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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="শীতল ঝালাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শীতল ঝালাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldadura_en_fred" title="Soldadura en fred – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Soldadura en fred" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaltverschwei%C3%9Fen" title="Kaltverschweißen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaltverschweißen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Welding process in which joining occurs without melting or heating the interface</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">cold fusion</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cold_welding" title="Special:EditPage/Cold welding">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cold+welding%22">"Cold welding"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cold+welding%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cold+welding%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cold+welding%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cold+welding%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cold+welding%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HidegHegesztes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HidegHegesztes.jpg/220px-HidegHegesztes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HidegHegesztes.jpg/330px-HidegHegesztes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HidegHegesztes.jpg/440px-HidegHegesztes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption>Cross-section of cold welding – before and after the weld</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cold welding</b> or <b>contact welding</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a>-state <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a> process in which joining takes place without <a href="/wiki/Melting" title="Melting">fusion</a> or heating at the interface of the two parts to be welded. Unlike in <a href="/wiki/Fusion_welding" title="Fusion welding">fusion welding</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> or molten phase is present in the joint. </p><p>Cold welding was first recognized as a general materials phenomenon in the 1940s. It was then discovered that two clean, flat surfaces of similar <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> would strongly adhere if brought into contact while in a <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force#Van_der_Waals_forces_between_macroscopic_objects" title="Van der Waals force">Van der Waals force</a>)</span>. Micro<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and nano-scale cold welding<sup id="cite_ref-gold-nanowires_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-nanowires-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has shown potential in <a href="/wiki/Nanofabrication" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanofabrication">nanofabrication</a> processes. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The reason for this unexpected behavior is that when the atoms in contact are all of the same kind, there is no way for the atoms to "know" that they are in different pieces of copper. When there are other atoms, in the oxides and greases and more complicated thin surface layers of contaminants in between, the atoms "know" when they are not on the same part.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics" title="The Feynman Lectures on Physics">The Feynman Lectures on Physics</a></i>, 12–5 Friction</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Applications include wire stock and electrical connections (such as <a href="/wiki/Insulation-displacement_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulation-displacement connector">insulation-displacement connectors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wire_wrap" title="Wire wrap">wire wrap</a> connections). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_space">In space</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mechanical problems in early <a href="/wiki/Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellites">satellites</a> were sometimes attributed to cold welding. </p><p>In 2009 the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> published a <a href="/wiki/Peer_reviewed" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer reviewed">peer reviewed</a> paper detailing why cold welding is a significant issue that spacecraft designers need to carefully consider.<sup id="cite_ref-esa2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper also cites a documented example<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1991 with the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo spacecraft">Galileo spacecraft</a> high-gain antenna. </p><p>One source of difficulty is that cold welding does not exclude relative motion between the surfaces that are to be joined. This allows the broadly defined notions of <a href="/wiki/Galling" title="Galling">galling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fretting" title="Fretting">fretting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stiction" title="Stiction">stiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adhesion" title="Adhesion">adhesion</a> to overlap in some instances. For example, it is possible for a joint to be the result of both cold (or "vacuum") welding and galling (or fretting or impact). Galling and cold welding, therefore, are not mutually exclusive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nanoscale">Nanoscale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nanoscale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike cold welding process at macro-scale which normally requires large applied pressures, scientists discovered that single-crystalline ultra-thin gold <a href="/wiki/Nanowire" title="Nanowire">nanowires</a> (diameters less than 10 nm) can be cold-welded together within seconds by mechanical contact alone, and under remarkably low applied pressures.<sup id="cite_ref-gold-nanowires_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-nanowires-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-resolution <a href="/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy" title="Transmission electron microscopy">transmission electron microscopy</a> and in-situ measurements reveal that the welds are nearly perfect, with the same crystal orientation, strength and electrical conductivity as the rest of the nanowire. The high quality of the welds is attributed to the nanoscale sample dimensions, oriented-attachment mechanisms and mechanically assisted fast <a href="/wiki/Surface_diffusion" title="Surface diffusion">surface diffusion</a>. Nanoscale welds were also demonstrated between gold and silver, and silver and silver, indicating that the phenomenon may be generally applicable and therefore offer an atomistic view of the initial stages of macroscopic cold welding for either bulk metals or metallic <a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">thin film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gold-nanowires_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-nanowires-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abutment_(dentistry)" title="Abutment (dentistry)">Abutment (dentistry)</a> – Connecting element in dentistry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_block#Wringing" title="Gauge block">Gauge block wringing</a> – System for producing precision lengths by stacking components</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermolecular_force" title="Intermolecular force">Intermolecular force</a> – Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoimprint_lithography" title="Nanoimprint lithography">Nanoimprint lithography</a> – Method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns using a special stamp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_contact_bonding" title="Optical contact bonding">Optical contact bonding</a> – Process whereby two closely conformal surfaces are held together by intermolecular forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_welding" title="Spot welding">Spot welding</a> – Process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by heat from resistance to electric current</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribology" title="Tribology">Tribology</a> – Science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cementing" title="Vacuum cementing">Vacuum cementing</a> – Natural process of contact bonding between objects in a hard vacuum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFergusonChaudhurySigalWhitesides1991" class="citation journal cs1">Ferguson, Gregory S.; Chaudhury, Manoj K.; Sigal, George B.; Whitesides, George M. (1991). "Contact Adhesion of Thin Gold Films on Elastomeric Supports: Cold Welding Under Ambient Conditions". <i>Science</i>. <b>253</b> (5021): 776–778. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.253.5021.776">10.1126/science.253.5021.776</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2879122">2879122</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17835496">17835496</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10479300">10479300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Contact+Adhesion+of+Thin+Gold+Films+on+Elastomeric+Supports%3A+Cold+Welding+Under+Ambient+Conditions&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=5021&rft.pages=776-778&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17835496&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10479300%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2879122%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.253.5021.776&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Gregory+S.&rft.au=Chaudhury%2C+Manoj+K.&rft.au=Sigal%2C+George+B.&rft.au=Whitesides%2C+George+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACold+welding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gold-nanowires-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gold-nanowires_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gold-nanowires_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gold-nanowires_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuHuangWangSun2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lu, Yang; Huang, Jian Yu; Wang, Chao; Sun, Shouheng; Lou, Jun (2010). "Cold welding of ultrathin gold nanowires". <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 218–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnnano.2010.4">10.1038/nnano.2010.4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20154688">20154688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Nanotechnology&rft.atitle=Cold+welding+of+ultrathin+gold+nanowires&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=218-224&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnnano.2010.4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20154688&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Yang&rft.au=Huang%2C+Jian+Yu&rft.au=Wang%2C+Chao&rft.au=Sun%2C+Shouheng&rft.au=Lou%2C+Jun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACold+welding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esa2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-esa2009_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._MerstallingerM._SalesE._SemeradB._D._Dunn2009" class="citation book cs1">A. Merstallinger; M. Sales; E. Semerad; B. D. Dunn (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/publications/STM-279/STM-279.pdf"><i>Assessment of Cold Welding between Separable Contact Surfaces due to Impact and Fretting under Vacuum</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Space Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9221-900-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9221-900-0"><bdi>978-92-9221-900-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0379-4067">0379-4067</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55971016">55971016</a>. ESA STM-279<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assessment+of+Cold+Welding+between+Separable+Contact+Surfaces+due+to+Impact+and+Fretting+under+Vacuum&rft.pub=European+Space+Agency&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55971016&rft.issn=0379-4067&rft.isbn=978-92-9221-900-0&rft.au=A.+Merstallinger&rft.au=M.+Sales&rft.au=E.+Semerad&rft.au=B.+D.+Dunn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesamultimedia.esa.int%2Fmultimedia%2Fpublications%2FSTM-279%2FSTM-279.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACold+welding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Michael R. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208192609/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940028813.pdf">"The Galileo High Gain Antenna Deployment Anomaly"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nasa. Lewis Research Center, the 28th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium</i>. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2014%2F32404">2014/32404</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940028813.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nasa.+Lewis+Research+Center%2C+the+28th+Aerospace+Mechanisms+Symposium&rft.atitle=The+Galileo+High+Gain+Antenna+Deployment+Anomaly&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2014%2F32404&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Farchive%2Fnasa%2Fcasi.ntrs.nasa.gov%2F19940028813.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACold+welding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinhaFarleyKahnertSolares2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sinha, K.; Farley, D.; Kahnert, T.; Solares, S.D.; Dasgupta, A.; Caers, J.F.J.; Zhao, X.J. (2014). "Influence of fabrication parameters on bond strength of adhesively bonded flip-chip interconnects". <i>Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology</i>. <b>28</b> (12): 1167–1191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01694243.2014.891349">10.1080/01694243.2014.891349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:136894947">136894947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adhesion+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fabrication+parameters+on+bond+strength+of+adhesively+bonded+flip-chip+interconnects&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1167-1191&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01694243.2014.891349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A136894947%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Farley%2C+D.&rft.au=Kahnert%2C+T.&rft.au=Solares%2C+S.D.&rft.au=Dasgupta%2C+A.&rft.au=Caers%2C+J.F.J.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+X.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACold+welding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalpakjian2005" class="citation book cs1">Kalpakjian, Serope (2005). <i>Manufacturing Engineering and Technology</i> (5th ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 981. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-148965-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-148965-3"><bdi>978-0-13-148965-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+Engineering+and+Technology&rft.pages=981&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-13-148965-3&rft.aulast=Kalpakjian&rft.aufirst=Serope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACold+welding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Advanced_Automation_for_Space_Missions/Appendix_4C" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Advanced Automation for Space Missions/Appendix 4C">Advanced Automation for Space Missions/Appendix 4C</a> at Wikisource</li> <li>{Coldweld Data Base Archived 26 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. | <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://coldweld.aac-research.at/}}">https://coldweld.aac-research.at/}}</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&oldid=1256490735">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cold_welding&oldid=1256490735</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welding" title="Category:Welding">Welding</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2010" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2010">Articles needing additional references from October 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 04:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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