. Brown">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neill_S._Brown" title="Neill S. Brown">N. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trousdale" title="William Trousdale">Trousdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Campbell" title="William B. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._East" title="Edward H. East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parson_Brownlow" title="Parson Brownlow">Brownlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewitt_Clinton_Senter" title="Dewitt Clinton Senter">Senter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Brown" title="John C. Brown">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Porter" title="James D. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Marks" title="Albert S. Marks">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Hawkins" title="Alvin Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bate" title="William B. Bate">Bate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Love_Taylor" title="Robert Love Taylor">R. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Buchanan" title="John P. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Turney" title="Peter Turney">Turney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Love_Taylor" title="Robert Love Taylor">R. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_McMillin" title="Benton McMillin">McMillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Frazier" title="James B. Frazier">Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I._Cox" title="John I. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_R._Patterson" title="Malcolm R. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_W._Hooper" title="Ben W. Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clarke_Rye" title="Thomas Clarke Rye">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_H._Roberts" title="Albert H. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Taylor" title="Alfred A. Taylor">A. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Peay" title="Austin Peay">Peay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hollis_Horton" title="Henry Hollis Horton">Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_McAlister" title="Hill McAlister">McAlister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Browning" title="Gordon Browning">Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentice_Cooper" title="Prentice Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nance_McCord" title="Jim Nance McCord">McCord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Browning" title="Gordon Browning">Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Clement" title="Frank G. Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_Ellington" title="Buford Ellington">Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Clement" title="Frank G. Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_Ellington" title="Buford Ellington">Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Dunn" title="Winfield Dunn">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanton" title="Ray Blanton">Blanton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_McWherter" title="Ned McWherter">McWherter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Sundquist" title="Don Sundquist">Sundquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Bredesen" title="Phil Bredesen">Bredesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haslam" title="Bill Haslam">Haslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lee_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)">Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Seal_of_Tennessee.svg/85px-Seal_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Seal_of_Tennessee.svg/128px-Seal_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Seal_of_Tennessee.svg/170px-Seal_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="718" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Tennessee" title="Category:Governors of Tennessee">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tennessee" title="List of governors of Tennessee">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_George_H._W._Bush_(1989–1993)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GHW_Bush_cabinet" title="Template:GHW Bush cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GHW_Bush_cabinet" title="Template talk:GHW Bush cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GHW_Bush_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GHW Bush cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_George_H._W._Bush_(1989–1993)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1989–1993)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2100" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger" title="Lawrence Eagleburger">Lawrence Eagleburger</a> (1992–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_F._Brady" title="Nicholas F. Brady">Nicholas F. Brady</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Thornburgh" title="Dick Thornburgh">Dick Thornburgh</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lujan_Jr." title="Manuel Lujan Jr.">Manuel Lujan Jr.</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter" title="Clayton Yeutter">Clayton Yeutter</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Madigan" title="Ed Madigan">Ed Madigan</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mosbacher" title="Robert Mosbacher">Robert Mosbacher</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Franklin" title="Barbara Franklin">Barbara Franklin</a> (1992–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_M._Martin" title="Lynn M. Martin">Lynn M. Martin</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_W._Sullivan" title="Louis W. Sullivan">Louis W. Sullivan</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Skinner" title="Samuel K. Skinner">Samuel K. Skinner</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card">Andrew Card</a> (1992–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Watkins" title="James D. Watkins">James D. Watkins</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Cavazos" title="Lauro Cavazos">Lauro Cavazos</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lamar Alexander</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Derwinski" title="Ed Derwinski">Ed Derwinski</a> (1989–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Darman" title="Richard Darman">Richard Darman</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Anderson Hills</a> (1989–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter" title="Clayton Yeutter">Clayton Yeutter</a> (1992–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1992)_1996_United_States_presidential_election_(2000_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1996 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1996 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1996 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1992)_1996_United_States_presidential_election_(2000_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">← 1992</a>) <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_D._Griffin" title="James D. Griffin">James D. Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Riemers" title="Roland Riemers">Roland Riemers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dornan" title="Bob Dornan">Bob Dornan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fletcher" title="Arthur Fletcher">Arthur Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Phil Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennie_Rogers" title="Tennie Rogers">Tennie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morry_Taylor" title="Morry Taylor">Morry Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson">Pete Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Choate" title="Pat Choate">Pat Choate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm" title="Richard Lamm">Richard Lamm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Lamm 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_Green_Party_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 Green Party National Convention (page does not exist)">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Grassroots_Party" title="Independent Grassroots Party">Independent Grassroots Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Birrenbach" title="John Birrenbach">John Birrenbach</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/George_McMahon_(activist)" title="George McMahon (activist)">George McMahon</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Libertarian_National_Convention#1996" title="1996 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Schiff" title="Irwin Schiff">Irwin Schiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tompkins" title="Mike Tompkins">Mike Tompkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bubar_Kelly" title="Rachel Bubar Kelly">Rachel Bubar Kelly</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis </a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Herb_Titus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Titus">Herb Titus</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett_Blakk" title="Joan Jett Blakk">Joan Jett Blakk</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Feinland" title="Marsha Feinland">Marsha Feinland</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Steve_Michael" title="Steve Michael">Steve Michael</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Peron" title="Dennis Peron">Dennis Peron</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1996 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1996 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1996 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1996 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1996)_2000_United_States_presidential_election_(2004_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1996)_2000_United_States_presidential_election_(2004_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">← 1996</a>) <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">General election results</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida results</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_George_W._Bush" title="Political positions of George W. Bush">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates</b></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer">Gary Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Orrin Hatch 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Kasich" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of John Kasich">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Lieberman" title="Political positions of Joe Lieberman">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Bradley 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Curtis Frazier</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Titus" title="Herbert Titus">Herb Titus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin" title="Stephen Gaskin">Stephen Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kovel" title="Joel Kovel">Joel Kovel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Harry Browne 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola B. Foster</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Nat_Goldhaber" title="Nat Goldhaber">Nat Goldhaber</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Watkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean Watkins">W. Dean Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trowe" title="Margaret Trowe">Margaret Trowe</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Gordon_Brown" title="Cathy Gordon Brown">Cathy Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Florida_election_recount_and_legal_proceedings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">Florida election recount and legal proceedings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Katherine Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Olson" title="Theodore Olson">Theodore Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Whouley" title="Michael Whouley">Michael Whouley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ginsberg_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Ginsberg (lawyer)">Benjamin Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Butterworth" title="Bob Butterworth">Bob Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Allbaugh" title="Joe Allbaugh">Joe Allbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Stipanovich" title="Mac Stipanovich">Mac Stipanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Waters" title="Craig Waters">Craig Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_LePore" title="Theresa LePore">Theresa LePore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Roberts_(politician)" title="Carol Roberts (politician)">Carol Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Election day</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Central_Voter_File" title="Florida Central Voter File">Florida Central Voter File</a> (scrub list)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volusia_error" title="Volusia error">Volusia error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_(paper)" title="Chad (paper)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot#Design" title="Ballot">Butterfly ballot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath and <br />legal proceedings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida election recount">Florida election recount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Brothers_riot" title="Brooks Brothers riot">Brooks Brothers riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board_v._Harris_(Harris_I)" title="Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris (Harris I)"><i>Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris</i> (Harris I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore"><i>Gore v. Harris</i> (Harris II)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board" title="Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board">Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Recount_(film)" title="Recount (film)">Recount</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_Family_Fortunes:_The_Best_Democracy_Money_Can_Buy" title="Bush Family Fortunes: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy">Bush Family Fortunes</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unprecedented:_The_2000_Presidential_Election" title="Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election">Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_elections,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:United States elections, 2000">Other 2000 elections</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2000 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tennessee&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_108th–116th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tennessee&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_108th–116th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>'s delegation(s) to the 108th–116th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">B. Frist</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Gordon" title="Bart Gordon">B. Gordon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_S._Tanner" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Tanner">J. Tanner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Zach_Wamp" title="Zach Wamp">Z. Wamp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ford_Jr." title="Harold Ford Jr.">H. Ford Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jenkins_(politician)" title="Bill Jenkins (politician)">W. Jenkins</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Davis" title="Lincoln Davis">L. Davis</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">B. Frist</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Gordon" title="Bart Gordon">B. Gordon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_S._Tanner" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Tanner">J. Tanner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Zach_Wamp" title="Zach Wamp">Z. Wamp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ford_Jr." title="Harold Ford Jr.">H. Ford Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jenkins_(politician)" title="Bill Jenkins (politician)">W. Jenkins</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Davis" title="Lincoln Davis">L. Davis</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">B. Corker</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Gordon" title="Bart Gordon">B. Gordon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_S._Tanner" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Tanner">J. Tanner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Zach_Wamp" title="Zach Wamp">Z. Wamp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Davis" title="Lincoln Davis">L. Davis</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Tennessee_politician)" title="David Davis (Tennessee politician)">D. Davis</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/111th_United_States_Congress" title="111th United States Congress">111th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">B. Corker</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bart_Gordon" title="Bart Gordon">B. Gordon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_S._Tanner" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Tanner">J. Tanner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Zach_Wamp" title="Zach Wamp">Z. Wamp</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Davis" title="Lincoln Davis">L. Davis</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">P. Roe</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">112th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">B. Corker</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">P. Roe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Diane_Black" title="Diane Black">D. Black</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">S. DesJarlais</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fincher" title="Stephen Fincher">S. Fincher</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann" title="Chuck Fleischmann">C. Fleischmann</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">B. Corker</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">P. Roe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Diane_Black" title="Diane Black">D. Black</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">S. DesJarlais</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fincher" title="Stephen Fincher">S. Fincher</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann" title="Chuck Fleischmann">C. Fleischmann</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">B. Corker</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">P. Roe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Diane_Black" title="Diane Black">D. Black</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">S. DesJarlais</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fincher" title="Stephen Fincher">S. Fincher</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann" title="Chuck Fleischmann">C. Fleischmann</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">B. Corker</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jimmy Duncan (politician)">J. Duncan Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">P. Roe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Diane_Black" title="Diane Black">D. Black</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">S. DesJarlais</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann" title="Chuck Fleischmann">C. Fleischmann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Kustoff" title="David Kustoff">D. Kustoff</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">M. Blackburn</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States representatives from Tennessee">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cooper" title="Jim Cooper">J. Cooper</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">S. Cohen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Roe_(politician)" title="Phil Roe (politician)">P. Roe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">S. DesJarlais</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann" title="Chuck Fleischmann">C. Fleischmann</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Kustoff" title="David Kustoff">D. Kustoff</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burchett" title="Tim Burchett">T. Burchett</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mark_Green_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Mark Green (Tennessee politician)">M. Green</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Rose_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Rose (Tennessee politician)">J. Rose</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_University_of_Tennessee_System" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF8200;color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Tennessee_System_presidents" title="Template:University of Tennessee System presidents"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Tennessee_System_presidents" title="Template talk:University of Tennessee System presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Tennessee_System_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Tennessee System presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_University_of_Tennessee_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_System" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Tennessee System"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">University of Tennessee System</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Boling" title="Edward J. Boling">Boling</a> (1970–1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a> (1988–1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnson_(academic)" title="Joseph E. Johnson (academic)">Johnson</a> (1991–1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Wade_Gilley" title="J. Wade Gilley">Gilley</a> (1999–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emerson_H._Fly" title="Emerson H. Fly">Fly</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Shumaker" title="John W. Shumaker">Shumaker</a> (2002–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_D._Petersen" title="John D. Petersen">Petersen</a> (2004–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Simek" title="Jan Simek">Simek</a> (interim, 2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._DiPietro" title="Joseph A. DiPietro">DiPietro</a> (2011–2018 )</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Boyd_(Tennessee_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Boyd (Tennessee politician) (page does not exist)">Boyd</a> (2018– )</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theodore_Roosevelt_Award_winners" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NCAA_Theodore_Roosevelt_Award" title="Template:NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NCAA_Theodore_Roosevelt_Award" title="Template talk:NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NCAA_Theodore_Roosevelt_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NCAA Theodore Roosevelt Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theodore_Roosevelt_Award_winners" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Award" title="Theodore Roosevelt Award">Theodore Roosevelt Award</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_L._Hovde" title="Frederick L. Hovde">Hovde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr." title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr.">Kraft Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_H._Holland" title="Jerome H. Holland">Holland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Owens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hamilton_(American_football)" title="Tom Hamilton (American football)">Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Bradley (American politician)">Tom Bradley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_B._Zornow" title="Gerald B. Zornow">Zornow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Otis_Chandler" title="Otis Chandler">Chandler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Denton_Cooley" title="Denton Cooley">Cooley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter" title="Art Linkletter">Linkletter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <s><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Cosby</a></s></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/William_P._Lawrence" title="William P. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Robben_Wright_Fleming" title="Robben Wright Fleming">Fleming</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Zable" title="Walter J. Zable">Zable</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <i>Not presented</i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ebert" title="Paul Ebert">Ebert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Kemp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Rafer_Johnson" title="Rafer Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mathias" title="Bob Mathias">Mathias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/John_Wooden" title="John Wooden">Wooden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Billy_Payne" title="Billy Payne">Payne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Staubach" title="Roger Staubach">Staubach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">Cohen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Shriver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">de Varona</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Page" title="Alan Page">Page</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Ride</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kraft" title="Robert Kraft">Kraft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tagliabue" title="Paul Tagliabue">Tagliabue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">Glenn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Albright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Ann_E._Dunwoody" title="Ann E. Dunwoody">Dunwoody</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Will_Allen_(urban_farmer)" title="Will Allen (urban farmer)">Allen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Dungy" title="Tony Dungy">Dungy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mills" title="Billy Mills">Mills</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Mannie_Jackson" title="Mannie Jackson">Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Ueberroth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Beth_Brooke-Marciniak" title="Beth Brooke-Marciniak">Brooke-Marciniak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Barry_E._Wilmore" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry E. Wilmore">Wilmore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Caslen" title="Robert L. Caslen">Caslen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Delaney_(basketball)" title="Bob Delaney (basketball)">Delaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/John_McLendon" title="John McLendon">McLendon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Gail_Koziara_Boudreaux" title="Gail Koziara Boudreaux">Boudreaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields_(ophthalmologist)" title="Carol Shields (ophthalmologist)">Shields</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419976#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084464363">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/43157179">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1800511/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyrTCVMPGXqDd8bX4JkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1162308583">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alexander, Lamar, 1940-"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81044263">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00743067">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p131560786">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007337237405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04144793?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000360">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569252">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k17t8m">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v12g3t">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&oldid=1257921349">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&oldid=1257921349</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940_births" title="Category:1940 births">1940 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Category:People from Maryville, Tennessee">People from Maryville, Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Scotch-Irish_descent" title="Category:American people of Scotch-Irish descent">American people of Scotch-Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presbyterians_from_Tennessee" title="Category:Presbyterians from Tennessee">Presbyterians from Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_secretaries_of_education" title="Category:United States secretaries of education">United States secretaries of education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_H._W._Bush_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:George H. W. Bush administration cabinet members">George H. W. Bush administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="Category:Republican Party United States senators from Tennessee">Republican Party United States senators from Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_governors_of_Tennessee" title="Category:Republican Party governors of Tennessee">Republican Party governors of Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Tennessee" title="Category:Governors of Tennessee">Governors of Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 1996 United States presidential election">Candidates in the 1996 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2000 United States presidential election">Candidates in the 2000 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000_United_States_presidential_electors" title="Category:2000 United States presidential electors">2000 United States presidential electors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_lobbyists" title="Category:American lobbyists">American lobbyists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennessee_lawyers" title="Category:Tennessee lawyers">Tennessee lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Category:Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee">Politicians from Knoxville, Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_politicians" title="Category:20th-century American politicians">20th-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_politicians" title="Category:21st-century American politicians">21st-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Presbyterians" title="Category:21st-century Presbyterians">21st-century Presbyterians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanderbilt_University_alumni" title="Category:Vanderbilt University alumni">Vanderbilt University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_University_School_of_Law_alumni" title="Category:New York University School of Law alumni">New York University School of Law alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Kennedy_School_faculty" title="Category:Harvard Kennedy School faculty">Harvard Kennedy School faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_University_of_Tennessee_system" title="Category:Presidents of the University of Tennessee system">Presidents of the University of Tennessee system</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2020">Articles with dead external links from September 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2010" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2010">Articles with dead external links from September 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2020">Articles with dead external links from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2017">Articles with dead external links from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2020">Use mdy dates from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 07:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamar_Alexander&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mhg5j","wgBackendResponseTime":190,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.605","walltime":"3.100","ppvisitednodes":{"value":30415,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":704207,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":227710,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":512398,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2659.096 1 -total"," 34.11% 907.125 2 Template:Navboxes"," 25.72% 683.955 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.46% 570.680 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 15.67% 416.580 13 Template:Navbox"," 10.56% 280.858 45 Template:Cite_web"," 8.23% 218.830 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 8.16% 216.932 9 Template:USCongRep-row"," 6.75% 179.408 36 Template:Cite_news"," 6.53% 173.770 66 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.421","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21148097,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","580","35.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","13.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","60","3.7"],["(for generator)","60","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::get","40","2.5"],["init \u003Cstrict.lua\u003E","40","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","2.5"],["[others]","360","22.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-c5gcc","timestamp":"20241125000647","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lamar Alexander","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamar_Alexander","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q419976","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q419976","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-08-15T00:33:14Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T07:22:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/Lamar_Alexander_official_photo.jpg","headline":"American politician"}</script> </body> </html>