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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Edmund J. James</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Janes_James.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edmund_Janes_James.jpg/220px-Edmund_Janes_James.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edmund_Janes_James.jpg/330px-Edmund_Janes_James.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edmund_Janes_James.jpg/440px-Edmund_Janes_James.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="790" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">James in 1912</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_Illinois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the University of Illinois system">President of the University of Illinois system</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1904–1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_S._Draper" title="Andrew S. Draper">Andrew S. Draper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">David Kinley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">7th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwestern_University_presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Northwestern University presidents">President of Northwestern University</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1902–1904</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwestern_University_presidents#List_of_presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Northwestern University presidents">Daniel Bonbright</a> (interim)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Holgate">Thomas Holgate</a> (interim)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1855-05-21</span>)</span>May 21, 1855<br /><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 17, 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-06-17)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Covina,_California" title="Covina, California">Covina, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Anna Margarethe Lange</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="August 22, 1879">1879</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="November 13, 1914">1914</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Halle-Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle-Wittenberg">University of Halle</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="College administrator">College administrator</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Edmund_Janes_James.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund J. James's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Signature_of_Edmund_Janes_James.png/128px-Signature_of_Edmund_Janes_James.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Signature_of_Edmund_Janes_James.png 1.5x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edmund Janes James</b> (May 21, 1855 – June 17, 1925) was an American academic, president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a> from 1904 to 1920, and the primary founder, first president and first editor for the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Political_and_Social_Science" title="American Academy of Political and Social Science">American Academy of Political and Social Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Falkner_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falkner-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the 7th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwestern_University_presidents" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Northwestern University presidents">president of Northwestern University</a> from 1902 to 1904. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, James was the son of Methodist minister, Colin Dew James, and Amanda Keziah (Casad) James.<sup id="cite_ref-Dies_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dies-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his secondary school education, he went to a high school from Illinois State Normal University (now known as <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_University" title="Illinois State University">Illinois State University</a>) and graduated in 1873. He attended <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a> in 1874 and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> in 1876 but said to not have enjoyed what Harvard had to offer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_University_of_Halle-Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg">University of Halle</a>, where he studied economics under the direction of Johannes Conrad. He earned a doctorate in political economy in 1877 with a thesis on the American tariff.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his return to the United States he received an appointment as a high school principal.<sup id="cite_ref-Solberg_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="University_of_Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: University of Pennsylvania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James was a public finance and administration professor at the Wharton School of Finance of Economy and taught political and social science in the Department of Philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to teaching, he would later become director of the Wharton School of Finance and Economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When James arrived in 1883, he wanted to change the way the students were being taught if they were pursuing business careers. In a statement to the American Bankers' Association in 1890, he stated, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was these considerations then that determined Mr. Wharton to establish this school. First: the belief that the business classes of our country need a higher training as much or more than any other classes; second the view that the commercial or business college, however, real and valuable its higher training, does not in its present form furnish a kind of higher training of the community, as is shown by the fact of the small number of youths looking to business careers who enter college.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>While in Philadelphia, James organized the American Academy of Political and Social Science to foster research to help solve important social problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Falkner_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falkner-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1884, he was elected as a member to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trustees of the university and many of the staff were conservative and unenthusiastic about the idea of focusing on economics and political science, with courses in accounting, banking, and business law. In 1896, James was dismissed from the university. An observation made by Dr. Edward Potts Cheyney in 1940 on both James's and Robert Ellis Thompson's departure, he stated, "The departure of both [James and Thompson] was a serious and unnecessary loss to the University; it has not had too many men of their stature, and neither need have gone if greater reasonableness had been exerted."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northwestern_University">Northwestern University</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Northwestern University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James arrived after the presidencies of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wade_Rogers" title="Henry Wade Rogers">Henry Wade Rogers</a> (1890-1900) and Daniel Bonbright (1900-1902). University trustees were excited to find a man with such an impressive resume and with a philosophy about higher education that was compatible with their own. James and the trustees agreed to make the university the top Methodist institution of higher education in the country. </p><p>Financial limitations impeded implementation of new programs, however, and trustees were uncomfortable with increasing indebtness. A letter to James from M. H. Wilson, chairman of the board of trustees, stated, "[NU] is ambitious to develop and broaden that curriculum as rapidly as a wise administration of its resources will permit; [W]e cannot believe that on this proposition, your judgement will differ from our own."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after his arrival at Northwestern James identified and committed to correcting wide-ranging problems. Poorly funded library services, science laboratories and professional schools, for example, limited education access for both faculty and students. Enrollment and its revenue stream were hampered by the absence of graduate and technical schools, residence and dining halls, a chapel, gymnasium, and student union. </p><p>He persuaded the trustees to create a Jubilee Memorial Fund for celebrations during the 1905 semi-centennial but his other fund-raising ideas were less successful. He tried to market the school's name with football, baseball, and debate teams, and with such academic programs as alumni groups, scholarships, and fellowships. He planned to enlist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> as an advocate of the school but Carnegie objected to the school's Methodist affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James's term as president was short lived because trustees came to distrust his judgment. He was viewed as reaching too far, too broadly and too quickly for the school's financial resources. William A. Dyche, Northwestern business manager, summarized: "I sometimes feel that James's wide horizon and his eagerness to plan for the years ahead were, from a practical standpoint, a source of weakness. Possibly if he had not had so many things in mind, each of which was beyond criticism, he might have been satisfied with his labors."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James agreed to become the University of Illinois' fourth president in August 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten years before he accepted, he had been notified of the job offer. His initial objective was to establish contacts with various influential people across the nation and spend some time visiting campuses. </p><p>Before leaving his position, president Draper advised James to "[raise] scholarly standards and [improve] instruction," and warned that the University had received as much financial help from the state of Illinois as could be had. James ignored Draper's assessment of state appropriations, knowing that Illinois had increased spending in many categories and seeing an opportunity for the University to obtain monies that would fund future needs.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James requested and received a half million dollars from the state legislature. Two years later he obtained another half million dollars. In 1909 came three million dollars and in 1911 two hundred thousand dollars. In addition, via the mill tax law, James increased savings by seven times that of the prior thirty-six years. </p><p>At James' tenth year anniversary the University Senate honored his achievements during the 1914 commencement. A summary was presented by David Kinley (who would eventually succeed James), </p><p>"His have been large and far-reaching plans. He has seen the vision and has dreamed the dream. He has planned largely and asked largely, and therefore we have been treated with corresponding liberality. In physical development; in the enlargement of our faculty; in raising our standards and ideals of scholarship and investigation; in giving the world a proper estimation of the importance and progress of the University of Illinois – in all the elements of progress during the decade. Edmund James has inspired, has led, has achieved. With infinite patience and kindly tact and wisdom he has met and solved difficulties and opposition, and has overcome obstacles. He has always accepted and profited by kindly criticism. Over and over again he has skillfully turned hostile criticism to the accomplishment of the very purposes against which it was directed. Without ceasing he has impressed upon faculty and students the need for constantly rising standards of scholarship, and the importance of productive scholarship. In all that makes a man a great and successful university president, Edmund James has met the test, step by step, through the years he has been with us, raising the University to an ever higher level of work and reputation."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1919 James was granted a year's leave of absence in hopes of improving his health. A year later he was still unwell and submitted his resignation in the spring of 1920. A letter to the board in which he said how much the position had meant to him and was better suited for a younger man. Two years prior to his granted resignation, he had wished to resign from the position to enlist in the war and had said many times, "too young for the civil war and too old for this one." Even though the University had become a military academy and was helping the war, he was still not satisfied with this accomplishment.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_in_U.S.-China_relations">Legacy in U.S.-China relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy in U.S.-China relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President James had the vision to build strong ties with China through education as early as 1906. That year, James wrote to President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> proposing a plan to establish scholarships for Chinese students to come to the U.S., this was later known as the "<a href="/wiki/Boxer_Indemnity_Scholarship_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program">Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program</a>" (庚子賠款獎學金). James in his letter noted: "China is upon the verge of a revolution […] The nation which succeeds in educating the young Chinese of the present generation will be the nation which for a given expenditure of effort will reap the largest possible returns in moral, intellectual and commercial influence."<sup id="cite_ref-IAM_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAM-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President James established ties with China through the Chinese Minister to the United States, <a href="/wiki/Wu_Tingfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu Tingfang">Wu Ting-Fang</a>, and created a direct connection between China and the Urbana campus. James also set up the first office for foreign students in the United States. Between 1911 and 1920, the University of Illinois was educating a third of all the Chinese students in the United States; many that held degrees from Illinois later influenced China's development, including <a href="/wiki/Coching_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Coching Chu">Coching Chu</a> (class of 1913) who is known as "Father of Chinese Meteorology". Edward Y. Ying (class of 1939) was influential in the planning of modern Shanghai. H.Y. Moh (class of 1913) later became a cotton manufacturer and government minister.<sup id="cite_ref-IAM_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAM-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James married Anna Margarethe Lange on August 22, 1879, whom he met during his time at the University of Halle.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They had three children named Anthony John (b.1885), Herman Gerlach, (b.1887), and Helen Dickson, (b.1889). James never had the best health with the contribution of working late and not having much exercise except for his hobby of horseback riding. It was said that he would ride around campus in his horse peeking at a window or looking at many lands in the area. </p><p>He lived in the old white house in front of the campus until the first world war came and made it be used for the Y.M.C.A for the school of military aeronautics. He then resided to a house on Nevada St., later to be used by successor <a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">David Kinley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James was known to have many acquaintances around the world, including professors from different universities. He was an educated man who conversed on a variety of subjects, such as mathematics and natural sciences. He was said to be a kind person; one faculty member attributed his kindness to a wish to be appreciated.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motivation was a big factor in James's persona, shown when he encouraged students and faculty to reach for more. In a convocation on December 3, 1914, he said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I should like to have it said that at Illinois the members of the faculty from student assistants in the laboratories to the heads of departments show the keenest interest in the work and welfare of the students, helping them when they need help, inspiring them, holding them moreover always strictly to their work, as the most moral lesson which can be taught to a student.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_(1855%E2%80%931925)_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery,_Urbana,_IL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_%281855%E2%80%931925%29_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery%2C_Urbana%2C_IL.jpg/200px-Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_%281855%E2%80%931925%29_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery%2C_Urbana%2C_IL.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_%281855%E2%80%931925%29_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery%2C_Urbana%2C_IL.jpg/300px-Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_%281855%E2%80%931925%29_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery%2C_Urbana%2C_IL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_%281855%E2%80%931925%29_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery%2C_Urbana%2C_IL.jpg/400px-Grave_of_Edmund_Janes_James_%281855%E2%80%931925%29_at_Mount_Hope_Cemetery%2C_Urbana%2C_IL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1322" /></a><figcaption>James's grave at Mount Hope Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 17, after living for five years on a farm near Covina, California, James died at the age of seventy. His death was caused by uraemia and hardening of the arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-Dies_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dies-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Urbana. </p><p>In the funeral service, the University senate marched in their academic uniform with the active and honorary pallbearers beside them. In the sermon by Reverend James C. Baker, he would talk about the personal characteristics James had. David Kinley gave a speech summarizing the achievements of his old friend and leader. In addition to the speech, Kinley also recited a poem: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>The foothills of the mountain range<br /> Sweep downwards to the given;<br /> And who'd plant truth on the mountain top<br /> Must climb the hills between;<br /> O'er range on range, up peak on peak,<br /> His toilsome path pursue,<br /> And on each peak his beacon light,<br /> While he plans his work anew.<br /> The light from the beacon on each hill<br /> In widening circles sweeps,<br /> And evil, ignorance and fear<br /> Are swept from plain and steeps.<br /> Then up to the light walk the children of men,<br /> O'er the way that their leader has trod,<br /> Where o'er torrent and crag and peak he has blazed<br /> A path to the city of God<br /> Such, Edmund James, is the way you have walked<br /> Through the years of your dwelling time here,<br /> As up the hills of knowledge you've led<br /> With courage, wisdom and cheer,<br /> I give you greeting, Edmund James,<br /> In the name of the women and men<br /> Who've walked through dark and light with you,<br /> And know you a leader of men.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Falkner-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falkner_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falkner_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roland_P._Falkner" title="Roland P. Falkner">Falkner, Roland P.</a> (1896) "Editorial" <i>Annals of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Political_and_Social_Science" title="American Academy of Political and Social Science">American Academy of Political and Social Science</a></i> 7: pp. 74-77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dies-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dies_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dies_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rock-island-argus-educator-dies/124231051/">"Educator Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Island_Argus" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rock Island Argus">The Rock Island Argus</a></i>. Covina, California. AP. June 19, 1925<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rock+Island+Argus&rft.atitle=Educator+Dies&rft.date=1925-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-rock-island-argus-educator-dies%2F124231051%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolberg1993" class="citation journal cs1">Solberg, Winton U. (July 1993). "Edmund Janes James". <i>American National Biography</i>: 1–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Edmund+Janes+James&rft.pages=1-5&rft.date=1993-07&rft.aulast=Solberg&rft.aufirst=Winton+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Edmund Janes James". <i>Dictionary of American Biography</i>. <b>9</b>: 574–575.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+American+Biography&rft.atitle=Edmund+Janes+James&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=574-575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solberg-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Solberg_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Solberg, Winton U. (2004) "Edmund Janes James Builds a Library: The University of Illinois Library, 1904-1920" <i>Libraries & Culture</i> 39(1)P: pp. 36-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1955" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson, Ernest Minor (September 1, 1955). "The Career of Edmund Janes James". <i>The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i>. <b>301</b>: 97–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000271625530100113">10.1177/000271625530100113</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143570816">143570816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=The+Career+of+Edmund+Janes+James&rft.volume=301&rft.pages=97-100&rft.date=1955-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000271625530100113&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143570816%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Minor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1884;smode=advanced;f1-date=1884;startDoc=1">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fyear%3D1884%3Bsmode%3Dadvanced%3Bf1-date%3D1884%3BstartDoc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522083652/http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/presidents/james.html">"Edmund Janes James"</a>. <i>Northwestern University Archives</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/presidents/james.html">the original</a> on May 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northwestern+University+Archives&rft.atitle=Edmund+Janes+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexhibits.library.northwestern.edu%2Farchives%2Fexhibits%2Fpresidents%2Fjames.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Edmund Janes James". <i>Illinois Alumni News</i>. July 1925. pp. 313–316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Alumni+News&rft.atitle=Edmund+Janes+James&rft.pages=313-316&rft.date=1925-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAM-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAM_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAM_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Timmins, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://illinoisalumni.org/2011/12/15/enter-the-dragon/">"Enter the Dragon"</a>, <i>Illinois Alumni Magazine</i> December 15, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolberg" class="citation book cs1">Solberg, Winton U. "James, Edmund Janes". <i>American National Biography</i>. Vol. 11. pp. 813–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=James%2C+Edmund+Janes&rft.btitle=American+National+Biography&rft.pages=813-14&rft.aulast=Solberg&rft.aufirst=Winton+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolberg2009" class="citation journal cs1">Solberg, Winton U. (2009). "A Struggle for Control and a Moral Scandal: President Edmund J. James and the Powers of the President at the University of Illinois, 1911–14". <i>History of Education Quarterly</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 39–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1748-5959.2009.01167.x">10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.01167.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145470104">145470104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education+Quarterly&rft.atitle=A+Struggle+for+Control+and+a+Moral+Scandal%3A+President+Edmund+J.+James+and+the+Powers+of+the+President+at+the+University+of+Illinois%2C+1911%E2%80%9314&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-67&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1748-5959.2009.01167.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145470104%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Solberg&rft.aufirst=Winton+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+J.+James" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James, Edmund Janes. <i>Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois: A Statistical Study of the Administration of President Edmund J. James</i> (University of Illinois Press, 1920) , a primary source.</li> <li>Johnson, Jr., Henry C. and Erwin V. Johanningmeier. <i>Teachers for the Prairie: The University of Illinois and the Schools, 1868–1945</i> (1972)</li></ul> <ul><li>Swanson, Richard Allen. "Edmund J. James, 1855-1925: A 'Conservative Progressive' in American Higher Education." (PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1966; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1966. 6706749).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_J._James&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Edmund_Janes_James" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Edmund Janes James">Edmund J. 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id="Leaders_of_the_University_of_Illinois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois system"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">University of Illinois</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #13294b; color: #FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_University_of_Illinois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the University of Illinois system"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">System presidents</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Gregory" title="John Milton Gregory">Gregory</a> (1867–1880)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selim_Peabody" title="Selim Peabody">Peabody</a> (1880–1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jonathan_Burrill" title="Thomas Jonathan Burrill">Burrill</a> (1891–1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_S._Draper" title="Andrew S. Draper">Draper</a> (1894–1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James</a> (1904–1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">Kinley</a> (1920–1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Woodburn_Chase" title="Harry Woodburn Chase">Chase</a> (1930–1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_H._Daniels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur H. Daniels (page does not exist)">Daniels</a><sup>#</sup> (1933–1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cutts_Willard" title="Arthur Cutts Willard">Willard</a> (1934–1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_D._Stoddard" title="George D. Stoddard">Stoddard</a> (1946–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Morey" title="Lloyd Morey">Morey</a><sup>†</sup> (1954–1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_D._Henry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David D. Henry (page does not exist)">Henry</a> (1955–1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Corbally" title="John E. Corbally">Corbally</a> (1971—1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_O._Ikenberry" title="Stanley O. Ikenberry">Ikenberry</a> (1979—1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_J._Stukel" title="James J. Stukel">Stukel</a> (1995—2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B._Joseph_White" title="B. Joseph White">White</a> (2005—2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_O._Ikenberry" title="Stanley O. Ikenberry">Ikenberry</a><sup>#</sup> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hogan_(academic)" title="Michael Hogan (academic)">Hogan</a> (2010—2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Easter" title="Robert A. Easter">Easter</a> (2012–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_L._Killeen" title="Timothy L. Killeen">Killeen</a> (2015–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #13294b; color: #FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Illinois_Chicago" title="List of chancellors of the University of Illinois Chicago"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UIC chancellors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_N._Langenberg" title="Donald N. Langenberg">Langenberg</a> (1983–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_J._Stukel" title="James J. Stukel">Stukel</a><sup>†</sup> (1990–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Broski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Broski (page does not exist)">Broski</a><sup>†</sup> (1995–1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylvia_Manning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylvia Manning (page does not exist)">Manning</a><sup>†</sup> (1999–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Gislason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Gislason (page does not exist)">Gislason</a><sup>#</sup> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paula_Allen-Meares" title="Paula Allen-Meares">Allen-Meares</a> (2009–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Gislason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Gislason (page does not exist)">Gislason</a><sup>#</sup> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_D._Amiridis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael D. Amiridis (page does not exist)">Amiridis</a> (2015–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #13294b; color: #FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="List of chancellors of the University of Illinois Springfield"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UIS chancellors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_B._Lynn" title="Naomi B. Lynn">Lynn</a> (1995–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_D._Ringeisen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard D. Ringeisen (page does not exist)">Ringeisen</a> (2001–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_J._Koch_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan J. Koch (academic) (page does not exist)">Koch</a> (2011–2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_M._Whitney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen M. Whitney (page does not exist)">Whitney</a><sup>#</sup> (2020–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #13294b; color: #FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="List of chancellors of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UIUC chancellors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Peltason" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack W. Peltason">Peltason</a> (1967–1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_W._Weir" title="Morton W. Weir">Weir</a><sup>#</sup> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_P._Gerberding" title="William P. Gerberding">Gerberding</a> (1978–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Cribbet" title="John E. Cribbet">Cribbet</a><sup>†</sup> (1979–1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eugene_Everhart" title="Thomas Eugene Everhart">Everhart</a> (1984–1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_W._Weir" title="Morton W. Weir">Weir</a><sup>†</sup> (1987–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Aiken" title="Michael Aiken">Aiken</a> (1993–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cantor" title="Nancy Cantor">Cantor</a> (2001–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Herman" title="Richard Herman">Herman</a> (2004–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Easter" title="Robert A. Easter">Easter</a><sup>#</sup> (2009–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Wise" title="Phyllis Wise">Wise</a> (2011–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_J._Wilson" title="Barbara J. Wilson">Wilson</a><sup>#</sup> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Jones" title="Robert J. Jones">Jones</a> (2016–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #13294b; color: #FFFFFF"><div><sup>#</sup> <i>denotes an acting or interim role</i> — <sup>†</sup> <i>denotes having served as interim before serving in a permanent capacity</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" title="Template:Presidents of the American Economic Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" title="Template talk:Presidents of the American Economic Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Economic Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Economic_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">Presidents of the American Economic Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1886–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis A. Walker</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Franklin_Dunbar" title="Charles Franklin Dunbar">Charles F. Dunbar</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John B. Clark</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Carter_Adams" title="Henry Carter Adams">Henry C. Adams</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Twining_Hadley" title="Arthur Twining Hadley">Arthur T. Hadley</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_R._A._Seligman" title="Edwin R. A. Seligman">Edwin R. A. Seligman</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Taussig" title="F. W. Taussig">F. W. Taussig</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Jenks" title="Jeremiah Jenks">Jeremiah W. Jenks</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Patten" title="Simon Patten">Simon N. Patten</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Rich_Dewey" title="Davis Rich Dewey">Davis R. Dewey</a> (1909)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edmund J. James</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walcott_Farnam" title="Henry Walcott Farnam">Henry W. Farnam</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Frank A. Fetter</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">David Kinley</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Gray_(economist)" title="John H. Gray (economist)">John H. Gray</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Willcox" title="Walter Francis Willcox">Walter F. Willcox</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nixon_Carver" title="Thomas Nixon Carver">Thomas N. Carver</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gardner" title="Henry B. Gardner">Henry B. Gardner</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Davenport" title="Herbert J. Davenport">Herbert J. Davenport</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hollander" title="Jacob Hollander">Jacob H. Hollander</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rogers_Seager" title="Henry Rogers Seager">Henry R. Seager</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Plehn" title="Carl C. Plehn">Carl C. Plehn</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley C. Mitchell</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_Abbott_Young" title="Allyn Abbott Young">Allyn A. Young</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_W._Kemmerer" title="Edwin W. Kemmerer">Edwin W. Kemmerer</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewall_Adams" title="Thomas Sewall Adams">Thomas S. Adams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Francis_Gay" title="Edwin Francis Gay">Edwin F. Gay</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_B._Hammond" title="Matthew B. Hammond">Matthew B. Hammond</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Bogart" title="Ernest L. Bogart">Ernest L. Bogart</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Barnett" title="George E. Barnett">George E. Barnett</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Ripley" title="William Z. Ripley">William Z. Ripley</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Millis" title="Harry A. Millis">Harry A. Millis</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John M. Clark</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Saunders_Johnson" title="Alvin Saunders Johnson">Alvin S. Johnson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_M._W._Sprague" title="Oliver M. W. Sprague">Oliver M. W. Sprague</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Hansen" title="Alvin Hansen">Alvin Hansen</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Viner" title="Jacob Viner">Jacob Viner</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Mills" title="Frederick C. Mills">Frederick C. Mills</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Slichter" title="Sumner Slichter">Sumner Slichter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Griswold_Nourse" title="Edwin Griswold Nourse">Edwin G. Nourse</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Wolfe" title="Albert B. Wolfe">Albert B. Wolfe</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Davis" title="Joseph S. Davis">Joseph S. Davis</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Leo_Sharfman" title="Isaiah Leo Sharfman">I. Leo Sharfman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Goldenweiser" title="Emanuel Goldenweiser">Emanuel A. Goldenweiser</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_S._Ellis" title="Howard S. Ellis">Howard S. Ellis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Frank Knight</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Williams_(economist)" title="John Henry Williams (economist)">John H. Williams</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold A. Innis</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_B._Hoover" title="Calvin B. Hoover">Calvin B. Hoover</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Black" title="John D. Black">John D. Black</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Witte" title="Edwin E. Witte">Edwin E. Witte</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_A._Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris A. Copeland">Morris A. Copeland</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sagendorph_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Sagendorph Mason">Edward S. Mason</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler" title="Gottfried Haberler">Gottfried Haberler</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Spengler" title="Joseph J. Spengler">Joseph J. Spengler</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Fritz Machlup</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fellner" title="William Fellner">William J. Fellner</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heller" title="Walter Heller">Walter W. Heller</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aaron_Gordon" title="Robert Aaron Gordon">R. Aaron Gordon</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Abramovitz" title="Moses Abramovitz">Moses Abramovitz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">William J. Baumol</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Ackley" title="Gardner Ackley">Gardner Ackley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">W. Arthur Lewis</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schultze" title="Charles Schultze">Charles L. Schultze</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Kindleberger" title="Charles P. Kindleberger">Charles P. Kindleberger</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Rivlin" title="Alice Rivlin">Alice M. Rivlin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Eisner" title="Robert Eisner">Robert Eisner</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Pechman" title="Joseph A. Pechman">Joseph A. Pechman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fuchs" title="Victor Fuchs">Victor R. Fuchs</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Osborn_Krueger" title="Anne Osborn Krueger">Anne O. Krueger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Harberger" title="Arnold Harberger">Arnold C. Harberger</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Gale_Johnson" title="D. Gale Johnson">D. Gale Johnson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale W. Jorgenson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherwin_Rosen" title="Sherwin Rosen">Sherwin Rosen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Feldstein" title="Martin Feldstein">Martin Feldstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hall_(economist)" title="Robert Hall (economist)">Robert Hall</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orley_Ashenfelter" title="Orley Ashenfelter">Orley Ashenfelter</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan Athey</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Currie" title="Janet Currie">Janet Currie</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339580#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339580#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339580#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008842457X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47125547">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/273019/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr3t43dMFxfdtHwG6QTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117610984">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90675305">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00771283">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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