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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_colonisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>European colonisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Post independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administration and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Telecommunication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman-_en_Nicobar-eilande" title="Andaman- en Nicobar-eilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Andaman- en Nicobar-eilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अंडमान आरू निकोबार द्वीपसमूह – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंडमान आरू निकोबार द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جزر أندمان ونيكوبار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر أندمان ونيكوبار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Andam%C3%A1n_y_Nicobar" title="Islles Andamán y Nicobar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Andamán y Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अंडमान अउर निकोबार द्वीपसमूह – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अंडमान अउर निकोबार द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_v%C9%99_Nikobar_adalar%C4%B1" title="Andaman və Nikobar adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Andaman və Nikobar adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آندامان و نیکوبار آدالاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آندامان و نیکوبار آدالاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Andaman_miwah_Nikobar" title="Kapuloan Andaman miwah Nikobar – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kapuloan Andaman miwah Nikobar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="আন্দামান ও নিকোবর দ্বীপপুঞ্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্দামান ও নিকোবর দ্বীপপুঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_kap_Nicobar_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Andaman kap Nicobar Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Andaman kap Nicobar Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Андаманскія і Нікабарскія астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Андаманскія і Нікабарскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Андаманскія і Нікабарскія астравы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Андаманскія і Нікабарскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अंडमान अउरी निकोबार दीपसमूह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंडमान अउरी निकोबार दीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Андамански и Никобарски острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андамански и Никобарски острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamani_i_Nikobari" title="Andamani i Nikobari – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Andamani i Nikobari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inizi_Andaman_ha_Nikobar" title="Inizi Andaman ha Nikobar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inizi Andaman ha Nikobar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Andaman_i_Nicobar" title="Illes Andaman i Nicobar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illes Andaman i Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Territory_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamany_a_Nikobary" title="Andamany a Nikobary – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andamany a Nikobary" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanerne_og_Nicobarerne" title="Andamanerne og Nicobarerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Andamanerne og Nicobarerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanen_und_Nikobaren" title="Andamanen und Nikobaren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andamanen und Nikobaren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A8_%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%AA" title="އަންޒަމާނާއި ނައްކަވާރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަންޒަމާނާއި ނައްކަވާރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanid_ja_Nicobarid" title="Andamanid ja Nicobarid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Andamanid ja Nicobarid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Νήσοι Ανταμάν και Νικομπάρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νήσοι Ανταμάν και Νικομπάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Andam%C3%A1n_y_Nicobar" title="Islas Andamán y Nicobar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Andamán y Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanoj_kaj_Nikobaroj" title="Andamanoj kaj Nikobaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andamanoj kaj Nikobaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_eta_Nikobar_uharteak" title="Andaman eta Nikobar uharteak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andaman eta Nikobar uharteak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جزایر آندامان و نیکوبار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر آندامان و نیکوبار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Andaman-et-Nicobar" title="Îles Andaman-et-Nicobar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Andaman-et-Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_e_Nicobar" title="Andaman e Nicobar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Andaman e Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B9" title="અંદામાન અને નિકોબાર દ્વીપસમૂહ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંદામાન અને નિકોબાર દ્વીપસમૂહ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अंदमान आनी निकोबार – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अंदमान आनी निकोबार" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%8B%A4%EB%A7%8C_%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%94%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="안다만 니코바르 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안다만 니코바르 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsibiran_Andaman_da_Nicobar" title="Tsibiran Andaman da Nicobar – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsibiran Andaman da Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अण्डमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अण्डमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanski_i_Nikobarski_otoci" title="Andamanski i Nikobarski otoci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Andamanski i Nikobarski otoci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamani_e_Nikobari" title="Andamani e Nikobari – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Andamani e Nikobari" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্দামান বারো নিকোবর দ্বীপমালা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আন্দামান বারো নিকোবর দ্বীপমালা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nikobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Андаманы æмæ Никобары сакъадæхтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Андаманы æмæ Никобары сакъадæхтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman-_og_N%C3%ADk%C3%B3bareyjar" title="Andaman- og Níkóbareyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Andaman- og Níkóbareyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamane_e_Nicobare" title="Andamane e Nicobare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andamane e Nicobare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8" title="איי אנדמן וניקובר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איי אנדמן וניקובר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Andaman_lan_Nikobar" title="Kapuloan Andaman lan Nikobar – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kapuloan Andaman lan Nikobar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಮತ್ತು ನಿಕೊಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಮತ್ತು ನಿಕೊಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ანდამანის და ნიკობარის კუნძულები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდამანის და ნიკობარის კუნძულები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%86%D9%90%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انڈمان تہٕ نِکوبار – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="انڈمان تہٕ نِکوبار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Andamani_na_Nikobari" title="Visiwa vya Andamani na Nikobari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Andamani na Nikobari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Андаман жана Никобар аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Андаман жана Никобар аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Andamanenses_et_Nicobarenses" title="Insulae Andamanenses et Nicobarenses – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Andamanenses et Nicobarenses" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanu_un_Nikobaru_Salas" title="Andamanu un Nikobaru Salas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Andamanu un Nikobaru Salas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman%C5%B3_ir_Nikobar%C5%B3_salos" title="Andamanų ir Nikobarų salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Andamanų ir Nikobarų salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andam%C3%A1n-_%C3%A9s_Nikob%C3%A1r-szigetek" title="Andamán- és Nikobár-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Andamán- és Nikobár-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अन्डमान आ निकोबार द्वीपसमूह – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अन्डमान आ निकोबार द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Андамани и Никобари – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Андамани и Никобари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ആന്തമാൻ നിക്കോബാർ ദ്വീപുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന്തമാൻ നിക്കോബാർ ദ്വീപുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87" title="अंदमान आणि निकोबार बेटे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंदमान आणि निकोबार बेटे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ანდამანიშ დო ნიკობარიშ კოკეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანდამანიშ დო ნიკობარიშ კოკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آندامان و نیکوبار – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آندامان و نیکوبار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nicobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapulauan_Andaman_jo_Nikobar" title="Kapulauan Andaman jo Nikobar – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kapulauan Andaman jo Nikobar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_g%C3%A2e%CC%A4ng_Nicobar_G%C3%B9ng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Andaman gâe̤ng Nicobar Gùng-dō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Andaman gâe̤ng Nicobar Gùng-dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကပ္ပလီကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကပ္ပလီကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanen_en_Nicobaren" title="Andamanen en Nicobaren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andamanen en Nicobaren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="अन्डमन र निकोबार द्वीपसमूह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्डमन र निकोबार द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="अंदमान व निकोबार द्वीप – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंदमान व निकोबार द्वीप" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="アンダマン・ニコバル諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンダマン・ニコバル諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Андаманан а, Никобаран а гӀайренаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Андаманан а, Никобаран а гӀайренаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamaanen_an_Nikobaaren" title="Andamaanen an Nikobaaren – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Andamaanen an Nikobaaren" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanene_og_Nikobarene" title="Andamanene og Nikobarene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andamanene og Nikobarene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman%C3%B8yane_og_Nikobarane" title="Andamanøyane og Nikobarane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andamanøyane og Nikobarane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Andaman_e_Nicobar" title="Illas Andaman e Nicobar – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illas Andaman e Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%93_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C" title="ଆଣ୍ଡାମାନ ଓ ନିକୋବର ଦ୍ୱୀପପୁଞ୍ଜ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଣ୍ଡାମାନ ଓ ନିକୋବର ଦ୍ୱୀପପୁଞ୍ଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_va_Nikobar_orollari" title="Andaman va Nikobar orollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Andaman va Nikobar orollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਅੰਡੇਮਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਕੋਬਾਰ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਡੇਮਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਕੋਬਾਰ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انڈیمان تے نکوبار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انڈیمان تے نکوبار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88" title="اندامان او نیکوبار ټاپو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اندامان او نیکوبار ټاپو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamany_i_Nikobary" title="Andamany i Nikobary – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andamany i Nikobary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andam%C3%A3o_e_Nicobar" title="Andamão e Nicobar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andamão e Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Andaman_%C8%99i_Nicobar" title="Insulele Andaman și Nicobar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Andaman și Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Андаманские и Никобарские острова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Андаманские и Никобарские острова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83" title="अण्डमाननिकोबारद्वीपसमूहः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अण्डमाननिकोबारद्वीपसमूहः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF" title="ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱧᱡᱤᱰᱷᱤᱯ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱧᱡᱤᱰᱷᱤᱯ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_an_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman an Nicobar Islands – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Andaman an Nicobar Islands" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamany_a_Nikobary" title="Andamany a Nikobary – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Andamany a Nikobary" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanski_in_Nikobarski_otoki" title="Andamanski in Nikobarski otoki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Andamanski in Nikobarski otoki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Андамани и Никобари – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Андамани и Никобари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanski_i_Nikobarski_otoci" title="Andamanski i Nikobarski otoci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Andamanski i Nikobarski otoci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamaanit_ja_Nikobaarit" title="Andamaanit ja Nikobaarit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andamaanit ja Nikobaarit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanerna_och_Nikobarerna" title="Andamanerna och Nikobarerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andamanerna och Nikobarerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuluan_ng_Andaman_at_Nicobar" title="Kapuluan ng Andaman at Nicobar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapuluan ng Andaman at Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Андаман һәм Никобар утраулары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Андаман һәм Никобар утраулары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="అండమాన్ నికోబార్ దీవులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అండమాన్ నికోబార్ దీవులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="หมู่เกาะอันดามันและนิโคบาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะอันดามันและนิโคบาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%AF%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ҷазираҳои Ондомон ва Некӯбор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷазираҳои Ондомон ва Некӯбор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_ve_Nikobar_adalar%C4%B1" title="Andaman ve Nikobar adaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andaman ve Nikobar adaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Андаманські і Нікобарські острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андаманські і Нікобарські острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جزائر انڈمان و نکوبار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزائر انڈمان و نکوبار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Andaman_v%C3%A0_Nicobar" title="Quần đảo Andaman và Nicobar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần đảo Andaman và Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuropod-an_han_Andaman_ngan_Nicobar" title="Kapuropod-an han Andaman ngan Nicobar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kapuropod-an han Andaman ngan Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC-%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="安达曼-尼科巴群岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="安达曼-尼科巴群岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_Er%C3%A9k%C3%B9%E1%B9%A3%C3%B9_Andaman_%C3%A0ti_Nicobar" title="Àwọn Erékùṣù Andaman àti Nicobar – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Erékùṣù Andaman àti Nicobar" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E6%9B%BC-%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="安達曼-尼科巴群島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="安達曼-尼科巴群島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC-%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="安达曼-尼科巴群岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安达曼-尼科巴群岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepuloan_Andaman_%C3%A8n_Nikobar" title="Kepuloan Andaman èn Nikobar – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kepuloan Andaman èn Nikobar" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40888#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Union territory of India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Union territory in East India, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Union territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg/250px-The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg/375px-The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg/500px-The_Coral_Reef_at_the_Andaman_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3377" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Havelock_Island,_Ethereal_mangrove_tree,_Andaman_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Havelock_Island%2C_Ethereal_mangrove_tree%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/124px-Havelock_Island%2C_Ethereal_mangrove_tree%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Havelock_Island%2C_Ethereal_mangrove_tree%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/186px-Havelock_Island%2C_Ethereal_mangrove_tree%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Havelock_Island%2C_Ethereal_mangrove_tree%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/248px-Havelock_Island%2C_Ethereal_mangrove_tree%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaheed_Island,_Andaman_Islands,_Tropical_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shaheed_Island%2C_Andaman_Islands%2C_Tropical_beach.jpg/124px-Shaheed_Island%2C_Andaman_Islands%2C_Tropical_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shaheed_Island%2C_Andaman_Islands%2C_Tropical_beach.jpg/186px-Shaheed_Island%2C_Andaman_Islands%2C_Tropical_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shaheed_Island%2C_Andaman_Islands%2C_Tropical_beach.jpg/248px-Shaheed_Island%2C_Andaman_Islands%2C_Tropical_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_Sea,_Andaman_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Andaman_Sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/124px-Andaman_Sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Andaman_Sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/186px-Andaman_Sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Andaman_Sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/248px-Andaman_Sea%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Andaman.jpg/124px-Andaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Andaman.jpg/186px-Andaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Andaman.jpg/248px-Andaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg/250px-Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg/375px-Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg/500px-Cellular_jail_or_kaalaapani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b>Clockwise from top-right</b>: <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reefs</a> around the islands; Beach at <a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Dweep" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaheed Dweep">Shaheed Dweep</a>; <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>; Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a>; <a href="/wiki/Havelock_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Havelock Island">Havelock Island</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Andaman and Nicobar Islands"><img alt="Official emblem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/125px-Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/188px-Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/250px-Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="347" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Emblem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Satyameva Jayate<br />(Truth alone triumphs)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-AN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Andaman and Nicobar Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/IN-AN.svg/300px-IN-AN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/IN-AN.svg/450px-IN-AN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/IN-AN.svg/600px-IN-AN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&params=11.68_N_92.72_E_type:adm1st_region:IN-AN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°43′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.68°N 92.72°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.68; 92.72</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Formation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1956</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">and largest city</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="List of districts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Government of Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators#Current_Indian_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Kumar_Joshi" title="Devendra Kumar Joshi">Devendra Kumar Joshi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chandra Bhushan Kumar, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">1 seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_High_Court#Principal_seat_and_benches" title="Calcutta High Court">Calcutta High Court (Port Blair Bench)</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,249 km<sup>2</sup> (3,185 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">29th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">467 km (290 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">24 km (15 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">568 m (1,864 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)">Saddle Peak</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">737 m (2,418 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Pop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">380,581</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">34th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">46/km<sup>2</sup> (120/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">37.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">62.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andamanese_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese peoples">Andamanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicobarese_people" title="Nicobarese people">Nicobarese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2021-22)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>103 billion</span> (US$1.2 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">33rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-AN</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">AN</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.719 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0c0">High</span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">86.27 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">876<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">22nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andaman.gov.in">andaman<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Andaman and Nicobar Islands</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/80px-Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/120px-Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/160px-Seal_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="347" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Emblem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_wood_pigeon" title="Andaman wood pigeon">Andaman wood pigeon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lagerstroemia_speciosa" title="Lagerstroemia speciosa">Pyinma</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dugong" title="Dugong">Dugong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_dalbergioides" title="Pterocarpus dalbergioides">Andaman Padauk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state and union territory symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Andaman and Nicobar Islands</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of India comprising 572 islands, of which only 38 are inhabited. The islands are grouped into two main clusters: the northern <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a> and the southern <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a>, separated by a 150 km (93 mi) wide <a href="/wiki/Ten_Degree_Channel" title="Ten Degree Channel">channel</a>. The capital and largest city of the territory, <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a> (officially Sri Vijaya Puram), is located approximately 1,190 km (740 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and 1,255 km (780 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_India" title="Mainland India">mainland India</a>. The islands are situated between the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a> to the east. The northernmost point is 901 km (560 mi) from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_River" title="Hooghly River">Hooghly River</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indira_Point" title="Indira Point">Indira Point</a>, located at 6°45'10″N and 93°49'36″E on the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Great_Nicobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Nicobar">Great Nicobar</a>, is the southernmost point of India. </p><p>The territory shares <a href="/wiki/Maritime_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime border">maritime borders</a> with <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> located about 165 km (103 mi) to the south, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> located 280 km (170 mi) to the north-east and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> located 650 km (400 mi) to the south-east. The islands occupy a total land area of approximately 8,249 km<sup>2</sup> (3,185 sq mi) with a population of 380,581 as per the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 census</a>. The territory is divided into three districts: <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicobar District">Nicobar</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Andaman_district" title="South Andaman district">South Andaman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_and_Middle_Andaman_district" title="North and Middle Andaman district">North and Middle Andaman</a> with the capitals at <a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar" title="Car Nicobar">Car Nicobar</a>, Port Blair and <a href="/wiki/Mayabunder" title="Mayabunder">Mayabunder</a> respectively. </p><p>Genetic and cultural studies suggest that the indigenous Andamanese people may have been isolated from other populations during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a> era, more than 30,000 years ago. Archeological evidence of civilisation has been dated back to 2,200 years. In the 11th century CE, <a href="/wiki/Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholas">Cholas</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Crowned_Kings" title="Three Crowned Kings">three Tamil kingdoms</a>, used the islands as a <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a> to launch expeditions in South East Asia. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_East_India_Company" title="Danish East India Company">Danish</a> were the first Europeans to arrive on the islands in 1755. The islands became part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> in 1868. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the islands were invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence</a> in 1947, the region became a province and later a union territory after the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> in 1950. </p><p>The islands host the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a>, the only geographical command operated jointly by the three major wings of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and English are the official languages, the major spoken languages include <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>. Indigenous people speak any of the <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_languages" title="Andamanese languages">Andamanese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nicobarese_languages" title="Nicobarese languages">Nicobarese</a> family of languages. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is the majority religion in the union territory, with a significant Christian minority. The islands include the <a href="/wiki/North_Sentinel_Island" title="North Sentinel Island">North Sentinel Island</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Sentinelese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinelese people">Sentinelese people</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncontacted people">uncontacted tribe</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Andaman might have been derived from <i>Handuman</i>, after the Indian God <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> epic <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The place was called with a similar name by the <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay</a>, who used to be involved in <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a> in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-NA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The place was also referred by various names such as <i>Angademan</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> in the 2nd century CE and <i>Angamanian</i> by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> in 13th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-SA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicobar, which was located in the sea route connecting <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> to <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia">South East Asia</a>, was known as <i>Nakkavaram</i>, meaning "open/naked land" borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a> which later became <i>Nicobar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">middle ages</a> (500-1500 AD), Nicobar was known as <i>Lankhabatus</i> in <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>, probably a mis-transcription of the name <i>Nakkavaram</i>. An 11th-century CE work <i>Kathasaritsagar</i> indicates the name as <i>Narikel Dweep</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marco Polo termed the island as <i>Necuverann</i>, while the islands were known as <i>Lo-Jan Kuo</i> in China, a translation of <i>Nakkavar</i> with the same meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genetic and cultural studies suggest that the indigenous Andamanese people may have been isolated from other populations during the Middle Paleolithic era, which ended 30,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological evidence obtained from <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">middens</a> have been dated the earliest civilisations back to 200-300 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have been mentioned by Ptolemy in the 2nd century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-NA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NB_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_ages">Middle ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chola_Empire_map2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Chola_Empire_map2.png/180px-Chola_Empire_map2.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Chola_Empire_map2.png/270px-Chola_Empire_map2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Chola_Empire_map2.png/360px-Chola_Empire_map2.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholas">Cholas</a> used the islands as a <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a> in 11th century CE to launch attacks in <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia">South East Asia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicobar islands">Nicobar islands</a> existed on a major trade route connecting India to the South East Asia and had much contact with the outside world for centuries. But there are very few accounts of information as there was no written language with the indigenous people to document their history.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have been mentioned in the accounts of travellers like <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Faxian</a> in the 6th century CE and <a href="/wiki/Yijing_(monk)" title="Yijing (monk)">I-T'sing</a> in 7th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 11th century CE, <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> invaded parts of South East Asia using the <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicobar islands">Nicobar islands</a> as an intermediate naval base.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was part of an established Chola trade route connecting India and South East Asia, with the practice continuing in the subsequent years during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_II" title="Rajendra II">Rajendra II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kulothunga_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulothunga I">Kulothunga I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chola inscriptions from <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>, dated to 1050 CE, describe the islands as <i>Ma-Nakkavaram</i> meaning "great open/naked land" in Tamil.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are later mentioned by Marco Polo in the 13th century CE and <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Friar Oderic</a> in early 14th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_colonisation">European colonisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: European colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European <a href="/wiki/Colonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation">colonisation</a> on the islands began when settlers from the <a href="/wiki/Danish_East_India_Company" title="Danish East India Company">Danish East India Company</a> arrived on the Nicobar Islands on 12 December 1755.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1756, the Nicobar Islands were made into a Danish colony, first named <i>Nye Danmark</i> (New Denmark) and later <i>Frederiksøerne</i> (Frederick's Islands).<sup id="cite_ref-Haensel_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haensel-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands were managed from the Danish colony of <a href="/wiki/Tharangambadi" title="Tharangambadi">Tranquebar</a> in the Indian mainland. However, various attempts to settle on the islands were unsuccessful due to repeated outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, which led to the death of the colonists.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_tribals_fishing_(c._1870).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Andaman_tribals_fishing_%28c._1870%29.jpg/220px-Andaman_tribals_fishing_%28c._1870%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Andaman_tribals_fishing_%28c._1870%29.jpg/330px-Andaman_tribals_fishing_%28c._1870%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Andaman_tribals_fishing_%28c._1870%29.jpg/440px-Andaman_tribals_fishing_%28c._1870%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Andamanese fishing (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1778 and 1783, <a href="/wiki/William_Bolts" title="William Bolts">William Bolts</a> tried to establish an <a href="/wiki/Austrian_colonisation_of_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian colonisation of Nicobar Islands">Austrian colony</a> on the Nicobar islands, mistakenly assuming that the Danish had abandoned the claims to the islands, renaming them <i>Theresa Islands</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1789, the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British</a> colonised the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman islands">Andaman islands</a> to set up a <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a> and establish a <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaidik_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaidik-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1794, a first batch of 100 prisoners were sent to the island but the settlement was abandoned in 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaidik_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaidik-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1858, the British established a colony near <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1864 and 1868, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> tried to buy the island from the Danish. On 16 October 1868, the Danish sold the rights to the Nicobar islands to the British, which was made part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1872, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were united under a single command and administered by a chief commissioner based out of Port Blair. The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a> started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The jail was used to house <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence movement">independence activists</a> away from the Indian mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Japanese occupation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands,_1945_SE5438.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands%2C_1945_SE5438.jpg/180px-The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands%2C_1945_SE5438.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands%2C_1945_SE5438.jpg/270px-The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands%2C_1945_SE5438.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands%2C_1945_SE5438.jpg/360px-The_British_Occupation_of_the_Nicobar_Islands%2C_1945_SE5438.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> to Lt.Col. <a href="/wiki/Nathu_Singh_Rathore" title="Nathu Singh Rathore">Nathu Singh</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput Regiment</a> in 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the islands were invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> as a part of their attack on the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allies</a> in 1942. Port Blair was captured by the Japanese on 23 March 1942 and established control over the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Klemen_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klemen-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provisional control was passed on to the <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a> of <a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a> on 29 December 1943, based on the understanding with the Japanese with the islands renamed as <i>Shaheed-Dweep</i> (Martyr Island) and <i>Swaraj-dweep</i> (Self-rule Island).<sup id="cite_ref-Japan_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bose appointed General <a href="/wiki/A._D._Loganathan" title="A. D. Loganathan">A. D. Loganathan</a> as the governor of the islands, who had limited power while the real control of the islands remained with the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-Japan_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the years under Japanese occupation, there have been reports of widespread <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looting</a>, arson, rape and <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extra judicial killings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Japan_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Red_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Red-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local people were often killed on trivial matters with the largest being the <a href="/wiki/Homfreyganj_massacre" title="Homfreyganj massacre">Homfreyganj massacre</a> on 30 January 1944, where 44 local civilians were shot by the Japanese on suspicion of spying.<sup id="cite_ref-Red_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Red-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese Vice Admiral Teizo Hara and Major-General Tamenori Sato surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathu_Singh_Rathore" title="Nathu Singh Rathore">Nathu Singh</a>, the commanding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput Regiment</a> on 15 August 1945, on board the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> warship HMS Sandbar and the territory was officially handed back over to the British to Brigadier J. A. Salomons, commander of <a href="/wiki/116th_Indian_Infantry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="116th Indian Infantry Brigade">116th Indian Infantry Brigade</a>, and Chief Administrator Noel Patterson, in a ceremony performed at the Gymkhana Ground in Port Blair on 7 October 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_independence">Post independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, the British announced their intention to retain possession of the islands and use them to resettle <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indians">Anglo-Indians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Anglo-Burmese</a> on these islands. The islands were claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> for India and the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_League_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim League (Pakistan)">Muslim League</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> during the partition negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence Act, 1947">Indian Independence</a> in 1947, the islands became part of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a>. As per the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, the Islands were designated as the only part D territory in 1950, to be administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands were later used to resettle people displaced during the partition with a substantial number of displaced immigrants establishing agricultural colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands became a separate <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> administered by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act,_1956" title="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">re-organization</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_Commission_Report-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have been developed into a key defence establishment since the 1980 due to its strategic location in the Bay of Bengal across the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 December 2004, the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar islands experienced 10 m (33 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> waves following <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">an undersea earthquake in the Indian Ocean</a> which resulted in more than 2,000 casualties, 46,000 injuries and rendering at least 40,000 homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locals and tourists on the islands suffered the greatest casualties while the indigenous people largely survived unscathed due to movement to high grounds following the oral traditions passed down over generations that warned them to <a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">evacuate</a> following earthquakes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg/135px-Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg/203px-Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg/270px-Map_of_Nicobar_and_Andaman_Islands-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption>Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory consists of 836 <a href="/wiki/Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands">islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islets" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets">islets</a> occupying an area of 8,249 km<sup>2</sup> (3,185 sq mi), of which only 31 are permanently inhabited.<sup id="cite_ref-UT_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands extend from 6° to 14° North <a href="/wiki/Latitudes" class="mw-redirect" title="Latitudes">latitudes</a> and from 92° to 94° East <a href="/wiki/Longitudes" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitudes">longitudes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are grouped into the north Andaman islands and south Nicobar islands, separated by the 150 km (93 mi) wide <a href="/wiki/Ten_Degree_Channel" title="Ten Degree Channel">Ten Degree Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UT_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Andamans cover an area of 6,408 km<sup>2</sup> (2,474 sq mi) while the Nicobar group covers an area of 1,841 km<sup>2</sup> (711 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-UT_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest point is the <a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)">Saddle Peak</a> at 737 m (2,418 ft), located in North Andaman Island.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barren_Volcano,_Barren_Island,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands,_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Barren_Volcano%2C_Barren_Island%2C_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands%2C_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png/180px-Barren_Volcano%2C_Barren_Island%2C_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands%2C_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Barren_Volcano%2C_Barren_Island%2C_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands%2C_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png/270px-Barren_Volcano%2C_Barren_Island%2C_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands%2C_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Barren_Volcano%2C_Barren_Island%2C_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands%2C_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png/360px-Barren_Volcano%2C_Barren_Island%2C_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands%2C_India%E2%80%94Cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barren_Island_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Barren Island (Andaman Islands)">Barren Island</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Active_volcano" title="Active volcano">active volcano</a> in India</figcaption></figure> <p>The northernmost point of the islands is 901 km (560 mi) away from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_River" title="Hooghly River">Hooghly River</a> in the Indian mainland. The territory shares <a href="/wiki/Maritime_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime border">maritime borders</a> with <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> located about 165 km (103 mi) to the south, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> located 280 km (170 mi) to the north-east and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> located 650 km (400 mi) to the south-east.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indira Point, the southernmost point of India, is located at 6°45'10″N and 93°49'36″E at the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Great_Nicobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Nicobar">Great Nicobar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital and largest city is Port Blair (officially <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vijaya_Puram" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Vijaya Puram">Sri Vijaya Puram</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), located 1,190 km (740 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and 1,255 km (780 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> on the Indian mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_Commission_Report-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barren_Island_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Barren Island (Andaman Islands)">Barren Island</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Active_volcano" title="Active volcano">active volcano</a> in India, is located in the Andaman Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands have a 1,962 km (1,219 mi) long coast-line.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The topography of the territory varies significantly across various islands. The islands may have sandy, rocky <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> or marshy beaches on the coastlines and might be surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Shoals" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoals">shoals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Topo_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topo-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The altitude varies significantly from completely flat islands to gradually raising topography from the coast to the interior in larger islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Topo_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topo-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are generally surrounded by shallow seas of varying depths in the vicinity with some deep natural bays occurring along certain coasts.<sup id="cite_ref-Topo_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topo-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have a moderate temperature around the year with the average ranging from 23 °C to 31 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a> with warm summers and not so chill winters.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rainfall is dependent on the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclones</a> are common in late summer.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_birds_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Havelock_Island,_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest,_Andaman_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Havelock_Island%2C_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/220px-Havelock_Island%2C_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Havelock_Island%2C_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/330px-Havelock_Island%2C_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Havelock_Island%2C_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg/440px-Havelock_Island%2C_Canopy_of_tropical_moist_evergreen_forest%2C_Andaman_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Tropical <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Evergreen forests">evergreen forests</a> in the interior of the islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The islands have <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a> interspersed with marshes, <a href="/wiki/Coconut_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut tree">coconut trees</a> or dispersed bushy vegetation along the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Topo_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topo-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are twelve types of forests that occur in the islands including <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_forest" title="Evergreen forest">evergreen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous forest">deciduous</a>, mangrove, <a href="/wiki/Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral">littoral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montane_ecosystems" title="Montane ecosystems">sub-montane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> forests.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/North_Andaman" class="mw-redirect" title="North Andaman">North Andaman</a> is characterised by wet evergreen forests with <a href="/wiki/Climbing_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing plants">climbing plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Andaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Andaman">Middle Andaman</a> has moist deciduous forests and <a href="/wiki/South_Andaman" class="mw-redirect" title="South Andaman">South Andaman</a> islands have <a href="/wiki/Epiphytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphytic">epiphytic</a> vegetation, mostly <a href="/wiki/Ferns" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferns">ferns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Nicobar islands are mostly barren with <a href="/wiki/Grasslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Grasslands">grasslands</a> while evergreen forests form the dominant vegetation in the central and southern islands of the Nicobar group.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forest coverage is estimated to be 86.2% of the total land area with about 2,200 varieties of plants of which 200 are endemic and 1,300 do not occur in mainland India.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 200 species used for timber.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg/220px-Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg/330px-Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg/440px-Elephant_at_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephants</a> were introduced in the 19th century to move timber</figcaption></figure> <p>There are more than 8300 species of fauna of which 1117 are endemic to the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Fauna_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauna-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are about 64 species of reptiles of which half of them are endemic to the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Fauna_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauna-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the larger species were introduced by colonists and travellers, some of which became <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> due to their prolonged isolation. There are about 55 mammal species of which 32 are endemic with 26 species of rats and 14 species of bats, the most among the mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bio_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> can be found in forested or mountainous areas of the islands, which were originally introduced from the mainland to help with the timber extraction in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endangered and critically endangered species endemic to the islands include the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_White-toothed_Shrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman White-toothed Shrew">Andaman white-toothed shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Spiny_Shrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman Spiny Shrew">Andaman spiny shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenkin%27s_Shrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkin's Shrew">Jenkin's shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_shrew" title="Nicobar shrew">Nicobar spiny shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Tree_Shrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicobar Tree Shrew">Nicobar tree shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miller%27s_Nicobar_rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller's Nicobar rat">Miller's Nicobar rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_rat" title="Palm rat">Palm rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andaman_teal" title="Andaman teal">Andaman teal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_scops_owl" title="Nicobar scops owl">Nicobar scops owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andaman_boobook" title="Andaman boobook">Andaman boobook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minervarya_charlesdarwini" title="Minervarya charlesdarwini">Darwin's eastern frog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fauna_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauna-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other large fauna include <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotted deer">Spotted deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barking_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Barking deer">Barking deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar deer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg/220px-Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg/330px-Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg/440px-Nicobar_Pigeon_820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_pigeon" title="Nicobar pigeon">Nicobar pigeon</a>, the closest living relative to the extinct <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">Dodo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are about 270 species of birds in the islands of which 90 are endemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Fauna_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauna-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands' <a href="/wiki/Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves">caves</a> are nesting grounds for the <a href="/wiki/Edible-nest_swiftlet" title="Edible-nest swiftlet">Edible-nest swiftlet</a>, whose nests are prized for <a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_nest_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird's nest soup">bird's nest soup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands serve as an intermediate resting site for birds such as <a href="/wiki/Horsfield%27s_bronze_cuckoo" title="Horsfield's bronze cuckoo">Horsfield's bronze cuckoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zappey%27s_flycatcher" title="Zappey's flycatcher">Zappey's flycatcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javan_pond_heron" title="Javan pond heron">Javan pond heron</a> during long distance <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migrations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_pigeon" title="Nicobar pigeon">Nicobar pigeon</a> found in the islands is the closest living relative to the extinct <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">Dodo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory is home for about 896 species of winged insects including 225 <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterflies</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-Fauna_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauna-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are more than 1350 species of <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">molluscs</a> and 200 species of <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">corals</a> in the seas surrounding the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larger marine species include <a href="/wiki/Salt_water_crocodile" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt water crocodile">salt water crocodiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dugong" title="Dugong">dugongs</a>, turtles, dolphins and whales.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 1350 species of <a href="/wiki/Fishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishes">fishes</a> including 13 <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-Fauna_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fauna-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are well known for prized <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>, the commercial exploitation of which began in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-UT1_48-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are about nine <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>, 96 <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries">wildlife sanctuaries</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere reserve">biosphere reserve</a> in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bio_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <caption>Official symbols of Andaman and Nicobar<sup id="cite_ref-Symbol_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symbol-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Animal </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dugong" title="Dugong">Dugong</a> (<i>Dugong dugon</i>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dugong.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dugong.JPG/75px-Dugong.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dugong.JPG/113px-Dugong.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dugong.JPG/150px-Dugong.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1974" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bird </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andaman_wood_pigeon" title="Andaman wood pigeon">Andaman wood pigeon</a> (<i>Columba palumboides</i>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg/75px-IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg/113px-IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg/150px-IanthoenasColumboidesSmit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tree </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andaman_padauk" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman padauk">Andaman padauk</a> (<i>Pterocarpus dalbergioides</i>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andeman_padauk_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Andeman_padauk_05.jpg/75px-Andeman_padauk_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Andeman_padauk_05.jpg/113px-Andeman_padauk_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Andeman_padauk_05.jpg/150px-Andeman_padauk_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flower </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lagerstroemia" title="Lagerstroemia">Pyinma</a> (<i>Lagerstroemia hypoleuca</i>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png/75px-Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png/113px-Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png/150px-Lagerstroemia_indica_Blanco1.207.png 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="2089" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,649</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,459</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,086</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,463</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">33,768</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,548</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+105.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">115,133</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+81.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">188,741</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+63.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">280,661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+48.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">356,152</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">380,581</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2019</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">434,192<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UT_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As per the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 census</a>, the population was 380,581, of which 202,871 (53.3%) were males and 177,710 (46.7%) were females.<sup id="cite_ref-Pop_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sex ratio was 878 females per 1,000 males.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were a total of 94,551 households and about 143,488 (37.7%) of the population lived in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Pop_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (69.5%) is the major religion of people of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands followed by Christianity (21.7%) and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (8.5%).<sup id="cite_ref-RL_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Andaman and Nicobar (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-RL_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:69.45%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">69.45%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:21.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">21.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:8.52%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.52%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.75%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.75%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>The Andaman islands were populated by the <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanese peoples">indigenous people</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese" title="Great Andamanese">Great Andamanese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Onge" title="Onge">Onge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jarawas_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Jarawas (Andaman Islands)">Jarawa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sentinelese" title="Sentinelese">Sentinelese</a>) who were isolated and spoke <a href="/wiki/Andamanese_languages" title="Andamanese languages">Andamanese languages</a> for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nicobar islands, which was part of trade routes and was frequented by travellers, were populated by <a href="/wiki/Shompen_people" title="Shompen people">Shompen people</a> before the islands were settled by <a href="/wiki/Nicobarese_people" title="Nicobarese people">Nicobarese people</a>, who spoke <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands include the <a href="/wiki/North_Sentinel_Island" title="North Sentinel Island">North Sentinel Island</a>, home to the Sentinelese people, among the only known <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncontacted people">uncontacted tribe</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the islands were first colonised, the population of the natives were estimated to be around 5,000 and while the population of islands temporarily increased during colonisation, the population saw a massive spike post-1960s due to the policies of the Union Government that encouraged settlers from other parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, the population of indigenous people has drastically dropped and As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it was estimated to consist of 44 Great Andamanese, 380 Jarawas, 101 Onges, 15 Sentinelese and 229 Shompens.<sup id="cite_ref-IT_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IT-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government of India is trying to protect the remnant population by providing access to healthcare facilities, communication and social engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IT_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IT-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Distribution of languages in Andaman and Nicobar (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Language</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:28.49%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">28.49%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#C46210; width:15.20%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">15.20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:13.24%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.24%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:12.91%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.91%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Nicobarese_languages" title="Nicobarese languages">Nicobarese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#F88379; width:7.60%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.60%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:midnightblue; width:7.22%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.22%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Nagpuri_language" title="Nagpuri language">Nagpuri</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: #FDEE00; width:5.53%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.53%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#D0FF14; width:3.96%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.96%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:5.84%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.84%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Andamanese people speak about a dozen endangered Andamanese languages, which belong to two families, <a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese_languages" title="Great Andamanese languages">Great Andamanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ongan_languages" title="Ongan languages">Ongan</a> that are unrelated to each other or to any other language group.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two unattested languages: <a href="/wiki/Sentinelese_language" title="Sentinelese language">Sentinelese</a>, spoken by Sentinelese people, who refuse contact with outsiders, which might be related to Ongan as per <a href="/wiki/Anvita_Abbi" title="Anvita Abbi">Anvita Abbi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jangil" title="Jangil">Jangil</a>, which became extinct in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indigenous to the Nicobar Islands are the <a href="/wiki/Shompen_language" title="Shompen language">Shompen language</a>, spoken by Shompen people and the five <a href="/wiki/Nicobarese_languages" title="Nicobarese languages">Nicobarese languages</a>, which form part of the <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> language family and are spoken by about 29,000 people or 7.6% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lang_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the population, however, are speakers of immigrant languages which include <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (28.5%), <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (15.2%), <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (13.2%), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (12.9%), <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (7.2%). <a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a> (5.5%), and <a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a> (4%).<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is the official language of the region, while English is declared an additional official language for communication purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_and_politics">Administration and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administration and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The islands form a part of the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and is administered by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor (India)">Lieutenant Governor</a> on behalf of the Government of India.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union territory was established in 1956 with a chief commissioner as the head of the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lieutenant Governors of Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Lieutenant Governor</a> replaced the Chief Commissioner as the head of administration. In 1981, a "Pradesh council" with councillors as representatives of the people was constituted to advise the Lieutenant Governor.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory sends one representative to <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Indian Parliament</a> from its <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha constituency">Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha constituency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory is divided into three districts, each headed by a deputy commissioner.<sup id="cite_ref-Dist_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dist-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_High_Court" title="Calcutta High Court">Calcutta High Court</a> has jurisdiction over the islands with a permanent seat at Port Blair.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Districts of Andaman and Nicobar<sup id="cite_ref-Dist_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dist-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Capital </th> <th scope="col">Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Population<br />(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-DG_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DG-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">Tehsils</a><sup id="cite_ref-DG_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DG-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/North_and_Middle_Andaman_district" title="North and Middle Andaman district">North and Middle Andaman</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayabunder" title="Mayabunder">Mayabunder</a> </td> <td align="right">3,302 </td> <td align="right">105,597 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diglipur" title="Diglipur">Diglipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayabunder" title="Mayabunder">Mayabunder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangat" title="Rangat">Rangat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/South_Andaman_district" title="South Andaman district">South Andaman</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a> </td> <td align="right">3,106 </td> <td align="right">238,142 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrargunj" title="Ferrargunj">Ferrargunj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Andaman" title="Little Andaman">Little Andaman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_district" title="Nicobar district">Nicobar</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar_Subdivision" title="Car Nicobar Subdivision">Car Nicobar</a> </td> <td align="right">1,841 </td> <td align="right">36,842 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar" title="Car Nicobar">Car Nicobar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancowry_Subdivision" title="Nancowry Subdivision">Nancowry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Nicobar_Subdivision" title="Great Nicobar Subdivision">Great Nicobar</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The indigenous communities have their own system of administration. There are long term settlements known as <i>baraij</i> and short-term settlements known as <i>chang</i>. The coast-dwellers (<i>aryoto</i>) have semi-permanent settlements and the interior groups (<i>eremtaga</i>) dwell on temporary settlements, which enable them to migrate during dry seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">GSDP</a> was <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>103 billion</span> (US$1.2 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-GSDP_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSDP-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agriculture is a major occupation with nearly 50% of the population engaged in the sector.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only about 48,675 hectares (120,280 acres) of land, which is about 6% of the total land area, can be used for agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> is the main food crop, grown in about 20% of the arable land.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the food for consumption is imported from mainland India.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coconut and <a href="/wiki/Arecanut" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecanut">arecanut</a> are the cash crops grown in the Nicobar islands.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other crops include <a href="/wiki/Pulses" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulses">pulses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oilseeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseeds">oilseeds</a>, vegetables like <a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">okra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brinjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brinjal">brinjal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">cucurbit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">radish</a>; <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manilkara_zapota" title="Manilkara zapota">sapota</a>, orange, banana, <a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">guava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Agri_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agri-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rubber, <a href="/wiki/Red_oil" title="Red oil">red oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm (plant)">palm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a> are grown on a limited scale in plantations.<sup id="cite_ref-Agri_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agri-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory has an <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> of more than 0.6 million sq. km, which contributes to the fishing industry. As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the region produced 27,526 tonnes of fish, mostly from marine sector with minor contribution from inland fisheries.<sup id="cite_ref-Agri_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agri-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 1,833 registered small-scale industries with majority being involved in engineering, <a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">woodworking</a> and textiles apart from 21 factories.<sup id="cite_ref-Econ_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Econ-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> District Industries Centre (DIC) is the body responsible for the development of small and medium industries in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Econ_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Econ-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation Limited (ANIIDCO), established in 1988, is responsible for the development and economic growth of the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Econ_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Econ-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Tourism in Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_ross_is.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andaman_ross_is.jpg/220px-Andaman_ross_is.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andaman_ross_is.jpg/330px-Andaman_ross_is.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andaman_ross_is.jpg/440px-Andaman_ross_is.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ross_Island,_South_Andaman_district" title="Ross Island, South Andaman district">Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism is one of the major contributors to the economy of the islands. The islands had more than 400,000 visitors in 2016 with a 94% contribution from domestic tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_81-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, plans to develop facilities in various islands under the National Institute of Transforming India (NITI) Aayog was initiated by Government of India, with the aim of increasing tourist inflows.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CA_81-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign tourists are issued Restricted Area Permits (RAP) which gives access to specific areas with conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While domestic tourists do not require a permit to visit the accessible parts of the islands, the tribal reserves are forbidden and requires special permission for access.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have many beaches due to its long coastline and various <a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">water sports</a> are practised including <a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">kayaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parasailing" title="Parasailing">parasailing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major attractions include the <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a>, Chatham Saw Mill, Forest Museum, Samudrika Naval Marine Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Aquarium, Science Center and Carbyn's cove in Port Blair; Bharatpur, Lakshmanpur and Sitapur beaches in <a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Dweep" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaheed Dweep">Shaheed Dweep</a>; Elephant and Radhanagar beaches in <a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Dweep" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaraj Dweep">Swaraj Dweep</a>; Hudi tikri, Red, Bird and Bat islands, Amkunj beach near Rangat; Dhaninallah mangroves and Karmatang beach near Mayabunder; <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> caves and mud volcanoes near Diglipur; Craggy island and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Island,_South_Andaman_district" title="Ross Island, South Andaman district">Ross</a> & <a href="/wiki/Smith_Island_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Smith Island (Andaman Islands)">Smith islands</a> and various national parks and protected sanctuaries.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg/220px-Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg/330px-Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg/440px-Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport_%E2%80%93_New_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport" title="Veer Savarkar International Airport">Veer Savarkar International Airport</a> is the only major airport in the islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The islands are served by <a href="/wiki/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport" title="Veer Savarkar International Airport">Veer Savarkar International Airport</a> near Port Blair which has regular flights to major cities in India.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport operates as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil enclave">civil enclave</a>, sharing airside facilities with <a href="/wiki/INS_Utkrosh" title="INS Utkrosh">INS Utkrosh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport has a single <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a> of 3,290 m (10,794 ft) in length, with the civilian terminal operated by the <a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a> with air traffic operations managed by the Indian Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a> operates <a href="/wiki/Air_base" title="Air base">air bases</a> of <a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Car Nicobar Air Force Base">Car Nicobar AFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/INS_Kohassa" title="INS Kohassa">INS Kohassa</a>, INS Utkrosh and <a href="/wiki/INS_Baaz" title="INS Baaz">INS Baaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 23 ports along the islands with a major port at <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair_Port" title="Port Blair Port">Port Blair</a> and eight other significant ports including <a href="/wiki/Diglipur" title="Diglipur">Diglipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayabunder" title="Mayabunder">Mayabunder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangat" title="Rangat">Rangat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hut_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Hut Bay">Hut Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar" title="Car Nicobar">Car Nicobar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katchal_Island" title="Katchal Island">Katchal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Bay,_Great_Nicobar" title="Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar">Campbell Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the Government of India proposed the development of a <a href="/wiki/International_Container_Transshipment_Terminal,_Great_Nicobar_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="International Container Transshipment Terminal, Great Nicobar Island">new container ship terminal</a> and an airport at Great Nicobar.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 39 <a href="/wiki/Light_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Light houses">light houses</a> situated across the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 422 km (262 mi) long <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">national highways</a> in the state with the major highway being the 230.7 km (143.4 mi) long <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_4_(India)" title="National Highway 4 (India)">NH 4</a> connecting Port Blair and Diglipur.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power">Power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no single power grid connecting all the islands and independent power houses caters to the power requirements of individual islands.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have an installed power capacity of 68.46 <a href="/wiki/Mega_watt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega watt">MW</a> with majority of the power generated from <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plants</a> and a single <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power">hydroelectric powerplant</a> of 5.25 MW on Kalpong river.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, a new 15 MW <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plant</a> was established in South Andaman with <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="India–Japan relations">Japanese</a> assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commissioned in June 2020, a 10 MW <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station" title="Photovoltaic power station">photovoltaic power station</a> is operated by <a href="/wiki/NLC_India_Limited" title="NLC India Limited">NLC India</a> in Port Blair.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the government proposed additional power plants and infrastructure to be developed in Great Nicobar.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunication">Telecommunication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Telecommunication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> mobile service is provided by various telecom operators in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Till 2020, Internet was provided through <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">satellite links</a> and access was limited. <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Broadband_Network" title="Bharat Broadband Network">Bharat Broadband Network</a> started work on laying <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fiber optic</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">submarine cables</a> connecting the islands with Chennai in December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 August 2020, the undersea <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">optical fibre cable</a> went live, which enabled high-speed broadband connections in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first primary school in the islands was established in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-School_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Independence, 12 schools were functioning on the islands including one high school.<sup id="cite_ref-School_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 428 schools functioning in the islands with a total enrolment of 86,081 students.<sup id="cite_ref-School_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Government_College" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Government College">Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya</a> was the first institute of higher education, established in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Government_College" title="Mahatma Gandhi Government College">Mahatma Gandhi Government College</a> was established in 1990 and is affiliated to <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_University" title="Pondicherry University">Pondicherry University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Government Polytechnic was established in 1984 and the affiliated engineering college, <a href="/wiki/Dr._B._R._Ambedkar_Institute_of_Technology" title="Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute of Technology">Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute of Technology</a> was established in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Law_College" title="Andaman Law College">Andaman Law College</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Law_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Law college">law college</a> in the state, established in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences">Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences</a> was established in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a> refers to the Andaman islands in the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> author <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Gangopadhyay" title="Sunil Gangopadhyay">Sunil Gangopadhyay</a> based the events of one his <a href="/wiki/Kakababu" title="Kakababu">Kakababu</a>-series adventure thriller novels, <i><a href="/wiki/Kakababu#Adventures_of_Kakababu_Sontu" title="Kakababu">Sabuj Dwiper Raja</a></i> (1976), on the islands. In 1979, it was made into a <a href="/wiki/Sabuj_Dwiper_Raja" title="Sabuj Dwiper Raja">film of the same name</a>, shot extensively on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Awards" title="National Film Awards">National Award</a> winning <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Kaalapani" title="Kaalapani">Kaalapani</a></i> was set against backdrop of the <a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Port Blair's Cellular Jail</a> and was extensively shot in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Netflix_original_programming" title="List of Netflix original programming">Netflix Original Series</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kaala_Paani" title="Kaala Paani">Kaala Paani</a></i>, is based on a fictional illness that spreads in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_in_India" title="Coral reefs in India">Coral reefs in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">List of islands of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Projected</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Area-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+l%27%C3%89cole+Fran%C3%A7aise+d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient&rft.atitle=Le+Royaume+De+Srivijaya&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbefeo.1918.5894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43729861%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=C%C5%93d%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43729861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuleBurnell1903" class="citation book cs1">Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQYYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA624">"Nicobar Islands"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hobson-Jobson" title="Hobson-Jobson"><i>Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: J. Murray. pp. <span class="nowrap">624–</span>625. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164807/https://books.google.com/books?id=PQYYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA624">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicobar+Islands&rft.btitle=Hobson-Jobson%3A+A+Glossary+of+Colloquial+Anglo-Indian+Words+and+Phrases%2C+and+of+Kindred+Terms%2C+Etymological%2C+Historical%2C+Geographical+and+Discursive&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E624-%3C%2Fspan%3E625&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Burnell%2C+Arthur+Coke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQYYAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanish_National_ArchivesC._Rise_Hansen2011" class="citation book cs1">Danish National Archives; C. Rise Hansen (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EL77Dk9jyaQC&pg=PA19"><i>Sources of the History of North Africa, Asia and Oceania in Denmark</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-097036-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-097036-4"><bdi>978-3-11-097036-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sources+of+the+History+of+North+Africa%2C+Asia+and+Oceania+in+Denmark&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.isbn=978-3-11-097036-4&rft.au=Danish+National+Archives&rft.au=C.+Rise+Hansen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEL77Dk9jyaQC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haensel-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haensel_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaensel1812" class="citation book cs1">Haensel, John Gottfried (1812). Christian Ignatius Latrobe (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26781"><i>Letters on the Nicobar islands, their natural productions, and the manners, customs, and superstitions of the natives with an account of an attempt made by the Church of the United Brethren, to convert them to Christianity</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519045816/https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26781">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+on+the+Nicobar+islands%2C+their+natural+productions%2C+and+the+manners%2C+customs%2C+and+superstitions+of+the+natives+with+an+account+of+an+attempt+made+by+the+Church+of+the+United+Brethren%2C+to+convert+them+to+Christianity&rft.date=1812&rft.aulast=Haensel&rft.aufirst=John+Gottfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F26781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Scherzer" class="citation book cs1">von Scherzer, Karl Ritter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38462"><i>Narrative of the Circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian Frigate Novara</i></a>. Vol. II. p. 63. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519054326/https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38462">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+Circumnavigation+of+the+Globe+by+the+Austrian+Frigate+Novara&rft.pages=63&rft.aulast=von+Scherzer&rft.aufirst=Karl+Ritter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F38462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaidik-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vaidik_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vaidik_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaidik2010" class="citation book cs1">Vaidik, A. (2010). <i>Imperial Andamans: Colonial Encounter and Island History</i>. 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(1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44137988">"A Historical Study of Euro-Asian Interest in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>29</b>: 60. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44137988">44137988</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519055108/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44137988">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Study+of+Euro-Asian+Interest+in+the+Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=60&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44137988%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=MATHUR%2C+L.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44137988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurthy,_R.V.R.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Murthy, R.V.R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41856271">"Cellular Jail:a Century of Sacrifices"</a>. <i>The Indian Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>67</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">879–</span>888. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856271">41856271</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603044817/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856271">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Cellular+Jail%3Aa+Century+of+Sacrifices&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E879-%3C%2Fspan%3E888&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41856271%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Murthy%2C+R.V.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41856271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/cellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-port-blair-sushil-dasguputa-a7883691.html">"How India's Cellular Jail was integral in the country's fight for freedom"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. 14 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111041305/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/cellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-port-blair-sushil-dasguputa-a7883691.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=How+India%27s+Cellular+Jail+was+integral+in+the+country%27s+fight+for+freedom&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flong_reads%2Fcellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-port-blair-sushil-dasguputa-a7883691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klemen-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klemen_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL1999–2000" class="citation web cs1">L, Klemen (1999–2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181150/https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html">"The capture of Andaman Islands, March 1942"</a>. <i>Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html">the original</a> on 26 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Campaign%3A+The+Dutch+East+Indies+Campaign+1941%E2%80%931942&rft.atitle=The+capture+of+Andaman+Islands%2C+March+1942&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft.aulast=L&rft.aufirst=Klemen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfare.gq%2Fdutcheastindies%2Fandaman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japan-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Japan_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Japan_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Japan_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/the-forgotten-story-of-the-japanese-ruling-over-a-part-of-india-8887379/">"The forgotten story of the Japanese ruling over (a part of) India"</a>. <i>Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=The+forgotten+story+of+the+Japanese+ruling+over+%28a+part+of%29+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fresearch%2Fthe-forgotten-story-of-the-japanese-ruling-over-a-part-of-india-8887379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Red-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Red_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasgupta2002" class="citation book cs1">Dasgupta, Jayant (2002). <i>Japanese in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Red Sun over black Water</i>. Manas Publications. pp. 67, 87, <span class="nowrap">91–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-170-49138-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-170-49138-5"><bdi>978-8-170-49138-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+in+the+Andaman+%26+Nicobar+Islands%3A+Red+Sun+over+black+Water&rft.pages=67%2C+87%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Manas+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-8-170-49138-5&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.aufirst=Jayant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynn2020" class="citation book cs1">Wynn, Stephen (2020). <i>The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan</i>. Pen & Sword Books Limited. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-473-86551-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-473-86551-8"><bdi>978-1-473-86551-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Imperial+Japan&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books+Limited&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-473-86551-8&rft.aulast=Wynn&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurthy2007" class="citation book cs1">Murthy, R. V. R. (2007). <i>Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Geo-political and Strategic Perspective</i>. Northern Book Centre. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-172-11219-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-172-11219-6"><bdi>978-8-172-11219-6</bdi></a>. <q>Muslim league pleaded with the British that Andaman and Nicobar should go to the proposed Pakistan</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands%3A+A+Geo-political+and+Strategic+Perspective&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-8-172-11219-6&rft.aulast=Murthy&rft.aufirst=R.+V.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefridaytimes.com/09-Oct-2020/mr-jinnah-s-bid-for-the-andaman-islands">"Jinnah's bid for Andaman Islands"</a>. <i>Friday Times</i>. 9 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Friday+Times&rft.atitle=Jinnah%27s+bid+for+Andaman+Islands&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefridaytimes.com%2F09-Oct-2020%2Fmr-jinnah-s-bid-for-the-andaman-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">"<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf">Constitution of India</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. 1950<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+India&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in%2Fs380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F05%2F2023050195.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/bengali-settlers-andaman-islands-performance-homeland">"Bengali settlers in the Andaman Islands: the performance of homeland"</a>. <i>IIAS Asia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200953/https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/bengali-settlers-andaman-islands-performance-homeland">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IIAS+Asia&rft.atitle=Bengali+settlers+in+the+Andaman+Islands%3A+the+performance+of+homeland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iias.asia%2Fthe-newsletter%2Farticle%2Fbengali-settlers-andaman-islands-performance-homeland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planning_Commission_Report-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planning_Commission_Report_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_Commission_of_India2008" class="citation book cs1">Planning Commission of India (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC"><i>Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report</i></a>. State Development Report series (illustrated ed.). Academic Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-652-4"><bdi>978-81-7188-652-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands+Development+Report&rft.series=State+Development+Report+series&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-652-4&rft.au=Planning+Commission+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dujf2N5O4iKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Brewster" class="citation book cs1">David Brewster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7716140"><i>India's Defense Strategy and the India-ASEAN Relationship, RSIS Monograph No.28</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031701/https://www.academia.edu/7716140">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Defense+Strategy+and+the+India-ASEAN+Relationship%2C+RSIS+Monograph+No.28&rft.au=David+Brewster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F7716140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawhney2019" class="citation news cs1">Sawhney, Pravin (30 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/a-watchtower-on-the-high-seas/720929.html">"A watchtower on the high seas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)">The Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416050217/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/a-watchtower-on-the-high-seas/720929.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=A+watchtower+on+the+high+seas&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft.aulast=Sawhney&rft.aufirst=Pravin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fcomment%2Fa-watchtower-on-the-high-seas%2F720929.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Strand_and_John_Masek2007" class="citation book cs1">Carl Strand and John Masek, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024115815/http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511"><i>Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 6, 2004: Lifeline Performance</i></a>. Reston, VA: ASCE, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780784409510" title="Special:BookSources/9780784409510"><bdi>9780784409510</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511">the original</a> on 24 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumatra-Andaman+Islands+Earthquake+and+Tsunami+of+December+6%2C+2004%3A+Lifeline+Performance&rft.place=Reston%2C+VA&rft.pub=ASCE%2C+Technical+Council+on+Lifeline+Earthquake+Engineering&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780784409510&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asce.org%2FProduct.aspx%3Fid%3D2147486137%26productid%3D5511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4181855.stm">"Tsunami folklore 'saved islanders'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930002820/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4181855.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tsunami+folklore+%27saved+islanders%27&rft.date=2005-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4181855.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UT-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UT_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UT_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UT_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UT_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201173150/https://www.andaman.gov.in/about">"UT Profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andaman.gov.in/about">the original</a> on 1 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UT+Profile&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andaman.gov.in%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/a%20&%20n%20islands.pdf">"Brief Industrial Profile of Andaman and Nicobar Islands"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of India Ministry of M.S.M.E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106072349/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/A%20%26%20N%20Islands.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+Industrial+Profile+of+Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands&rft.pub=Government+of+India+Ministry+of+M.S.M.E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdcmsme.gov.in%2Fdips%2Fa%2520%26%2520n%2520islands.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Saddle-Peak">"Saddle peak"</a>. Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=It%27s+2018%2C+but+still+tough+to+get+online+in+the+Andamans&rft.date=2018-02-17&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Sridhar&rft.aufirst=Lalitha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fother-states%2Fits-2018-but-still-tough-to-get-online-in-the-andamans%2Farticle22785543.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/pm-modi-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-fast-speed-internet-will-depend-on-a-2300-kilometer-long-fiber-optic-cable/articleshow/77460772.cms">"Andaman and Nicobar islands' fast-speed internet will depend on a 2,300 kilometer-long fiber optic cable"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416115653/https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/pm-modi-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-fast-speed-internet-will-depend-on-a-2300-kilometer-long-fiber-optic-cable/articleshow/77460772.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+islands%27+fast-speed+internet+will+depend+on+a+2%2C300+kilometer-long+fiber+optic+cable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Ftech%2Fnews%2Fpm-modi-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-fast-speed-internet-will-depend-on-a-2300-kilometer-long-fiber-optic-cable%2Farticleshow%2F77460772.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/bsnl-to-enhance-bandwidth-400-times-in-andaman-and-nicobar-island-in-2-years/1221457/">"BSNL to enhance bandwidth 400 times in Andaman and Nicobar island in 2 years"</a>. <i>Financial Express</i>. 26 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184401/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/bsnl-to-enhance-bandwidth-400-times-in-andaman-and-nicobar-island-in-2-years/1221457/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Express&rft.atitle=BSNL+to+enhance+bandwidth+400+times+in+Andaman+and+Nicobar+island+in+2+years&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Findustry%2Fbsnl-to-enhance-bandwidth-400-times-in-andaman-and-nicobar-island-in-2-years%2F1221457%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pm-modi-inaugurates-chennai-andaman-nicobar-submarine-optical-cable-project/articleshow/77456251.cms">"PM Modi inaugurates Chennai-Andaman & Nicobar submarine optical cable project"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 10 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811064333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pm-modi-inaugurates-chennai-andaman-nicobar-submarine-optical-cable-project/articleshow/77456251.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=PM+Modi+inaugurates+Chennai-Andaman+%26+Nicobar+submarine+optical+cable+project&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Findia-business%2Fpm-modi-inaugurates-chennai-andaman-nicobar-submarine-optical-cable-project%2Farticleshow%2F77456251.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-School-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-School_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-School_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-School_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.andaman.gov.in/History.aspx">"History of education"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=Andaman+Law+college&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollegeadmission.andaman.gov.in%2Fimages%2Flaw.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andssw1.and.nic.in/aniims/pages/AboutUS.html">"About us"</a>. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands+Institute+of+Medical+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandssw1.and.nic.in%2Faniims%2Fpages%2FAboutUS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2012" class="citation news cs1">Hill, David (31 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-wild-people-as-tourist-stops/article3263326.ece">"The 'wild' people as tourist stops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225080305/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-wild-people-as-tourist-stops/article3263326.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+%27wild%27+people+as+tourist+stops&rft.date=2012-03-31&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fop-ed%2Fthe-wild-people-as-tourist-stops%2Farticle3263326.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdeseInnes2021" class="citation book cs1">Adese, Jennifer; Innes, Robert Alexander (9 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBYjEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sabuj+Dwiper+Raja+andaman+and+nicobar+islands&pg=PA185"><i>Indigenous Celebrity: Entanglements with Fame</i></a>. University of Manitoba Press. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-922-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-922-8"><bdi>978-0-88755-922-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407071442/https://books.google.com/books?id=BBYjEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sabuj+Dwiper+Raja+andaman+and+nicobar+islands&pg=PA185">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indigenous+Celebrity%3A+Entanglements+with+Fame&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-922-8&rft.aulast=Adese&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Innes%2C+Robert+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBYjEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DSabuj%2BDwiper%2BRaja%2Bandaman%2Band%2Bnicobar%2Bislands%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortuza2019" class="citation news cs1">Mortuza, Shamsad (21 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/black-water-and-the-bengali-fear-seafaring-1690288">"On Black Water and the Bengali Fear of Seafaring"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404133216/https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/black-water-and-the-bengali-fear-seafaring-1690288">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=On+Black+Water+and+the+Bengali+Fear+of+Seafaring&rft.date=2019-01-21&rft.aulast=Mortuza&rft.aufirst=Shamsad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fin-focus%2Fnews%2Fblack-water-and-the-bengali-fear-seafaring-1690288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/features/2020/04/09/kalapani-movie-24-years-special-article.html">"Kalapani movie, 25 years"</a>. <i>ManoramaOnline</i> (in Malayalam). 9 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121074220/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/features/2020/04/09/kalapani-movie-24-years-special-article.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ManoramaOnline&rft.atitle=Kalapani+movie%2C+25+years&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manoramaonline.com%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2F2020%2F04%2F09%2Fkalapani-movie-24-years-special-article.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhurana2023" class="citation news cs1">Khurana, Ankur (18 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/kaala-paani/season-1/seasonreview/104490160.cms">"Kaala Paani Season 1 Review : A well-acted and intriguing survival drama"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Kaala+Paani+Season+1+Review+%3A+A+well-acted+and+intriguing+survival+drama&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.aulast=Khurana&rft.aufirst=Ankur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fweb-series%2Freviews%2Fhindi%2Fkaala-paani%2Fseason-1%2Fseasonreview%2F104490160.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndaman+and+Nicobar+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Template:Andaman and Nicobar Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Template talk:Andaman and Nicobar Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andaman and Nicobar Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x20px_Union_territory_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/30px-Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/45px-Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png/60px-Banner_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Union territory</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dugong" title="Dugong">Dugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andaman_wood_pigeon" title="Andaman wood pigeon">Andaman wood pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lagerstroemia_speciosa" title="Lagerstroemia speciosa">Queen Crepe Myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_dalbergioides" title="Pterocarpus dalbergioides">Andaman Redwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="List of lieutenant governors of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Lieutenant governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)">Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Tourism in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_India" title="Danish India">Danish India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">Japanese Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_Jail" title="Cellular Jail">Cellular Jail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Nicobar_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve">Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galathea_National_Park" title="Galathea National Park">Galathea National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Bay_National_Park" title="Campbell Bay National Park">Campbell Bay National Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Marine_National_Park" title="Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park">Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Button_Island_National_Park" title="Middle Button Island National Park">Middle Button Island National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Harriet_National_Park" title="Mount Harriet National Park">Mount Harriet National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Button_Island_National_Park" title="North Button Island National Park">North Button Island National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_Jhansi_Marine_National_Park" title="Rani Jhansi Marine National Park">Rani Jhansi Marine National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_National_Park" title="Saddle Peak National Park">Saddle Peak National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Button_Island_National_Park" title="South Button Island National Park">South Button Island National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peaks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Peak_(Andaman_Islands)" title="Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)">Saddle Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Thullier" title="Mount Thullier">Mount Thullier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_and_Middle_Andaman_district" title="North and Middle Andaman district">North and Middle Andaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Andaman_district" title="South Andaman district">South Andaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_district" title="Nicobar district">Nicobar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andamanese_languages" title="Andamanese languages">Andamanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Andamanese_languages" title="Great Andamanese languages">Great Andamanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongan_languages" title="Ongan languages">Ongan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicobarese_languages" title="Nicobarese languages">Nicobarese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Savarkar_International_Airport" title="Veer Savarkar International Airport">Port Blair Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Car Nicobar Air Force Base">Car Nicobar Air Force Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_union_territories_of_India446" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template talk:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_union_territories_of_India446" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Indian_regions" title="Category:Historical Indian regions">Historical Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_British_India" title="Category:Presidencies of British India">British Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_South_Asia123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template talk:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_South_Asia123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">Eastern Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains_(Bhutan)" title="Black Mountains (Bhutan)">Black Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundwa_Range" title="Dundwa Range">Dundwa Range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Great Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalayan_Range" title="Lower Himalayan Range">Lesser Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Himalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Himalayas">Tibetan Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayas" title="Western Himalayas">Western Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal Range">Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_Himalaya" title="Kishtwar Himalaya">Kishtwar Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Range" title="Ladakh Range">Ladakh Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_Range" title="Zanskar Range">Zanskar Range</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Kakar_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Toba Kakar Range">Toba Kakar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambanad_Hills" title="Ambanad Hills">Ambanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaimalai_Hills" title="Anaimalai Hills">Anaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Biligiriranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Hills" title="Cardamom Hills">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountains" title="Nilgiri Mountains">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satmala_Range" title="Satmala Range">Satmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbari_Range" title="Selbari Range">Selbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills" title="Palani Hills">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peaks_in_the_Western_Ghats" title="List of peaks in the Western Ghats">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumoorthy_hills" title="Thirumoorthy hills">Thirumoorthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Range" title="Trimbakeshwar Range">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Bilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhamalai" title="Bodhamalai">Bodhamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitteri_Hills" title="Chitteri Hills">Chitteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erramala" title="Erramala">Erramala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhamardan_Hills" title="Gandhamardan Hills">Gandhamardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javadi_Hills" title="Javadi Hills">Javadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalrayan_Hills" title="Kalrayan Hills">Kalrayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolli_Hills" title="Kolli Hills">Kolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallamala_Hills" title="Nallamala Hills">Nallamalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyamgiri" title="Niyamgiri">Niyamgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachaimalai_Hills" title="Pachaimalai Hills">Pachaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palkonda_Hills" title="Palkonda Hills">Palkonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhachalam_Hill_Range" title="Simhachalam Hill Range">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servarayan_Hills" title="Servarayan Hills">Servarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirumalai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirumalai Hills">Sirumalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velikonda_Range" title="Velikonda Range">Velikonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravalli_Range" title="Aravalli Range">Aravalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal_Range" title="Purvanchal Range">Purvanchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plateaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lowlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges-Brahmaputra_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta">Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plain" title="Punjab Plain">Punjab Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Basin" title="Indus Basin">Indus Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Delta">Indus Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coastal India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast of India">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast of India">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water-bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majuli" title="Majuli">Majuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamban_Island" title="Pamban Island">Pamban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atolls_of_the_Maldives" title="Atolls of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central South Asia">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_South_Asia" title="Littoral South Asia">Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island South Asia">Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_South_Asia" title="Northern South Asia">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Asia" title="Eastern South Asia">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_South_Asia" title="Southern South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern South Asia">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern South Asia">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40888#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1512" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40888#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40888#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137809323">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212305/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4379428-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81023398">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120061574">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120061574">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Andamany a Nikobary (Indie : souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128664&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552880405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/efacd46e-bcd2-4d29-9dcd-e36d8ff9348d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028173147">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span 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