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ruthenium</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ruthenium"> <meta name="keywords" content="ruthenium"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ruthenium"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 35</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ruthenium</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> A Density Functional Theory Study of Metal-Porphyrin Graphene for CO2 Hydration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju%20Verma">Manju Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parag%20A.%20Deshpande"> Parag A. Deshpande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic structure calculations of hydrogen terminated metal-porphyrin graphene were carried out to explore the catalytic activity for CO2 hydration reaction. A ruthenium atom was substituted in place of carbon atom of graphene and ruthenium chelated carbon atoms were replaced by four nitrogen atoms in metal-porphyrin graphene system. Ruthenium atom created the active site for CO2 hydration reaction. Ruthenium-porphyrin graphene followed the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase enzyme for CO2 conversion to HCO3- ion. CO2 hydration reaction over ruthenium-porphyrin graphene proceeded via the elementary steps: OH- formation from H2O dissociation, CO2 bending in presence of nucleophilic attack of OH- ion, HCO3- ion formation from proton migration, HCO3- ion desorption by H2O addition. Proton transfer to yield HCO3- ion was observed as a rate limiting step from free energy landscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium-porphyrin%20graphene" title="ruthenium-porphyrin graphene">ruthenium-porphyrin graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20hydration" title=" CO2 hydration"> CO2 hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonic%20anhydrase" title=" carbonic anhydrase"> carbonic anhydrase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalyst" title=" heterogeneous catalyst"> heterogeneous catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60222/a-density-functional-theory-study-of-metal-porphyrin-graphene-for-co2-hydration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Ruthenium Based Nanoscale Contact Coatings for Magnetically Controlled MEMS Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20M.%20Karabanov">Sergey M. Karabanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Suvorov"> Dmitry V. Suvorov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetically controlled microelectromechanical system (MCMEMS) switches is one of the directions in the field of micropower switching technology. MCMEMS switches are a promising alternative to Hall sensors and reed switches. The most important parameter for MCMEMS is the contact resistance, which should have a minimum value and is to be stable for the entire duration of service life. The value and stability of the contact resistance is mainly determined by the contact coating material. This paper presents the research results of a contact coating based on nanoscale ruthenium films obtained by electrolytic deposition. As a result of the performed investigations, the deposition modes of ruthenium films are chosen, the regularities of the contact resistance change depending on the number of contact switching, and the coating roughness are established. It is shown that changing the coating roughness makes it possible to minimize the contact resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20resistance" title="contact resistance">contact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20coating" title=" electrode coating"> electrode coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolytic%20deposition" title=" electrolytic deposition"> electrolytic deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetically%20controlled%20MEMS" title=" magnetically controlled MEMS"> magnetically controlled MEMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99675/ruthenium-based-nanoscale-contact-coatings-for-magnetically-controlled-mems-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Development of Catalyst, Incorporating Phosphinite Ligands, for Transfer Hydrogenation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Assylbekova">S. Assylbekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Zolotareva"> D. Zolotareva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dauletbakov"> A. Dauletbakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye.%20Belyankova"> Ye. Belyankova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bayazit"> S. Bayazit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Basharimova"> A. Basharimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zazybin"> A. Zazybin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Isimberlenova"> A. Isimberlenova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kakimova"> A. Kakimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aydemir"> M. Aydemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kairullinova"> A. Kairullinova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transfer hydrogenation (TH) is a key process in organic chemistry, especially in pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis, offering a safer and more sustainable approach compared to traditional methods. This work is devoted to the synthesis and use of ruthenium catalysts containing phosphinite ligands in TH reactions. Ruthenium complexes are particularly noteworthy for their effectiveness in asymmetric TH. Their stability and adaptability to different reaction environments make them ideal for both laboratory-scale and industrial applications. Phosphinite ligands (P(OR)R'2) are used in the synthesis of complexes to improve their properties. These ligands are known for their ability to finely tune the electronic and steric properties of metal centers. The electron-donating nature of the phosphorus atom, combined with the variability in the R and R' groups, allows for significant customization of the catalyst's properties. The purpose and difference of the work is to study the incorporation of a hydrophilic ionic liquid into the composition of a phosphinite ligand, which will then be converted into a catalyst. The technique involves the synthesis of a phosphinite ligand with an ionic liquid at room temperature under an inert atmosphere and then a ruthenium complex. Next, the TH reactions of acetophenone and its derivatives are carried out using the resulting catalyst. The conversion of ketone to alcohol is analyzed using a gas chromatograph. This study contributes to the understanding of the influence of catalyst physico-chemical properties on transfer hydrogenation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20hydrogenation" title="transfer hydrogenation">transfer hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysts" title=" catalysts"> catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphinite%20ligands" title=" phosphinite ligands"> phosphinite ligands</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185905/development-of-catalyst-incorporating-phosphinite-ligands-for-transfer-hydrogenation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Biomolecular Interaction of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Harun">S. N. Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ahmad"> H. Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of ruthenium(II) complexes, including two novel compounds [Ru(dppz)2(L)]2+ where dppz = dipyrido-[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]phenazine, and L = 2-phenylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (PIP) or 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (p-HPIP) have been synthesized and characterized. The previously reported complexes [Ru(bpy)2L]2+ and [Ru(phen)2L]2+ were also prepared. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ESI-Mass spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. The photophysical properties were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ and [Ru(dppz)2(p-HPIP)]2+ displayed ‘molecular light-switch’ effect as they have high emission in acetonitrile but no emission in water. The cytotoxicity of all complexes against cancer cell lines Hela and MCF-7 were investigated through standard MTT assay. [Ru(dppz)2(PIP)]2+ showed moderate toxicity on both MCF-7 and Hela with IC50 of 37.64 µM and 28.02 µM, respectively. Interestingly, [Ru(dppz)2(p-HPIP)]2+ exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity results with IC50 of 13.52 µM on Hela and 11.63 µM on MCF-7 cell lines which are comparable to the infamous anti-cancer drug, cisplatin. The cytotoxicity of this complex series increased as the ligands size extended in order of [Ru(bpy)2(L)]2+ < [Ru(phen)2(L)]2+ < [Ru(dppz)2(L)]2+. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title="ruthenium">ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20light-switch" title=" molecular light-switch"> molecular light-switch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticancer" title=" anticancer"> anticancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41780/biomolecular-interaction-of-rutheniumii-polypyridyl-complexes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Modified Gold Screen Printed Electrode with Ruthenium Complex for Selective Detection of Porcine DNA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Aishah%20Hasbullah">Siti Aishah Hasbullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on identification of pork content in food have grown rapidly to meet the Halal food standard in Malaysia. The used mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) approaches for the identification of pig species is thought to be the most precise marker due to the mtDNA genes are present in thousands of copies per cell, the large variability of mtDNA. The standard method commonly used for DNA detection is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method combined with gel electrophoresis but has major drawback. Its major drawbacks are laborious, need longer time and toxic to handle. Therefore, the need for simplicity and fast assay of DNA is vital and has triggered us to develop DNA biosensors for porcine DNA detection. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop electrochemical DNA biosensor based on ruthenium (II) complex, [Ru(bpy)2(p-PIP)]2+ as DNA hybridization label. The interaction of DNA and [Ru(bpy)2(p-HPIP)]2+ will be studied by electrochemical transduction using Gold Screen-Printed Electrode (GSPE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and succinimide acrylic microspheres. The electrochemical detection by redox active ruthenium (II) complex was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results indicate that the interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(PIP)]2+ with hybridization complementary DNA has higher response compared to single-stranded and mismatch complementary DNA. Under optimized condition, this porcine DNA biosensor incorporated modified GSPE shows good linear range towards porcine DNA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title="gold">gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20printed%20electrode" title=" screen printed electrode"> screen printed electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcine%20DNA" title=" porcine DNA"> porcine DNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68407/modified-gold-screen-printed-electrode-with-ruthenium-complex-for-selective-detection-of-porcine-dna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Preparation of Catalyst-Doped TiO2 Nanotubes by Single Step Anodization and Potential Shock </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeonseok%20Yoo">Hyeonseok Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiseok%20Oh"> Kiseok Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsub%20Choi"> Jinsub Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Titanium oxide nanotubes have attracted great attention because of its photocatalytic activity and large surface area. For enhancing electrochemical properties, catalysts should be doped into the structure because titanium oxide nanotubes themselves have low electroconductivity and catalytic activity. It has been reported that Ru and Ir doped titanium oxide electrodes exhibit high efficiency and low overpotential in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for water splitting. In general, titanium oxide nanotubes with high aspect ratio cannot be easily doped by conventional complex methods. Herein, two types of facile routes, namely single step anodization and potential shock, for Ru doping into high aspect ratio titanium oxide nanotubes are introduced in detail. When single step anodization was carried out, stability of electrodes were increased. However, onset potential was shifted to anodic direction. On the other hand, when high potential shock voltage was applied, a large amount of ruthenium/ruthenium oxides were doped into titanium oxide nanotubes and thick barrier oxide layers were formed simultaneously. Regardless of doping routes, ruthenium/ ruthenium oxides were homogeneously doped into titanium oxide nanotubes. In spite of doping routes, doping in aqueous solution generally led to incorporate high amount of Ru in titanium oxide nanotubes, compared to that in non-aqueous solution. The amounts of doped catalyst were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optimum condition for water splitting was investigated in terms of the amount of doped Ru and thickness of barrier oxide layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title="doping">doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20shock" title=" potential shock"> potential shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20step%20anodization" title=" single step anodization"> single step anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20oxide%20nanotubes" title=" titanium oxide nanotubes"> titanium oxide nanotubes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36644/preparation-of-catalyst-doped-tio2-nanotubes-by-single-step-anodization-and-potential-shock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Chiral Ruthenium Aminophosphine and Phosphine Iminopyridine Complexes: Synthesis and Application to Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Littlelet%20N.%20Scarlet">Littlelet N. Scarlet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaluddin%20Abdur-Rashid"> Kamaluddin Abdur-Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20T.%20Maragh"> Paul T. Maragh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Dasgupta"> Tara Dasgupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aminophosphines are a privileged class of ancillary ligands with emerging importance in homogeneous catalysis. The unique combination of soft phosphorus (P) and hard nitrogen (N) centres affords a variety of transition metal complexes as potential pre-catalysts for synthetically useful reactions. Herein three ligand systems will be reported; two bidentate ligands - (S)-8-(diphenyl-phosphino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine, (S)THNANH2, and (Rc)-1-((Sp)-2-diphenylphosphino) ferrocenylethylamine, (RcSp)PPFNH2 - and a tridentate (Rc)-1-((Sp)-2-diphenylphosphino) ferrocenylimino-pyridine, (RcSp)PPFNNH2 ligand; the latter prepared from the condensation of selected ferrocene aminophosphines with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde. Suitable combinations of these aminophosphine ligands with ruthenium precursors have afforded highly efficient systems for the asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of selected ketones in 2-propanol. The Ru-(S)THNANH2 precatalyst was the most efficient in the asymmetric hydrogenation of selected ketones with 100% conversions within 4 hours at a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol%. The Ru-(RcSp)PPFNNH2 precatalyst was the most efficient in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the ketones with conversions as high as 98% with 0.1 mol% catalyst. However, the enantioselectivities were generally low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminophosphine" title="aminophosphine">aminophosphine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20hydrogenation" title=" asymmetric hydrogenation"> asymmetric hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneous%20catalysis" title=" homogeneous catalysis"> homogeneous catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium%20%28II%29" title=" ruthenium (II)"> ruthenium (II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20hydrogenation" title=" transfer hydrogenation"> transfer hydrogenation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70318/chiral-ruthenium-aminophosphine-and-phosphine-iminopyridine-complexes-synthesis-and-application-to-asymmetric-hydrogenation-and-transfer-hydrogenation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Half-Sandwich Complexes of Ruthenium(II), Rhodium(II) and Iridium(III)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gilewska">A. Gilewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Masternak"> J. Masternak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kazimierczuk"> K. Kazimierczuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Turlej"> L. Turlej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Wietrzyk"> J. Wietrzyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Barszcz"> B. Barszcz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Platinum-based drugs are now widely used as chemotherapeutic agents. However the platinum complexes show the toxic side-effects: i) the development of platinum resistance; ii) the occurrence of severe side effects, such as nephro-, neuro- and ototoxicity; iii) the high toxicity towards human fibroblast. Therefore the development of new anticancer drugs containing different transition-metal ions, for example, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium is a valid strategy in cancer treatment. In this paper, we reported the synthesis, spectroscopic, structural and biological properties of complexes of ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium containing N,N-chelating ligand (2,2’-bisimidazole). These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis. These complexes exhibit a typical pseudotetrahedral three-legged piano-stool geometry, in which the aromatic arene ring forms the seat of the piano-stool, while the bidentate 2,2’-bisimidazole (ligand) and the one chlorido ligand form the three legs of the stool. The spectroscopy data (IR, UV-Vis) and elemental analysis correlate very well with molecular structures. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the complexes was carried out on human cancer cell lines: LoVo (colorectal adenoma), MV-4-11 (myelomonocytic leukaemia), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and normal healthy mouse fibroblast BALB/3T3 cell lines. To predict a binding mode, a potential interaction of metal complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and protein (BSA) has been explored using UV absorption and circular dichroism (CD). It is interesting to note that the investigated complexes show no cytotoxic effect towards the normal BALB/3T3 cell line, compared to cisplatin, which IC₅₀ values was determined as 2.20 µM. Importantly, Ru(II) displayed the highest activity against HL-60 (IC₅₀ 4.35 µM). The biological studies (UV-Vis and circular dichroism) suggest that arene-complexes could interact with calf thymus DNA probably via an outside binding mode and interact with protein (BSA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium%28II%29%20complex" title="ruthenium(II) complex">ruthenium(II) complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodium%28III%29%20complex" title=" rhodium(III) complex"> rhodium(III) complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iridium%28III%29%20complex" title=" iridium(III) complex"> iridium(III) complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activity" title=" biological activity"> biological activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104529/synthesis-characterization-and-biological-properties-of-half-sandwich-complexes-of-rutheniumii-rhodiumii-and-iridiumiii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> New Photosensitizers Encapsulated within Arene-Ruthenium Complexes Active in Photodynamic Therapy: Intracellular Signaling and Evaluation in Colorectal Cancer Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzan%20Ghaddar">Suzan Ghaddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Pinon"> Aline Pinon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Gallardo-villagran"> Manuel Gallardo-villagran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Diab-assaf"> Mona Diab-assaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Therrien"> Bruno Therrien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bertrand%20Liagre"> Bertrand Liagre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and exhibits a consistently rising incidence worldwide. Despite notable advancements in CRC treatment, frequent occurrences of side effects and the development of therapy resistance persistently challenge current approaches. Eventually, innovations in focal therapies remain imperative to enhance the patient’s overall quality of life. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) emerges as a promising treatment modality, clinically used for the treatment of various cancer types. It relies on the use of photosensitive molecules called photosensitizers (PS), which are photoactivated after accumulation in cancer cells, to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause cancer cell death. Among commonly used metal-based drugs in cancer therapy, ruthenium (Ru) possesses favorable attributes that demonstrate its selectivity towards cancer cells and render it suitable for anti-cancer drug design. In vitro studies using distinct arene-Ru complexes, encapsulating porphin PS, are conducted on human HCT116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines. These studies encompass the evaluation of the antiproliferative effect, ROS production, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, molecular localization, and protein expression. Preliminary results indicated that these complexes exert significant photocytotoxicity on the studied colorectal cancer cell lines, representing them as promising and potential candidates for anti- cancer agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorectal%20cancer" title="colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodynamic%20therapy" title=" photodynamic therapy"> photodynamic therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosensitizers" title=" photosensitizers"> photosensitizers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arene-ruthenium%20complexes" title=" arene-ruthenium complexes"> arene-ruthenium complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173340/new-photosensitizers-encapsulated-within-arene-ruthenium-complexes-active-in-photodynamic-therapy-intracellular-signaling-and-evaluation-in-colorectal-cancer-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Synthesis and Gas Transport Properties of Polynorbornene Dicarboximides Bearing Trifluoromethyl Isomer Moieties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20A.%20Cruz-Morales">Jorge A. Cruz-Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Vargas"> Joel Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arlette%20A.%20Santiago"> Arlette A. Santiago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20A.%20Tlenkopatchev"> Mikhail A. Tlenkopatchev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In industrial processes such as oil extraction and refining, products are handled or generated in the gas phase, which represents a challenge in terms of treatment and purification. During the past three decades, new scientific findings and technological advances in separation based on the use of membranes have led to simpler and more efficient gas separation processes, optimizing the use of energy and generating less pollution. This work reports the synthesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of new structural isomers based on norbornene dicarboximides bearing trifluoromethyl moieties, specifically N-2-trifluoromethylphenyl-exo,endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (2a) and N-3-trifluoromethylphenyl-exo,endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (2b), using tricyclohexylphosphine [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene][benzylidene] ruthenium dichloride (I), bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) benzylidene ruthenium (IV) dichloride (II), and bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) p-fluorophenylvinylidene ruthenium (II) dichloride (III). It was observed that the -CF3 moiety attached at the ortho position of the aromatic ring increases thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer, whereas meta substitution has the opposite effect. A comparative study of gas transportation in membranes, based on these fluorinated polynorbornenes, showed that -CF3 ortho substitution increases permeability of the polymer membrane as a consequence of the increase in both gas solubility and gas diffusion. In contrast, gas permeability coefficients of the meta-substituted polymer membrane are rather similar to those of that which is non-fluorinated; this can be attributed to a lower fractional free volume. The meta-substituted polymer membrane, besides showing the largest permselectivity coefficients of all the isomers studied here, was also found to have one of the largest permselectivity coefficients for separating H2/C3H6 into glassy polynorbornene dicarboximides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20transport%20membranes" title="gas transport membranes">gas transport membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynorbornene%20dicarboximide" title=" polynorbornene dicarboximide"> polynorbornene dicarboximide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROMP" title=" ROMP"> ROMP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20isomers" title=" structural isomers"> structural isomers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44054/synthesis-and-gas-transport-properties-of-polynorbornene-dicarboximides-bearing-trifluoromethyl-isomer-moieties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Synthetic Cannabinoids: Extraction, Identification and Purification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niki%20K.%20Burns">Niki K. Burns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20R.%20Pearson"> James R. Pearson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20G.%20Stevenson"> Paul G. Stevenson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20A.%20Conlan"> Xavier A. Conlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Australian state Victoria, synthetic cannabinoids have recently been made illegal under an amendment to the drugs, poisons and controlled substances act 1981. Identification of synthetic cannabinoids in popular brands of ‘incense’ and ‘potpourri’ has been a difficult and challenging task due to the sample complexity and changes observed in the chemical composition of the cannabinoids of interest. This study has developed analytical methodology for the targeted extraction and determination of synthetic cannabinoids available pre-ban. A simple solvent extraction and solid phase extraction methodology was developed that selectively extracted the cannabinoid of interest. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV‐visible and chemiluminescence detection (acidic potassium permanganate and tris (2,2‐bipyridine) ruthenium(III)) were used to interrogate the synthetic cannabinoid products. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used for structural elucidation of the synthetic cannabinoids. The tris(2,2‐bipyridine)ruthenium(III) detection was found to offer better sensitivity than the permanganate based reagents. In twelve different brands of herbal incense, cannabinoids were extracted and identified including UR‐144, XLR 11, AM2201, 5‐F‐AKB48 and A796‐260. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray%20mass%20spectrometry" title="electrospray mass spectrometry">electrospray mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20liquid%20chromatography" title=" high performance liquid chromatography"> high performance liquid chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20phase%20extraction" title=" solid phase extraction"> solid phase extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20cannabinoids" title=" synthetic cannabinoids"> synthetic cannabinoids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23354/synthetic-cannabinoids-extraction-identification-and-purification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Ab-initio Calculations on the Mechanism of Action of Platinum and Ruthenium Complexes in Phototherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eslam%20Dabbish">Eslam Dabbish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fortuna%20Ponte"> Fortuna Ponte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Scoditti"> Stefano Scoditti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilia%20Sicilia"> Emilia Sicilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20Mazzone"> Gloria Mazzone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The medical techniques based on the use of light for activating the drug are occupying a prominent place in the cancer treatment due to their selectivity that contributes to reduce undesirable side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Among these therapeutic treatments, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) are emerging as complementary approaches for selective destruction of neoplastic tissue through direct cellular damage. Both techniques rely on the employment of a molecule, photosensitizer (PS), able to absorb within the so-called therapeutic window. Thus, the exposure to light of otherwise inert molecules promotes the population of excited states of the drug, that in PDT are able to produce the cytotoxic species, such as 1O2 and other ROS, in PACT can be responsible of the active species release or formation. Following the success of cisplatin in conventional treatments, many other transition metal complexes were explored as anticancer agents for applications in different medical approaches, including PDT and PACT, in order to improve their chemical, biological and photophysical properties. In this field, several crucial characteristics of candidate PSs can be accurately predicted from first principle calculations, especially in the framework of density functional theory and its time-dependent formulation, contributing to the understanding of the entire photochemical pathways involved which can ultimately help in improving the efficiency of a drug. A brief overview of the outcomes on some platinum and ruthenium-based PSs proposed for the application in the two phototherapies will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDDFT" title="TDDFT">TDDFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20complexes" title=" metal complexes"> metal complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PACT" title=" PACT"> PACT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDT" title=" PDT"> PDT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152251/ab-initio-calculations-on-the-mechanism-of-action-of-platinum-and-ruthenium-complexes-in-phototherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Study of Adsorption of RuP onto TiO₂ (110) Surface Using Photoemission Deposited by Electrospray</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahani%20Mashikhi">Tahani Mashikhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Countries worldwide rely on electric power as a critical economic growth and progress factor. Renewable energy sources, often referred to as alternative energy sources, such as wind, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass, and hydropower, have garnered significant interest in response to the rising consumption of fossil fuels. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a highly promising alternative for energy production as they possess numerous advantages compared to traditional silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells. These include their low cost, high flexibility, straightforward preparation methodology, ease of production, low toxicity, different colors, semi-transparent quality, and high power conversion efficiency. A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a device that converts the energy of light from the sun into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The Gratzel cell is the initial dye-sensitized solar cell made from colloidal titanium dioxide. The operational mechanism of DSSCs relies on various key elements, such as a layer composed of wide band gap semiconducting oxide materials (e.g. titanium dioxide [TiO₂]), as well as a photosensitizer or dye that absorbs sunlight to inject electrons into the conduction band, the electrolyte utilizes the triiodide/iodide redox pair (I− /I₃−) to regenerate dye molecules and a counter electrode made of carbon or platinum facilitates the movement of electrons across the circuit. Electrospray deposition permits the deposition of fragile, non-volatile molecules in a vacuum environment, including dye sensitizers, complex molecules, nanoparticles, and biomolecules. Surface science techniques, particularly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are employed to examine dye-sensitized solar cells. This study investigates the possible application of electrospray deposition to build high-quality layers in situ in a vacuum. Two distinct categories of dyes can be employed as sensitizers in DSSCs: organometallic semiconductor sensitizers and purely organic dyes. Most organometallic dyes, including Ru533, RuC, and RuP, contain a ruthenium atom, which is a rare element. This ruthenium atom enhances the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes are characterized by their high cost and typically appear as dark purple powders. On the other hand, organic dyes, such as SQ2, RK1, D5, SC4, and R6, exhibit reduced efficacy due to the lack of a ruthenium atom. These dyes appear in green, red, orange, and blue powder-colored. This study will specifically concentrate on metal-organic dyes. The adsorption of dye molecules onto the rutile TiO₂ (110) surface has been deposited in situ under ultra-high vacuum conditions by combining an electrospray deposition method with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique examines chemical bonds and interactions between molecules and TiO₂ surfaces. The dyes were deposited at varying times, from 5 minutes to 40 minutes, to achieve distinct layers of coverage categorized as sub-monolayer, monolayer, few layers, or multilayer. Based on the O 1s photoelectron spectra data, it can be observed that the monolayer establishes a strong chemical bond with the Ti atoms of the oxide substrate by deprotonating the carboxylic acid groups through 2M-bidentate bridging anchors. The C 1s and N 1s photoelectron spectra indicate that the molecule remains intact at the surface. This can be due to the existence of all functional groups and a ruthenium atom, where the binding energy of Ru 3d is consistent with Ru2+. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposit" title="deposit">deposit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82" title=" TiO₂"> TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187075/the-study-of-adsorption-of-rup-onto-tio2-110-surface-using-photoemission-deposited-by-electrospray" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> CO2 Methanation over Ru-Ni/CeO2 Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalie%20Elia">Nathalie Elia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samer%20Aouad"> Samer Aouad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20Estephane"> Jane Estephane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Poupin"> Christophe Poupin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Nsouli"> Bilal Nsouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edmond%20Abi%20Aad"> Edmond Abi Aad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide is one of the main contributors to greenhouse effect and hence to climate change. As a result, the methanation reaction CO2(g) + 4H2(g) →CH4(g) + 2H2O (ΔH°298 = -165 kJ/mol), also known as Sabatier reaction, has received great interest as a process for the valorization of the greenhouse gas CO2 into methane which is a hydrogen-carrier gas. The methanation of CO2 is an exothermic reaction favored at low temperature and high pressure. However, this reaction requires a high energy input to activate the very stable CO2 molecule, and exhibits serious kinetic limitations. Consequently, the development of active and stable catalysts is essential to overcome these difficulties. Catalytic methanation of CO2 has been studied using catalysts containing Rh, Pd, Ru, Co and Ni on various supports. Among them, the Ni-based catalysts have been extensively investigated under various conditions for their comparable methanation activity with highly improved cost-efficiency. The addition of promoters are common strategies to increase the performance and stability of Ni catalysts. In this work, a small amount of Ru was used as a promoter for Ni catalysts supported on ceria and tested in the CO2 methanation reaction. The nickel loading was 5 wt. % and ruthenium loading is 0.5wt. %. The catalysts were prepared by successive impregnation method using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and Ru(NO)(NO3)3 as precursors. The calcined support was impregnated with Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, dried, calcined at 600°C for 4h, and afterward, was impregnated with Ru(NO)(NO3)3. The resulting solid was dried and calcined at 600°C for 4 h. Supported monometallic catalysts were prepared likewise. The prepared solids Ru(0.5%)/CeO2, Ni(5%)/CeO2 and Ru(0.5%)-Ni(5%)/CeO2 were then reduced prior to the catalytic test under a flow of 50% H2/Ar (50 ml/min) for 4h at 500°C. Finally, their catalytic performances were evaluated in the CO2 methanation reaction, in the temperature range of 100–350°C by using a gaseous mixture of CO2 (10%) and H2 (40%) in Ar balanced at a total flow rate of 100 mL/min. The effect of pressure on the CO2 methanation was studied by varying the pressure between 1 and 10 bar. The various catalysts showed negligible CO2 conversion at temperatures lower than 250°C. The conversion of CO2 increases with increasing reaction temperature. The addition of Ru as promoter to Ni/CeO2 improved the CO2 methanation. It was shown that the CO2 conversion increases from 15 to 70% at 350°C and 1 bar. The effect of pressure on CO2 conversion was also studied. Increasing the pressure from 1 to 5 bar increases the CO2 conversion from 70% to 87%, while increasing the pressure from 5 to 10 bar increases the CO2 conversion from 87% to 91%. Ru–Ni catalysts showed excellent catalytic performance in the methanation of carbon dioxide with respect to Ni catalysts. Therefore the addition of Ru onto Ni catalysts improved remarkably the catalytic activity of Ni catalysts. It was also found that the pressure plays an important role in improving the CO2 methanation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title="CO2">CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanation" title=" methanation"> methanation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78120/co2-methanation-over-ru-niceo2-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> An Organic Dye-Based Staining for Plant DNA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beg%C3%BCm%20Terzi">Begüm Terzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zlem%20Ate%C5%9F%20S%C3%B6nmezo%C4%9Flu"> Özlem Ateş Sönmezoğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerime%20%C3%96zkay"> Kerime Özkay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m"> Ahmet Yıldırım</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In plant biotechnology, electrophoresis is used to detect nucleic acids. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is used as an intercalator dye to stain DNA in agarose gel electrophoresis, but this dye is mutagenic and carcinogenic. In this study, a visible, reliable and organic Ruthenium-based dye (N-719) for staining plant DNA in comparison to EtBr. When prestaining and post-staining for gel electrophoresis, N-719 stained both DNA and PCR product bands with the same clarity as EtBr. The organic dye N-719 stained DNA bands as sensitively and as clearly as EtBr. The organic dye was found to have staining activity suitable for the identification of DNA.Consequently, N-719 organic dye can be used to stain and visualize DNA during gel electrophoresis as alternatives to EtBr in plant biotechnology studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agarose%20gel" title="agarose gel">agarose gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20staining" title=" DNA staining"> DNA staining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20dye" title=" organic dye"> organic dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-719" title=" N-719"> N-719</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68758/an-organic-dye-based-staining-for-plant-dna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Investigating Water-Oxidation Using a Ru(III) Carboxamide Water Coordinated Complex </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosra%20M.%20Badiei">Yosra M. Badiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyn%20Ortiz"> Evelyn Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marisa%20Portenti"> Marisa Portenti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Szalda"> David Szalda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water-oxidation half-reaction is a critical reaction that can be driven by a sustainable energy source (e.g., solar or wind) and be coupled with a chemical fuel making reaction which stores the released electrons and protons from water (e.g., H₂ or methanol). The use of molecular water-oxidation catalysts (WOC) allow the rationale design of redox active metal centers and provides a better understanding of their structure-activity-relationship. Herein, the structure of a Ru(III) complex bearing a doubly deprotonated N,N'-bis(aryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide ligand which contains a water molecule in its primary coordination sphere was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further spectroscopic experimental data and pH-dependent electrochemical studies reveal its water-oxidation reactivity. Emphasis on mechanistic details for O₂ formation of this complex will be addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-oxidation" title="water-oxidation">water-oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20photosynthesis" title=" artificial photosynthesis"> artificial photosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108812/investigating-water-oxidation-using-a-ruiii-carboxamide-water-coordinated-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Oxidation Activity of Platinum-Ruthenium-Tin Ternary Alloy Catalyst on Bio-Alcohol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Ya%20Lo">An-Ya Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chen%20Chung"> Yi-Chen Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Chi%20Hsu"> Yun-Chi Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuan-Ming%20Tseng"> Chuan-Ming Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiu-Yue%20Lin"> Chiu-Yue Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the ternary alloy catalyst Pt20RuxSny (where 20, x, y represent mass fractions of Pt, Ru, and Sn, respectively) was optimized for the preliminary study of bio-ethanol fuel cells (BAFC). The morphology, microstructure, composition, phase-structures, and electrochemical properties of Pt20RuxSny catalyst were examined by SEM, TEM, EDS-mapping, XRD, and potentiostat. The effect of Sn content on electrochemical active surface (EAS) and oxidation activity were discussed. As a result, the additional Sn greatly improves the efficiency of Pt20RuxSny, either x=0 or 10. Through discussing the difference between ethanol and glycol oxidations, the mechanism of tolerance against poisoning has been proved. Overall speaking, the catalytic activity are in the order of Pt20RuxSny > Pt20Rux > Pt20Sny in both ethanol and glycol systems. Finally, Pt20Ru10Sn15 catalyst was successfully applied to demonstrate the feasibility of using bio-alcohol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pt-Sn%20alloy%20catalyst" title="Pt-Sn alloy catalyst">Pt-Sn alloy catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pt-Ru-Sn%20alloy%20catalyst" title=" Pt-Ru-Sn alloy catalyst"> Pt-Ru-Sn alloy catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20glycol" title=" ethylene glycol"> ethylene glycol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54818/oxidation-activity-of-platinum-ruthenium-tin-ternary-alloy-catalyst-on-bio-alcohol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Catalytic Alkylation of C2-C4 Hydrocarbons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolysbek%20Utelbayev">Bolysbek Utelbayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasmagambetova%20Aigerim"> Tasmagambetova Aigerim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toktasyn%20Raila"> Toktasyn Raila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markayev%20Yergali"> Markayev Yergali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myrzakhanov%20Maxat"> Myrzakhanov Maxat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intensive development of secondary processes of destructive processing of crude oil has led to the occurrence of oil refining factories resources of C2-C4 hydrocarbons. Except for oil gases also contain basically C2-C4 hydrocarbon gases where some of the amounts are burned. All these data has induced interest to the study of producing alkylate from hydrocarbons С2-С4 which being as components of motor fuels. The purpose of this work was studying transformation propane-propene, butane-butene fractions at the presence of the ruthenium-chromic support catalyst whereas the carrier is served pillar - structural montmorillonite containing in native bentonite clay. In this work is considered condition and structure of the bentonite clay from the South-Kazakhstan area of the Republic Kazakhstan. For preparation rhodium support catalyst (0,5-1,0 mass. % Rh) was used chloride of rhodium-RhCl3∙3H2O, as a carrier was used modified bentonite clay. For modifying natural clay to pillar structural form were used polyhydroxy complexes of chromium. To aqueous solution of chloride chromium gradually flowed the solution of sodium hydroxide at gradual hashing up to pH~3-4. The concentration of chloride chromium was paid off proceeding from calculation 5-30 mmole Cr3+ per gram clay. Suspension bentonite (~1,0 mass. %) received by intensive washing it in water during 4 h, pH-water extract of clay makes -8-9. The acidity of environment supervised by means of digital pH meter OP-208/1. In order to prevent coagulation of a solution polyhydroxy complexes of chromium, it was slowly added to a suspension of clay. "Reserve of basicity" Cr3+:/OH-allowing to prevent coagulation chloride of rhodium made 1/3. After endurance processed suspensions of clay during 24 h, a deposit was washed by water and condensed. The sample, after separate from a liquid phase, dried at first at the room temperature, and then at 110°C (2h) with the subsequent rise the temperature up to 180°C (4h). After cooling the firm mass was pounded to a powder, it was shifted infractions with the certain sizes of particles. Fractions of particles modifying clay in the further were impregnated with an aqueous solution with rhodium-RhCl3∙3H2O (0,5-1,0 mаss % Rh ). Obtained pillar structural bentonite approaches heat resistance and its porous structure above the 773K. Pillar structural bentonite was used for preparation 1.0% Ru/Carrier (modifying bentonite) support catalysts where is realised alkylation of C2-C4 hydrocarbons. The process of alkylation is carried out at a partial pressure of hydrogen 0.5-1.0MPa. Outcome 2.2.4 three methyl pentane and 2.2.3 trimethylpentane achieved 40%. At alkylation butane-butene mixture outcome of the isooctane is achieved 60%. In this condition of studying the ethene is not undergoing to alkylation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkylation" title="alkylation">alkylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butene" title=" butene"> butene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pillar%20structure" title=" pillar structure"> pillar structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium%20catalyst" title=" ruthenium catalyst"> ruthenium catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20104/catalytic-alkylation-of-c2-c4-hydrocarbons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Determination of Mercury in Gold Ores by CVAAS Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Siti%20Khodijah">Ratna Siti Khodijah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirzam%20Abdurrachman"> Mirzam Abdurrachman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gold is recovered from gold ores. Within the ores, there are not only gold but also several types of precious metals. Copper, silver, and platinum group elements (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, and iridium) are metals commonly found in the ores. These metals combine to form an ore because they have the same properties. It is due to their position in periodic-system-of-elements are near to gold. However, the presence of mercury in every gold ore has not been mentioned, even though it is located right next to gold in the periodic-system-of-elements and they are located in the same block, d-block. Thus, it is possible that mercury is contained in the ores. Moreover, the elements of the same group with mercury—zinc and cadmium—sometimes can be found in the ores. It is suspected that mercury can not be detected because the processing of gold ores usually using fire assay method. Before the ores melting, mercury would evaporate because it has the lowest boiling point of all precious metal in the ores. Therefore, it suggested doing research on the presence of mercury in gold ores by CVAAS method. The results of this study would obtain the amount of mercury in gold ores that should be purified. So it can be produced economically if possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling%20point" title="boiling point">boiling point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=d-block" title=" d-block"> d-block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20assay" title=" fire assay"> fire assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precious%20metal" title=" precious metal"> precious metal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72809/determination-of-mercury-in-gold-ores-by-cvaas-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Collision Induced Dissociation of Transition Metal Fluoride Complexes and the Multiply Charged Anions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruqia%20Nazir">Ruqia Nazir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Perutz"> Robin Perutz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Collision-induced dissociation (CID) can be used to study the intrinsic properties of ions in the gas phase.1 Decay pathways of transition metal difluoride complexes of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and ruthenium were studied by CID in an ESI-Ion trap mass spectrometer. Furthermore, the decay pathways of multiply charged anions (MCAs) of titanium and zirconium were also studied. The CID results are illustrated by the behaviour of (Cp*)₂TiF₂, which initially forms the ions [M-F-]⁺, [M+Na]⁺, and [M+K]⁺. The [(Cp*₂)TiF⁺ ion decays on resonant excitation to lose HF forming [Cp*(C₅Me₄CH₂)Ti]⁺ (Figure). The other major ion, [(Cp*)₂TiF₂+Na]⁺, decays on resonant excitation with production of [(Cp*)₂TiF₂]⁺ and [C₅Me₄CH₂]⁺. We also report the behaviour of Cp₂MF₂ (M = Zr, Hf) and Ru(PMe₃)₄F₂. The decay pathway of the multiply charged anions (MCAs), notably TiF₆²⁻ and ZrF₆²⁻ was concluded to be ionic fragmentation with loss of F⁻ rather than electron detachment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision%20induced%20dissociation" title="collision induced dissociation">collision induced dissociation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal%20difluoride%20comolexes" title=" transition metal difluoride comolexes"> transition metal difluoride comolexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiply%20charged%20anions" title=" multiply charged anions"> multiply charged anions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156008/collision-induced-dissociation-of-transition-metal-fluoride-complexes-and-the-multiply-charged-anions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Chiral Diphosphine Ligands and Their Transition Metal Diphosphine Complexes in Asymmetric Catalysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannen%20Lorraine">Shannen Lorraine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Maragh"> Paul Maragh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Dasgupta"> Tara Dasgupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaluddin%20Abdur-Rashid"> Kamaluddin Abdur-Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> (R)-(4,4',6,6'-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2'-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (R-Ph-Garphos), and (S)-(4,4',6,6'-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2'-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (S-Ph-Garphos) are novel, nucleophilic, chiral atropisomeric ligands. The research explored the synthesis of chiral transition metal complexes containing these ligands and their applications in various asymmetric catalytic transformations. Herein, the transition metal complexes having ruthenium(II), rhodium(I) and iridium(I) metal centres will be discussed. These are air stable complexes and were characterized by CHN analysis, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and polarimetry. Currently, there is an emphasis on 'greener' catalysts and the need for 'green' solvents in asymmetric catalysis. As such, the Ph-Garphos ligands were demethylated thereby introducing hydroxyl moieties unto the ligand scaffold. The facile tunability of the biaryl diphosphines led to the preparation of the (R)-(4,4',6,6'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl-2,2'-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (R-Ph-Garphos-OH), and (S)-(4,4',6,6'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl-2,2'-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (S-Ph-Garphos-OH) ligands. These were successfully characterized by CHN analysis, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and polarimetry. The use of the Ph-Garphos and Ph-Garphos-OH ligands and their transition metal complexes in asymmetric hydrogenations will be reported. Additionally, the scope of the research will highlight the applicability of the Ph-Garphos-OH ligand and its transitional metal complexes as 'green' catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title="catalysis">catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20hydrogenation" title=" asymmetric hydrogenation"> asymmetric hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diphosphine%20transition%20metal%20complexes" title=" diphosphine transition metal complexes"> diphosphine transition metal complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ph-Garphos%20ligands" title=" Ph-Garphos ligands"> Ph-Garphos ligands</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70174/chiral-diphosphine-ligands-and-their-transition-metal-diphosphine-complexes-in-asymmetric-catalysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as High Efficiency Co-Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomilola%20J.%20Ajayi">Tomilola J. Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Ollengo"> Moses Ollengo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20le%20Roux"> Lukas le Roux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20N.%20Pillay"> Michael N. Pillay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20J.%20Staples"> Richard J. Staples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%20M.%20Biros%20Werner%20E.%20van%20Zyl"> Shannon M. Biros Werner E. van Zyl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formation, characterization, and dye-sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S₂PFc(OH)]¯ (L1) was synthesized from the reaction between ferrocenyl Lawesson’s reagent, [FcP(=S)μ-S]₂ (FcLR), (Fc = ferrocenyl) and water. Ligand L1 could potentially coordinate to metal centers through the S, S’ and O donor atoms. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced a Ni(II) complex of the type [Ni{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), a tetranickel (II) complex of the type [Ni₂{S₂OP(Fc)}₂]₂ (2) (molar ratio (1:1), as well as a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂]₂ (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂]₂ (4). Complexes 1-4 were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR and FT-IR, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analysed by X-Ray crystallography. After co-sensitization, the DSSCs were characterized using UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photovoltaic measurements (I-V curves). Overall finding shows that co-sensitization of our compounds with ruthenium dye N719 resulted in a better overall solar conversion efficiency than only pure N719 dye under the same experimental conditions. In conclusion, we report the first examples of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dithiophosphonate" title="dithiophosphonate">dithiophosphonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20sensitized%20solar%20cell" title=" dye sensitized solar cell"> dye sensitized solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-sensitization" title=" co-sensitization"> co-sensitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20efficiency" title=" solar efficiency"> solar efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99644/heterodimetallic-ferrocenyl-dithiophosphonate-complexes-of-nickelii-zincii-and-cadmiumii-as-high-efficiency-co-sensitizers-in-dye-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> QTAIM View of Metal-Metal Bonding in Trinuclear Mixed-Metal Bridged Ligand Clusters Containing Ruthenium and Osmium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Ezzat%20Al-Kirbasee">Nadia Ezzat Al-Kirbasee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlam%20Hussein%20Hassan"> Ahlam Hussein Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shatha%20Raheem%20Helal%20Alhimidi"> Shatha Raheem Helal Alhimidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Ezzat%20Al-Kirbasee"> Doaa Ezzat Al-Kirbasee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhsen%20Abood%20Muhsen%20Al-Ibadi"> Muhsen Abood Muhsen Al-Ibadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through DFT/QTAIM calculations, we have provided new insights into the nature of the M-M, M-H, M-O, and M-C bonds of the (Cp*Ru)n(Cp*Os)3−n(μ3-O)2(μ-H)(Cp* = η5-C5Me5, n= 3,2,1,0). The topological analysis of the electron density reveals important details of the chemical bonding interactions in the clusters. Calculations confirm the absence of bond critical points (BCP) and the corresponding bond paths (BP) between Ru-Ru, Ru-Os, and Os-Os. The position of bridging hydrides and Oxo atoms coordinated to Ru-Ru, Ru-Os, and Os-Os determines the distribution of the electron densities and which strongly affects the formation of the bonds between these transition metal atoms. On the other hand, the results confirm that the four clusters contain a 6c–12e and 4c–2e bonding interaction delocalized over M3(μ-H)(μ-O)2 and M3(μ-H), respectively, as revealed by the non-negligible delocalization indexes calculations. The small values for electron density ρ(b) above zero, together with the small values, again above zero, for laplacian ∇2ρ(b) and the small negative values for total energy density H(b) are shown by the Ru-H, Os-H, Ru-O, and Os-O bonds in the four clusters are typical of open shell interactions. Also, the topological data for the bonds between Ru and Os atoms with the C atoms of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) ring ligands are basically similar and show properties very consistent with open shell interactions in the QTAIM classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-metal%20and%20metal-ligand%20interactions" title="metal-metal and metal-ligand interactions">metal-metal and metal-ligand interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organometallic%20complexes" title=" organometallic complexes"> organometallic complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20analysis" title=" topological analysis"> topological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20and%20QTAIM%20analyses" title=" DFT and QTAIM analyses"> DFT and QTAIM analyses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145093/qtaim-view-of-metal-metal-bonding-in-trinuclear-mixed-metal-bridged-ligand-clusters-containing-ruthenium-and-osmium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural over RU Sub-Nano Particles Supported on Al₂O₃-SIO₂ Mixed Oxides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaima%20Zoulikha%20Tabet%20Zatla">Chaima Zoulikha Tabet Zatla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihel%20Dib"> Nihel Dib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumeya%20Bedrane"> Sumeya Bedrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Hernandez%20Garrido"> Juan Carlos Hernandez Garrido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redouane%20Bachir"> Redouane Bachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Angel%20Cauqui"> Miguel Angel Cauqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Juan%20Calvino%20Gamez"> Jose Juan Calvino Gamez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These last year's our planet has witnessed global warming, which is a serious threat to our lives; it has many causes, such as the CO₂ excess in the atmosphere that results from our activity, for the purpose of living in a neater and better environment, working and improving an eco-responsible energy system is a must. Valorization of biomass to produce biofuels is among the most compelling routes to decrease air pollution without considerable modification in current vehicle technology. Effective transformation of lignocellulosic biomass-derived compounds into liquid fuels and value-added chemicals is an economically viable solution. Presently, very competitive technics for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into platform chemicals, such as furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), are used. Furfural (C₅H₄O₂) is a major hemi cellulosic biomass-derived platform molecule. In our work, we focus on the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass derivative furfural that is transformed into biofuel through a hydrodeoxygenation reaction in general and involving a catalytic process. In order to get to this point, we are synthesizing and characterizing a series of catalysts with different amounts of Ru (0.5%, 1% and 2%) supported on alumina-silica mixed oxides with various molar ratios (Si/Al = 2.5; 5; 7; 10; 15). These catalysts will be characterized by numerous technics such as N₂ adsorption/desorption, Pyridine adsorption (acidity measure), FTIR, X-rays diffraction, AAS, TEM and SEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furfural" title="furfural">furfural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica-alumina" title=" silica-alumina"> silica-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title=" biofuel"> biofuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163321/hydrodeoxygenation-of-furfural-over-ru-sub-nano-particles-supported-on-al2o3-sio2-mixed-oxides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Evaluation of DNA Oxidation and Chemical DNA Damage Using Electrochemiluminescent Enzyme/DNA Microfluidic Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itti%20Bist">Itti Bist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snehasis%20Bhakta"> Snehasis Bhakta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Jiang"> Di Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tia%20E.%20Keyes"> Tia E. Keyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Martin"> Aaron Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20J.%20Forster"> Robert J. Forster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20F.%20Rusling"> James F. Rusling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DNA damage from metabolites of lipophilic drugs and pollutants, generated by enzymes, represents a major toxicity pathway in humans. These metabolites can react with DNA to form either 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which is the oxidative product of DNA or covalent DNA adducts, both of which are genotoxic and hence considered important biomarkers to detect cancer in humans. Therefore, detecting reactions of metabolites with DNA is an effective approach for the safety assessment of new chemicals and drugs. Here we describe a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor array which can detect DNA oxidation and chemical DNA damage in a single array, facilitating a more accurate diagnostic tool for genotoxicity screening. Layer-by-layer assembly of DNA and enzyme are assembled on the pyrolytic graphite array which is housed in a microfluidic device for sequential detection of two type of the DNA damages. Multiple enzyme reactions are run on test compounds using the array, generating toxic metabolites in situ. These metabolites react with DNA in the films to cause DNA oxidation and chemical DNA damage which are detected by ECL generating osmium compound and ruthenium polymer, respectively. The method is further validated by the formation of 8-oxodG and DNA adduct using similar films of DNA/enzyme on magnetic bead biocolloid reactors, hydrolyzing the DNA, and analyzing by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Hence, this combined DNA/enzyme array/LC-MS approach can efficiently explore metabolic genotoxic pathways for drugs and environmental chemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemiluminescence" title=" electrochemiluminescence"> electrochemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20damage" title=" DNA damage"> DNA damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20array" title=" microfluidic array"> microfluidic array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65139/evaluation-of-dna-oxidation-and-chemical-dna-damage-using-electrochemiluminescent-enzymedna-microfluidic-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Common Oxidants for Ruthenium (II) Chemiluminescence in a Microfluidic Detection Device Coupled to Microbore High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Drugs in Formulations and Biological Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afsal%20Mohammed%20Kadavilpparampu">Afsal Mohammed Kadavilpparampu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haider%20A.%20J.%20Al%20Lawati"> Haider A. J. Al Lawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakhr%20Eldin%20O.%20Suliman"> Fakhr Eldin O. Suliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20M.%20Z.%20Al%20Kindy"> Salma M. Z. Al Kindy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we evaluated the appropriateness of various oxidants that can be used potentially with Ru(bipy)32+ CL system while performing CL detection in a microfluidic device using eight common active pharmaceutical ingredients- ciprofloxacin, hydrochlorothiazide, norfloxacin, buspirone, fexofenadine, cetirizine, codeine, and dextromethorphan. This is because, microfludics have very small channel volume and the residence time is also very short. Hence, a highly efficient oxidant is required for on-chip CL detection to obtain analytically acceptable CL emission. Three common oxidants were evaluated, lead dioxide, cerium ammonium sulphate and ammonium peroxydisulphate. Results obtained showed that ammonium peroxydisulphate is the most appropriate oxidant which can be used in microfluidic setup and all the tested analyte give strong CL emission while using this oxidant. We also found that Ru(bipy)33+ generated off-line by oxidizing [Ru(bipy)3]Cl2.6H2O in acetonitrile under acidic condition with lead dioxide was stable for more than 72 hrs. A highly sensitive microbore HPLC- CL method using ammonium peroxydisulphate as an oxidant in a microfluidic on-chip CL detection has been developed for the analyses of fixed-dose combinations of pseudoephedrine (PSE), fexofenadine (FEX) and cetirizine (CIT) in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations with minimum sample pre-treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidants" title="oxidants">oxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbore%20High%20Performance%20Liquid%20Chromatography" title=" microbore High Performance Liquid Chromatography"> microbore High Performance Liquid Chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemiluminescence" title=" chemiluminescence"> chemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16967/evaluation-of-the-appropriateness-of-common-oxidants-for-ruthenium-ii-chemiluminescence-in-a-microfluidic-detection-device-coupled-to-microbore-high-performance-liquid-chromatography-for-the-analysis-of-drugs-in-formulations-and-biological-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> A Photoemission Study of Dye Molecules Deposited by Electrospray on rutile TiO2 (110)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20Alharbi">Nouf Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20O%27shea"> James O'shea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For decades, renewable energy sources have received considerable global interest due to the increase in fossil fuel consumption. The abundant energy produced by sunlight makes dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) a promising alternative compared to conventional silicon and thin film solar cells due to their transparency and tunable colours, which make them suitable for applications such as windows and glass facades. The transfer of an excited electron onto the surface is an important procedure in the DSSC system, so different groups of dye molecules were studied on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface. Currently, the study of organic dyes has become an interest of researchers due to ruthenium being a rare and expensive metal, and metal-free organic dyes have many features, such as high molar extinction coefficients, low manufacturing costs, and ease of structural modification and synthesis. There are, of course, some groups that have developed organic dyes and exhibited lower light-harvesting efficiency ranging between 4% and 8%. Since most dye molecules are complicated or fragile to be deposited by thermal evaporation or sublimation in the ultra-high vacuum (UHV), all dyes (i.e, D5, SC4, and R6) in this study were deposited in situ using the electrospray deposition technique combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as an alternative method to obtain high-quality monolayers of titanium dioxide. These organic molecules adsorbed onto rutile TiO2 (110) are explored by XPS, which can be used to obtain element-specific information on the chemical structure and study bonding and interaction sites on the surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title="dyes">dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecules" title=" molecules"> molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic" title=" organic"> organic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rutile" title=" rutile"> rutile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitised" title=" sensitised"> sensitised</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164476/a-photoemission-study-of-dye-molecules-deposited-by-electrospray-on-rutile-tio2-110" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Investigation into the Effectiveness of Bacillus Mucilaginosus in Liberation of Platinum Group Metals Locked in Silicates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nokubonga%20G.%20Zulu">Nokubonga G. Zulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongephiwe%20M.%20Thethwayo"> Bongephiwe M. Thethwayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mapilane%20S.%20Madiba"> Mapilane S. Madiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Olubambi"> Peter A. Olubambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In South Africa, PGMs’ metallurgy industry is now leaned on the Upper Group 2 (UG2) reef for the beneficiation of 4PGEs (Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium). The current effective beneficiation method is direct froth flotation which uses the hydrophobicity of liberated valuables minerals to carefully float them while hydrophilic gangue minerals report to the residue. PGMs are known to be associated with base metal sulphides which are hydrophobic; however, approximately 25% of PGMs from UG2 are associated with hydrophilic silicates, which results in high PGMs grade in the flotation residue. Further, the smallest size in which UG2 PGMs occur is approximately 9 microns which demands high grinding for liberation, imposing energy and cost implications. The use of Bacillus mucilaginosus to liberate PGMs using Bio-leaching of PGMs bearing Silicates is a promising cost-effective, energy-saving, and green solution to liberate PGMs locked in silicates. This is due to the ability of Bacillus mucilaginosus to generate extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that are responsible for the leaching of silicate minerals. The bioleaching is done at a laboratory beaker using a cultivated Bacillus mucilaginosus as a lixiviant. The bioleaching residue is expected to have a reduced particle size due to silicate consumption, which reduces the need and cost associated with a secondary milling circuit. Moreover, the grade of the bioleaching product is increased since the silicates (gangue minerals) are consumed by Bacillus mucilaginosus; this serves as a pre-concentration step. This paper discusses an alternative liberation and pre-concentrating technique of PGMs that are associated with silicates using Bacillus mucilaginosus leaching to dissolve silicates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20mucilaginosus" title="Bacillus mucilaginosus">Bacillus mucilaginosus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-leaching%20of%20PGMs%20bearing%20silicates" title=" bio-leaching of PGMs bearing silicates"> bio-leaching of PGMs bearing silicates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation%20of%20PGMs" title=" liberation of PGMs"> liberation of PGMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-concentration%20of%20PGMs" title=" pre-concentration of PGMs"> pre-concentration of PGMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160943/investigation-into-the-effectiveness-of-bacillus-mucilaginosus-in-liberation-of-platinum-group-metals-locked-in-silicates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Synthesis, Characterization, Optical and Photophysical Properties of Pyrene-Labeled Ruthenium(Ii) Trisbipyridine Complex Cored Dendrimers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mireille%20Vonlanthen">Mireille Vonlanthen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasquale%20Porcu"> Pasquale Porcu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernesto%20Rivera"> Ernesto Rivera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dendritic macromolecules are presenting unique physical and chemical properties. One of them is the faculty of transferring energy from a donor moiety introduced at the periphery to an acceptor moiety at the core, mimicking the antenna effect of the process of photosynthesis. The mechanism of energy transfer is based on the Förster resonance energy exchange and requires some overlap between the emission spectrum of the donor and the absorption spectrum of the acceptor. Since it requires a coupling of transition dipole but no overlap of the physical wavefunctions, the energy transfer by Förster mechanism can occur over quite long distances from 1 to a maximum of 10 nm. However, the efficiency of the transfer depends strongly on distance. The Förster radius is the distance at which 50% of the donor’s emission is deactivated by FRET. In this work, we synthesized and characterized a novel series of dendrimers bearing pyrene moieties at the periphery and a Ru (II) complex at the core. The optical and photophysical properties of these compounds were studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Pyrene is a well-studied chromophore that has the particularity to present monomer as well as excimer fluorescence emission. The coordination compounds of Ru (II) are red emitters with low quantum yield and long excited lifetime. We observed an efficient singulet to singulet energy transfer in such constructs. Moreover, it is known that the energy of the MLCT emitting state of Ru (II) can be tuned to become almost isoenegetic with respect to the triplet state of pyrene, leading to an extended phosphorescence lifetime. Using dendrimers bearing pyrene moieties as ligands for Ru (II), we could combine the antenna effect of dendrimers as well as its protection effect to the quenching by dioxygen with lifetime increase due to triplet-triplet equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendritic%20molecules" title="dendritic molecules">dendritic molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transfer" title=" energy transfer"> energy transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrene" title=" pyrene"> pyrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ru-trisbipyridine%20complex" title=" ru-trisbipyridine complex"> ru-trisbipyridine complex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44622/synthesis-characterization-optical-and-photophysical-properties-of-pyrene-labeled-rutheniumii-trisbipyridine-complex-cored-dendrimers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Mixed Tetravalent Cs₂RuₘPt₁-ₘX₆ (X = Cl-, Br-) Based Vacancy-Ordered Halide Double Perovskites for Enhanced Solar Water Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jigar%20Shaileshumar%20Halpati">Jigar Shaileshumar Halpati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20Kumar%20Chandiran"> Aravind Kumar Chandiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vacancy ordered double perovskites (VOPs) have been significantly attracting researchers due to their chemical structure diversity and interesting optoelectronic properties. Some VOPs have been recently reported to be suitable photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water-splitting reactions due to their high stability and panchromatic absorption. In this work, we systematically synthesized mixed tetravalent VOPs based on Cs₂RuₘPt₁-ₘX₆ (X = Cl-, Br-) and reported their structural, optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties. The structural characterization confirms that the mixed tetravalent site intermediates formed their own phases. The parent materials, as well as their intermediates, were found to be stable in ambient conditions for over 1 year and also showed incredible stability in harsh pH media ranging from pH 1 to pH 11. Moreover, these materials showed panchromatic absorption with onset up to 1000 nm depending upon the mixture stoichiometry. The extraordinary stability and excellent absorption properties make them suitable materials for photoelectrochemical water-splitting applications. PEC studies of these series of materials showed a high water oxidation photocurrent of 0.56 mA cm-² for Cs₂Ru₀.₅Pt₀.₅Cl₆. Fundamental investigation from photoelectrochemical reactions revealed that the intrinsic ruthenium-based VOP showed enhanced hole transfer to the electrolyte, while the intrinsic platinum-based VOP showed higher photovoltage. The mix of these end members at the tetravalent site showed a synergic effect of reduced charge transfer resistance from the material to the electrolyte and increased photovoltage, which led to increased PEC performance of the intermediate materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20water%20splitting" title="solar water splitting">solar water splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20electrochemistry" title=" photo electrochemistry"> photo electrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20absorbers" title=" photo absorbers"> photo absorbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20characterization" title=" material characterization"> material characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=device%20characterization" title=" device characterization"> device characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20hydrogen" title=" green hydrogen"> green hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179130/mixed-tetravalent-cs2rupt1-x6-x-cl-br-based-vacancy-ordered-halide-double-perovskites-for-enhanced-solar-water-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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