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Goddard Issue of 1964</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robert_H._Goddard_Issue_of_1964-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accomplishments_in_Space_Commemorative_Issue_of_1967" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accomplishments_in_Space_Commemorative_Issue_of_1967"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Accomplishments in Space Commemorative Issue of 1967</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accomplishments_in_Space_Commemorative_Issue_of_1967-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo_8_Issue_of_1969" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_8_Issue_of_1969"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Apollo 8 Issue of 1969</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo_8_Issue_of_1969-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skylab_Issue_of_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Skylab Issue of 1974</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skylab_Issue_of_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pioneer_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pioneer_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pioneer Commemorative Issue of 1975</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pioneer_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mariner_10_Issue_of_1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mariner_10_Issue_of_1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span><i>Mariner 10</i> Issue of 1975</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mariner_10_Issue_of_1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo–Soyuz_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo–Soyuz_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Apollo–Soyuz Commemorative Issue of 1975</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo–Soyuz_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viking_missions_to_Mars,_Issue_of_1978" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viking_missions_to_Mars,_Issue_of_1978"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Viking missions to Mars, Issue of 1978</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viking_missions_to_Mars,_Issue_of_1978-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Achievement_Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Achievement_Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Space Achievement Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Achievement_Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Shuttle_Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Shuttle_Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Space Shuttle Issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Shuttle_Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mars_Pathfinder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mars_Pathfinder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Mars Pathfinder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mars_Pathfinder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg/386px-US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg" decoding="async" width="386" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg/579px-US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg/772px-US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> Accomplishments in Space</div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Accomplishments_in_Space_Commemorative_Issue_of_1967">Commemorative Issue</a> of 1967 </div></figcaption></figure> <p>With the advent of <a href="/wiki/Robotic_spaceflight" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spaceflight">robotic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a> a new era of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">American history</a> had presented itself. Keeping with the tradition of honoring the country's history on U.S. postage stamps, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Post Office">U.S. Post Office</a> began commemorating the various events with its commemorative postage stamp issues. The first U.S. Postage issue to depict a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Space_vehicle" title="Space vehicle">space vehicle</a> was issued in 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a> issue. The first issue to commemorate a space project by name was the <a href="/wiki/Project_Echo" title="Project Echo">ECHO I</a> <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellite</a> commemorative issue of 1960. Next was the <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a> issue of 1962. As U.S. <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a> progressed a variety of other commemorative issues followed, many of which bear accurate depictions of satellites, <a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">space capsules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Modules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space suits</a>, and other items of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration" title="Timeline of space exploration">history of space exploration</a> is a nationally popular topic, as evidenced by record numbers of First-Day covers for postage stamps with space themes. The Project Mercury issue of 1962 had more than three million <a href="/wiki/First_day_of_issue" title="First day of issue">'First Day of Issue'</a> cancellations, while the average number of First-Day cancels for other <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative</a> issues at that time was around half a million. In 1969, the Apollo VIII issue received 900,000 First-Day cancels while others received less than half this amount.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the advent of U.S. space exploration grew, so did the topic of space exploration on stamps. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fort_Bliss_100th_Anniversary_Issue_of_1948">Fort Bliss 100th Anniversary Issue of 1948</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fort Bliss 100th Anniversary Issue of 1948"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg/170px-Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg/255px-Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg/340px-Fort_Bliss_1948_Issue-3c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a> Issue of 1948 </div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a> has a long and diverse history and functioned in many capacities over the years. By February 1946, over 100 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Operation Paperclip</a> scientists had arrived from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> to develop rockets and were attached to the Office of the Chief of Ordnance Corps, Research and Development Service, Suboffice (Rocket), headed by Major James P. Hamill.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This stamp was issued on the 100th anniversary of Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, in its honor. Third Assistant Postmaster General Joseph L. Lawler dedicated the stamp in El Paso on November 5, 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue depicts what appears to be a rocket designed after the <a href="/wiki/V-2" class="mw-redirect" title="V-2">V-2</a> in the center, which technically makes it a "space stamp" in the Topographical world of philately. </p><p>Based on findings made by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_Exploration_History_on_U.S._Stamps#Robert_H._Goddard_Issue_of_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Space Exploration History on U.S. Stamps">Dr. Robert Goddard</a> following World War I, the Germans hit a peak production of V-2's during 1944 and 1945 at Peenemunde.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they arrived in the United States, at Fort Bliss, they brought with them the knowledge of the V-2, and as such, the U.S. made arrangements with these scientists and employed their knowledge in developing rockets at Fort Bliss in Post War United States.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was this effort that led the way to the successful production of the great rockets that carried satellites and <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> into space. </p><p>The stamp's designer, <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Chickering" title="Charles R. Chickering">Charles R. Chickering</a>, intended the issue to salute the old as well as the new Fort Bliss and portray some of the highlights of the Fort's hundred-year history. Chickering, of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>, designed the stamp. C.A. Brooks engraved the vignette, and A.W. Christensen engraved the border, the lettering, and the numerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quantity issued was 64,561,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_ECHO_I,_Issue_of_1960"><span id="Project_ECHO_I.2C_Issue_of_1960"></span>Project ECHO I, Issue of 1960</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Project ECHO I, Issue of 1960"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg/220px-Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg/330px-Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg/440px-Echo_I_1960_Issue-4c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Project_Echo" title="Project Echo">ECHO I</a>, Issue of 1960 </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Delta_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta rocket">Delta rocket</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/Echo_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo 1">Echo 1</a> on May 13, 1960, Echo 1A (commonly referred to as just Echo 1) was successfully put into a 944 to 1,048 mi orbit on August 12, 1960, by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. The 100 ft. diameter balloon was made of ultra thin (0.0050 in) metalized Mylar polyester film and was successfully used to reflect transcontinental and intercontinental telephone, radio, and television signals. The satellite also aided in the calculation of atmospheric density and solar pressure due to its large area-to-mass ratio. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Echo-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Echo-1.jpg/170px-Echo-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Echo-1.jpg/255px-Echo-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Echo-1.jpg/340px-Echo-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Echo 1 sits fully inflated at a Navy hangar in Weeksville, North Carolina</figcaption></figure> <p>Because its shiny surface the large balloon-like satellite was also reflective of visible light rays, Echo 1A was visible to the naked eye over most of the Earth. Echo 1 was a passive communications satellite: it functioned as a reflector, not a transmitter. After it was placed in a low Earth orbit (LEO), a signal would be transmitted from Earth to the Echo satellite and then reflected or bounced off its surface, and then returned to Earth. It was the pioneer of communications satellites. Because it was brighter than most stars, it was seen by more people than any other man-made object in space at that time. Upon reentry into Earth's atmosphere ECHO 1A burned up on May 24, 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was the first 'Space Stamp' with an actual subject of a real space vessel, unlike the generic or symbolic rocket depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a> issue of 1948. The U.S. Post Office issued this 4-cent Echo I "Communications for Peace" commemorative stamp through the Washington, D.C., post office on December 15, 1960. The stamp was produced and issued to honor the world's first communications satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Ervine_Metzl" title="Ervine Metzl">Ervine Metzl</a>, the stamp was printed by the rotary process, electric-eye perforated, and issued in panes of fifty stamps each. Quantities issued totaled more than 120 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_Mercury_Issue_of_1962">Project Mercury Issue of 1962</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Project Mercury Issue of 1962"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg/220px-Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg/330px-Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg/440px-Project_Mercury_1962_Issue-4c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a> Issue of 1962</div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a> was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth. The Mercury-Atlas 6 flight on February 20, 1962, was the first <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury</a> flight to achieve this goal.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Glenn_Mercury_(small).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/John_Glenn_Mercury_%28small%29.jpg/160px-John_Glenn_Mercury_%28small%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/John_Glenn_Mercury_%28small%29.jpg/240px-John_Glenn_Mercury_%28small%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/John_Glenn_Mercury_%28small%29.jpg/320px-John_Glenn_Mercury_%28small%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The Post Office Department honored this first orbital flight of a United States astronaut on February 20, 1962, when it released the Project Mercury commemorative stamp, placed on sale throughout the country at the exact hour Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>'s historic flight officially had returned to Earth safely.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 4-cent stamp features an image of the Mercury <i><a href="/wiki/Friendship_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendship 7">Friendship 7</a></i> capsule circling the Earth, against a field of stars. The spacecraft is now housed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>, Washington, DC. Because the event was deemed so popular the number of quantities issued totaled more than 289 million, more than twice the average amount of quantities issued for commemorative postage issues of that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> This issue has somewhat of an unusual history. It was one of the first issues printed on the new Giori Press (named after its inventor, <a href="/wiki/Gualtiero_Giori" title="Gualtiero Giori">Gualtiero Giori</a>). It employed a series of specially cut rubber rollers that applied two or three different colored inks on the same printing plate. As the new press was being used to print the Project Mercury stamp before the mission took place and in case the mission failed or was canceled, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> kept word about the new press and the stamp issue's production a secret. To further assure that the project be kept secret the designer of this issue, <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Chickering" title="Charles R. Chickering">Charles R. Chickering</a>, worked from his home and simply claimed that he was away on vacation. The stamps, waiting at post offices around the U.S., were sealed and marked "Top Secret". Only after Glenn's trip were the postmasters allowed to open the package and see what was inside.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Robert_H._Goddard_Issue_of_1964">Robert H. Goddard Issue of 1964</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Robert H. Goddard Issue of 1964"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg/220px-Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg/330px-Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg/440px-Robert_H_Goddard_1963_Issue-8c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> Robert Goddard Issue of 1964 </div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hutchings_Goddard" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Hutchings Goddard">Robert Hutchings Goddard</a> (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) is widely recognized as the "father of rocketry," as he pioneered the <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">modern propulsion rocket</a> based on his knowledge of math, engineering and physics. His accomplishments included creating the first rocket propelled using liquid fuel and developing the first rocket to use internal vanes for guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He launched his first rocket in March 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goddard continued to achieve many firsts in the field of rocketry with funding from institutions such as the Smithsonian. In 1919, the Smithsonian Institution published Robert Goddard's groundbreaking work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than from sources like the Smithsonian, Goddard received little public support for his research during his lifetime. He was the first to recognize the scientific potential of liquid fuel rockets in space travel and was instrumental in bringing about the design and construction of those rockets needed to implement those ideas. </p><p>Though his work in the field was revolutionary, he was sometimes ridiculed by the public and in the press for his theories concerning spaceflight and therefore became protective of his privacy and his research work. Years after his death, as crewed spaceflight finally became a reality, Goddard at long last came to be recognized as the man who pioneered modern rocketry and ultimately <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On October 5, 1964, the U.S. Post Office issued a postage stamp commemorating Robert Goddard. The stamp depicts an image of Goddard next to a rocket launching from the Kennedy Space Center. The Post Office released the stamp issues at a ceremony held in New Mexico. Goddard's wife, Esther Goddard, attended the ceremony. She was given the honor of pressing the button launching two rockets, one of which flew some mile and a half into the air. The two rockets each carried 1,000 <a href="/wiki/First_day_of_issue" title="First day of issue">first day covers</a>, and after parachuting to the ground were recovered with the first day covers later sold to collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by Robert J. Jones and printed on the Giori press, the quantities for this issue totaled more than 62 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accomplishments_in_Space_Commemorative_Issue_of_1967">Accomplishments in Space Commemorative Issue of 1967</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Accomplishments in Space Commemorative Issue of 1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg/300px-US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg/450px-US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg/600px-US_Space_Walk_1967_Issue-5c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;">Accomplishments in Space<br />Commemorative Issue of 1967</div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gemini_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini IV">Gemini IV</a> was a June 1965 crewed space flight in <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini program</a>. It was the second crewed Gemini flight, the tenth crewed American flight and the 18th spaceflight of all time (includes <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> flights over 100 kilometres (62 mi)). It was crewed by <a href="/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt">James McDivitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a>. </p><p>The highlight of the mission was the first <a href="/wiki/Space_walk" class="mw-redirect" title="Space walk">space walk</a> by an American, during which White remained tethered outside the spacecraft for 22 minutes. Tied to a tether, White fired his oxygen-powered "zip gun" and floated out of the capsule. He traveled fifteen feet (five meters) out, and began to experiment with maneuvering. He found it easy, especially the pitch and yaw, although he thought the roll would use too much fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg/180px-Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg/270px-Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg/360px-Ed_White_First_American_Spacewalker_-_GPN-2000-001180.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a>, first American astronaut to perform a spacewalk.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two 5-cent <a href="/wiki/Se-tenant_(philately)" class="mw-redirect" title="Se-tenant (philately)">se-tenant</a> stamps comprise one illustration of an astronaut during a spacewalk, honoring the space accomplishments of the United States. These issues were first placed on sale on September 29, 1967, at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The offset press and intaglio press were combined to produce this issue in sheets bearing one horizontal plate number. Offset printed the red stripes in the flags on the astronaut's spacesuit and capsule and light blue sky areas, as well as the inscription on the astronaut stamp. The Giori press printed dark blue sky areas, the aqua earth, and black tones on the capsule and astronaut. The inscription on the spaceship stamp was white. </p><p>This issue was designed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Calle" title="Paul Calle">Paul Calle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford, Connecticut</a>, who based his design from photos taken on the Gemini IV mission.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue was printed by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>. It was issued in panes of fifty, with an initial printing of 120 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apollo_8_Issue_of_1969">Apollo 8 Issue of 1969</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Apollo 8 Issue of 1969"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/170px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/255px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/340px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i>, taken by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a> astronaut <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> on 24 December 1968</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg/170px-Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg/255px-Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg/340px-Apollo_VIII_1969_Issue-6c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption><i>Earthrise</i> used on the Apollo 8 1969 Issue</figcaption></figure> <p>Up until the time of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a> mission, all crewed ventures into space were confined to brief flights into space or to orbiting the Earth. Apollo 8 was the first human spaceflight mission to leave Earth orbit; the first to be captured by and escape from the gravitational field of another celestial body; and the first crew to voyage and then return to planet Earth from another celestial body – Earth's Moon. The three-man crew of mission Commander <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a>, Command Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">James Lovell</a>, and Lunar Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> became the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes, as well as the first humans to see planet Earth from beyond low Earth orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_-_Apollo_VIII_Mission_Objective_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_-_Apollo_VIII_Mission_Objective-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission was accomplished with the first crewed launch of a <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn V rocket">Saturn V rocket</a>. Apollo 8 was the second crewed mission of the Apollo Program. While orbiting the Moon each man on board read a section from the Biblical creation story (verses 1–10) from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, and it is this unprecedented historical event that is theme of the Apollo VIII issue's design, the issue being inscribed with the words, <i>In the beginning God...</i> superimposed on the photograph <i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i>, taken by Anders. Borman finished the broadcast by wishing a Merry Christmas to everyone on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_-_Apollo_VIII_Mission_Objective_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_-_Apollo_VIII_Mission_Objective-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This issue was first released in Houston Texas on May 5, 1969. Basing his design on the Anders' <i>Earthrise</i> photograph, and from the words they read from Genesis, Leonard E. Buckley designed the Apollo 8 commemorative issue of 1969. The issue was printed on the multi-color Giori Press.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quantities issued totaled more than 187 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Man_on_the_Moon_Commemorative_Issue_of_1969">First Man on the Moon Commemorative Issue of 1969</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First Man on the Moon Commemorative Issue of 1969"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_(69-HC-1119).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_%2869-HC-1119%29.jpg/220px-Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_%2869-HC-1119%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_%2869-HC-1119%29.jpg/330px-Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_%2869-HC-1119%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_%2869-HC-1119%29.jpg/440px-Apollo_11_crew_unveiling_stamp_%2869-HC-1119%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1581" /></a><figcaption>Apollo 11 astronauts unveiling First Man on the Moon stamp with U.S. Postmaster General Winton M. Blount</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> mission landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched on July 16, 1969, the third lunar mission of NASA's Apollo Program was crewed by Commander Neil A. Armstrong, Command Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a>, and Lunar Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr</a>. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin flew the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Module_Eagle" title="Lunar Module Eagle">Lunar Module <i>Eagle</i></a> to the surface and became the first humans to walk on the Moon, while Collins orbited in the <a href="/wiki/Command_Module_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Command Module Columbia">Command Module <i>Columbia</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Apollo 11 mission reached President John F. Kennedy's goal of putting a man on the Moon's surface, and returning him safely to Earth, by the end of the 1960s. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Man on the Moon Commemorative Issue of 1969"><img alt="First Man on the Moon Commemorative Issue of 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg/257px-First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg/386px-First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg/514px-First_Man_on_Moon_1969_Issue-10c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1049" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Man on the Moon Commemorative Issue of 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neil Armstrong"><img alt="Neil Armstrong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg/128px-Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg/192px-Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg/256px-Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="4125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neil Armstrong</div> </li> </ul> <p>On September 9, 1969, the U.S. Post office issued its first <a href="/wiki/Airmail_stamp" title="Airmail stamp">airmail stamp</a> to depict a space exploration theme, the First Man on the Moon issue. The man depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space suit</a> is Neil Armstrong taking man's first step on the Moon. This issue was designed by Paul Calle. The stamp's original master die was actually flown to the Moon, and a letter with the stamp canceled on the way back.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quantities issued were more than 152 million<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_-_Airpost_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts_-_Airpost-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the issue quite common, and quite popular. Some issues are missing the red color resulting in the stripes of the flag emblem on Armstrong's arm being omitted making that issue quite scarce and expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_-_Airpost_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts_-_Airpost-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_Achievement_Decade_Issue_of_1971">Space Achievement Decade Issue of 1971</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Space Achievement Decade Issue of 1971"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postage_stamp_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo 15 postage stamp incident">Apollo 15 postage stamp incident</a></div> <p>This 'Space Achievements' issue depicts the Earth, Sun, Lunar Module, the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> and astronauts. Two 8-cent <a href="/wiki/Se-tenant_(philately)" class="mw-redirect" title="Se-tenant (philately)">se-tenant</a> stamps commemorating a decade of space achievements were placed on sale on August 2, 1971, at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and Houston, Texas. First day covers were postmarked at two different post offices (Houston, Texas and Huntsville, Alabama, location of the two tracking stations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) rather than the usual one because of the extraordinary popularity of the space program at the time of issuance. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Achievement Decade Issue of 1971"><img alt="Space Achievement Decade Issue of 1971" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg/300px-Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg/450px-Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg/600px-Moon_Landing_1971_Issue-8c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Achievement Decade Issue of 1971</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo15LunarRover.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The U.S. Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle from Apollo 15 on the Moon in 1971. (NASA)"><img alt="The U.S. Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle from Apollo 15 on the Moon in 1971. (NASA)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Apollo15LunarRover.jpg/272px-Apollo15LunarRover.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Apollo15LunarRover.jpg/408px-Apollo15LunarRover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Apollo15LunarRover.jpg/544px-Apollo15LunarRover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a> <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> from <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a> on the Moon in 1971. (NASA)</div> </li> </ul> <p>This issue was designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCall_(artist)" title="Robert McCall (artist)">Robert T. McCall</a> of Paradise Valley, Arizona. Upon close examination of this issue, one can see that it has an accurate depiction of the Lunar Rover, sitting on the Lunar surface. The <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a> can also be seen in the background. This issue (pair) came in sheets of 50 (100 individual stamps), with an initial printing of 150 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skylab_Issue_of_1974">Skylab Issue of 1974</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Skylab Issue of 1974"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg/220px-Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg/330px-Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg/440px-Skylab2_1974_Issue-10c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> Skylab Issue of 1974 </div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a>, a science and engineering laboratory, was the United States' first space station, and the second space station visited by a human crew. It was put into orbit by a Saturn V rocket on 14 May 1973. It was also the only space station NASA launched alone. The 100-ton space station was in Earth's orbit from 1973 to 1979 and it was visited by crews three times in 1973 and 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Circling 50 degrees north and south of the equator at an altitude of 435 kilometres (270 mi), <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> had an orbital period of 93 minutes. There were a plethora of UV astronomy experiments done during the Skylab lifetime, as well as detailed X-ray studies of the Sun. The station was active until July 11, 1979, when it fell out of orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10-cent Skylab commemorative stamp first day of release took place in Houston, Texas, on May 14, 1974. This issue commemorates the first anniversary of the launching of Skylab, and depicts the station as it was repaired, complete with "umbrella" and missing the lost solar panel. The stamp was designed by Robert T. McCall and was issued in sheets of fifty, with an initial printing of 140 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pioneer_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975">Pioneer Commemorative Issue of 1975</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pioneer Commemorative Issue of 1975"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg/220px-Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg/330px-Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg/440px-Pioneer_Jupiter_1975_Issue-10c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> Pioneer Commemorative Issue of 1975 </div></figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1972, scientists at <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> launched <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i> to gather scientific data about the Solar System's largest planet, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, while the vessel was also receiving radio control and guidance signals and other information from Earth. <i>Pioneer 10</i> was expected to last for 21 months in the Solar System and deliver accurate information over that period of time. The fastest manufactured object to enter space from Earth, the spacecraft was to begin collecting data at the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid Belt">Asteroid Belt</a> and Jupiter and continue to relay information about other areas and phenomena of the Solar System. </p><p>After <i>Pioneer 10</i> passed through the asteroid belt, <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i>, was launched on a similar trajectory. </p><p><i>Pioneer 10</i> became the first spacecraft to get close enough to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> to send back revelations about the properties and phenomena of the Solar System's largest planet.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10-cent Pioneer commemorative stamp was issued on February 28, 1975, at Mountain View, California, and paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing up to one ounce. Designed by Robert T. McCall and printed at the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> on the Giori presses, the stamp shares numerous design elements with USA Scott 1557, the <i>Mariner 10</i> Issue of 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mariner_10_Issue_of_1975"><i>Mariner 10</i> Issue of 1975</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mariner 10 Issue of 1975"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg/220px-Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg/330px-Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg/440px-Mariner_10_1975_Issue-10c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> <i>Mariner 10</i> Issue of 1975 </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Engineered to explore the orbits of <a href="/wiki/Venus_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus (planet)">Venus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></i> launched in November 1973. The mission's two-year plan used the gravitational pull of Venus to reach Mercury. The probe also used solar winds to help with locomotion when fuel ran low. <i>Mariner 10</i> orbited the planets in the opposite direction of Earth's orbit. </p><p>Mariner's first photographed images, which revealed <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>'s dense cloud cover, reached NASA scientists in February 1974. Data collected by <i>Mariner 10</i> helped determine Venus's rotation period and use of Earth's magnetic field. Photos of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> revealed its cratered surface and its large scarps and plains. Research also recorded its radical temperature variations between night and day.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10-cent <i>Mariner 10</i> commemorative stamp was issued on April 4, 1975, in Pasadena, California. It paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing up to one ounce. The stamp shares numerous design elements with USA Scott 1556, and while they have different designers and dates of issue, the two are catalogued together under the heading "U.S. Unmanned Accomplishments in Space." </p><p>Designed by Roy Gjertson, the <i>Mariner 10</i> commemorative postage issue was printed at the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> in multi-color on the Giori presses.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quantities issued totaled more than 158 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apollo–Soyuz_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975"><span id="Apollo.E2.80.93Soyuz_Commemorative_Issue_of_1975"></span>Apollo–Soyuz Commemorative Issue of 1975</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Apollo–Soyuz Commemorative Issue of 1975"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> mission, two nations collaborated on a space project for the first time. In July 1975, the United States launched the crewed Apollo Command module to rendezvous with Russia's crewed Soyuz module. A special docking station facilitated interaction among the astronauts. Television stations worldwide broadcast the historic docking and bi-national greeting made by the astronauts. The modules remained docked for two days, during which the teams performed numerous experiments. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_(Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_(Russo-American_cooperation)).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo – Soyuz Commemorative Issue of 1975"><img alt="Apollo – Soyuz Commemorative Issue of 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_%28Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_%28Russo-American_cooperation%29%29.jpg/400px-The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_%28Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_%28Russo-American_cooperation%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_%28Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_%28Russo-American_cooperation%29%29.jpg/600px-The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_%28Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_%28Russo-American_cooperation%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_%28Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_%28Russo-American_cooperation%29%29.jpg/800px-The_United_States_1975_Sn_1569-1570_horizontal_se-tenant_pair_%28Apollo_Soyuz_space_test_project_%28Russo-American_cooperation%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo – Soyuz Commemorative Issue of 1975</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo-soyuz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo – Soyuz spacecraft linked up"><img alt="Apollo – Soyuz spacecraft linked up" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Apollo-soyuz.jpg/400px-Apollo-soyuz.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Apollo-soyuz.jpg/600px-Apollo-soyuz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Apollo-soyuz.jpg/800px-Apollo-soyuz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10214" data-file-height="2457" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo – Soyuz spacecraft linked up</div> </li> </ul> <p>The U.S. Postal Service issued this <a href="/wiki/Se-tenant_(philately)" class="mw-redirect" title="Se-tenant (philately)">se-tenant</a> pair of two 10-cent multicolored stamps on July 15, 1975, at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, Florida. The circular program insignia on the left-hand stamp is rotated to the Soviet configuration, showing the red Soyuz section on the left. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> also released stamps of similar design (Russia Scott 4339–4340) at the same time. This denomination paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing up to an ounce. </p><p>Robert T. McCall designed the 'after link-up' image, and Anatoly Aksamit designed the 'before link-up' image. The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> produced the stamps on the Andreotti press in sheets of ninety-six stamps, panes of twenty-four. Quantities issued for this pair of postage issues totaled more than 161 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viking_missions_to_Mars,_Issue_of_1978"><span id="Viking_missions_to_Mars.2C_Issue_of_1978"></span>Viking missions to Mars, Issue of 1978</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Viking missions to Mars, Issue of 1978"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viking_Mission_Mars3_1978_Issue-15c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Viking_Mission_Mars3_1978_Issue-15c.jpg/220px-Viking_Mission_Mars3_1978_Issue-15c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Viking_Mission_Mars3_1978_Issue-15c.jpg/330px-Viking_Mission_Mars3_1978_Issue-15c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Viking_Mission_Mars3_1978_Issue-15c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;"> Viking missions to Mars, 1978 Issue </div></figcaption></figure> <p>NASA's <a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking program</a> consisted of a pair of space probes sent to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Viking_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking I">Viking I</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Viking_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking II">Viking II</a></i>. Each vehicle was composed of two main parts, an orbiter designed to photograph the surface of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> from orbit, and a lander designed to study the planet from the surface. The orbiters also served as communication relays for the landers once they touched down.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon close examination, one can discern the engraving of the landing component used to collect soil samples on Mars, the radio dish, landing gear and other equipment rendered by the engraver in this issue. The U.S. Postal Service released this issue at Hampton, Virginia, on July 20, 1978, the second anniversary of the <i>Viking I</i> lander's descent to the Martian surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 15-cent denomination paid the new domestic rate that had recently increased from 13 cents two months earlier for a first-class letter weighing up to an ounce. It was the second such stamp issued to fulfill that rate.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by Robert T. McCall, the issue was printed at the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> on the Giori presses in sheets of 200 stamps which were then cut into panes of fifty stamps for sale at post offices.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First day of issue ceremony took place July 20, 1978, at Hampton, Va. Quantities issued totaled more than 158 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_Achievement_Issue">Space Achievement Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Space Achievement Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg/220px-Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg/330px-Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg/440px-Space_Achievement_commemorative_issue_stamps_1981_USA-1912-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Space Achievement commemorative issue 18-cent stamps in a block of eight format</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 21, 1981, the Post Office released the Space Achievement commemorative issue, 18-cent stamps, in a block of eight format, one image being shared by four individual stamps, with four more aside them depicting various space exploration imagery. First day of issue occurred at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The four central stamps depict the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> in its various modes of operation. The central theme of this issue involves the first actual 'in space' flights of the Space Shuttle and also pays tribute to twenty years of U.S. crewed space exploration. The other stamps to the left and right sides are honoring the efforts of those who partook in the historical Moon walk, <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i> missions. The images were modeled by Clarance Holbert. The stamp design by Robert T. McCall.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotts_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_Shuttle_Issues">Space Shuttle Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Space Shuttle Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. Space Shuttle stamp of 1995 depicts the famous liftoff of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></a>, Mission <a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a>, which took place on June 21, 1993, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This issue was designed by Phil Jordan of Falls Church, Virginia. As an extra security measure, elliptical perforations were used on sheets of stamps to identify genuine issues from those that might be counterfeited. The postage stamps were manufactured by Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd. in the offset/intaglio process. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_1995_Issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour Issue of 1995"><img alt="Space Shuttle Endeavour Issue of 1995" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_1995_Issue.jpg/188px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_1995_Issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_1995_Issue.jpg/281px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_1995_Issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_1995_Issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> Issue of 1995</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavor2_1995_Issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour Issue of 1998"><img alt="Space Shuttle Endeavour Issue of 1998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor2_1995_Issue.jpg/188px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor2_1995_Issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor2_1995_Issue.jpg/281px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor2_1995_Issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/43/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor2_1995_Issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> Issue of 1998</div> </li> </ul> <p>On June 22, 1995, in Anaheim, California, the <a href="/wiki/USPS" class="mw-redirect" title="USPS">USPS</a> commemorated the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a>, STS-7, with the issuance of a 3-dollar postage stamp. Again designed by Phil Jordan, the stamp features the <i>Challenger</i> Space Shuttle. The name of the Space Shuttle was inscribed in microtype and secretly blended into the design matrix to satisfy concern about matters of security. This was the first time that the Post Office used an actual photograph from a NASA mission, instead of an illustration based on a photograph. This issue was also printed by Ashton-Potter USA, Ltd., on the offset-intaglio printer. </p><p>On November 19, 1998, in New York City, the Post Office issued the Space Shuttle Piggyback $11.75 definitive Express Mail postage stamp. With all the fanfare surrounding the United States space program, this ceremony was in conjunction with the special First Day of Issue grand event that in New York that year. This issue was also designed by Phil Jordan and was printed by the Banknote Corporation of America.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Other Space Shuttle Issues</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Shuttle Airmail Issue of 1989"><img alt="Space Shuttle Airmail Issue of 1989" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg/149px-Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg/223px-Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg/297px-Space_Shuttle_AirMail_1989_Issue-45c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Shuttle Airmail Issue of 1989</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_1995_Issue-$3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Challenger Issue of 1995"><img alt="Challenger Issue of 1995" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Challenger_1995_Issue-%243.jpg/189px-Challenger_1995_Issue-%243.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Challenger_1995_Issue-%243.jpg/284px-Challenger_1995_Issue-%243.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c4/Challenger_1995_Issue-%243.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Challenger</i> Issue of 1995</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_320c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Shuttle Issue of 1998"><img alt="Space Shuttle Issue of 1998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Space_Shuttle_320c.jpg/183px-Space_Shuttle_320c.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Space_Shuttle_320c.jpg/275px-Space_Shuttle_320c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/Space_Shuttle_320c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="244" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Shuttle Issue of 1998</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Shuttle Program Issue of 2000"><img alt="Space Shuttle Program Issue of 2000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg/149px-Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg/224px-Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg/298px-Space_Shuttle_Program_2000_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Shuttle Program Issue of 2000</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mars_Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mars Pathfinder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1997, to commemorate achievements of <a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a> program, $3 Priority Mail stamp was issued, and 15 million stamps have been printed. "Based on the first image received from the Mars Pathfinder after its landing on the Martian surface July 4, 1997, the stamp features the <a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a> resting on the Pathfinder with a panoramic view of the Ares Vallis region of Mars in the background. Informational text about the Pathfinder mission is printed on the reverse of the stamp sheet."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrophilately" title="Astrophilately">Astrophilately</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airmails_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Airmails of the United States">Airmails of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_airmail_stamps" title="List of United States airmail stamps">List of United States airmail stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postage stamps and postal history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_exploration_history_on_Soviet_stamps" title="Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps">Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical_stamp_collecting" title="Topical stamp collecting">Topical stamp collecting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Scotts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scotts Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott's, USA. - First Day Covers index</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGovern, J (1964). Crossbow and Overcast. New York: W. Morrow. pp. 209–210,233,246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithsonian-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smithsonian National Postal Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libertyparkusafd.org/lp/Hale/films%20--%20DVDs/White%20Sands%20Missile%20Range%20and%20Paperclip.htm">"White Sands Missile Range"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Sands+Missile+Range&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibertyparkusafd.org%2Flp%2FHale%2Ffilms%2520--%2520DVDs%2FWhite%2520Sands%2520Missile%2520Range%2520and%2520Paperclip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/ww2/OperationPaperclip.html">https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/ww2/OperationPaperclip.html</a> Operation Paper Clip, Jewish Virtual library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scotts-quantity-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotts-quantity_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scotts Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps:Quantities Issued</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/31jul_solarsails/">NASA.gov</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019100917/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/31jul_solarsails">Archived</a> 2022-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NASA – A Brief History of Solar Sails</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/friendship7.html">NASA.gov</a> NASA -Project Mercury</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/stampstakeflight/gioriinnovation.html">"Smithsonian National Postal Museum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+National+Postal+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postalmuseum.si.edu%2Fstampstakeflight%2Fgioriinnovation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Goddard". Astronautix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/goddard.htm">http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/goddard.htm</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smithsonian Institution Archives – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/documents/goddard.htm">http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/documents/goddard.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612043422/http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/documents/goddard.htm">Archived</a> 2012-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA Archives – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/ch1-3.htm">http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/ch1-3.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054456/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/ch1-3.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=4&cmd=2&eid=294&slide=3">"Smithsonian National Postal Museum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+National+Postal+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arago.si.edu%2Findex.asp%3Fcon%3D4%26cmd%3D2%26eid%3D294%26slide%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/McDivittJA/mcdivittja.pdf">Oral History Transcript / James A. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/missions/skylab_manned.html">the original</a> on 17 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Aeronautic+and+Space+Administration&rft.atitle=The+Skylab+Crewed+Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fskylab%2Fmissions%2Fskylab_manned.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA-HEASARC Observatories – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/skylab.html">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/skylab.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020906024004/http://quest.nasa.gov/sso/cool/pioneer10/mission/">"Pioneer 10 Virtual Conference"</a>. September 6, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quest.nasa.gov/sso/cool/pioneer10/mission/">the original</a> on 2002-09-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pioneer+10+Virtual+Conference&rft.date=2002-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquest.nasa.gov%2Fsso%2Fcool%2Fpioneer10%2Fmission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713041117/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/pioneer.html">"NASA - NASA Glenn Pioneer Launch History"</a>. <i>www.nasa.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/pioneer.html">the original</a> on 2017-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+-+NASA+Glenn+Pioneer+Launch+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fglenn%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fpioneer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050726001710/http://history.nasa.gov/30thastp/index.html">Apollo-Soyuz Test Project." NASA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-085A">"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details"</a>. <i>nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+-+NSSDCA+-+Spacecraft+-+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1973-085A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA HISTORY – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://history.nasa.gov/computers/Ch5-6.html">https://history.nasa.gov/computers/Ch5-6.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010413203638/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/past/viking.html">"Missions to Mars." NASA. –</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/stamp.html">"MARS PATHFINDER LANDS ON U.S. POSTAGE STAMP"</a>. <i>mars.nasa.gov</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mars.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=MARS+PATHFINDER+LANDS+ON+U.S.+POSTAGE+STAMP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmars.nasa.gov%2FMPF%2Fmpf%2Fstamp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ball, David S. <i>American Astrophilately: the first 50 years</i>. Charleston, SC: A&A Publishers, 2010 343p.</li> <li>Courtney, R. Howard. <i>U.S. Space Log</i>. Peoria? IL.: American Topical Association Space Unit, 1971</li> <li>Goldblatt, Laura, and Richard Handler. "The Eagle, the Rocket, and the Moon: U.S. Postal Iconography at the End of History." <i>Modern American History</i> 6, no. 3 (2023): 341–346.</li> <li>Kelen, Emery. <i>Stamps Tell The Story Of Space Travel</i>. Nashville: T. Nelson, 1972 143p.</li> <li>Malz, Leo. <i>Space Stamps</i>. Johnstown, PA: American Topical Association, 1985 87p.</li> <li>McMahan, Jack W. <i>McMahan's Philatelic History of the Conquest of Space: a chronology of United States missile and space launches and events</i>. 1972 198p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/moon/moonstamps.htm">"Exploring the Moon on stamps"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Moon+on+stamps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianridpath.com%2Fmoon%2Fmoonstamps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+space+exploration+history+on+U.S.+stamps" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley_single" title="Elvis Presley single">Elvis Presley single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Duck_Stamp" title="Federal Duck Stamp">Federal Duck Stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_cents_John_Kennedy" title="Five cents John Kennedy">Five cents John Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Bureau_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Bureau issue">Fourth Bureau issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Americans_series" title="Great Americans series">Great Americans series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_stamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanukkah stamps">Hanukkah stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Issue" title="Liberty Issue">Liberty Issue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norse-American_Centennial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norse-American Centennial (page does not exist)">Norse-American Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Statehood_Stamps" title="Oklahoma Statehood Stamps">Oklahoma Statehood Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overrun_Countries_series" title="Overrun Countries series">Overrun Countries series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Issue" title="Presidential Issue">Presidential Issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prominent_Americans_series" title="Prominent Americans series">Prominent Americans series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_of_1902_(United_States_postage_stamps)" title="Series of 1902 (United States postage stamps)">Series of 1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_handling" title="Special handling">Special handling stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_coils" title="Transportation coils">Transportation coils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Parcel_Post_stamps_of_1912%E2%80%9313" title="U.S. Parcel Post stamps of 1912–13">U.S. Parcel Post stamps of 1912–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Regular_Issues_of_1922%E2%80%931931" title="US Regular Issues of 1922–1931">US Regular Issues of 1922–1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_savings_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="War savings stamps of the United States">War savings stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Americans_series" title="Distinguished Americans series">Distinguished Americans series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley_Forever_stamp" title="Elvis Presley Forever stamp">Elvis Presley Forever stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_of_America" title="Nature of America">Nature of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_at_Ground_Zero" title="Raising the Flag at Ground Zero">Raising the Flag at Ground Zero</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_Forever_stamp" title="Statue of Liberty Forever stamp">Statue of Liberty Forever stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_stamp" title="2017 Total Solar Eclipse stamp">2017 Total Solar Eclipse stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Airmail_stamp" title="Airmail stamp">Airmails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1918_Curtiss_Jenny_airmail_stamps" title="1918 Curtiss Jenny airmail stamps">1918 Curtiss Jenny airmail stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Graf_Zeppelin_stamps" title="1930 Graf Zeppelin stamps">1930 Graf Zeppelin stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_Jenny" title="Inverted Jenny">Inverted Jenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_airmail_stamps" title="List of United States airmail stamps">List of United States airmail stamps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Errors,_freaks,_and_oddities" title="Errors, freaks, and oddities">EFOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIA_invert" title="CIA invert">CIA invert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_invert" title="Dag Hammarskjöld invert">Dag Hammarskjöld invert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_Jenny" title="Inverted Jenny">Inverted Jenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_invert" title="Nixon invert">Nixon invert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-American_invert" title="Pan-American invert">Pan-American invert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Topical_stamp_collecting" title="Topical stamp collecting">Topicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artworks_on_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of artworks on stamps of the United States">Artworks on stamps of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War_on_postage_stamps" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps">Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Virginia_on_stamps" title="History of Virginia on stamps">History of Virginia on stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the United States">List of people on the postage stamps of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Confederate_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States">Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_on_stamps" title="Puerto Rico on stamps">Puerto Rico on stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States_on_stamps" title="Territories of the United States on stamps">Territories of the United States on stamps</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_on_US_stamps" title="Women on US stamps">Women on US stamps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Postmark" title="Postmark">Postmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_reported_postmark" title="Earliest reported postmark">Earliest reported postmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_cancel" title="Fancy cancel">Fancy cancel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Collections and <a href="/wiki/Category:Philatelic_museums_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Philatelic museums in the United States">museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Miller_Collection" title="Benjamin Miller Collection">Benjamin Miller Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spellman_Museum_of_Stamps_%26_Postal_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Spellman Museum of Stamps & Postal History">Cardinal Spellman Philatelic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Postal_Museum" title="Florida Postal Museum">Florida Postal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Philatelic_Museum,_Philadelphia" title="National Philatelic Museum, Philadelphia">National Philatelic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mail_Act_of_1925" title="Air Mail Act of 1925">Air Mail Act of 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mail_scandal" title="Air Mail scandal">Air Mail scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postage_stamp_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo 15 postage stamp incident">Apollo 15 postage stamp incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barefoot_mailman" title="Barefoot mailman">Barefoot mailman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_Railway_Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat Railway Post Office">Boat Railway Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Stamp_Advisory_Committee" title="Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee">Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_mail_in_the_United_States" title="Express mail in the United States">Express mail in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_States_postage_rates" title="History of United States postage rates">History of United States postage rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_jumping" title="Mail jumping">Mail jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_tube_mail_in_New_York_City" title="Pneumatic tube mail in New York City">Pneumatic tube mail in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_history_of_Oregon" title="Postal history of Oregon">Postal history of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Mail_Service" title="Railway Mail Service">Railway Mail Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Free_Delivery" title="Rural Free Delivery">Rural Free Delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_routes" title="Star routes">Star routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Delivery_(postal_service)" title="U.S. Special Delivery (postal service)">U.S. Special Delivery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Postal services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Letter_Mail_Company" title="American Letter Mail Company">American Letter Mail Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_Mail" title="Butterfield Overland Mail">Butterfield Overland Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio%E2%80%93San_Diego_Mail_Line" title="San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line">San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">United States Post Office Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Philatelist" title="The American Philatelist">The American Philatelist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Higgins_%26_Gage_World_Postal_Stationery_Catalog" title="Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog">Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linn%27s_Stamp_News" title="Linn's Stamp News">Linn's Stamp News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkus_catalogue" title="Minkus catalogue">Minkus catalogue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scott_catalogue" title="Scott catalogue">Scott catalogue</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stamp<br />production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_stamp_designers" title="Category:American stamp designers">American stamp designers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bank_Note_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bank Note Company">American Bank Note Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing#Postage_stamp_production" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Lee_Bank_Note_Company" title="Homer Lee Bank Note Company">Homer Lee Bank Note Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Air_Mail_Society" title="American Air Mail Society">American Air Mail Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philatelic_Research_Library" title="American Philatelic Research Library">American Philatelic Research Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philatelic_Society" title="American Philatelic Society">American Philatelic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Philatelic_Library" title="Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library">Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Postal_Stationery_Society" title="United Postal Stationery Society">United Postal Stationery Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Philatelic_Classics_Society" title="U.S. Philatelic Classics Society">U.S. Philatelic Classics Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Stamp_Society" title="United States Stamp Society">United States Stamp Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_philatelists" title="Category:American philatelists">American philatelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_postmasters" title="Category:American postmasters">American postmasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Act" title="Postal Service Act">Postal Service Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Reorganization_Act" title="Postal Reorganization Act">Postal Reorganization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="Revenue stamps of the United States">Revenue stamps of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_postal_notes" title="United States postal notes">United States postal notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Post_Offices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Post Offices">United States Post Offices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topical_stamp_collecting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Topical_stamps" title="Template:Topical stamps"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Topical_stamps" title="Template talk:Topical stamps"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Topical_stamps" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Topical stamps"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topical_stamp_collecting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Topical_stamp_collecting" title="Topical stamp collecting">Topical stamp collecting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Themes <br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="UK Penny Red PL148" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/60px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/90px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/120px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stamp" title="Bird stamp">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_stamp" title="Coffee stamp">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insects_on_stamps" title="Insects on stamps">Insects</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_country" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_on_stamps_of_Australia" title="List of butterflies on stamps of Australia">Butterflies of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flora_on_stamps_of_Australia" title="List of flora on stamps of Australia">Flora of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_II_on_stamps" title="Category:Elizabeth II on stamps">Queen Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admirals_(philately)" title="Admirals (philately)">King George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leniniana" title="Leniniana">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende#Postage_stamps" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Queen_Victoria_on_stamps" title="Category:Queen Victoria on stamps">Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists_on_postage_stamps" title="List of psychologists on postage stamps">Psychologists</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_country" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_countries_with_people_on_postage_stamps" title="Lists of countries with people on postage stamps">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Canada" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_Canadian_provinces" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the Canadian provinces">Canadian provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Central_African_Republic" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Chile" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_China" title="List of people on the postage stamps of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Colombia" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Costa_Rica" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Croatia" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Cuba" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Denmark" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Djibouti" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_German_Democratic_Republic" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the German Democratic Republic">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Hungary" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Iceland" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_India" title="List of people on the postage stamps of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Ireland" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Japan" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Latvia" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Malta" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Mexico" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_New_Zealand" title="List of people on the postage stamps of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Nigeria" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Norway" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Pakistan" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Peru" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Portugal" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Russia" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Samoa" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Sri_Lanka" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Sudan" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Taiwan" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">Presidents</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Women_on_US_stamps" title="Women on US stamps">Women</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War_on_postage_stamps" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_on_stamps" title="Puerto Rico on stamps">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States_on_stamps" title="Territories of the United States on stamps">Territories of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Virginia_on_stamps" title="History of Virginia on stamps">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Space" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrophilately" title="Astrophilately">Astrophilately</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_exploration_history_on_Soviet_stamps" title="Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps">Soviet space exploration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. space exploration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycles_on_stamps" title="Bicycles on stamps">Bicycles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_stamps" title="Art Deco stamps">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintin_postage_stamps" title="Tintin postage stamps">Tintin</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_on_Soviet_postage_stamps" title="List of paintings on Soviet postage stamps">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artworks_on_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of artworks on stamps of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Celebrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_issue" title="Coronation issue">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_stamp" title="Hanukkah stamp">Hanukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_stamp" title="Holiday stamp">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_stamp" title="Millennium stamp">Millenium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canada_Post_millennium_stamps" title="Canada Post millennium stamps">Canada</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stamps_depicting_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="List of stamps depicting the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_ice_hockey_stamps" title="Canadian ice hockey stamps">Ice hockey in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_stamps" title="Canadian Olympic stamps">Olympics in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_on_stamps" title="Chemistry on stamps">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystallography_on_stamps" title="Crystallography on stamps">Crystallography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_on_stamps" title="Mathematics on stamps">Mathematics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Topical_Association" title="American Topical Association">American Topical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Philat%C3%A9lie" title="Fédération Internationale de Philatélie">Fédération Internationale de Philatélie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Postage_stamps" title="Category:Postage stamps">Category — Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Topical_postage_stamps" title="Category:Topical postage stamps">Category — Topical postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stamps_by_subject" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stamps by subject">Commons — Stamps by subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philately" title="Portal:Philately">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philately" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philately">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" 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