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NASA insignia - Wikipedia

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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_logo&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA logo">NASA logo</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Logo designs used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">NASA insignia</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Original 1959 NASA seal, rendered in black and white" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg/200px-US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg/300px-US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg/400px-US-NASA-Seal-EO10849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1416" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1959 NASA seal, black and white</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blue sphere with stars, a yellow planet with a white moon; a red chevron representing wings, and an orbiting spacecraft; surrounded by a white border with &quot;NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION U.S.A.&quot; in red letters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NASA_seal.svg/200px-NASA_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NASA_seal.svg/300px-NASA_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NASA_seal.svg/400px-NASA_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="272" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1961 NASA seal, color</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blue sphere with stars, white letters N-A-S-A in Helvetica font; a red chevron representing wings, and an orbiting spacecraft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/200px-NASA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/300px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/400px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">NASA "meatball" insignia, primary logo 1959–1975, 1992–present</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Worm_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A red line forming stylized letters N-A-S-A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NASA_Worm_logo.svg/200px-NASA_Worm_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NASA_Worm_logo.svg/300px-NASA_Worm_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NASA_Worm_logo.svg/400px-NASA_Worm_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">NASA "worm" logotype 1975–1992, re-instated as a secondary logo in 2020</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) insignia</b> has three main official designs, although the one with stylized red curved text (the "worm") was retired from official use from May 22, 1992, until April 3, 2020, when it was reinstated as a secondary logo. The three logos include the NASA insignia (also known as the "meatball"<sup id="cite_ref-nasameatball_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasameatball-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> logotype (also known as the "worm"), and the NASA <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NASA seal was approved with an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> in 1959, and slightly modified with an executive order by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-order_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-order-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NASA logo dates from 1959, when the <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (NACA) transformed into an agency that advanced both <a href="/wiki/Astronautics" title="Astronautics">astronautics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a>—the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_seal">NASA seal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: NASA seal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the NASA insignia design, the sphere represents a planet, the stars represent space, the red chevron is a wing representing aeronautics (the latest design in <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> wings at the time the logo was developed), and then the orbiting spacecraft going around the wing. </p><p>It is known officially as the "NASA Administrator's Seal" and is typically only used for official correspondence, events and activities connected with the <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_NASA" title="Administrator of NASA">Administrator of NASA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_&quot;meatball&quot;_insignia"><span id="NASA_.22meatball.22_insignia"></span>NASA "meatball" insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: NASA &quot;meatball&quot; insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original NASA "meatball" logo was created in 1958 by George Neago, a staff industrial artist who worked at the Lockheed Missiles Division in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>. James Modarelli was the manager of the Lockheed Missiles Division's Reports Department in 1958 and Neago's supervisor. Modarelli later joined NASA to become the manager of the Reports Division at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Research Center">Lewis Research Center</a>, where he later retired. </p><p>The "meatball" logo was selected by U.S. federal government staff as the winning entry submitted by Lockheed Corporation, Neago, and Modarelli in a private industrial graphics logo competition sponsored by the federal government in 1958, before NASA became an official federal government agency. </p><p>In 1963, NASA and Lockheed senior managers decided the "meatball" logo needed to be updated to show renewed and increased government/public interest in NASA's space program. Modarelli simplified the seal, leaving only the white stars and orbital path on a round field of blue with a red vector without Neago's knowledge. This bright red color diagonal stripe was added to the "meatball" logo to help represent NASA to the public from 1963 to 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-nasameatball_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasameatball-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_&quot;worm&quot;_logotype"><span id="NASA_.22worm.22_logotype"></span>NASA "worm" logotype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: NASA &quot;worm&quot; logotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, as part of the Federal Graphics Improvement Program of the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a>, NASA hired Richard Danne and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Blackburn" title="Bruce Blackburn">Bruce Blackburn</a> to design a more modern logo.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt110803_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt110803-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1975, the agency switched to the modernist NASA logotype, nicknamed "the worm", a red, stylized rendering of the letters N-A-S-A.<sup id="cite_ref-insignia_history_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insignia_history-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The horizontal bars on the "A"s are removed in the worm logo, with the negative space within each of them suggesting the tip of a rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Danne and Blackburn published a Graphics Standards Manual that would become well respected among graphic designers. A 2015 <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> project raised nearly $1 million to reissue a hardcover version of the manual.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> NASA also released a scanned version of the manual. </p><p>The NASA logotype was retired from official use on May 22, 1992<sup id="cite_ref-nyt110803_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt110803-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by NASA Administrator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Goldin" title="Daniel Goldin">Daniel Goldin</a>. The design was used only for commercial merchandising purposes approved by NASA until 2020, when it was brought out of retirement by Administrator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridenstine" title="Jim Bridenstine">Jim Bridenstine</a>, and unveiled on the booster for SpaceX's <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2" title="Crew Dragon Demo-2">Crew-Demo 2</a> Mission.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200408_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200408-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> NASA now allows the logotype to be used for used as a supplemental graphic to the NASA Insignia (Meatball) when appropriate and approved by leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_(NHQ202005210001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_%28NHQ202005210001%29.jpg/220px-SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_%28NHQ202005210001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_%28NHQ202005210001%29.jpg/330px-SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_%28NHQ202005210001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_%28NHQ202005210001%29.jpg/440px-SpaceX_Demo-2_Rollout_%28NHQ202005210001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6283" data-file-height="3844" /></a><figcaption>The 2020 rollout of <a href="/wiki/Crew_Demo-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Crew Demo-2">Crew Demo-2</a> marking the revival of "the worm" typeface.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_regulation">Usage regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Usage regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg/200px-STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg/300px-STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg/400px-STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>NASA insignia visible on <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></a>, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The official NASA seal is reserved for use in connection with the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Administrator">NASA Administrator</a>. It is used in more formal traditional and ceremonial events such as award presentations and press conferences. According to NASA Headquarters, the seal should never be used with the NASA insignia, since the two elements are intended for different purposes and are visually incompatible when seen side by side. </p><p>Since its reintroduction in 2020, the "worm" logotype has been used only for human spaceflight-related activities,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> featuring prominently on the SpaceX Crew-1 mission to the International Space Station and on the Solid Rocket Boosters of the SLS rocket used for the Artemis I mission. </p><p>The insignia, the "worm" logo and the NASA seal are not in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their usage is restricted under <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> <a href="/wiki/14_CFR" class="mw-redirect" title="14 CFR">14 CFR</a> 1221.<sup id="cite_ref-14cfr1221_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14cfr1221-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These NASA emblems should be reproduced only from original reproduction proofs, transparencies, or computer files available from NASA Headquarters. </p><p>The colors used in the logo are the following:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p>Red: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone_Matching_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantone Matching System">Pantone</a> 185</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">Process</a> 0C, 100M, 100Y, 0K</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> 252R, 61G, 33B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_triplet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hex triplet">HEX</a> #FC3D21</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>Blue: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone_Matching_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantone Matching System">Pantone</a> 286</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">Process</a> 100C, 060M, 0Y, 0K</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> 11R, 61G, 145B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_triplet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hex triplet">HEX</a> #0B3D91</li></ul> <p>&#32; </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NASA logos have been popular and used in popular culture, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a> as an inspiration for its symbols,<sup id="cite_ref-Cooley_2023_l186_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooley_2023_l186-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burrows_2020_u339_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burrows_2020_u339-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FACT_TREK_2021_c936_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACT_TREK_2021_c936-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and particular in US-American culture it has been representing the capability and identity of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Wattles_Business_2022_h810_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wattles_Business_2022_h810-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Especially since 2017, NASA insignia have become popular fashion elements, after the fashion company <a href="/wiki/Coach_New_York" title="Coach New York">Coach</a> received permission for using the then-retired "worm" logo on a line of purses and clothing. After that, additional companies have used the "worm" logo in their designs, and NASA has reintroduced its official use.<sup id="cite_ref-Wattles_Business_2022_h810_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wattles_Business_2022_h810-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Force_Delta" title="Space Force Delta">Space Force Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Seal of the United States Space Force">Seal of the United States Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Flag of the United States Space Force">Flag of the United States Space Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_insignia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nasameatball-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasameatball_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasameatball_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarber" class="citation web cs1">Garber, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/meatball.htm">"NASA "Meatball" Logo"</a>. <i>NASA History Program Office</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010815/https://history.nasa.gov/meatball.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NASA+History+Program+Office&amp;rft.atitle=NASA+%22Meatball%22+Logo&amp;rft.aulast=Garber&amp;rft.aufirst=Steve&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fmeatball.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Lupton1996" class="citation book cs1">Ellen Lupton (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fQpraD6b0XoC&amp;q=%22NASA+logo%22+worm&amp;pg=PA107"><i>Mixing Messages: Graphic Design in Contemporary American Culture</i></a>. Princeton Architectural. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/156898099X" title="Special:BookSources/156898099X"><bdi>156898099X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mixing+Messages%3A+Graphic+Design+in+Contemporary+American+Culture&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=156898099X&amp;rft.au=Ellen+Lupton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfQpraD6b0XoC%26q%3D%2522NASA%2Blogo%2522%2Bworm%26pg%3DPA107&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RO&amp;p_theme=ro&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EAEA2A90DC5DC96&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM">NASA takes 'meatball' over 'worm'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004035911/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RO&amp;p_theme=ro&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EAEA2A90DC5DC96&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM">Archived</a> 2018-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Roanoke_Times" title="The Roanoke Times">The Roanoke Times</a>, (May 24, 1992).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3418147.stm">"Rover's stunning image of lander"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2004-01-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031084842/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3418147.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Rover%27s+stunning+image+of+lander&amp;rft.date=2004-01-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F3418147.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-order-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-order_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_10849" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 10849">Executive Order 10849 (Wikisource)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_10942" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 10942">Executive Order 10942 (Wikisource)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/brand-guidelines/">"NASA Brand Guidelines"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NASA+Brand+Guidelines&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fnasa-brand-center%2Fbrand-guidelines%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt110803-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt110803_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt110803_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbaum2011" class="citation news cs1">Greenbaum, Hilary (August 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/03/who-made-those-nasa-logos/">"Who Made Those NASA Logos?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916042431/http://6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/03/who-made-those-nasa-logos/">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Who+Made+Those+NASA+Logos%3F&amp;rft.date=2011-08-03&amp;rft.aulast=Greenbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Hilary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F03%2Fwho-made-those-nasa-logos%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insignia_history-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-insignia_history_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404130048/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/insignia/text/insignia.html">"History of the Insignia"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/insignia/text/insignia.html">the original</a> on 2005-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Insignia&amp;rft.pub=NASA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fpao%2Finsignia%2Ftext%2Finsignia.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logodesignlove.com/nasa-logo">"NASA logo evolution: meatball vs worm"</a>. <i>Logo Design Love</i>. 2011-08-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128021811/https://www.logodesignlove.com/nasa-logo">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Logo+Design+Love&amp;rft.atitle=NASA+logo+evolution%3A+meatball+vs+worm&amp;rft.date=2011-08-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logodesignlove.com%2Fnasa-logo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://logo.com/blog/logos-with-words">"Logos With Words: The Delicate Relationship Of Fonts As A Logo | LOGO.com"</a>. <i>logo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128021811/https://logo.com/blog/logos-with-words">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=logo.com&amp;rft.atitle=Logos+With+Words%3A+The+Delicate+Relationship+Of+Fonts+As+A+Logo+%7C+LOGO.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flogo.com%2Fblog%2Flogos-with-words&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer2016" class="citation web cs1">Brewer, Jenny (12 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itsnicethat.com/news/nasa-graphics-standards-manual-reissue-general-release-130416">"Nasa Graphics Standards Manual Reissue now on general release"</a>. <i>itsnicethat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=itsnicethat&amp;rft.atitle=Nasa+Graphics+Standards+Manual+Reissue+now+on+general+release&amp;rft.date=2016-04-12&amp;rft.aulast=Brewer&amp;rft.aufirst=Jenny&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itsnicethat.com%2Fnews%2Fnasa-graphics-standards-manual-reissue-general-release-130416&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanneBlackburnBonanosReed2015" class="citation book cs1">Danne, Richard; Blackburn, Bruce; Bonanos, Christopher; Reed, Jesse; Smyth, Hamish; USA, eds. (2015). <i>National Aeronautics and Space Administration graphics standards manual: NASA</i>. New York: Standards Manual. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-692-58653-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-692-58653-2"><bdi>978-0-692-58653-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration+graphics+standards+manual%3A+NASA&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Standards+Manual&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-692-58653-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbar" class="citation web cs1">Dunbar, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-worm-is-back">"The Worm is Back!"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402173614/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-worm-is-back">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NASA&amp;rft.atitle=The+Worm+is+Back%21&amp;rft.aulast=Dunbar&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fthe-worm-is-back&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20200408-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20200408_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2020" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (8 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/science/nasa-logo-worm-spacex.html">"NASA's 'Worm' Logo Will Return to Space – The new old logo, dropped in the 1990s in favor of a more vintage brand, will adorn a SpaceX rocket that is to carry astronauts to the space station in May"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027203512/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/science/nasa-logo-worm-spacex.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=NASA%27s+%27Worm%27+Logo+Will+Return+to+Space+%E2%80%93+The+new+old+logo%2C+dropped+in+the+1990s+in+favor+of+a+more+vintage+brand%2C+will+adorn+a+SpaceX+rocket+that+is+to+carry+astronauts+to+the+space+station+in+May.&amp;rft.date=2020-04-08&amp;rft.aulast=Chang&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F08%2Fscience%2Fnasa-logo-worm-spacex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/">"Media Usage Guidelines"</a>. <i>National Aeronautic and Space Administration</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924063240/https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Aeronautic+and+Space+Administration&amp;rft.atitle=Media+Usage+Guidelines&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fnasa-brand-center%2Fimages-and-media%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14cfr1221-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14cfr1221_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/14cfr1221_07.html">"Code of Federal Regulations 14 CFR 1221"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206181607/http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/14cfr1221_07.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Code+of+Federal+Regulations+14+CFR+1221&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.access.gpo.gov%2Fnara%2Fcfr%2Fwaisidx_07%2F14cfr1221_07.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cs.jmu.edu/bernstdh/web/common/policies/NASA_StyleGuide_Nov06.pdf">"NASAstyle FULL GUIDE – NASA StyleGuide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NASAstyle+FULL+GUIDE+%E2%80%93+NASA+StyleGuide&amp;rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration+%28NASA%29&amp;rft.date=2006-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cs.jmu.edu%2Fbernstdh%2Fweb%2Fcommon%2Fpolicies%2FNASA_StyleGuide_Nov06.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooley_2023_l186-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cooley_2023_l186_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooley2023" class="citation web cs1">Cooley, John (2023-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.startrek.com/news/starfleet-insignia-explained">"The Starfleet Insignia Explained"</a>. <i>Star Trek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Star+Trek&amp;rft.atitle=The+Starfleet+Insignia+Explained&amp;rft.date=2023-07-24&amp;rft.aulast=Cooley&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.startrek.com%2Fnews%2Fstarfleet-insignia-explained&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burrows_2020_u339-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burrows_2020_u339_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrows2020" class="citation web cs1">Burrows, Jillian Ada (2020-05-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/jill-burrows/star-trek-or-us-space-force-251a7494ad5f">"Star Trek or US Space Force?. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Medium&amp;rft.atitle=Star+Trek+or+US+Space+Force%3F.+Let+us+settle+this+debate+once+and+for%E2%80%A6+%E2%80%94+Jill+Burrows&amp;rft.date=2020-05-20&amp;rft.aulast=Burrows&amp;rft.aufirst=Jillian+Ada&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fjill-burrows%2Fstar-trek-or-us-space-force-251a7494ad5f&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+insignia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FACT_TREK_2021_c936-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FACT_TREK_2021_c936_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facttrek.com/blog/emblematic">"Emblem-atic"</a>. <i>FACT TREK</i>. 2021-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President&#39;s Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a>&#160;(with the&#160;<a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a>&#160;(with&#160;<a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor &#39;98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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