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<li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Location-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Location subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tajikistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tajikistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tajikistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tajikistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzbekistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzbekistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Uzbekistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzbekistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyrgyzstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyrgyzstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Kyrgyzstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyrgyzstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkmenistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkmenistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Turkmenistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkmenistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recent developments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent developments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cultural revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tajiks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjiks_(volk)" title="Tadjiks (volk) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tadjiks (volk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83" title="طاجيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاجيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachicos" title="Tachicos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tachicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia_taxiquistanina" title="Etnia taxiquistanina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etnia taxiquistanina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тажикал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Тажикал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacikl%C9%99r" title="Taciklər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taciklər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="تاجیک‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاجیک‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Tajik-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tajik-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тажиктар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тажиктар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Таджыкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Таджыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Таджики – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таджики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEici" title="Tadžici – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tadžici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjiks" title="Tadjiks – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tadjiks" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Таджиксем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Таджиксем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1d%C5%BEikov%C3%A9" title="Tádžikové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tádžikové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadsjikere" title="Tadsjikere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tadsjikere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadschiken" title="Tadschiken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tadschiken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikid" title="Tadžikid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tadžikid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Τατζίκοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τατζίκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayikos" title="Tayikos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tayikos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C4%9Dikoj" title="Taĝikoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taĝikoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik" title="Tajik – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tajik" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="تاجیک‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاجیک‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjiks" title="Tadjiks – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tadjiks" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadzjiken" title="Tadzjiken – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tadzjiken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ids%C3%ADceast%C3%A1naigh" title="Táidsíceastánaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Táidsíceastánaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_taxico" title="Pobo taxico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo taxico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Tajik-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tajik-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%A7%80%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="타지크인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타지크인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Տաջիկներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տաջիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="ताजिक लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताजिक लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEici" title="Tadžici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tadžici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Tajik" title="Suku Tajik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Tajik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Таджикаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Таджикаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tads%C3%ADkar" title="Tadsíkar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tadsíkar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagiki" title="Tagiki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tagiki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טג'יקים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טג'יקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტაჯიკები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაჯიკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тәжіктер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тәжіктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тажиктер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тажиктер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEiki" title="Tadžiki – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tadžiki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikai" title="Tadžikai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tadžikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1dzsikok" title="Tádzsikok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tádzsikok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="താജിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താജിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტაჯიკეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტაჯიკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83" title="طاجيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طاجيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Tajik" title="Orang Tajik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Tajik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik-c%C5%ADk" title="Tajik-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tajik-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Тажикууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тажикууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadzjieken" title="Tadzjieken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tadzjieken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="タジク人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タジク人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Таджикаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Таджикаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadsjiker" title="Tadsjiker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tadsjiker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tojiklar" title="Tojiklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tojiklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਤਾਜਿਕ ਲੋਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਜਿਕ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="تاجک لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تاجک لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاجکيان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تاجکيان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BCycy" title="Tadżycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tadżycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajiques" title="Tajiques – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tajiques" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1jikler" title="Tájikler – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tájikler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacikler" title="Tacikler – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tacikler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjici" title="Tadjici – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tadjici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Таджики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таджики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тадьиктар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тадьиктар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tajiks" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxhik%C3%ABt" title="Taxhikët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Taxhikët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_people" title="Tajik people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tajik people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Таџици – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Таџици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEici" title="Tadžici – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tadžici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikit" title="Tadžikit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tadžikit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadzjiker" title="Tadzjiker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tadzjiker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="தஜிக்குகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தஜிக்குகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Таҗиклар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Таҗиклар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ชาวทาจิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวทาจิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тоҷикон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тоҷикон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacikler" title="Tacikler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tacikler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Таджики – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таджики" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="تاجک لوگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاجک لوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تاجىك مىللىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تاجىك مىللىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Tajik" title="Người Tajik – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Tajik" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tajiks (disambiguation)">Tajiks (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Tajiks<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Тоҷикон</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تاجيکان</span></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Tajik_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Happy_Tajik_children.jpg/220px-Happy_Tajik_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Happy_Tajik_children.jpg/330px-Happy_Tajik_children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Happy_Tajik_children.jpg/440px-Happy_Tajik_children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tajiks</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <b>19–26 million</b></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Afghanistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">8-15 million (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Tajikistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~8,700,000 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Uzbekistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap">    </span></th><td class="infobox-data">~1,700,000 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />other, non-official, scholarly estimates are 6-7 million<sup id="cite_ref-Karl_Cordell_1999._pg_201_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karl_Cordell_1999._pg_201-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lena_Jonson_2006._pg_108_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lena_Jonson_2006._pg_108-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">350,236<sup id="cite_ref-Russiancensus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russiancensus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Kyrgyzstan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">58,913<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">52,000<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Kazakhstan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">50,121<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">39,642<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Ukraine"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,255<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>) <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Secondary: <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> minority <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tajiks</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تاجيک، تاجک</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Tājīk, Tājek</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>: <span lang="tg">Тоҷик</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Tajik" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Tajik">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">Tojik</i></span>) are a <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>-speaking<sup id="cite_ref-EofI-Tadjik_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EofI-Tadjik-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> ethnic group native to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, living primarily in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>. Tajiks are the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a> in Tajikistan, and the second-largest in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. More Tajiks live in Afghanistan than Tajikistan. They speak varieties of Persian, a <a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Iranian language">Western Iranian language</a>. In Tajikistan, since the 1939 Soviet census, its small <a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghnobi people">Yaghnobi</a> ethnic groups are included as Tajiks.<sup id="cite_ref-suny_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suny-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China, the term is used to refer to its Pamiri ethnic groups, the <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks of Xinjiang</a>, who speak the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamiri_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri languages">Pamiri languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arlund1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arlund1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-felmy_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-felmy-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Afghanistan, the Pamiris are counted as a separate ethnic group.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a self-designation, the literary <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">New Persian</a> term <i>Tajik</i>, which originally had some previous pejorative usage as a label for eastern <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has become acceptable during the last several decades, particularly as a result of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> administration in Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-EofI-Tadjik_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EofI-Tadjik-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative names for the Tajiks are <b><a href="/wiki/Farsiwan" title="Farsiwan">Fārsīwān</a></b> (Persian-speaker), and <b><a href="/wiki/Dehqan" title="Dehqan">Dīhgān</a></b> (cf. <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>: <span lang="tg">Деҳқон</span>) which translates to "farmer or settled villager", in a wider sense "settled" in contrast to "nomadic" and was later used to describe a class of land-owning magnates as "<a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> of noble blood" in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-EofI-Afghanistan_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EofI-Afghanistan-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tajiks have a mixed origin, and are primarily descended from <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> of Central Asia,<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of whom are known to have inhabited the region at various times. Tajiks are therefore mainly <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern Iranian</a> in their ethnic makeup but speak a Persian dialect, which is a <a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western Iranian language</a>, likely adopting the language in the 7th century AD following the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Islamic conquest of Persia</a>, when the prestigious Persian language consequently spread further east leading to the gradual extinction of the <a href="/wiki/Bactrian_language" title="Bactrian language">Bactrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergne2007_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergne2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MeriBacharach2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeriBacharach2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tajiks and their ancestors have inhabited Northern Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and other parts of Central Asia continuously for many millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The culture of the Tajiks is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Persianate_society" title="Persianate society">Persianate</a> but with strong elements from other cultures of Central Asia, such as Turkic and heavily infused with Islamic traditions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg/300px-Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg/450px-Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg/600px-Tajiks_in_Bamiyan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="2498" /></a><figcaption>Tajiks in <a href="/wiki/Bamiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamiyan">Bamiyan</a>, Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:323px;max-width:323px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png/150px-Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png/225px-Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png/300px-Tajik_Wedding_Rituals._A_Groom_WDL11015.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1415" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png/165px-Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png/248px-Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png/330px-Types_of_Nationalities_in_the_Turkestan_Krai._Tajik_Women._Makhsat_Ai_WDL11074.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1287" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Tajik man and woman in 19th century photos</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurid Empire">Ghurid Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kartids" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartids">Kartids</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Iranian_peoples" title="List of ancient Iranian peoples">Ancient Iranian peoples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></div> <p>The Tajiks are an Iranian people, speaking a variety of Persian, concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Oxus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxus">Oxus</a> Basin, the <a href="/wiki/Ferghana_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferghana valley">Farḡāna valley</a> (Tajikistan and parts of Uzbekistan) and on both banks of the upper Oxus, i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a> (Mountain Badaḵšān, in Tajikistan) and northeastern Afghanistan (Badaḵšān).<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the ancient Tajiks were chiefly agriculturalists before the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Arab Conquest of Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While agriculture remained a stronghold, the <a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Iran" title="Islamization of Iran">Islamization of Iran</a> also resulted in the rapid urbanization of historical <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> that lasted until the devastating Mongolian invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several surviving ancient urban centers of the Tajik people include <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Termez" title="Termez">Termez</a>. </p><p>Contemporary Tajiks are the descendants of ancient Eastern Iranian inhabitants of Central Asia, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactrians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possibly are descendants from other groups, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians and non-Iranian peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz202333-60_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz202333-60-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter group may include Greeks who were known to have settled in the Tajikistan and Uzbekistan region following the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and some of them were referred to as <a href="/wiki/Dayuan" title="Dayuan">Dayuan</a> by Chinese chronicles.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelson_Frye" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nelson Frye">Richard Nelson Frye</a>, a leading historian of Iranian and Central Asian history, the Persian migration to Central Asia may be considered the beginning of the modern Tajik nation, and ethnic Persians, along with some elements of East-Iranian Bactrians and Sogdians, as the main ancestors of modern Tajiks.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later works, Frye expands on the complexity of the historical origins of the Tajiks. In a 1996 publication, Frye explains that many "factors must be taken into account in explaining the evolution of the peoples whose remnants are the Tajiks in Central Asia" and that "the peoples of Central Asia, whether <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> speaking, have one culture, one religion, one set of social values and traditions with only language separating them."<sup id="cite_ref-frey96_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frey96-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Regarding Tajiks, the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> states:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Tajiks are the direct descendants of the Iranian peoples whose continuous presence in Central Asia and northern Afghanistan is attested from the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The ancestors of the Tajiks constituted the core of the ancient population of Khwārezm (Khorezm) and Bactria, which formed part of Transoxania (Sogdiana). Over the course of time, the eastern Iranian dialect that was used by the ancient Tajiks eventually gave way to <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Farsi</a>, a western dialect spoken in Iran and Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The geographical division between the eastern and western Iranians is often considered historically and currently to be the desert <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Dasht-e Kavir</a>, situated in the center of the Iranian plateau.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>, the Tajik-dominated <a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Burhanuddin Rabbani</a> resisted the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> and the communist <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghan government</a>. Tajik commander, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a>, successfully repelled nine Soviet campaigns from taking <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Valley" title="Panjshir Valley">Panjshir Valley</a> and earned the nickname "Lion of Panjshir" (<span title="Dari-language text"><span lang="prs" dir="rtl">شیر پنجشیر</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dehqan" title="Dehqan">Dehqan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sart" title="Sart">Sart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tayy#Fifth_century" title="Tayy">Tayy § Fifth century</a></div> <p>According to John Perry (<i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i>):<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The most plausible and generally accepted origin of the word is Middle Persian tāzīk 'Arab' (cf. New Persian tāzi), or an Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. The Muslim armies that <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Transoxiana" title="Muslim conquest of Transoxiana">invaded Transoxiana</a> early in the eighth century, conquering the Sogdian principalities and clashing with the <a href="/wiki/Qarluq_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarluq Turks">Qarluq Turks</a> (see Bregel, Atlas, Maps 8–10) consisted not only of Arabs, but also of Persian converts from Fārs and the central <a href="/wiki/Zagros" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagros">Zagros</a> region (Bartol'd [Barthold], "Tadžiki," pp. 455–57). Hence the Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of the Iranian word, täžik, to designate their Muslim adversaries in general. For example, the rulers of the south Indian <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta dynasty</a> also referred to the Arabs as "Tajika" in the 8th and 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the eleventh century (<a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yusof Ḵāṣṣ-ḥājeb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Qutadḡu bilig</a>, lines 280, 282, 3265), the <a href="/wiki/Qarakhanid_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarakhanid Turks">Qarakhanid Turks</a> applied this term more specifically to the Persian Muslims in the Oxus basin and Khorasan, who were variously the Turks' rivals, models, overlords (under the <a href="/wiki/Samanid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanid Dynasty">Samanid Dynasty</a>), and subjects (from <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznavid">Ghaznavid</a> times on). Persian writers of the Ghaznavid, <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Empire">Seljuq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atābak</a> periods (ca. 1000–1260) adopted the term and extended its use to cover Persians in the rest of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a>, now under Turkish rule, as early as the poet ʿOnṣori, ca. 1025 (Dabirsiāqi, pp. 3377, 3408). Iranians soon accepted it as an ethnonym, as is shown by a Persian court official's referring to mā tāzikān "we Tajiks" (Bayhaqi, ed. Fayyāz, p. 594). The distinction between Turk and Tajik became stereotyped to express the symbiosis and rivalry of the (ideally) nomadic military executive and the urban civil bureaucracy (Niẓām al-Molk: tāzik, pp. 146, 178–79; Fragner, "Tādjīk. 2" in EI2 10, p. 63).</p></blockquote><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG/250px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG/375px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG/500px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Young Tajik women in the 21st century.</figcaption></figure><p>The word also occurs in the 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Tonyukuk_inscriptions" title="Tonyukuk inscriptions">Tonyukuk inscriptions</a> as <i>tözik</i>, used for a local Arab tribe in the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Arabs were said to be from the Taz tribe, which is still found in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen.</a> In the 7th-century, the Taz began to Islamize the region of Transoxiana in Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>, however, the oldest known usage of the word <i>Tajik</i> as a reference to Persians in Persian literature can be found in the writings of the famous Persian poet and Islamic scholar <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Jalal ad-Din Rumi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 15th-century Turkic-speaking poet <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sher_Nawa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Sher Nawa'i">Mīr Alī Šer Navā'ī</a> who lived in the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid empire</a> also used <i>Tajik</i> as a reference to Persians.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2></div> <p>The Tajiks are the principal ethnic group in most of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, as well as in northern and western <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, though there are more Tajiks in Afghanistan than in Tajikistan. Tajiks are a substantial minority in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, as well as in overseas communities. Historically, the ancestors of the Tajiks lived in a larger territory in Central Asia than now. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg/250px-Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg/375px-Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg/500px-Tajik_family._Tajikistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Tajik family in Tajikistan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tajikistan" title="Demographics of Tajikistan">Demographics of Tajikistan</a></div> <p>Tajiks make up around 84.3% of the population of Tajikistan.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA-tj_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-tj-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This number includes speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Pamiri_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri languages">Pamiri languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghnobi people">Yaghnobi people</a> who in the past were considered by the government of the Soviet Union nationalities separate from the Tajiks. In the 1926 and 1937 Soviet censuses, the Yaghnobis and Pamiri language speakers were counted as separate nationalities. After 1937, these groups were required to register as Tajiks.<sup id="cite_ref-suny_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suny-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics of Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg/183px-Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg/275px-Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg/366px-Burhanuddin_Rabbani_Cropped_DVIDS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Burhanuddin Rabbani</a> served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Afghanistan">President of Afghanistan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg/167px-Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg/251px-Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg/335px-Ahmad_Shah_Masoud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a> was a powerful military leader in Afghanistan.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Afghanistan, a "Tajik", is typically defined as any primarily <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a> who refer to themselves by the region, province, city, town, or village that they are from;<sup id="cite_ref-barfield_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barfield-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i>Badakhshi</i>, <i>Baghlani</i>, <i>Mazari</i>, <i>Panjsheri</i>, <i>Kabuli</i>, <i>Herati</i>, <i>Kohistani</i>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-barfield_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barfield-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LOC_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although in the past, some non-<a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> speaking tribes were identified as Tajik, for example, the Furmuli.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this definition, according to the <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">World Factbook</a>, Tajiks make up about 25–27% of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>'s population,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA-af_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-af-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlas-afghanistan-153_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-afghanistan-153-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but according to other sources, they form 37–39% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources however, for example the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, state that they constitute about 12–20% of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brit-Tajik_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-Tajik-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is mostly excluding <a href="/wiki/Persianization" title="Persianization">Persianized ethnic groups</a> like some <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> etc. who, especially in large urban areas like <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, assimilated into the respective local culture.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tajiks (or Farsiwans respectively) are predominant in four of the largest cities in Afghanistan (<a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-e Sharif">Mazar-e Sharif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>) and make up the <a href="/wiki/Qualified_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualified majority">qualified majority</a> in the northern and western provinces of <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Province" title="Panjshir Province">Panjshir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh</a>, while making up significant portions of the population in <a href="/wiki/Takhar_Province" title="Takhar Province">Takhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabul_Province" title="Kabul Province">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapisa_Province" title="Kapisa Province">Kapisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghlan_Province" title="Baghlan Province">Baghlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badghis_Province" title="Badghis Province">Badghis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herat_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Herat province">Herat</a>. Despite not being Tajik, the westernmost <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pashayi_people" title="Pashayi people">Pashayi people</a> of northeastern Afghanistan have deliberately been listed as Tajik by census takers and government agents. This is a result of the census takers being Tajik themselves, wanting to increase their own numbers for “consequent benefits”. Although, Pashayi-speaking <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari Isma’ilis</a> refer to themselves as Tajik.<sup id="cite_ref-sil.org_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sil.org-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Uzbekistan" title="Tajiks of Uzbekistan">Tajiks of Uzbekistan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Demographics of Uzbekistan">Demographics of Uzbekistan</a></div><p>In <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, the Tajiks are the largest part of the population of the ancient cities of <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, and are found in large numbers in the <a href="/wiki/Surxondaryo_Region" title="Surxondaryo Region">Surxondaryo Region</a> in the south and along Uzbekistan's eastern border with Tajikistan. According to official statistics (2000), Surxondaryo Region accounts for 20.4% of all Tajiks in Uzbekistan, with another 34.3% in <a href="/wiki/Samarqand_Region" title="Samarqand Region">Samarqand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukhara_Region" title="Bukhara Region">Bukhara</a> regions.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official statistics in Uzbekistan state that the Tajik community accounts for 5% of the nation's population.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA-uz_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-uz-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these numbers do not include ethnic Tajiks who, for a variety of reasons, choose to identify themselves as Uzbeks in population census forms.<sup id="cite_ref-USStateDept_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USStateDept-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Soviet "<a href="/wiki/Uzbekization" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbekization">Uzbekization</a>" supervised by <a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a>, the head of the Uzbek Communist Party, Tajiks had to choose either stay in Uzbekistan and get registered as Uzbek in their passports or leave the republic for Tajikistan, which is mountainous and less agricultural.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is only in the last population census (1989) that the nationality could be reported not according to the passport, but freely declared based on the respondent's ethnic self-identification.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had the effect of increasing the Tajik population in Uzbekistan from 3.9% in 1979 to 4.7% in 1989. Some scholars estimate that Tajiks may make up 35% of Uzbekistan's population, and believe that just like Afghanistan, there are more Tajiks in Uzbekistan than in Tajikistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Registan_square_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Registan_square_2014.JPG/250px-Registan_square_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Registan_square_2014.JPG/375px-Registan_square_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Registan_square_2014.JPG/500px-Registan_square_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>View of the Registan in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> – although the second largest city of <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, it is predominantly a Tajik populated city, along with <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks of Xinjiang</a></div> <p><b>Chinese Tajiks</b> or <b>Mountain Tajiks in China</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[tudʒik]</a></span>, <i>Tujik</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">塔吉克族</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tǎjíkè Zú</span></i>), including Sarikolis (majority) and <a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a> (minority) in China, are the <a href="/wiki/Pamiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri people">Pamiri</a> ethnic group that lives in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Uyghur_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern China</a>. They are one of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">56 nationalities</a> officially recognized by the government of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">Demographics of Kazakhstan</a></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">1999 population census</a>, there were 26,000 Tajiks in Kazakhstan (0.17% of the total population), about the same number as in the 1989 census. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Demographics of Kyrgyzstan">Demographics of Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Kyrgyzstan">official statistics</a>, there were about 47,500 Tajiks in Kyrgyzstan in 2007 (0.9% of the total population), up from 42,600 in the 1999 census and 33,500 in the 1989 census. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkmenistan" title="Demographics of Turkmenistan">Demographics of Turkmenistan</a></div> <p>According to the last Soviet census in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were 3,149 Tajiks in Turkmenistan, or less than 0.1% of the total population of 3.5 million at that time. The first population census of independent Turkmenistan conducted in 1995 showed 3,103 Tajiks in a population of 4.4 million (0.07%), most of them (1,922) concentrated in the eastern provinces of <a href="/wiki/Lebap_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebap Province">Lebap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Province">Mary</a> adjoining the borders with Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> <p>The population of Tajiks in Russia was about 350,236 according to the 2021 census,<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 38,000 in the last <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> census of 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-census2002_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2002-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Tajiks came to Russia after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, often as <a href="/wiki/Gastarbeiter" title="Gastarbeiter">guest workers</a> in places like <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> or federal subjects near the Kazakhstan border.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently estimated to be over one million Tajik guest workers living in Russia, with their remittances accounting for as much as half of Tajikistan's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023208_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023208-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_in_Pakistan" title="Tajiks in Pakistan">Tajiks in Pakistan</a></div> <p>There are an estimated 220,000 <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_in_Pakistan" title="Tajiks in Pakistan">Tajiks in Pakistan</a> as of 2012, mainly refugees from Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1990s, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajikistan Civil War">Tajikistan Civil War</a>, between 700 and 1,200 Tajiks arrived in Pakistan, mainly as students, the children of Tajik refugees in Afghanistan. In 2002, around 300 requested to return home and were repatriated back to Tajikistan with the help of the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a> and the two countries' authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Tajiks_in_Pakistan_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tajiks_in_Pakistan-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik Americans</a></div> <p>80,414 Tajiks live in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg/250px-Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg/375px-Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg/500px-Young_girls_from_northern_Afghanistan-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Tajik girls in <a href="/wiki/Khwahan,_Afghanistan" title="Khwahan, Afghanistan">Khwahan, Afghanistan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A 2014 study of the <a href="/wiki/MtDNA_haplogroup" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA haplogroup">maternal haplogroups</a> of Tajiks from Tajikistan revealed substantial admixture of West Eurasian and East Eurasian lineages, and also the presence of South Asian and North African lineages, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study reports that "the Tajik <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> pool gene pool harbors nearly equal proportions of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Eurasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Eurasia">eastern Eurasian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Eurasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Eurasia">western Eurasian</a> haplotypes."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>West Eurasian maternal lineages included haplogroups H, J, K, T, I, W and U.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Eurasian lineages included haplogroups M, C, Z, D, G, A, Y and B.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Asian lineages detected in this study included haplogroups M and R.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One lineage in the Tajik sample was assigned to the North African maternal haplogroup X2j.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dominant <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA haplogroup">paternal haplogroup</a> among modern Tajiks is the Haplogroup <a href="/wiki/R1a" class="mw-redirect" title="R1a">R1a</a> Y-DNA. ~45% of Tajik men share R1a (M17), ~18% J (M172), ~8% R2 (M124), and ~8% C (M130 & M48). Tajiks of Panjikent score 68% R1a, Tajiks of Khojant score 64% R1a.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high frequency of haplogroup R1a in the Tajiks probably reflects a strong <a href="/wiki/Founder_effect" title="Founder effect">founder effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another genetic test, 63% of Tajik male samples from Tajikistan carry R1a.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg/250px-Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg/375px-Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg/500px-Genetic_formation_of_modern_Tajik_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Schematic map showing the possible admixture model for Tajik populations. The time in parentheses represent a range. Arrows in different colors indicate ancestral sources and directions of the gene flows.</figcaption></figure> <p>An autosomal DNA study by Guarino-Vignon et al. (2022), suggested that modern Tajiks show genetic continuity with ancient samples from <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>. The genetic ancestry of Tajiks consists largely of a West-Eurasian component (~74%), an East Asian-related component (~18%), and a South Asian component samplified by <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese people">Great Andamanese</a> (~8%). According to the authors, the South Asian (Great Andamanese) affinity of Tajiks was previously unreported, although evidence for the presence of a deep South Asian ancestry was already found previously in other Central Asian samples (e.g. among modern Turkmens and historical <a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex</a> samples). Both historical and more recent geneflow (~1500 years ago) shaped the genetic makeup of Southern Central Asian populations, such as the Tajiks.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A follow-up study by Dai et al. (2022) estimated that the Tajiks derive between 11.6 and 18.6% ancestry from admixture with from an East-Eurasian steppe source represented by the <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a>, with the remainder of their ancestry being derived from <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Western Steppe Herders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">BMAC</a> components, as well as a small contribution from the early population associated with the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_mummies" title="Tarim mummies">Tarim mummies</a>. The authors concluded that Tajiks "present patterns of genetic continuity of Central Asians since the Bronze Age".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender; padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Tajik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik people">Tajiks</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> History and culture</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tajikistan" title="Culture of Tajikistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Tajikistan">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart" title="Sart">Sart</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Population</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan#Tajiks" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Canadians" title="Tajik Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_in_Pakistan" title="Tajiks in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tajikistan#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Demographics of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tajiks" title="Template:Tajiks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tajiks" title="Template talk:Tajiks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tajiks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tajiks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_house_haft_seen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/White_house_haft_seen.jpg/220px-White_house_haft_seen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/White_house_haft_seen.jpg/330px-White_house_haft_seen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/White_house_haft_seen.jpg/440px-White_house_haft_seen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haft-Seen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haft-Seen">Haft-Seen</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> ceremony for new Persian Year, prepared by <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dari_(Persian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari (Persian)">Dari (Persian)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Tajik_ASSR.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_Arms_of_Tajik_ASSR.gif/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Tajik_ASSR.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Coat_of_Arms_of_Tajik_ASSR.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tajik_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik ASSR">Tajik autonomous republic</a> coat of arms with <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جمهوری اجتماعی شوروى مختار تاجيكستان</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The language of the Tajiks is an eastern dialect of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Dari_(Eastern_Persian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari (Eastern Persian)">Dari</a> (derived from <i>Darbārī</i>, "[of/from the] royal courts", in the sense of "courtly language"), or also Parsi-e Darbari. In Tajikistan, where <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> script is used, it is called the <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajiki language</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, unlike in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, Tajiks continue to use the <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a>, as well as in Iran. When the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> introduced the Latin script in 1928, and later the Cyrillic script, the Persian dialect of Tajikistan came to be disassociated from the Tajik language. Many Tajik authors have lamented this artificial separation of the Tajik language from its Iranian heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One Tajik poem relates: </p> <blockquote><p><i>Once you said 'you are Iranian', then you said, 'you are Tajik'</i> <i>May he die separated from his roots, he who separated us</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Since the 19th century, Tajiki has been strongly influenced by the Russian language and has incorporated many Russian language <a href="/wiki/Loan_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan words">loan words</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eiturkloan_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eiturkloan-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also adopted fewer <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> loan words than Iranian Persian while retaining vocabulary that has fallen out of use in the latter language. </p><p>Many Tajiks can read, speak or write in Russian, however the prestige and importance of Russian has declined since the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the exodus of Russians from Central Asia. Nevertheless, Russian fluency is still considered an vital skill for business and education.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdullaev_2018_p._257_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdullaev_2018_p._257-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dialects of modern <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> spoken throughout <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> have a common origin. This is due to the fact that one of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a>'s historical cultural capitals, called <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a>, which included parts of modern Central Asia and much of Afghanistan and constitutes as the Tajik's ancestral homeland, played a key role in the development and propagation of Persian language and culture throughout much of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> after the Muslim conquest. Furthermore, early manuscripts of the historical Persian spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> during the development of Middle to New Persian show that their origins came from <a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a>, in present-day Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Islam in Afghanistan">Islam in Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tajikistan" title="Islam in Tajikistan">Islam in Tajikistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uzbekistan" title="Islam in Uzbekistan">Islam in Uzbekistan</a></div><p>Various scholars have recorded the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> pre-Islamic heritage of the Tajik people. Early temples for fire worship have been found in <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> and excavations in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan show remnants of Zoroastrian fire temples.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, however, the great majority of Tajiks follow <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, although small <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaili">Ismaili</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> minorities also exist in scattered pockets. Areas with large numbers of Shias include <a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan</a> provinces in Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Badakhshan_Autonomous_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province">Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province</a> in Tajikistan, and <a href="/wiki/Tashkurgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" title="Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County">Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County</a> in China. Some of the famous Islamic scholars were from either modern or historical East-Iranian regions lying in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and therefore can arguably be viewed as Tajiks. They include <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Imam Bukhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Tirmidhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Dawud al-Sijistani">Abu Dawood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> and many others. </p><p>According to a 2009 <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a> release, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim, (approximately 85% <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> and 5% <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, the great number of Tajiks adhere to <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. A small number of Tajiks may follow <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Farsiwan" title="Farsiwan">Farsiwan</a> are one such group.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaikh_1992_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaikh_1992-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community of <a href="/wiki/Bukharian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukharian Jews">Bukharian Jews</a> in Central Asia speak a dialect of Persian. The <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek Jews">Bukharian Jewish community in Uzbekistan</a> is the largest remaining community of Central Asian Jews and resides primarily in Bukhara and Samarkand, while the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tajikistan" title="History of the Jews in Tajikistan">Bukharaian Jews of Tajikistan</a> live in Dushanbe and number only a few hundred.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1970s to the 1990s the majority of these Tajik-speaking Jews emigrated to the United States and to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a>. Recently, the Protestant community of Tajiks descent has experienced significant growth, a 2015 study estimates some 2,600 Muslim Tajik converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tajikistan marked 2009 as the year to commemorate the Tajik Sunni Muslim jurist <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>, whose ancestry hailed from <a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan Province</a> of Afghanistan, as the nation hosted an international symposium that drew scientific and religious leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of one of the largest mosques in the world, funded by <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, was announced in October 2009. The mosque is planned to be built in Dushanbe and construction is said to be completed by 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_revival">Cultural revival</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%2C_01.jpg/250px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%2C_01.jpg/375px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%2C_01.jpg/500px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%22_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3._%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Tajiks celebrating <a href="/wiki/Mehregan" title="Mehregan">Mehregan</a> in Dushanbe park.</figcaption></figure> <p>The collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (1978–present)">Civil War in Afghanistan</a> both gave rise to a resurgence in Tajik nationalism across the region, including a trial to revert to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Perso-Arabic</a> script in Tajikistan.<sup id="cite_ref-EoIranic_Tajik_Persian_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoIranic_Tajik_Persian-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Tajikistan in particular has been a focal point for this movement, and the government there has made a conscious effort to revive the legacy of the <a href="/wiki/Samanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanid">Samanid</a> empire, the first Tajik-dominated state in the region after the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> advance. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Tajikistan" title="President of Tajikistan">President of Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emomalii_Rahmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emomalii Rahmon">Emomalii Rahmon</a>, dropped the Russian suffix "-ov" from his surname and directed others to adopt Tajik names when registering births.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a government announcement in October 2009, approximately 4,000 Tajik nationals have dropped "ov" and "ev" from their surnames since the start of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Renaissance_Party_of_Tajikistan" title="Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan">Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan</a> proposed a draft law to have the nation's language referred to as "Tajiki-Farsi" rather than "Tajik." The proposal drew criticism from Russian media since the bill sought to remove the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> as Tajikistan's inter-ethnic <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, the original name of the language (Farsi) had been added to its official name in brackets, though Rahmon's government renamed the language to simply "Tajiki" in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 October 2009, Tajikistan adopted the law that removes Russian as the <i>lingua franca</i> and mandated Tajik as the language to be used in official documents and education, with an exception for members Tajikistan's ethnic minority groups, who would be permitted to receive an education in the language of their choosing.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tajikistan" title="Portal:Tajikistan">Tajikistan portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_people" title="Chagatai people">Chagatai Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharduri_people" title="Kharduri people">Kharduri Tajiks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people from Afghanistan the United States is estimated as 80,414 (2005).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/afghanistan-population">"Afghanistan Population 2024 (Live)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan+Population+2024+%28Live%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Fafghanistan-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMobasher" class="citation web cs1">Mobasher, Mohammad Bashir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/40616/Mobasher_washington_0250E_17869.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Political Laws and Ethnic Accommodation: Why Cross-Ethnic Coalitions Have Failed to Institutionalize in Afghanistan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>digital.lib.washington.edu</i>. University of Washington.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.lib.washington.edu&rft.atitle=Political+Laws+and+Ethnic+Accommodation%3A+Why+Cross-Ethnic+Coalitions+Have+Failed+to+Institutionalize+in+Afghanistan&rft.aulast=Mobasher&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Bashir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%2Fresearchworks%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1773%2F40616%2FMobasher_washington_0250E_17869.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS10RizoevENG.pdf">"Dissemination of the Republic of Tajikistan Population and Housing Census data 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>unece.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unece.org&rft.atitle=Dissemination+of+the+Republic+of+Tajikistan+Population+and+Housing+Census+data+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funece.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-09%2FWS10RizoevENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/tajikistan-population">"Tajikistan Population 2024 (Live)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tajikistan+Population+2024+%28Live%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Ftajikistan-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.egov.uz/eng/data/6117a05996188a0f14ac917b?page=1">"Permanent population by national and / Or ethnic group, urban / Rural place of residence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permanent+population+by+national+and+%2F+Or+ethnic+group%2C+urban+%2F+Rural+place+of+residence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.egov.uz%2Feng%2Fdata%2F6117a05996188a0f14ac917b%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karl_Cordell_1999._pg_201-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karl_Cordell_1999._pg_201_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Cordell, "Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe", Routledge, 1998. p. 201: "Consequently, the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajikis within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academic and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajiks in Uzbekistan">Tajiks in Uzbekistan</a>, constituting 30% of the republic's 22 million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7%(Foltz 1996;213; Carlisle 1995:88).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lena_Jonson_2006._pg_108-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lena_Jonson_2006._pg_108_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lena Jonson (1976) "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", I.B.Tauris, p. 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 3% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya, Samarqand and Bukhara regions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russiancensus-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russiancensus_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2Ftab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.gov.kg/en/opendata/category/312/">"Total population by nationality (assessment at the beginning of the year, people)"</a>. <i>Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan</i>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028023525/https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Statistics+of+Kyrgyzstan&rft.atitle=Total+population+by+nationality+%28assessment+at+the+beginning+of+the+year%2C+people%29&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.kg%2Fen%2Fopendata%2Fcategory%2F312%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212040323/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:501&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=045&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en">"US demographic census"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:501&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=045&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en">the original</a> on 12 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+demographic+census&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-reg%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%3A501%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%3A501%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%3A501%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%3A501%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-ds_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_%26-TABLE_NAMEX%3D%26-ci_type%3DA%26-redoLog%3Dtrue%26-charIterations%3D045%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-format%3D%26-_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span> Of this number, approximately 65% are Tajiks according to a group of American researchers (Barbara Robson, Juliene Lipson, <a href="/wiki/Farid_Younos" class="mw-redirect" title="Farid Younos">Farid Younos</a>, Mariam Mehdi). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cal.org/co/afghan/apeop.html">Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100127081653/http://www.cal.org/co/afghan/apeop.html">Archived</a> 27 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Afghans – their history and culture</i> Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/56081073">OCLC 56081073</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713173249/http://worldcat.org/oclc/56081073">Archived</a> 13 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT355258">"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам"</a>. <i>stat.gov.kz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527204929/https://www.stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT355258">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stat.gov.kz&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.kz%2Fapi%2FgetFile%2F%3FdocId%3DESTAT355258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-04/14/content_254445.htm">"塔吉克族"</a>. <i>www.gov.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224172410/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-04/14/content_254445.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Ftest%2F2006-04%2F14%2Fcontent_254445.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=75&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20&n_page=4">State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723113448/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=75&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20&n_page=4">Archived</a> 23 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Ukrainian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100825055806/http://asiaplus.tj/news/16/47964.html">"Все новости"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiaplus.tj/news/16/47964.html">the original</a> on 25 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasiaplus.tj%2Fnews%2F16%2F47964.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5775.htm">"Tajikistan"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513180616/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5775.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Tajikistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F5775.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EofI-Tadjik-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EofI-Tadjik_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EofI-Tadjik_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.E._BosworthB.G._Fragner1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">C.E. Bosworth; B.G. Fragner (1999). "TĀ<u>DJ</u>ĪK". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i> (CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=T%C4%80%3Cu%3EDJ%3C%2Fu%3E%C4%AAK&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.edition=CD-ROM+Edition+v.+1.0&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=1999&rft.au=C.E.+Bosworth&rft.au=B.G.+Fragner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suny-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suny_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suny_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuny2006" class="citation book cs1">Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/limitsofculturei0000unse/page/100">"History and Foreign Policy: From Constructed Identities to "Ancient Hatreds" East of the Caspian"</a>. In Shaffer, Brenda (ed.). <i>The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy</i>. MIT Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/limitsofculturei0000unse/page/100">100–110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-69321-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-69321-6"><bdi>0-262-69321-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+and+Foreign+Policy%3A+From+Constructed+Identities+to+%22Ancient+Hatreds%22+East+of+the+Caspian&rft.btitle=The+Limits+of+Culture%3A+Islam+and+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=100-110&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-262-69321-6&rft.aulast=Suny&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Grigor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flimitsofculturei0000unse%2Fpage%2F100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arlund1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arlund1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArlund2006" class="citation book cs1">Arlund, Pamela S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositories.tdl.org/tdl/handle/10106/438"><i>An Acoustic, Historical, And Developmental Analysis of Sarikol Tajik Diphthongs. PhD Dissertation</i></a>. The University of Texas at Arlington. p. 191. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131210124041/http://repositories.tdl.org/tdl/handle/10106/438">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Acoustic%2C+Historical%2C+And+Developmental+Analysis+of+Sarikol+Tajik+Diphthongs.+PhD+Dissertation&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=The+University+of+Texas+at+Arlington&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Arlund&rft.aufirst=Pamela+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepositories.tdl.org%2Ftdl%2Fhandle%2F10106%2F438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-felmy-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-felmy_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelmy1996" class="citation book cs1">Felmy, Sabine (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gTtuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The voice of the nightingale: a personal account of the Wakhi culture in Hunza</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-577599-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-577599-6"><bdi>0-19-577599-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410121622/https://books.google.com/books?id=gTtuAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+voice+of+the+nightingale%3A+a+personal+account+of+the+Wakhi+culture+in+Hunza&rft.place=Karachi&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-577599-6&rft.aulast=Felmy&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgTtuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2014" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (10 February 2014). <i>Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+North%2C+East%2C+and+Central+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoundation" class="citation web cs1">Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/">"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>iranicaonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410171658/https://iranicaonline.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. A. Litvinsky, Ahmad Hasan Dani (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Age of Achievement, A.D. 750 to the end of the 15th-century. Excerpt: "...they were the basis for the emergence and gradual consolidation of what became an Eastern Persian-Tajik ethnic identity." pp. 101. UNESCO. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231032110" title="Special:BookSources/9789231032110">9789231032110</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EofI-Afghanistan-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EofI-Afghanistan_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Longworth_DamesG._MorgenstierneR._Ghirshman1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">M. Longworth Dames; G. Morgenstierne & R. Ghirshman (1999). "AF<u>GH</u>ĀNISTĀN". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i> (CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0 ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AF%3Cu%3EGH%3C%2Fu%3E%C4%80NIST%C4%80N&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.edition=CD-ROM+Edition+v.+1.0&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=1999&rft.au=M.+Longworth+Dames&rft.au=G.+Morgenstierne&rft.au=R.+Ghirshman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_Burton_1993_pp._244-245_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, Burton(1993). <i>Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian</i>. Translated by Burton Watson. Han Dynasty II (Revised Edition), pp. 244–245. Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-08166-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-08166-9">0-231-08166-9</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-08167-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-08167-7">0-231-08167-7</a> (pbk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loc.gov-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/97005110/">Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan : country studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520055121/https://www.loc.gov/item/97005110/">Archived</a> 20 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, page 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoltz2019" class="citation book cs1">Foltz, Richard (2019). <i>A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East</i>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 36–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7883-1652-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7883-1652-1"><bdi>978-1-7883-1652-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Tajiks%3A+Iranians+of+the+East&rft.pages=36-39&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-7883-1652-1&rft.aulast=Foltz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergne2007-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergne2007_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Bergne2007" class="citation book cs1">Paul Bergne (15 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3coojMwTKU8C&pg=PA5"><i>The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 5–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-283-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-283-7"><bdi>978-1-84511-283-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Tajikistan%3A+National+Identity+and+the+Origins+of+the+Republic&rft.pages=5-&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-283-7&rft.au=Paul+Bergne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3coojMwTKU8C%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeriBacharach2006-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeriBacharach2006_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosef_W._MeriJere_L._Bacharach2006" class="citation book cs1">Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LaV-IGZ8VKIC&q=sogdian+islam&pg=PA829"><i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 829–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96692-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96692-4"><bdi>978-0-415-96692-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006155344/https://books.google.com/books?id=LaV-IGZ8VKIC&q=sogdian+islam&pg=PA829">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+L-Z%2C+index&rft.pages=829-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96692-4&rft.au=Josef+W.+Meri&rft.au=Jere+L.+Bacharach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLaV-IGZ8VKIC%26q%3Dsogdian%2Bislam%26pg%3DPA829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan/Cultural-life#ref214553">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021112841/https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan/Cultural-life#ref214553">Archived</a> 21 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerjalWellsYuldashevaRuzibakiev2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>71</b> (3): 466–482. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F342096">10.1086/342096</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">419996</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145751">12145751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+Genetic+Landscape+Reshaped+by+Recent+Events%3A+Y-Chromosomal+Insights+into+Central+Asia&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=466-482&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12145751&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F342096&rft.aulast=Zerjal&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft.au=Wells%2C+R.+Spencer&rft.au=Yuldasheva%2C+Nadira&rft.au=Ruzibakiev%2C+Ruslan&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2002" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ7k2vQlYxEC&pg=PA50"><i>Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041746" title="Special:BookSources/0391041746"><bdi>0391041746</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410122239/https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ7k2vQlYxEC&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2018</span> – via google.nl.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Hind%3A+The+Slavic+Kings+and+the+Islamic+conquest%2C+11th%E2%80%9313th+centuries&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0391041746&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuQ7k2vQlYxEC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz202333-60-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz202333-60_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoltz2023">Foltz 2023</a>, p. 33-60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelson_Frye" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nelson Frye">Richard Nelson Frye</a>, <i>"Persien: bis zum Einbruch des Islam"</i> (original English title: <i>"The Heritage of Persia"</i>), German version, tr. by Paul Baudisch, Kindler Verlag AG, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> 1964, pp. 485–498</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frey96-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frey96_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelson_Frye" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nelson Frye">Frye, Richard Nelson</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0RSXSu1x9hwC"><i>The heritage of Central Asia from antiquity to the Turkish expansion</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55876-110-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55876-110-1"><bdi>1-55876-110-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124200452/https://books.google.com/books?id=0RSXSu1x9hwC">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+heritage+of+Central+Asia+from+antiquity+to+the+Turkish+expansion&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-55876-110-1&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Richard+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0RSXSu1x9hwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan/Cultural-life#ref214553">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021112841/https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan/Cultural-life#ref214553">Archived</a> 21 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoperBodrogligeti1996" class="citation book cs1">Soper, J.D.; Bodrogligeti, A.J.E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZUbAQAAIAAJ"><i>Loan Syntax in Turkic and Iranian</i></a>. Eurasian language archives. Eurolingua. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-931922-58-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-931922-58-9"><bdi>978-0-931922-58-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loan+Syntax+in+Turkic+and+Iranian&rft.series=Eurasian+language+archives&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Eurolingua&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-931922-58-9&rft.aulast=Soper&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft.au=Bodrogligeti%2C+A.J.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ZUbAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span> "Western languages were located in the western portion of the Iranian plateau, separated by the Dasht - e Kavir and Dasht - e Lūt deserts from the Eastern Iranian dialects."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami by Durga Prasad Dikshit p.192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The First Spring: The Golden Age of India by Abraham Eraly p.91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Krader1971" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence Krader (1971). <i>Peoples of Central Asia</i>. Indiana University. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Lawrence+Krader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Charles_Blanc1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean-Charles Blanc (1976). <i>L'Afghanistan et ses populations</i> (in French). Éditions Complexe. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afghanistan+et+ses+populations&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Jean-Charles+Blanc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth</a>/B.G. Fragner, "Tā<u>dj</u>īk", in <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, Online Edition: <i>"... In Islamic usage, [Tā<u>dj</u>īk] eventually came to designate the Persians, as opposed to Turks [...] the oldest citation for it which Schraeder could find was in verses of <u>Dj</u>alāl al-Dīn Rūmī ..."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ali Shir Nava'i <i>Muhakamat al-lughatain</i> tr. & ed. Robert Devereaux (Leiden: Brill) 1966 p6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-tj-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA-tj_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/">"Tajikistan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 5 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820040637/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Tajikistan&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Ftajikistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barfield-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barfield_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barfield_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4VR0EAAAQBAJ">[3]</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nps.edu/web/ccs/ethnic-genealogies">"Ethnic Identity and Genealogies - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Identity+and+Genealogies+-+Program+for+Culture+and+Conflict+Studies+-+Naval+Postgraduate+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnps.edu%2Fweb%2Fccs%2Fethnic-genealogies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOC-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LOC_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Research_Division_of_the_Library_of_Congress1997" class="citation web cs1">Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-39.html">"Afghanistan: Tajik"</a>. <i>Country Studies Series</i>. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194423/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-39.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Country+Studies+Series&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+Tajik&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Federal+Research+Division+of+the+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.country-data.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr-39.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellew, Henry Walter (1891) <i>An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan</i> The Oriental Institute, Woking, Butler & Tanner, Frome, United Kingdom, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aninquiryintoet00goog/page/n130">page 126</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/182913077">182913077</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Markham, C. R. (January 1879) "The Mountain Passes on the Afghan Frontier of British India" <i>Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography</i> (New Monthly Series) 1(1): pp. 38–62, p.48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-af-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA-af_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/">"Population of Afghanistan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184342/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Population+of+Afghanistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fafghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas-afghanistan-153-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atlas-afghanistan-153_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Country Factfiles. — Afghanistan, page 153. // Atlas. Fourth Edition. Editors: Ben Hoare, Margaret Parrish. Publisher: Jonathan Metcalf. First published in Great Britain in 2001 by Dorling Kindersley Limited. London: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>, 2010, 432 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405350396" title="Special:BookSources/9781405350396">9781405350396</a> "Population: 28.1 million<br />Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%<br />Ethnic Mix: Pashtun 38%, Tajik <b>25%</b>, Hazara 19%, Uzbek, Turkmen, other 18%"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf">"ABC NEWS/BBC/ARD poll – Afghanistan: Where Things Stand"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kabul, Afghanistan: ABC News. pp. 38–40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+NEWS%2FBBC%2FARD+poll+%E2%80%93+Afghanistan%3A+Where+Things+Stand&rft.place=Kabul%2C+Afghanistan&rft.pages=38-40&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fimages%2FPollingUnit%2F1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maley, William, ed. <i>Fundamentalism reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban</i>, p. 170. NYU Press, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-Tajik-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brit-Tajik_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/581024/Tajik">"Tajik"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125205057/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/581024/Tajik">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>. <q>There were about 5,000,000 in Afghanistan, where they constituted about one-fifth of the population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tajik&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F581024%2FTajik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD2016" class="citation book cs1">D, Hamid Hadi M. (24 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xx3_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT501"><i>Afghanistan's Experiences: The History of the Most Horrifying Events Involving Politics, Religion, and Terrorism</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5049-8614-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5049-8614-4"><bdi>978-1-5049-8614-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%27s+Experiences%3A+The+History+of+the+Most+Horrifying+Events+Involving+Politics%2C+Religion%2C+and+Terrorism&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft.isbn=978-1-5049-8614-4&rft.aulast=D&rft.aufirst=Hamid+Hadi+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxx3_CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/50.htm">"Afghanistan - Qizilbash"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan+-+Qizilbash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fafghanistan%2F50.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fazel, S. M. (2017). <i>Ethnohistory of the Qizilbash in Kabul: Migration, State, and a Shi'a Minority</i> (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University), p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sil.org-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sil.org_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehr2014" class="citation book cs1">Lehr, Rachel (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Indo-Aryan/Pashai%2C%20A%20Descriptive%20Grammar%20of%20%28Lehr%29.pdf"><i>A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Chicago, Division of the Humanities, Department of Linguistics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-321-22417-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-321-22417-7"><bdi>978-1-321-22417-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Descriptive+Grammar+of+Pashai%3A+The+Language+and+Speech+Community+of+Darrai+Nur&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago%2C+Division+of+the+Humanities%2C+Department+of+Linguistics&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-321-22417-7&rft.aulast=Lehr&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheswissbay.ch%2Fpdf%2FBooks%2FLinguistics%2FMega%2520linguistics%2520pack%2FIndo-European%2FIndo-Aryan%2FPashai%252C%2520A%2520Descriptive%2520Grammar%2520of%2520%2528Lehr%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ula.uzsci.net/publishing/ru/etnic.htm"><i>Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006133509/http://ula.uzsci.net/publishing/ru/etnic.htm">Archived</a> 6 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, table with number of Tajiks by province <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-uz-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA-uz_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/">"Uzbekistan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 6 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203042919/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Uzbekistan&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fuzbekistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USStateDept-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USStateDept_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor2000" class="citation web cs1">Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (23 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212014439/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/369.htm">"Uzbekistan"</a>. <i>Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 1999</i>. U.S. Department of State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/369.htm">the original</a> on 12 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Country+Reports+on+Human+Rights+Practices+%E2%80%93+1999&rft.atitle=Uzbekistan&rft.date=2000-02-23&rft.au=Bureau+of+Democracy%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Labor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2F1999%2F369.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahim Masov, <i>The History of the Clumsy Delimitation</i>, Irfon Publ. House, Dushanbe, 1991 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>. English translation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Masov/frame.html"><i>The History of a National Catastrophe</i></a>, transl. <a href="/wiki/Iraj_Bashiri" title="Iraj Bashiri">Iraj Bashiri</a>, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ula.uzsci.net/publishing/ru/etnic.htm"><i>Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006133509/http://ula.uzsci.net/publishing/ru/etnic.htm">Archived</a> 6 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, p. 195 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornell-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cornell_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornellcaspian.com/pub/0010uzbekistan.htm">Svante E. Cornell, "Uzbekistan: A Regional Player in Eurasian Geopolitics?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090505153156/http://www.cornellcaspian.com/pub/0010uzbekistan.htm">Archived</a> 5 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>European Security</i>, vol. 20, no. 2, Summer 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=14">"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314043707/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=14">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF+Weekly+%E2%80%93+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fsng_nac_89.php%3Freg%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Population census of Turkmenistan 1995</i>, Vol. 1, State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 1996, pp. 75–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2021_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Национальный состав населения"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2002-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2002_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309143210/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm">"2002 Russian census"</a>. Perepis2002.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm">the original</a> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+Russian+census&rft.pub=Perepis2002.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fhtml%2FTOM_14_24.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906073144/http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11">"4. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ И ВЛАДЕНИЮ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ПО СУБЪЕКТАМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ"</a>. <i>gks.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-04.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gks.ru&rft.atitle=4.+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98+%D0%98+%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AE+%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%9C+%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AB%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C+%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%AA%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9C+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%99+%D0%A4%D0%95%D0%94%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%98&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2FDocuments%2FVol4%2Fpub-04-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023208-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023208_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoltz2023">Foltz 2023</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pakistan-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ethnic composition of the 1.7 million registered Afghan refugees living in Pakistan are believed to be 85% Pashtun and 15% Tajik, Uzbek and others.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e487016">"2012 UNHCR country operations profile – Pakistan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724052251/https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e487016">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+UNHCR+country+operations+profile+%E2%80%93+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Fpage%3Fpage%3D49e487016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tajiks_in_Pakistan-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tajiks_in_Pakistan_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees2002" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/3d99d4654.html">"Long-time Tajik refugees return home from Pakistan"</a>. UNHCR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419113350/https://www.unhcr.org/3d99d4654.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long-time+Tajik+refugees+return+home+from+Pakistan&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2F3d99d4654.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212040323/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:501&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=045&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en">"American FactFinder - Results"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder+-+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.today%2F20200212040323%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-reg%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%3A501%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%3A501%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%3A501%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%3A501%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-ds_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_%26-TABLE_NAMEX%3D%26-ci_type%3DA%26-redoLog%3Dtrue%26-charIterations%3D045%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-format%3D%26-_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvchinnikovMalekDreesKholina2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ovchinnikov, Igor V.; Malek, Mathew J.; Drees, Kenneth; Kholina, Olga I. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1344622314001278">"Mitochondrial DNA variation in Tajiks living in Tajikistan"</a>. <i>Legal Medicine</i>. <b>16</b> (6): 390–395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.legalmed.2014.07.009">10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.07.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1344-6223">1344-6223</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25155918">25155918</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117234343/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1344622314001278">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Legal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+variation+in+Tajiks+living+in+Tajikistan&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=390-395&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1344-6223&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25155918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.legalmed.2014.07.009&rft.aulast=Ovchinnikov&rft.aufirst=Igor+V.&rft.au=Malek%2C+Mathew+J.&rft.au=Drees%2C+Kenneth&rft.au=Kholina%2C+Olga+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1344622314001278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span> "The Tajik mtDNA pool was characterized by substantial admixture of western and eastern Eurasian haplogroups, 62.6% and 26.4% sequences, respectively. It also contained 9.9% of South Asian and 1.1% of African haplotypes."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Irwin, Jodi A. (6 February 2010). "The mtDNA composition of Uzbekistan: a microcosm of Central Asian patterns". <i>International Journal of Legal Medicine</i>. <b>124</b> (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 195–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00414-009-0406-z">10.1007/s00414-009-0406-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0937-9827">0937-9827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20140442">20140442</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2759130">2759130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Legal+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+mtDNA+composition+of+Uzbekistan%3A+a+microcosm+of+Central+Asian+patterns&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=195-204&rft.date=2010-02-06&rft.issn=0937-9827&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2759130%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20140442&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00414-009-0406-z&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Jodi+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span> "The Tajik mtDNA gene pool harbors nearly equal proportions of eastern Eurasian and western Eurasian haplotypes"...."The genetic features of other ethnic populations likely also reflect their documented demographic histories. For instance, the small mtDNA distance between the Tajik and Uzbek populations suggests a recent shared history. Tajiks and Uzbeks were only formally differentiated in 1929 when the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was established, and up to 40% of the current Uzbek population is of Tajik ancestry (Library of Congress Federal Research Division Country Profile: Uzbekistan Feb 2007)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOvchinnikovMalekDreesKholina2014">Ovchinnikov et al. 2014</a>, p. 392: "The western Eurasian component is represented by haplo- groups HV/, HV0, H, J, K, T, and U of the macrohaplogroup R, and haplogroups I and W of the macrohaplogroup N [22]."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOvchinnikovMalekDreesKholina2014">Ovchinnikov et al. 2014</a>, p. 392: "The eastern Eurasian component is represented by haplogroups M8, M10, C, Z, D, G of the macrohaplogroup M, haplogroups A and Y1 of the macrohaplogroup N, and haplogroup B of the macrohaplogroup R [22]."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOvchinnikovMalekDreesKholina2014">Ovchinnikov et al. 2014</a>, p. 392: "The south Asian component is comprised of nine mtDNA sequences (9.9%) belonging to the macrohaplogroups M and R [22]. Two sequences were assigned to main branches of M including M3a1 (1.1%) and M30 (1.1%). Macrohaplogroup R was represented by six mtDNA sequences (6.6%) belonging to R0a (1 sample), R1 (2 samples), R2 (1 sample), and R5a (2 samples). One Tajik mtDNA sequence (1.1%) belonged to aforementioned U2b2, a south Asian autochthonous subhaplogroup of the macrohaplogroup R [25]."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOvchinnikovMalekDreesKholina2014">Ovchinnikov et al. 2014</a>, p. 392: "One Tajik mtDNA sequence (1.1%) was assigned to subhaplogroup X2j. X2j is considered to be of North African origin [23]."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellsYuldashevaRuzibakiev2001" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, RS; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; et al. (August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC56946">"The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. <b>98</b> (18): 10244–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PNAS...9810244W">2001PNAS...9810244W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.171305098">10.1073/pnas.171305098</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC56946">56946</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11526236">11526236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=The+Eurasian+heartland%3A+a+continental+perspective+on+Y-chromosome+diversity&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=10244-9&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC56946%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11526236&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.171305098&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001PNAS...9810244W&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=RS&rft.au=Yuldasheva%2C+N&rft.au=Ruzibakiev%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC56946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerjalWellsYuldashevaRuzibakiev2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zerjal, T; Wells, RS; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; Tyler-Smith, C (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>71</b> (3): 466–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F342096">10.1086/342096</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">419996</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145751">12145751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+Genetic+Landscape+Reshaped+by+Recent+Events%3A+Y-Chromosomal+Insights+into+Central+Asia&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=466-82&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12145751&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F342096&rft.aulast=Zerjal&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Wells%2C+RS&rft.au=Yuldasheva%2C+N&rft.au=Ruzibakiev%2C+R&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerjalWellsYuldashevaRuzibakiev2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>71</b> (3): 466–482. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F342096">10.1086/342096</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9297">0002-9297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419996">419996</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145751">12145751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+Genetic+Landscape+Reshaped+by+Recent+Events%3A+Y-Chromosomal+Insights+into+Central+Asia&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=466-482&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9297&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12145751&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F342096&rft.aulast=Zerjal&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft.au=Wells%2C+R.+Spencer&rft.au=Yuldasheva%2C+Nadira&rft.au=Ruzibakiev%2C+Ruslan&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC419996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuarino-VignonMarchiBendezu-SarmientoHeyer2022" class="citation journal cs1">Guarino-Vignon, Perle; Marchi, Nina; Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio; Heyer, Evelyne; Bon, Céline (14 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8760286">"Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 733. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..12..733G">2022NatSR..12..733G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-04144-4">10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8760286">8760286</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35031610">35031610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Genetic+continuity+of+Indo-Iranian+speakers+since+the+Iron+Age+in+southern+Central+Asia&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=733&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8760286%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatSR..12..733G&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35031610&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-021-04144-4&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Guarino-Vignon&rft.aufirst=Perle&rft.au=Marchi%2C+Nina&rft.au=Bendezu-Sarmiento%2C+Julio&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft.au=Bon%2C+C%C3%A9line&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8760286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDai_et_al._20222022" class="citation journal cs1">Dai et al. 2022 (25 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/39/9/msac179/6675590?login=false">"The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians"</a>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>39</b> (9). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsac179">10.1093/molbev/msac179</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9469894">9469894</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36006373">36006373</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317192632/https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/39/9/msac179/6675590?login=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Echo+of+the+Tarim+Mummies+in+Modern+Central+Asians&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9469894%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36006373&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsac179&rft.au=Dai+et+al.+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fmbe%2Farticle%2F39%2F9%2Fmsac179%2F6675590%3Flogin%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span> "The Historical Era gene flow derived from the Eastern Steppe with the representative of Mongolia_Xiongnu_o1 made a more substantial contribution to Kyrgyz and other Turkic-speaking populations (i.e., Kazakh, Uyghur, Turkmen, and Uzbek; 34.9–55.2%) higher than that to the Tajik populations (11.6–18.6%; fig. 4A), suggesting Tajiks suffer fewer impacts of the recent admixtures (Martínez-Cruz et al. 2011). Consequently, the Tajik populations generally present patterns of genetic continuity of Central Asians since the Bronze Age. Our results are consistent with linguistic and genetic evidence that the spreading of Indo-European speakers into Central Asia was earlier than the expansion of Turkic speakers (Kuz′mina and Mallory 2007; Yunusbayev et al. 2015)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoltz2023103_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoltz2023">Foltz 2023</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moḥammad Reẓa Shafi‘ī-Kadkanī, ‘Borbad’s Khusravanis – First Iranian Songs’, in Iraj Bashiri (tr and ed), From the Hymns of Zarathustra to the Songs of Borbad, Dushanbe, 2003, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eiturkloan-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eiturkloan_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Knüppel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-loanwords">Turkic Loanwords in Persian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170727084228/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-loanwords">Archived</a> 27 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abdullaev_2018_p._257-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abdullaev_2018_p._257_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdullaev2018" class="citation book cs1">Abdullaev, K. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OsllDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA257"><i>Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan</i></a>. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0252-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0252-7"><bdi>978-1-5381-0252-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Tajikistan&rft.series=Historical+Dictionaries+of+Asia%2C+Oceania%2C+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-0252-7&rft.aulast=Abdullaev&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOsllDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&dq=tajikistan+zorastrian&pg=PA21">Lena Jonson, <i>Tajikistan in the New Central Asia: Geopolitics, Great Power Rivalry and Radical Islam</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410122329/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA21&dq=tajikistan+zorastrian">Archived</a> 10 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (International Library of Central Asia Studies), page 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5775.htm">"Background Note: Tajikistan"</a>. State.gov. 24 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513180616/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5775.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Tajikistan&rft.pub=State.gov&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F5775.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaikh_1992-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaikh_1992_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaikh1992" class="citation book cs1">Shaikh, F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Islamic+Groups%3A+A+Worldwide+Reference+Guide&rft.series=Longman+Law+Series&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Longman+Group+UK&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-582-09146-7&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlYUAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Sloame, <i>"Bukharan Jews"</i>, Jewish Virtual Library, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Bukharan_Jews.html">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113035036/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Bukharan_Jews.html">Archived</a> 13 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstoneMiller2015" class="citation journal cs1">Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16338087">"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"</a>. <i>IJRR</i>. <b>11</b> (10): 1–19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313222442/https://www.academia.edu/16338087/Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IJRR&rft.atitle=Believers+in+Christ+from+a+Muslim+Background%3A+A+Global+Census&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Miller%2C+Duane+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16338087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011014305/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/news-186549-109-today-marks-18th-year-of-tajik-independence-and-success.html">"Today marks 18th year of Tajik independence and success"</a>. Todayszaman.com. 9 September 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/news-186549-109-today-marks-18th-year-of-tajik-independence-and-success.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today+marks+18th+year+of+Tajik+independence+and+success&rft.pub=Todayszaman.com&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Ftz-web%2Fnews-186549-109-today-marks-18th-year-of-tajik-independence-and-success.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Bardsley2010" class="citation web cs1">Daniel Bardsley (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20091009%2FFOREIGN%2F710089882%2F1002">"Qatar paying for giant mosque in Tajikistan"</a>. Thenational.ae. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921062022/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20091009%2FFOREIGN%2F710089882%2F1002">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qatar+paying+for+giant+mosque+in+Tajikistan&rft.pub=Thenational.ae&rft.date=2010-05-25&rft.au=Daniel+Bardsley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%252F20091009%252FFOREIGN%252F710089882%252F1002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoIranic_Tajik_Persian-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoIranic_Tajik_Persian_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry" class="citation web cs1">Perry, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-ii-tajiki-persian">"TAJIK ii. TAJIK PERSIAN"</a>. <i>TAJIK II. TAJIK PERSIAN</i>. Encyclopaedia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200201053157/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-ii-tajiki-persian">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TAJIK+II.+TAJIK+PERSIAN&rft.atitle=TAJIK+ii.+TAJIK+PERSIAN&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Ftajik-ii-tajiki-persian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinSnyder2002" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Barnett; Snyder, Jack (1 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hnWFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142"><i>Post-Soviet Political Order</i></a>. Routledge. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-69758-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-69758-8"><bdi>978-1-134-69758-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Soviet+Political+Order&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-134-69758-8&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Barnett&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhnWFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2007" class="citation web cs1">McDermott, Roger (25 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014232737/http://jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2372123">"Tajikistan restates its strategic partnership with Russia, while sending mixed signals"</a>. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2372123">the original</a> on 14 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tajikistan+restates+its+strategic+partnership+with+Russia%2C+while+sending+mixed+signals&rft.pub=The+Jamestown+Foundation&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fedm%2Farticle.php%3Farticle_id%3D2372123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175342/http://www.asiaplus.tj/en/news/198/58219.html">"Some 4,000 Tajiks opt to use the traditional version of their names this year"</a>. Asiaplus.tj. 17 October 1962. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaplus.tj/en/news/198/58219.html">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Some+4%2C000+Tajiks+opt+to+use+the+traditional+version+of+their+names+this+year&rft.pub=Asiaplus.tj&rft.date=1962-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaplus.tj%2Fen%2Fnews%2F198%2F58219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/Tajikistans_Islamic_Party_Wants_Language_Called_Tajiki_Farsi/1818766.html">"Tajik Islamic Party Seeks Tajiki-Farsi Designation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></i>. 9 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625060657/https://www.rferl.org/a/Tajikistans_Islamic_Party_Wants_Language_Called_Tajiki_Farsi/1818766.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Tajik+Islamic+Party+Seeks+Tajiki-Farsi+Designation&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2FTajikistans_Islamic_Party_Wants_Language_Called_Tajiki_Farsi%2F1818766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/Tajikistan_Drops_Russian_As_Official_Language/1846118.html">"Tajikistan Drops Russian As Official Language"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></i>. 7 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055202/http://www.rferl.org/content/Tajikistan_Drops_Russian_As_Official_Language/1846118.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Tajikistan+Drops+Russian+As+Official+Language&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2FTajikistan_Drops_Russian_As_Official_Language%2F1846118.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoltz2023" class="citation book cs1">Foltz, R. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1ca6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT103"><i>A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4967-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4967-9"><bdi>978-0-7556-4967-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Tajiks%3A+Iranians+of+the+East&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-4967-9&rft.aulast=Foltz&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1ca6EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhafurov1991" class="citation book cs1">Ghafurov, Bobojon (1991). <i>Tajiks: Pre-ancient, ancient and medieval history</i>. Dushanbe: Irfon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tajiks%3A+Pre-ancient%2C+ancient+and+medieval+history&rft.place=Dushanbe&rft.pub=Irfon&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Ghafurov&rft.aufirst=Bobojon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupree1980" class="citation book cs1">Dupree, Louis (1980). <i>Afghanistan</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Dupree&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJawad1992" class="citation book cs1">Jawad, Nassim (1992). <i>Afghanistan: A Nation of Minorities</i>. London: Minority Rights Group International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946690-76-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-946690-76-6"><bdi>0-946690-76-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+A+Nation+of+Minorities&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Minority+Rights+Group+International&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-946690-76-6&rft.aulast=Jawad&rft.aufirst=Nassim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202019854292764.pdf">"The Sogdian Descendants in Mongol and post-Mongol Central Asia: The Tajiks and Sarts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Joo Yup Lee</i>. ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2020: 187–198doi: 10.22679/avs.2020.5.1.007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202019854292764.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joo+Yup+Lee&rft.atitle=The+Sogdian+Descendants+in+Mongol+and+post-Mongol+Central+Asia%3A+The+Tajiks+and+Sarts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreascience.or.kr%2Farticle%2FJAKO202019854292764.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajiks" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tajiks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tajiks">Tajiks</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tajik-people">Tajiks</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-i-the-ethnonym-origins-and-application">Tajik – The Ethnonym: Origins and Application</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_peoples" title="Template:Iranian peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_peoples" title="Template talk:Iranian peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_people" title="Achomi people">Achomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Balochs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baloch_tribes" title="List of Baloch tribes">Baloch tribes</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_people" title="Bashkardi people">Bashkardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwar" title="Dehwar">Dehwaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsiwan" title="Farsiwan">Farsiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaks" title="Gilaks">Gilaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_people" title="Kumzari people">Kumzaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_tribes" title="Kurdish tribes">Kurdish tribes</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtiaris</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Shehni" title="Shehni">Shehnis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Feyli_Lurs" title="Feyli Lurs">Feyli Lurs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hadavand_tribe" title="Hadavand tribe">Hadavand</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hasanvand" title="Hasanvand">Hasanvand</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Southern_Lurs" title="Southern Lurs">Southern Lurs</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Mamasani_(tribe)" title="Mamasani (tribe)">Mamasanis</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_people" title="Mazanderani people">Mazanderanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Digor_people" title="Digor people">Digors</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Iron_people" title="Iron people">Irons</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kudar" title="Kudar">Kudars</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Jasz_people" title="Jasz people">Jaszs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tajiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Tajiks">Chinese Tajiks</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Shughni_people" title="Shughni people">Shughnis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Badzhui_people" title="Badzhui people">Badzhuis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Oroshoris" title="Oroshoris">Oroshoris</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Yidgha-Munji_people" title="Yidgha-Munji people">Yidgha–Munji</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribes" title="Pashtun tribes">Pashtun tribes</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Arab-Persians" title="Arab-Persians">Arab-Persians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Basseri" title="Basseri">Basseries</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Sistani_Persians" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistani Persians">Sistanis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_people" title="Semnani people">Semnanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaks" title="Shabaks">Shabaks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talyshs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)">Tats of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobis" title="Yaghnobis">Yaghnobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazas" title="Zazas">Zazas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajam_of_Bahrain" title="Ajam of Bahrain">Ajam of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ajam_of_Kuwait" title="'Ajam of Kuwait">'Ajam of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iranians in the United Arab Emirates">Iranians in the United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Qatar" title="Iranians in Qatar">Iranians in Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Persian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihuh" title="Shihuh">Shihuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Iranian_peoples" title="List of ancient Iranian peoples">Ancient Iranian peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_paganism" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism">Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Ancient Iranian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Arabs" title="Afghan Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_people" title="Brahui people">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalak_people" title="Dalak people">Dalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_groups_of_Afghanistan" title="Peripatetic groups of Afghanistan">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_people" title="Pashayi people">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign nationals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Afghanistan" title="Russians in Afghanistan">Russians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Badzhui_people" title="Badzhui people">Badzhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Tajikistan">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhs in Tajikistan">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Tajikistan" title="Poles in Tajikistan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuli" title="Lyuli">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Tajikistan" title="Russians in Tajikistan">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Uzbekistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Uzbekistan" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Uzbekistan" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Uzbekistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div 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<li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs#Uzbekistan" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Uzbekistan">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Uzbekistan" title="Poles in Uzbekistan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuli" title="Lyuli">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Uzbekistan" title="Romanians in Uzbekistan">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Uzbekistan" title="Russians in Uzbekistan">Russians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Uzbekistan">Tajiks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_people" title="Chagatai people">Chagatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharduri_people" title="Kharduri people">Kharduri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatars in Uzbekistan">Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Uzbekistan" title="Turks in Uzbekistan">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483505#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483505#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483505#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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[\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 35,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Tajik People\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Afghanistan\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Tajikistan\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 9,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"IPA-fo\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 6,\n [\"In lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox ethnic group\"] = 1,\n [\"Iranian peoples\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 11,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 3,\n [\"Spaces\"] = 1,\n [\"Tajiks\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 12,\n [\"Zh\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-vqkvc","timestamp":"20241124161054","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tajiks","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tajiks","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q483505","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q483505","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:43:11Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T09:45:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/64\/Happy_Tajik_children.jpg","headline":"Iranian ethnic group native to Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and 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