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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Navarre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Navarre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kingdom of Navarre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Navarre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Province_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Province_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Province of Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Province_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Loss_of_home_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_home_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Loss of home rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_home_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_and_military_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_and_military_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Republic and military uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_and_military_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Post-war scene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tension_during_the_Spanish_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tension_during_the_Spanish_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Tension during the Spanish transition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tension_during_the_Spanish_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutions_and_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions_and_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Institutions and status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions_and_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present-day_political_dynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present-day_political_dynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Present-day political dynamics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-day_political_dynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Energy policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_shift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_shift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Language shift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_shift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_division_of_the_territory_and_legal_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_division_of_the_territory_and_legal_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Linguistic division of the territory and legal consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_division_of_the_territory_and_legal_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denomination_of_local_entities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denomination_of_local_entities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Denomination of local entities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denomination_of_local_entities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basque_dialects_in_Navarre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basque_dialects_in_Navarre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Basque dialects in Navarre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basque_dialects_in_Navarre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_traits_of_the_Spanish_spoken_in_Navarre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_traits_of_the_Spanish_spoken_in_Navarre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Linguistic traits of the Spanish spoken in Navarre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_traits_of_the_Spanish_spoken_in_Navarre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Navarre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AB%E1%88%AB" title="ናቫራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናቫራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="منطقة نبرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة نبرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comun%C3%B4t%C3%A2t_for%C3%A2la_de_Navarra" title="Comunôtât forâla de Navarra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Comunôtât forâla de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(muxtar_icma)" title="Navarra (muxtar icma) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Navarra (muxtar icma)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نابارا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نابارا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C)" title="Навара (аўтаномная супольнасць) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навара (аўтаномная супольнасць)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C)" title="Навара (аўтаномная супольнасьць) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Навара (аўтаномная супольнасьць)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Навара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Навара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(rehiyon)" title="Navarra (rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Navarra (rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafarroa_Garaia" title="Nafarroa Garaia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nafarroa Garaia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_eanangoddi" title="Navarra eanangoddi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Navarra eanangoddi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Ναβάρρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναβάρρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navaro" title="Navaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Navaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafarroa_Garaia" title="Nafarroa Garaia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nafarroa Garaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نابارا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نابارا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_forale_de_Navarre" title="Communauté forale de Navarre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communauté forale de Navarre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafarroa" title="Nafarroa – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nafarroa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="나바라주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나바라주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1_(%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D6%84)" title="Նավառա (ինքնավար համայնք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նավառա (ինքնավար համայնք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="नावारा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नावारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%C3%A6_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%C3%A6%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Наваррæ (автономон æмбалад) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Наваррæ (автономон æмбалад)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="נווארה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נווארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Navarre" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90)" title="ნავარა (ავტონომიური გაერთიანება) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნავარა (ავტონომიური გაერთიანება)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Наварра (автономды бірлестік) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Наварра (автономды бірлестік)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Navarre" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(regio)" title="Navarra (regio) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Navarra (regio)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yl%C3%A4-Nafarroa" title="Ylä-Nafarroa – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ylä-Nafarroa" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(auton%C3%B3m_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6ss%C3%A9g)" title="Navarra (autonóm közösség) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Navarra (autonóm közösség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Навара – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Навара" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Navarre" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="नाबारा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नाबारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90)" title="ნავარა (ავტონომიური გოართოიანაფა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნავარა (ავტონომიური გოართოიანაფა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ناڤارا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناڤارا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ناوارا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ناوارا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Наварра – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Наварра" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(regio)" title="Navarra (regio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Navarra (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E5%B7%9E" title="ナバラ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナバラ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunautat_Forala_de_Navarra" title="Comunautat Forala de Navarra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comunautat Forala de Navarra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(Ispaniya)" title="Navarra (Ispaniya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Navarra (Ispaniya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ناوارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناوارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawarra" title="Nawarra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nawarra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra_(muhtar_toplul%C4%B1%C4%9F)" title="Navarra (muhtar toplulığ) – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Navarra (muhtar toplulığ)" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawarra" title="Nawarra – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nawarra" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Наварра (автономное сообщество) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наварра (автономное сообщество)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Navarre" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Navarre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نەبارا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەبارا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Навара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Навара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Наварра – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Наварра" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แคว้นนาวาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นนาวาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Наварра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наварра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ناوار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناوار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navara" title="Navara – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Navara" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="纳瓦拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纳瓦拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%8F%AF%E6%8B%89" title="納華拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="納華拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarra" title="Navarra – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Navarra" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="納瓦拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="納瓦拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4018#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Navarre&params=42_49_N_1_39_W_type:adm1st_region:ES-NA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.817°N 1.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.817; -1.650</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre_(province)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarre (province)">Navarre (province)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community and province of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the autonomous community in Spain. For the medieval kingdom, see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Navarre_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Navarre (disambiguation)">Navarre (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community and province in Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Navarre</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Navarra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span><br /><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafarroa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Chartered Community of Navarre<br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Comunidad Foral de Navarra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span><br /><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_Navarra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Navarre"><img alt="Flag of Navarra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/125px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/188px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/250px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Navarre" title="Flag of Navarre">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Navarre"><img alt="Coat-of-arms of Navarra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg/57px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg/86px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg/115px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="957" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Navarre" title="Coat of arms of Navarre">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: Gorteen Ereserkia / Himno de las Cortes <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">"Anthem of the Courts"</span><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navarra_in_Spain_(including_Canarias).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Navarre"><img alt="Map of Navarre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Navarra_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/275px-Navarra_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Navarra_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/413px-Navarra_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Navarra_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/550px-Navarra_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Navarre within Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Navarre&params=42_49_N_1_39_W_type:adm1st_region:ES-NA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.817°N 1.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.817; -1.650</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_Navarre" title="President of the Government of Navarre">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Chivite" title="María Chivite">María Chivite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">PSN-PSOE</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2.2% of Spain; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by area">Ranked 11th</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,391 km<sup>2</sup> (4,012 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">661,537</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">64/km<sup>2</sup> (160/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by population">Pop. rank</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Percent<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.3% of Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">Navarrese</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>)<br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Navarro/a</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">es</a>)<br /><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafartar</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">eu</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€22.595 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€33,798 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ES" title="ISO 3166-2:ES">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ES-NA</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> is co-official in the Basque-speaking areas)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Statute of Autonomy</th><td class="infobox-data">16 August 1982</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament of Navarre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 (of 350) deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 (of 265) senators</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.926<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navarra.es/home_en/">www<wbr />.navarra<wbr />.es<wbr />/home<wbr />_en<wbr />/</a></span> (ES) <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navarra.es/eu/hasiera">www<wbr />.navarra<wbr />.es<wbr />/eu<wbr />/hasiera</a></span> (EUS)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="300" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_32532e6bdbb1aa708b80d5147f548eb052e6b06f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,270x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Navarre&revid=1254206787&groups=_32532e6bdbb1aa708b80d5147f548eb052e6b06f" width="270" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,270x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Navarre&revid=1254206787&groups=_32532e6bdbb1aa708b80d5147f548eb052e6b06f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Navarre</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">nə-<span style="font-size:90%">VAR</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Navarra</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[naˈβara]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7f\/Pronunciation_of_Navarre_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Navarre_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Navarre in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/Pronunciation_of_Navarre_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Navarre_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Navarre_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Navarre in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">Nafarroa</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="eu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[nafaro.a]</a></span>), officially the <b>Chartered Community of Navarre</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a landlocked <a href="/wiki/Fuero" title="Fuero">foral</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">province</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, bordering the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Autonomous Community</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> in Spain and <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The capital city is <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (Basque: <i lang="eu">Iruña</i>). The present-day province makes up the majority of the territory of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a>, a long-standing <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenean</a> kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost part, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a>, located in the southwest corner of France. </p><p>Navarre is in the transition zone between the green <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Coast" title="Cantabrian Coast">Cantabrian Coast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> interior areas and thus its landscapes vary widely across the region. Being in a transition zone also produces a highly variable climate, with summers that are a mix of cooler spells and heat waves, and winters that are mild for the latitude. Navarre is one of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">historic Basque provinces</a>: its Basque features are conspicuous in the north, but virtually absent on the southern fringes. The best-known event in Navarre is the annual <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_San_Ferm%C3%ADn" title="Festival of San Fermín">festival of San Fermín</a> held in Pamplona in July. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first documented use of a name resembling <i>Navarra</i>, <i>Nafarroa</i>, or <i>Naparroa</i> is a reference to <i>navarros</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Eginhard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eginhard">Eginhard</a>'s early-9th-century chronicle of the feats of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, describing his intrusion to the Ebro river.<sup id="cite_ref-Auñamendi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auñamendi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Royal_Frankish_Annals" title="Royal Frankish Annals">Royal Frankish Annals</a> feature <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">nabarros</i></span>. There are two proposed etymologies for the name.<sup id="cite_ref-Auñamendi_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auñamendi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Basque <i>nabar</i> (declined <a href="/wiki/Absolutive_case" title="Absolutive case">absolute</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a> <i>nabarra</i>): "brownish", "multicolour" (i. e. in contrast to the green mountainous lands north of the original County of Navarre).</li> <li>Basque <i>naba</i> (or Spanish <i>nava</i>): "valley", "plain" + Basque <i>herri</i> ("people", "land").</li></ul> <p>The linguist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Coromines" title="Joan Coromines">Joan Coromines</a> considers <i>naba</i> to be linguistically part of a wider <a href="/wiki/Vasconic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasconic">Vasconic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_language" title="Aquitanian language">Aquitanian language</a> substrate, rather than Basque <i>per se</i>. </p><p>The official name in Basque is <i><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafarroa</i></span></i>, but the form <i><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Nafarroa Garaia</i></span> "Upper Navarre"</i> is also often seen, to distinguish the province from neighboring <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg/210px-Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg/315px-Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg/420px-Coins_of_Arsaos_in_Navarre_Spain_150BCE_100BCE_Roman_stylistic_influence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Coins of Arsaos, Navarre, 150 – 100 BC, showing <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>'s stylistic influence</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castillo_javier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Castillo_javier.jpg/210px-Castillo_javier.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Castillo_javier.jpg/315px-Castillo_javier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Castillo_javier.jpg/420px-Castillo_javier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Xabier" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Xabier">Castle of Xabier</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before and during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a> populated the southern slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>, including the area which would ultimately become Navarre. In the mountainous north, the Vascones escaped large-scale Roman settlement, except for some coastal areas—for example <a href="/wiki/Oiasso" title="Oiasso">Oiasso</a> (in what is now <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>)—and the flatter areas to the south, <a href="/wiki/Calahorra" title="Calahorra">Calagurris</a> (in what is now La Rioja), which were amenable to <a href="/wiki/Latifundium" title="Latifundium">large-scale Roman farming</a>—vineyards, olives, and wheat crops. There is no evidence of battles fought or general hostility between Romans and Basques, as they had the same enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Navarre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a></div> <p>Neither the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> ever completely subjugated the area. The Vascones (to become the Basques) assimilated neighbouring tribes as of the 7th century AD. In the year 778, the Basques defeated a Frankish army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass">Battle of Roncevaux Pass</a>. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass_(824)" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)">Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)</a>, the Basque chieftain <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Iñigo Arista</a> was elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Pamplona">King of Pamplona</a> supported by the <a href="/wiki/Muwallad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwallad">muwallad</a> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Banu Qasi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a>, establishing a Basque kingdom that was later called Navarre.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That kingdom reached its zenith during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho III of Navarre">Sancho III</a>, comprising most of the Christian realms to the south of the Pyrenees, and even a short overlordship of <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a> (in the early 11th century).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990181_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990181-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Sancho III died in 1035, the kingdom was divided between his sons.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It never fully recovered its political power, while its commercial importance increased as traders and pilgrims (<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language#Occitan_in_Spain" title="Occitan language">the <i>Francs</i></a>) poured into the kingdom via the <a href="/wiki/Way_of_Saint_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of Saint James">Way of Saint James</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990214–215_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990214–215-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1200, Navarre lost the key <a href="/wiki/Basque_Autonomous_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Autonomous Community">western Basque districts</a> to <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_VIII_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse VIII of Castile">Alphonse VIII of Castile</a>, leaving the kingdom landlocked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990185_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990185-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navarre then contributed with a small but symbolic force of 200 knights to the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa">Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa</a> in 1212 against the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">native line of kings</a> came to an end in 1234; their heirs intermarried with French dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990232_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990232-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Navarrese kept most of their strong <a href="/wiki/Fueros_of_Navarre" title="Fueros of Navarre">laws and institutions</a>. The death of <a href="/wiki/Blanche_I_of_Navarre" title="Blanche I of Navarre">Queen Blanche I</a> (1441) inaugurated a civil war period between the Beaumont and Agramont confederacies with the intervention of the Castilian-Aragonese <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a> in Navarre's internal affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonrealJimeno201210–15_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonrealJimeno201210–15-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Iberian_Navarre" title="Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre">In 1512, Navarre was invaded</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand the Catholic">Ferdinand the Catholic</a>'s troops,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Navarre" title="Catherine of Navarre">Queen Catherine</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Navarre" title="John III of Navarre">King John III</a> withdrawing <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre#Independent_Navarre_north_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Kingdom of Navarre">to the north of the Pyrenees</a>, and establishing a Kingdom of Navarre-<a href="/wiki/Viscounty_of_B%C3%A9arn" title="Viscounty of Béarn">Béarn</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Queen Joan III</a> as of 1555. </p><p>To the south of the Pyrenees, Navarre was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> in 1515, but kept a separate ambiguous status, and a shaky balance up to 1610—<a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry III</a> was ready to march over Spanish Navarre. A Chartered Government was established (the <i>Diputación</i>), and the kingdom managed to keep home rule. Tensions with the Spanish government came to a head as of 1794, when Spanish premier <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Godoy" title="Manuel Godoy">Manuel Godoy</a> attempted to suppress Navarrese and Basque self-government altogether, with the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Carlist_War" title="First Carlist War">First Carlist War</a> (1839 – 1841) definitely bringing the kingdom and its home rule (<i>fueros</i>) to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990275_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990275-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Province_of_Spain">Province of Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Province of Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_carlistes,_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra,_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache,_de_Vierge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Les_carlistes%2C_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra%2C_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache%2C_de_Vierge.jpg/220px-Les_carlistes%2C_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra%2C_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache%2C_de_Vierge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Les_carlistes%2C_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra%2C_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache%2C_de_Vierge.jpg/330px-Les_carlistes%2C_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra%2C_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache%2C_de_Vierge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Les_carlistes%2C_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra%2C_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache%2C_de_Vierge.jpg/440px-Les_carlistes%2C_battus_%C3%A0_Montejurra%2C_transportent_leurs_bless%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_l%27h%C3%B4pital_d%27Irache%2C_de_Vierge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Carlists in retreat to the Irache monastery during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NafarForuak.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NafarForuak.JPG/220px-NafarForuak.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NafarForuak.JPG/330px-NafarForuak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NafarForuak.JPG/440px-NafarForuak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to the <a href="/wiki/Fueros_of_Navarre" title="Fueros of Navarre">Charters of Navarre</a> erected by popular subscription in <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, after the Gamazada (1903)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArturoCampi%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/ArturoCampi%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-ArturoCampi%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/ArturoCampi%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Arturo Campión (1854 – 1937), a major Basque Navarrese activist, and MP in Madrid during the Gamazada</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NafarParlamentua.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NafarParlamentua.JPG/220px-NafarParlamentua.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NafarParlamentua.JPG/330px-NafarParlamentua.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NafarParlamentua.JPG/440px-NafarParlamentua.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Façade of the Parliament of Navarre in Pamplona</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loss_of_home_rule">Loss of home rule</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Loss of home rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the 1839 <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Vergara" title="Convention of Vergara">Convention of Bergara</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Ley_de_Confirmaci%C3%B3n_de_Fueros">a reduced version of home rule (<i>fueros</i>)</a> was passed in 1839. However, the 1841 <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Ley_de_Modificaci%C3%B3n_de_fueros_de_Navarra_de_16_de_agosto_de_1841">Act for the Modification of Fueros</a> (later called the "Compromise Act", <i>Ley Paccionada</i>) definitely made the kingdom into a province after a compromise was reached by the Spanish government with officials of the Provincial Council of Navarre. The relocation of customs from the Ebro river to the Pyrenees in 1841 prompted the collapse of Navarre's customary cross-Pyrenean trade and the rise of smuggling. </p><p>Amid instability in Spain, Carlists took over in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">Navarre and the rest of the Basque provinces</a>. An actual Basque state was established during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a> with <a href="/wiki/Estella-Lizarra" title="Estella-Lizarra">Estella</a> as its capital (1872 – 1876), but King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XII of Spain">Alfonso XII</a>'s restoration in the throne of Spain and a counter-attack prompted the Carlist defeat. The end of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Carlist_War" title="Third Carlist War">Third Carlist War</a> saw <a href="/wiki/End_of_Basque_home_rule_in_Spain" title="End of Basque home rule in Spain">a renewed wave of Spanish centralisation</a> directly affecting Navarre. </p><p>In 1893 – 1894 the <i><a href="/wiki/Gamazada" title="Gamazada">Gamazada</a></i> popular uprising took place centred in Pamplona against Madrid's governmental decisions breaching the 1841 chartered provisions. Except for a small faction (the so-called <i>Alfonsinos</i>), all parties in Navarre agreed on the need for a new political framework based on home rule within the <i><a href="/wiki/Laurak_Bat" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurak Bat">Laurak Bat</a></i>, the Basque districts in Spain. Among these, the <a href="/wiki/Navarrese_electoral_Carlism_(Restoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarrese electoral Carlism (Restoration)">Carlists stood out</a>, who politically dominated the province, and resented an increased string of rulings and laws passed by Madrid, as well as left leaning influences. Unlike Biscay or Gipuzkoa, Navarre did not develop manufacturing during this period, remaining a basically rural economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_and_military_uprising">Republic and military uprising</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Republic and military uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">Basque Country</a>'s <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Estatuto_General_del_Estado_Vasco_aprobado_en_la_Magna_Asamblea_de_Municipios_Vascos_celebrada_en_Estella_(Lizarra)_el_d%C3%ADa_14_de_Junio_de_1931">separate statute</a> failed to take off over disagreements on the centrality of Catholicism, a scene of political radicalisation ensued dividing the leftist and rightist forces during the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Spanish_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Spanish Republic">2nd Spanish Republic</a> (1931 – 1939). Thousands of landless labourers occupied properties of wealthy landowners in October 1933, leaving the latter eager for revenge.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most reactionary and clerical Carlists came to prominence, ideologues such as <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Pradera_Larumbe" title="Víctor Pradera Larumbe">Víctor Pradera</a>, and an understanding with <a href="/wiki/General_Mola" class="mw-redirect" title="General Mola">General Mola</a> paved the way to the Spanish Nationalist uprising in Pamplona (18 July 1936). </p><p>The triumphant military revolt was followed by a terror campaign in the rearguard against blacklisted individuals considered to be progressive ("reds"), mildly republican, or just inconvenient.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purge especially affected southern Navarre along the Ebro banks, and counted on the active complicity of the clergy, who adopted the fascist salute and even involved in murderous tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Civil_War_in_Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Victims of Civil War in Navarra">The killing</a> took a death toll of at least 2,857, plus a further 305 dying in prisons (ill-treatment, malnutrition).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dead were buried in mass graves or discarded into chasms abounding on the central hilly areas (Urbasa, etc.). Basque nationalists were also chased to a lesser extent, e.g. Fortunato Aguirre, a <a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">Basque nationalist</a> and mayor of Estella (and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Osasuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Osasuna">Osasuna</a> Football Club), was executed in September 1936. Humiliation and silence ensued for the survivors. Pamplona became the rebel launching point against the Republic during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_the_North" title="War in the North">War in the North</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war_scene">Post-war scene</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-war scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a reward for its support in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (Navarre sided for the most part with the military uprising), <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> allowed Navarre, as it happened with <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a>, to maintain during his dictatorship a number of prerogatives reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Fueros_of_Navarre" title="Fueros of Navarre">the ancient Navarrese liberties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bleak post-war years were shaken by shortage, famine, and smuggling, with the economy relying on agriculture (wheat, vineyards, olive, barley), and a negative migration balance. The victors came to cluster around two main factions, <a href="/wiki/Carlism#Spanish_Civil_War_and_Franco_regime_(1936–1975)" title="Carlism">Carlists</a> and <a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">Falangists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the totalitarian ultra-Catholic environment provided fertile grounds for another religious group, the <a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a>, to found their <a href="/wiki/University_of_Navarra" title="University of Navarra">University of Navarre</a> (1952), ever more influential in Pamplona. </p><p>The coming of the society of consumption and incipient economic liberalisation saw also the establishment of factories and workshops during the early 1960s (automobile manufacturing and accessories, etc.), especially around the overgrown capital. It was followed by labour and political unrest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tension_during_the_Spanish_transition">Tension during the Spanish transition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tension during the Spanish transition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Officials and figures with good connections to the Navarrese regional government went on to join <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Suarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Suarez">Adolfo Suárez</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">UCD</a>, later splitting into the party <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_del_Pueblo_Navarro" class="mw-redirect" title="Unión del Pueblo Navarro">UPN</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Aizp%C3%BAn_Tuero" title="Jesús Aizpún Tuero">Jesús Aizpún Tuero</a> (1979), refusing to join a democratic constitutional process on the grounds that Navarre's charters (or <i>fueros</i>) remained in place. They also refused to join the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_the_Basque_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country">Basque process</a> to become an autonomous community, where recently legalised Basque nationalist and leftist parties held a majority. </p><p>A continuation of the institutional framework inherited from the dictatorship and its accommodation into the Spanish democracy was guaranteed by the Betterment ("Amejoramiento"), a Navarre-only solution considered 'an upgrade' of its former status issued from the (remains of the) charters. In a three-year span, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">Spanish Socialists in Navarre</a> veered in their position, quit the Basque process, and joined the arrangement adopted for Navarre (Chartered Community of Navarre, 1982). The reform was not ratified by referendum, as demanded by Basque nationalist and minority leftist forces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions_and_status">Institutions and status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Institutions and status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg/200px-Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg/300px-Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg/400px-Pamplona_-_Policia_Foral_de_Navarra1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Patrol unit from the <a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Foral" title="Policía Foral">Policía Foral</a>, the Navarrese autonomous police force, that largely replaces the <a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Nacional_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Policía Nacional (Spain)">Spanish National Police</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a> in this territory.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Franco's dictatorship</a>, Navarre became one of the 17 <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous Communities</a> in Spain. The community ceremonies, education, and social services, together with housing, urban development, and environment protection policies are under the responsibility of Navarre's political institutions. As in the rest of the communities, Navarre has a <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament</a> elected every four years, and the majority in this Parliament determines the president of the Community, who is in charge of Navarre's government. Unlike most other autonomous communities of Spain (but like the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Autonomous Community</a>), Navarre has almost full responsibility for collecting and administering taxes which must follow the overall guidelines established by the Spanish government but may have some minor differences. </p><p>The first 3 presidents of the community belonged to the extinct <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a> (UCD) party. After 1984 the government was ruled by either the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">Socialist Party of Navarre</a> (PSN – PSOE, one of the federative components of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a>, main centre-left wing party in Spain) or the <a href="/wiki/Navarrese_People%27s_Union" title="Navarrese People's Union">Navarrese People's Union</a> (UPN) (a Navarrese party that had a long alliance with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a> (PP), main right-wing party in Spain). However, in 2015 <a href="/wiki/Uxue_Barkos" title="Uxue Barkos">Uxue Barkos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geroa_Bai" title="Geroa Bai">Geroa Bai</a>) became president with the support of <a href="/wiki/EH_Bildu" title="EH Bildu">EH Bildu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Izquierda-Ezkerra" title="Izquierda-Ezkerra">Izquierda-Ezkerra</a>. She is the first <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque nationalist</a> president in Navarre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque nationalist</a> parties also represent a sizeable part of the vote (around 31% in the <a href="/wiki/Navarrese_regional_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarrese regional election, 2015">2015 elections</a>), and a majority in most of the northern areas. Basque nationalist parties have as a key point in their agendas to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">merge Navarre into the Basque Autonomous Community</a> by referendum (as predicted in the Spanish constitution). All Spain-based parties, as well as UPN and PSN, oppose this move. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present-day_political_dynamics">Present-day political dynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Present-day political dynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg/220px-NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg/330px-NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg/440px-NavarreParliamentDiagram2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Seat distribution in the Parliament of Navarre since 2019. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B5CF18; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/EH_Bildu" title="EH Bildu">EH Bildu</a> (7)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C80F70; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Izquierda-Ezkerra" title="Izquierda-Ezkerra">Izquierda-Ezkerra</a> (1)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5A205A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos-Ahal Dugu</a> (2)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F75E42; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Geroa_Bai" title="Geroa Bai">Geroa Bai</a> (9)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF1C27; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">PSN</a> (11)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#819DA3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Navarra_Suma" title="Navarra Suma">Navarra Suma</a> (20)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Politics in Navarre have been marked by fierce rivalry between two blocs representing different national identities that are part of Navarre society: the Basque nationalist EH Bildu and pro-Basque Geroa Bai parties, on the one side, and the institutional pro-Spanish parties, UPN, PP and PSN on the other. Parties on the pro-Basque spectrum demand further sovereignty in internal affairs of Navarre and closer relationship with the districts of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Autonomous_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Autonomous Community">Basque Autonomous Community</a>. In the past, pro-Basque parties were excluded from key political posts and institutions. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another 2013–2014 controversy refers to the alleged ideological profiling of public school Basque language teachers, billed as "<a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a> supporting teachers".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the establishment of Navarre's present status (the <i>Amejoramiento</i>, the 'Betterment') in 1982, the successive regional governments ruled by UPN and PSN have been shaken by frequent political instability and <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Navarre" title="Corruption in Navarre">corruption scandals</a>, with UPN's Miguel Sanz's term being the most stable and longest, extending from 2001 to 2011. Between 2012 and 2014, a series of corruption scandals broke out involving regional president <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Barcina" title="Yolanda Barcina">Yolanda Barcina</a> and other regional government officials that included influence peddling, embezzlement, misappropriation of funds and mismanagement leading to the <a href="/wiki/Caja_Navarra_scandal" title="Caja Navarra scandal">bankruptcy of Caja Navarra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 2012, the PSN—UPN's standing ally in Navarre up to that point—backed down on its support of UPN, but refused to impeach Yolanda Barcina or search new political alliances, leaving a deadlocked government. The regional president, widely questioned in Navarre as of 2012 and relying only on the PP central government's backup, went on to urge the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a> to challenge several decisions made by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament of Navarre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the latest scandal and corruption allegations affecting a secretary of her cabinet (Lourdes Goicoechea, regional public finance secretary) in February 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Spanish home office secretary <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Fern%C3%A1ndez_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jorge Fernández Díaz">Jorge Fernández Díaz</a> stepped in warning leading members of PSN that "Navarre is strategic for Spain", and asserting that any other political alliance means "supporting ETA". The Justice secretary in Madrid <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ruiz_Gallard%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberto Ruiz Gallardón">Alberto Ruiz Gallardón</a> in turn stated that "the worst political error is not corruption" but getting along with <a href="/wiki/Bildu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bildu">Bildu</a> (a Basque pro-independence coalition).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2015, the elections for Navarre Parliament left a better result for pro-Basque parties, which managed to establish an alliance, <a href="/wiki/Uxue_Barkos" title="Uxue Barkos">Uxue Barkos</a> from Geroa Bai being elected president of Navarre for the period 2015 – 2019. June 2019 elections, however, turned the tide, when rightist forces reunited in the platform <a href="/wiki/Navarra_Suma" title="Navarra Suma">Navarra Suma</a>, made up of UPN, PP and <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">Ciudadanos</a>, and garnered 20 MPs, 40% of the seats in the Parliament of Navarre, although both Geroa Bai and EH Bildu increased their vote share.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the election results, PSN's <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Chivite" title="María Chivite">María Chivite</a> was elected president with the support provided by progressive forces, handing over Pamplona's council to Navarra Suma and explicitly excluding EH Bildu from any talks or alliances, but relying on its abstention for her inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2017, the Navarrese parliament passed a law splitting teachers aspiring to work in the state-run education network into two different professional categories, one for those qualified in <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and another for Spanish monolinguals, so thwarting with the vote of <a href="/wiki/Izquierda-Ezkerra" title="Izquierda-Ezkerra">Izquierda-Ezkerra</a> (integrated in the regional government) the new progressive government's plan to have just one; the latter echoes a long-running demand of education unions.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a> suspended the Far Right's and Civil Servants' Victims Act passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament of Navarre</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three months later, the chief executive officer of the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Corps">National Police</a> in Navarre stepped down for the disclosure of a fake <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account he owned that praised <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tejero" title="Antonio Tejero">Antonio Tejero</a>, as well as Vox leader <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Abascal" title="Santiago Abascal">Santiago Abascal</a> as a new <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera" title="José Antonio Primo de Rivera">Jose Antonio</a>, also insulting a number of Catalan and Basque nationalist and leftist figures.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2019, the High Court of Navarre ruled against the public use of bilingual signalling and institutional announcements in Mixed-Speaking and Non-Basque Speaking areas, also proscribing the consideration of Basque as a merit in job positions, unless strictly needed; the judgement sparked an uproar among some parties in the coalition government of Navarre, as well as EH Bildu, but was saluted by the PSN and Navarra Suma.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SelvaIrati4598.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/SelvaIrati4598.jpg/220px-SelvaIrati4598.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/SelvaIrati4598.jpg/330px-SelvaIrati4598.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/SelvaIrati4598.jpg/440px-SelvaIrati4598.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Irati_Forest" title="Irati Forest">Irati Forest</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baztan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baztan.jpg/220px-Baztan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baztan.jpg/330px-Baztan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baztan.jpg/440px-Baztan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Baztan valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaPisquerra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/LaPisquerra.jpg/220px-LaPisquerra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/LaPisquerra.jpg/330px-LaPisquerra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/LaPisquerra.jpg/440px-LaPisquerra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bardenas_Reales" title="Bardenas Reales">Bardenas Reales</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Navarre consists of 272 <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Navarre" title="List of municipalities in Navarre">municipalities</a> and has a total population of 601,874 (2006), of whom approximately one-third live in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (195,769 pop.), and one-half in the capital's metropolitan area (315,988 pop.). There are no other large municipalities in the region. The next largest are <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> (32,802), <a href="/wiki/Bara%C3%B1ain" title="Barañain">Barañain</a> (22,401), <a href="/wiki/Burlada_%E2%80%93_Burlata" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlada – Burlata">Burlada/Burlata</a> (18,388), <a href="/wiki/Estella-Lizarra" title="Estella-Lizarra">Estella-Lizarra</a> (13,892), <a href="/wiki/Zizur_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Zizur Mayor">Zizur Mayor</a> (13,197), <a href="/wiki/Tafalla" title="Tafalla">Tafalla</a> (11,040), <a href="/wiki/Villava_%E2%80%93_Atarrabia" title="Villava – Atarrabia">Villava/Atarrabia</a> (10,295), and <a href="/wiki/Anso%C3%A1in_%E2%80%93_Antsoain" title="Ansoáin – Antsoain">Ansoáin/Antsoain</a> (9,952). </p><p>Despite its relatively small size, Navarre features stark contrasts in geography, from the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> mountain range that dominates the territory to the plains of the Ebro river valley in the south. The highest point in Navarre is <a href="/wiki/Mesa_de_los_Tres_Reyes" title="Mesa de los Tres Reyes">Mesa de los Tres Reyes</a>, with an elevation of 2,428 metres (7,966 feet). </p><p>Other important mountains are <a href="/wiki/Txamantxoia" title="Txamantxoia">Txamantxoia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartxela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartxela (page does not exist)">Kartxela</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larra-Belagua_Massif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larra-Belagua Massif (page does not exist)">Larra-Belagua Massif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_de_Alaiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra de Alaiz (page does not exist)">Sierra de Alaiz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Untzueko_Harria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Untzueko Harria (page does not exist)">Untzueko Harria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Leyre" title="Sierra de Leyre">Sierra de Leyre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_del_Perd%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra del Perdón (page does not exist)">Sierra del Perdón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montejurra" title="Montejurra">Montejurra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_(Spain)" title="Fort San Cristóbal (Spain)">Ezkaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Ori">Monte Ori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Cod%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra de Codés">Sierra de Codés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbasa" title="Urbasa">Urbasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andia" title="Andia">Andia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Aralar_Range" title="Aralar Range">Aralar Range</a>. </p><p>In the north, climate is affected by the Atlantic Ocean leading an Oceanic west coast climate (Köppen: Cfb). Since the northernmost part of Navarre is less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>, the northern fringes resemble <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n#Climate" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a>. At central Navarre the summer precipitations start to lower, leading to a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa and Csb) At the southernmost part of Navarre the climate is cool semi-arid (Köppen: Bsk). This is also at a comparatively low elevation compared to most of the north, further pontentiating the hot summers in comparison to Pamplona and even more so the northern hilly and mountainous region. </p><p>The sole official weather station of Navarre is located in Pamplona in its north-western corner and has summer highs of 28 °C (82 °F) and lows of 14 °C (57 °F), while winter highs are 9 °C (48 °F) and lows 1 °C (34 °F) with moderate precipitation year-round. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Pamplona-Iruña </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(81) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(68) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.4<br />(9.7) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.2<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">674<br />(26.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">310 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164 </td> <td style="background: #B2B276; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0A0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,240 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <sup id="cite_ref-Aemet.es_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aemet.es-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_heritage">Cultural heritage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultural heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Navarre is a mixture of its <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque</a> tradition, the Trans-Pyrenean influx of people and ideas and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> influences coming from the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> valley is amenable to <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Olive_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive tree">olive trees</a> as in <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>. It was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a>, later controlled on its southern fringes by the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Banu Qasi</a>, whose authority was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">taifa</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> in the 11th century. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, Navarre gained little ground at the expense of the Muslims, since its southern boundary had already been established by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa">Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa</a> in 1212. Starting in the 11th century, the <a href="/wiki/Way_of_Saint_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of Saint James">Way of Saint James</a> grew in importance. It brought pilgrims, traders and Christian soldiers from the north. <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language#Occitan_in_Spain" title="Occitan language">Gascons and Occitans</a> from beyond the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> (called <i>Franks</i>) received self-government and other privileges to foster settlement in Navarrese towns, and they brought their crafts, culture and <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>. </p><p>Jews and Muslims were persecuted both north and south of Navarre, expelled for the most part during the late 15th century to the early 16th century. The kingdom struggled to maintain its separate identity in 14th and 15th centuries, and after <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">King Ferdinand V</a> forcibly conquered Navarre after the death of his wife Queen Isabella, he extended the Castilian expulsion and forcible integration orders applicable to <span title="Spanish-language romanization"><i lang="es-Latn">conversos</i></span> and <span title="Spanish-language romanization"><i lang="es-Latn">mudejars</i></span> of 1492 to the former kingdom. Therefore, <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> in particular could no longer serve as a refuge after the Inquisitors were allowed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Navarre is one of the wealthiest regions in Spain per capita, with a diversified economy primarily focused on the <a href="/wiki/Energy_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy sector">energy sector</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a> services and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the autonomous community was 20.3 billion euros as of 2018, accounting for 1.7% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 33,700 euros or 112% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 109% of the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unemployment rate stood at 10.2% in 2017 and was the lowest in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>unemployment rate</b><br />(in %) </td> <td>5.4% </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td>6.8% </td> <td>10.8% </td> <td>11.9% </td> <td>13.0% </td> <td>16.2% </td> <td>17.9% </td> <td>15.7% </td> <td>13.8% </td> <td>12.5% </td> <td>10.2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_policy">Energy policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Energy policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spain" title="Wind power in Spain">Wind power in Spain</a></div> <p>Navarre leads Europe in its use of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> technology and was planning to reach 100% renewable electricity generation by 2010. By 2004, 61% of the region's electricity was generated by renewable sources consisting of 43.6% from 28 <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farms</a>, 12% from over 100 small-scale <a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">water turbines</a>, and 5.3% from 2 <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a> plants. In addition, the region had what was then Spain's largest <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a> power plant at Montes de Cierzo de <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> (1.2 MWp capacity) plus several hundred smaller photovoltaic installations. </p><p>Developments since 2004 have included further photovoltaic plants at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larri%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larrión (page does not exist)">Larrión</a> (0.25 MWp)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another at <a href="/wiki/Castej%C3%B3n,_Navarre" title="Castejón, Navarre">Castejón</a> (2.44 MWp), also once the largest in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the Foral Community of Navarra ranked 15th as the most populous Autonomous Community in Spain with a population of 647,554 inhabitants, which at the time was a population density of 62.32 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>. </p><p>The data of the population pyramid of 2010 can be summarized as follows: </p> <ul><li>The population under 20 years of age is 19.84% of the total.</li> <li>The population between 20 and 40 years is 29.39%.</li> <li>The population between 40 and 60 years is 27.98%.</li> <li>The population older than 60 years is 22.78%.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">310,535</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">323,503</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">339,220</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">352,108</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">365,014</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">383,354</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">406,838</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">466,593</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">509,002</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">519,277</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">555,829</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">640,129</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">662,032</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">INE</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="toc" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="35%" style="float:left; text-align:center;clear:all; margin-left:10px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="Red" colspan="8" style="color:white;">Most populated municipalities<br />(2021) </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th width="4%">Position </th> <th width="86%">Municipality </th> <th width="10%">Inhabitants </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></td> <td>253,093 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a></b></td> <td>37,008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3nd</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eg%C3%BC%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Egüés">Egüés</a></b></td> <td>21,556 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bara%C3%B1ain" title="Barañain">Barañain</a></b></td> <td>19,853 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Burlada" title="Burlada">Burlada</a></b></td> <td>19,723 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zizur_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Zizur Mayor">Zizur Mayor</a></b></td> <td>15,198 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lizarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizarra">Lizarra</a></b></td> <td>13,911 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Aranguren" title="Aranguren">Aranguren</a></b></td> <td>11,726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anso%C3%A1in" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansoáin">Antsoain</a></b></td> <td>10,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Berriozar" title="Berriozar">Berriozar</a></b></td> <td>10,723 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tafalla" title="Tafalla">Tafalla</a></b></td> <td>10,582 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Villava" class="mw-redirect" title="Villava">Villava</a></b></td> <td>10,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/No%C3%A1in" class="mw-redirect" title="Noáin">Noáin</a></b></td> <td>8,354 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Corella,_Spain" title="Corella, Spain">Corella</a></b></td> <td>8,220 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cintru%C3%A9nigo" title="Cintruénigo">Cintruénigo</a></b></td> <td>8,051 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg/220px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg/330px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg/440px-Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1030-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption><i>The Iberian Peninsula in 1030</i>. The first evidence of written <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a> in central Spain and of written <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/Glosas_Emilianenses" title="Glosas Emilianenses">Glosas Emilianenses</a>, from <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>, a territory that was part of Navarre for some time. The map shows <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">the Kingdom of Pamplona</a> through the years 1029 y 1035.</figcaption></figure> <p>Presently, Spanish is predominantly spoken in most of the autonomous community, except for north-eastern areas, where Basque continues to be the prevailing language. According to official statistics, Spanish is the mother tongue of 81.9% of the population, Basque is 5.7% of the population's mother tongue, and 3.8% of the population has both languages as their mother tongue while 6.1% of the population have another language as their <a href="/wiki/Mother-tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-tongue">mother tongue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_shift">Language shift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Language shift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The number of people that can speak Basque has increased in Navarre lately,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a steady historic retreat. In 2011, 13.6% of the population in Navarre considered themselves to be speakers of Basque and another 14.5% considered themselves semi-speakers of Basque.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Basque is the <i>lingua navarrorum</i>, as it appears in documents of the Middle Ages, such as a document by the king <a href="/wiki/Sancho_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho the Wise">Sancho the Wise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kingdom cemented its roots in the predominantly Basque-speaking domain of Pamplona and surrounding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the midst of contemporary scholarly debates on the existence of Navarre and its laws prior to the king's authority, the Navarrese author Garcia de Gongora states as follows in 1626:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Two languages are spoken across the kingdom, Basque and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Romance</a>, but most properly the Cantabric [language] Basque, the original and most ancient, brought along by <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Basques#Tubalism" title="Origin of the Basques">its creator, the patriarch Tubal</a>, devoid of mingling with others; it has always been preserved there, except in the Ribera and the bordering areas of Castile and Aragon, where Romance is spoken.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>García de Gongora (pseudonym of Juan Sada Amezqueta)<sup id="cite_ref-Monreal_55-61_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monreal_55-61-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Moret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Moret (page does not exist)">José Moret</a>, chronicler of the kingdom, called Navarre and its bordering provinces "the lands of Basque", claiming also that Tubal founded the Kingdom of Navarre.<sup id="cite_ref-Monreal_55-61_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monreal_55-61-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Basque underwent a gradual erosion, accelerated following the conquest of the kingdom in the early 16th century due to the homogenizing push of the new Castilian authorities and the neglect of its own elites, among other reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1778, 121,000 inhabitants out of 227,000 were Basque speakers, 53% of its population, still the largest amount of Basque speakers across <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">all Basque territories</a>. However, the number of speakers dropped sharply in the 19th century. In 1936, Basque speakers accounted for a 17% of the total Navarrese population.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other languages have been spoken, but have disappeared, such as <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a>, a Romance language that was spoken in the Middle Ages around the central part of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> basin. Starting in the late 11th century, the influx of pilgrims and colonizers from Toulouse and surrounding areas (<i>Francs</i>) who settled in separate boroughs along the Way of Saint James rendered <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> the status language of the kingdom up to early 14th century. <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> became the written language in court and royal administration by 1329, when it reached official status.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, from the 15th century onwards the language grew closer to Castilian (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) and eventually merged with it.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other languages which at some point held a status or were spoken in certain communities and periods are <a href="/wiki/Erromintxela_language" title="Erromintxela language">Erromintxela</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistic_division_of_the_territory_and_legal_consequences">Linguistic division of the territory and legal consequences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Linguistic division of the territory and legal consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png/220px-Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png/330px-Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png/440px-Navarra_-_Zonificacion_linguistica.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Distribution by municipality of the Basque-speaking zone, mixed-speaking zone and the non-Basque speaking zone through the modification of 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 1978 Spanish constitution and the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amejoramiento_de_Navarra" class="extiw" title="es:Amejoramiento de Navarra">Amejoramiento del Fuero</a>, a Navarrese law establishing the basic institutional make-up of the chartered community of Navarre, Spanish is the official language of Navarre, while the <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque language</a> is also the official language in Basque-Speaking areas. Unlike any other statutes in the Spanish autonomous communities owning a regional language, the Amejoramiento omits citing Basque as a specific language of its people or its consideration as part of the Navarrese heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Foral_del_Euskera" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Foral del Euskera">The Statutory Law of Basque of 1986</a> defined the above areas, creating the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Foral_del_Euskera#Zona_vascófona" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Foral del Euskera"><i>Basque-speaking zone</i></a>, an area north-east of Navarre in which Basque is the co-official language along with Spanish. This law recognizes Spanish and Basque as Navarre's <i>lenguas propias</i> (a Spanish legal term meaning that a language in an autonomous community in Spain has co-official status along with Spanish),<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to the Foral Law 18/1986 of Basque.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This law divides Navarre into three linguistically distinct areas, a <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Foral_del_Euskera#Zona_vascófona" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Foral del Euskera">Basque-speaking zone</a></i>, where Basque is the dominant language, a <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Foral_del_Euskera#Zona_vascófona" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Foral del Euskera">Mixed-speaking zone</a></i>, where Basque and Spanish are both dominant, and a <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Foral_del_Euskera#Zona_vascófona" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Foral del Euskera">Non-Basque speaking zone</a></i>, where Spanish is the dominant language. In the latter, the public entities of Navarre are required to use only Spanish, but in the mixed area the use of Basque is also confined to certain position. The area of the municipalities belonging to the Basque-speaking and Mixed Basque and Spanish-speaking zones are the following:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Basque-speaking zone:</b> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaurrea_Alta" class="extiw" title="es:Abaurrea Alta">Abaurrea Alta</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaurrea_Baja" class="extiw" title="es:Abaurrea Baja">Abaurrea Baja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsasua" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsasua">Alsasua</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anu%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="es:Anué">Anué</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araiz" class="extiw" title="es:Araiz">Araiz</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranaz" class="extiw" title="es:Aranaz">Aranaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arano,_Navarre" title="Arano, Navarre">Arano</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araquil" class="extiw" title="es:Araquil">Araquil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbizu" title="Arbizu">Arbizu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Areso" title="Areso">Areso</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aria_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Aria (Navarra)">Aria</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arive" class="extiw" title="es:Arive">Arive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arruazu" title="Arruazu">Arruazu</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bac%C3%A1icoa" class="extiw" title="es:Bacáicoa">Bacáicoa</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basabur%C3%BAa_Mayor" class="extiw" title="es:Basaburúa Mayor">Basaburúa Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baztan,_Navarre" title="Baztan, Navarre">Baztán</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinza-Labayen" class="extiw" title="es:Beinza-Labayen">Beinza-Labayen</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9rtiz-Arana" class="extiw" title="es:Bértiz-Arana">Bertiz-Arana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betelu" title="Betelu">Betelu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burguete" class="mw-redirect" title="Burguete">Burguete</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciordia" class="extiw" title="es:Ciordia">Ciordia</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areso" class="extiw" title="es:Areso">Donamaría</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echalar" class="extiw" title="es:Echalar">Echalar</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echarri-Aranaz" class="extiw" title="es:Echarri-Aranaz">Echarri Aranaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elgorriaga" title="Elgorriaga">Elgorriaga</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasun" class="extiw" title="es:Erasun">Erasun</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoyena" class="extiw" title="es:Ergoyena">Ergoyena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erro,_Navarre" title="Erro, Navarre">Erro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ester%C3%ADbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Esteríbar">Esteríbar</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezcurra" class="extiw" title="es:Ezcurra">Ezcurra</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garayoa" class="extiw" title="es:Garayoa">Garayoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garralda" title="Garralda">Garralda</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goizueta_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Goizueta (Navarra)">Goizueta</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huarte-Araquil" class="extiw" title="es:Huarte-Araquil">Huarte-Araquil</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imoz" class="extiw" title="es:Imoz">Imoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ira%C3%B1eta" title="Irañeta">Irañeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ituren" title="Ituren">Ituren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iturmendi" title="Iturmendi">Iturmendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacunza" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacunza">Lacunza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantz,_Navarre" title="Lantz, Navarre">Lantz</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larr%C3%A1un" class="extiw" title="es:Larráun">Larráun</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiza" class="extiw" title="es:Leiza">Leiza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesaca">Lesaca</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oiz_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Oiz (Navarra)">Oiz</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olazagut%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="es:Olazagutía">Olazagutía</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbaiceta" class="extiw" title="es:Orbaiceta">Orbaiceta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orbara" title="Orbara">Orbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles" title="Roncesvalles">Roncesvalles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sald%C3%ADas,_Navarre" title="Saldías, Navarre">Saldías</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santesteban" class="extiw" title="es:Santesteban">Santesteban</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbilla" class="extiw" title="es:Sumbilla">Sumbilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulzama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulzama">Ulzama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdax" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdax">Urdax</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdi%C3%A1in" class="extiw" title="es:Urdiáin">Urdiáin</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urroz_de_Santesteban" class="extiw" title="es:Urroz de Santesteban">Urroz de Santesteban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valcarlos" class="mw-redirect" title="Valcarlos">Valcarlos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vera_de_Bidasoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera de Bidasoa">Vera de Bidasoa</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanueva_de_A%C3%A9zcoa" class="extiw" title="es:Villanueva de Aézcoa">Villanueva de Aézcoa</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanci" class="extiw" title="es:Yanci">Yanci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zubieta" title="Zubieta">Zubieta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zugarramurdi" title="Zugarramurdi">Zugarramurdi</a>.</li></ul> <p>Later, two more municipalities would be added that came from the Basque-speaking zone: <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecumberri" class="extiw" title="es:Lecumberri">Lecumberri</a> and <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irurzun" class="extiw" title="es:Irurzun">Irurzun</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Mixed-speaking zone:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%A1rzuza" title="Abárzuza">Abárzuza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anso%C3%A1in" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansoáin">Ansoáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aoiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Aoiz">Aoiz</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arce_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Arce (Navarra)">Arce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atez" class="mw-redirect" title="Atez">Atez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bara%C3%B1%C3%A1in" class="mw-redirect" title="Barañáin">Barañáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgui" title="Burgui">Burgui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burlada" title="Burlada">Burlada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciriza" title="Ciriza">Ciriza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cendea_de_Cizur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cendea de Cizur">Cendea de Cizur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echarri" title="Echarri">Echarri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Echauri">Echauri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Eg%C3%BC%C3%A9s" title="Valle de Egüés">Valle de Egüés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezc%C3%A1roz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezcároz">Ezcároz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esparza_de_Salazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Esparza de Salazar">Esparza de Salazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estella-Lizarra" title="Estella-Lizarra">Estella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezcabarte" title="Ezcabarte">Ezcabarte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garde,_Spain" title="Garde, Spain">Garde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go%C3%B1i,_Navarre" title="Goñi, Navarre">Goñi</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCesa" class="extiw" title="es:Güesa">Güesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gues%C3%A1laz" class="mw-redirect" title="Guesálaz">Guesálaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huarte" title="Huarte">Huarte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaba" title="Isaba">Isaba</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iza_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Iza (Navarra)">Iza</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izalzu" class="extiw" title="es:Izalzu">Izalzu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaurrieta" title="Jaurrieta">Jaurrieta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juslape%C3%B1a" title="Juslapeña">Juslapeña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lez%C3%A1un" class="mw-redirect" title="Lezáun">Lezáu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lizo%C3%A1in" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizoáin">Lizoáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ochagav%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochagavía">Ochagavía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odieta" title="Odieta">Odieta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%A1ibar" title="Oláibar">Oláibar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olza,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Olza, Spain">Olza</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollo_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Ollo (Navarra)">Ollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oronz" class="mw-redirect" title="Oronz">Oronz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oroz-Betelu" title="Oroz-Betelu">Oroz-Betelu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puente_la_Reina" class="mw-redirect" title="Puente la Reina">Puente la Reina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roncal_%E2%80%93_Erronkari" title="Roncal – Erronkari">Roncal</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas_de_Oro" class="extiw" title="es:Salinas de Oro">Salinas de Oro</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarri%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="es:Sarriés">Sarriés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urzainqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Urzainqui">Urzainqui</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzt%C3%A1rroz" class="extiw" title="es:Uztárroz">Uztárroz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vid%C3%A1ngoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidángoz">Vidángoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidaurreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidaurreta">Vidaurreta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villava" class="mw-redirect" title="Villava">Villava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yerri" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerri">Yerri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zabalza" title="Zabalza">Zabalza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zizur_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Zizur Mayor">Zizur Mayor</a>.</li></ul> <p>As a consequence of the constitution of new municipalities, other municipalities would be added: <a href="/wiki/Berrioplano" class="mw-redirect" title="Berrioplano">Berrioplano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berriozar" title="Berriozar">Berriozar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orcoyen" class="mw-redirect" title="Orcoyen">Orcoyen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zizur_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Zizur Mayor">Zizur Mayor</a>. Moreover, in 2010 a legal modification granted four municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Cuenca_de_Pamplona" title="Cuenca de Pamplona">Cuenca de Pamplona</a> the power of incorporating into the <i>Mixed-speaking zone</i> if the absolute majority decided to be incorporated into the <i>Mixed-speaking zone</i>. <a href="/wiki/Aranguren" title="Aranguren">Aranguren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belasco%C3%A1in" title="Belascoáin">Belascoáin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galar,_Spain" title="Galar, Spain">Galar</a> decided to be incorporated into the <i>Mixed-speaking zone</i> while <a href="/wiki/No%C3%A1in" class="mw-redirect" title="Noáin">Noáin</a> decided to remain in the <i>Basque-speaking zone</i>. </p><p>One modification to the law implemented in June 2017 allowed municipalities from the <i>Non-Basque speaking zone</i> to become a part of the <i>mixed zone 44</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%A1igar" title="Abáigar">Abáigar</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi%C3%B3s_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Adiós (Navarra)">Adiós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aibar" title="Aibar">Aibar</a>, <a href="/wiki/All%C3%ADn" title="Allín">Allín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9scoa_Baja" title="Améscoa Baja">Améscoa Baja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anc%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancín">Ancín</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1orbe" title="Añorbe">Añorbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aranarache" title="Aranarache">Aranarache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arellano" class="mw-redirect" title="Arellano">Arellano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artazu" title="Artazu">Artazu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bargota" title="Bargota">Bargota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beri%C3%A1in" title="Beriáin">Beriáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biurrun-Olcoz" title="Biurrun-Olcoz">Biurrun-Olcoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabredo" title="Cabredo">Cabredo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dicastillo" title="Dicastillo">Dicastillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/En%C3%A9riz" title="Enériz">Enériz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eulate" title="Eulate">Eulate</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallu%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="es:Gallués">Gallués</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%ADnoain" title="Garínoain">Garínoain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izagaondoa" title="Izagaondoa">Izagaondoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larraona" title="Larraona">Larraona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leoz" title="Leoz">Leoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lerga" title="Lerga">Lerga</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3nguida" class="extiw" title="es:Lónguida">Lónguida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendigorr%C3%ADa" title="Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metauten" title="Metauten">Metauten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirafuentes" title="Mirafuentes">Mirafuentes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murieta" title="Murieta">Murieta</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazar_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Nazar (Navarra)">Nazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obanos" title="Obanos">Obanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olite" title="Olite">Olite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oteiza" title="Oteiza">Oteiza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pueyo,_Navarre" title="Pueyo, Navarre">Pueyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sang%C3%BCesa" title="Sangüesa">Sangüesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tafalla" title="Tafalla">Tafalla</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiebas" class="extiw" title="es:Tiebas">Tiebas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirapu" title="Tirapu">Tirapu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unzu%C3%A9" title="Unzué">Unzué</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uju%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujué">Ujué</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urra%C3%BAl_Bajo" title="Urraúl Bajo">Urraúl Bajo</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urroz-Villa" class="extiw" title="es:Urroz-Villa">Urroz-Villa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villatuerta" title="Villatuerta">Villatuerta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirauqui" title="Cirauqui">Cirauqui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga,_Navarre" title="Zúñiga, Navarre">Zúñiga</a>) and for <a href="/wiki/Atez" class="mw-redirect" title="Atez">Atez</a> to pass from the <i>Mixed-speaking zone</i> to the <i>Basque-speaking zone.</i><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Non-Basque-speaking zone:</b> This zone is composed of the remaining municipalities that are located predominantly towards the Southeast of the foral community where the Basque language is not commonly spoken by the population. However, more people have been speaking Basque in these communities and in present day, there are municipalities in which 10% of their inhabitants are bilingual or semi-bilingual in Basque and Spanish such as in <a href="/wiki/Tafalla" title="Tafalla">Tafalla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sang%C3%BCesa" title="Sangüesa">Sangüesa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lumbier" title="Lumbier">Lumbier</a>. In comparison, in Tafalla or Sanguesa's population those that speak or understand Basque well are 5% of the population or 10% en <a href="/wiki/Lumbier" title="Lumbier">Lumbier</a>. In other localities with <a href="/wiki/Ikastola" title="Ikastola">ikastolas</a> such as in <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontellas_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Fontellas (Navarra)">Fontellas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lodosa" title="Lodosa">Lodosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viana,_Spain" title="Viana, Spain">Viana</a> the bilingual population is around 2% and 8%, while those that speak or understand Basque well are 1% in <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontellas_(Navarra)" class="extiw" title="es:Fontellas (Navarra)">Fontellas</a>, 2% in <a href="/wiki/Lodosa" title="Lodosa">Lodosa</a> and 5% in <a href="/wiki/Viana,_Spain" title="Viana, Spain">Viana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2006-2007 the schools that teach Basque in the <i>Non-Basque speaking zone</i> are assisted by the Department of Education of the government of Navarre.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denomination_of_local_entities">Denomination of local entities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Denomination of local entities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official denomination of Navarran municipalities and villages are regulated according to the <i>Foral Basque Law.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It distinguishes three different types of formulas: </p> <ul><li><b>Unique denominations:</b> the use of Basque in legal documents is the same when compared with Spanish independently. Examples: Lantz or Beintza-Labaien.</li> <li><b>Compounded denominations:</b> They have a unique denomination formula formed from the Spanish and Basque toponyms in Spanish or Basque and are united by the symbol "-" or "/". Its use (the compounded denomination) is the same in Spanish as in Basque. Examples: Doneztebe/Santesteban, Orreaga/Roncesvalles, Estella-Lizarra.</li> <li><b>Double denominations:</b> The toponym, in Basque or Spanish is dependent on the language and how it is used in the text. Examples: Pamplona <> Iruña, Villava <> Atarrabia, Aibar <> Oibar.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg/220px-Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg/330px-Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg/440px-Navarra_-_Mapa_densidad_euskera_2001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of people that speak Basque well (2001).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basque_dialects_in_Navarre">Basque dialects in Navarre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Basque dialects in Navarre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basque in Navarre has various dialects (there are nine according to the classification of the General Basque Dictionary or the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Lengua_Vasca" class="extiw" title="es:Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca">Royal Academy of the Basque Language</a>). According to the most recent classification of <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koldo_Zuazo" class="extiw" title="es:Koldo Zuazo">Koldo Zuazo</a>, the most widespread dialect is <a href="/wiki/Upper_Navarrese_dialect" title="Upper Navarrese dialect">Upper Navarrese</a>, spoken in the northern part of Navarre. In localities such as Basaburua Mayor, Imoz and other localities bordering Gipuzkoa, the dialect of Central Basque is spoken and in the central part of the Pyrenees in Navarre a variety of <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Lapurdian_dialect" title="Navarro-Lapurdian dialect">Navarro-Lapurdian</a> is spoken. </p><p>On the east of the Pyrenees in Navarre, the <a href="/wiki/Roncalese_dialect" title="Roncalese dialect">Roncalese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salazarese_dialect" title="Salazarese dialect">Salazarese dialects</a> of Basque used to be spoken in the valleys of <a href="/wiki/Roncal_Valley" title="Roncal Valley">Roncal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salazar_Valley" title="Salazar Valley">Salazar</a>, but they disappeared near the end of the twentieth century; the last person who spoke the Roncalese dialect died in 1991 and in Salazar the language also disappeared because the last person who spoke it fluently died during the first years of the twenty-first century. Apart from dialects, sub-dialects from Basque also exist and there are also differences in vocabulary in local linguistic communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistic_traits_of_the_Spanish_spoken_in_Navarre">Linguistic traits of the Spanish spoken in Navarre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Linguistic traits of the Spanish spoken in Navarre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of features of Spanish as spoken in Navarre that are either exclusive to the area or shared only with neighbouring areas (mainly <a href="/wiki/Arag%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Aragón">Aragón</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>), such as the predominance of the <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> with <i>-ico</i> or the use of the conditional verb tense in place of the preterite of the subjunctive (for example, using <i>podría</i> instead of <i>pudiera</i>). There are also differences in the vocabulary of Spanish speakers from Navarre,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the presence of words of Basque origin, which is in some cases due to a <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustrato_vasco_en_lenguas_romances" class="extiw" title="es:Sustrato vasco en lenguas romances">Basque substrate</a>, or long-standing contact and commercial exchanges with areas of Navarre in which Basque is spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chupinazo8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanfermines in Pamplona, Navarre"><img alt="Sanfermines in Pamplona, Navarre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chupinazo8.jpg/200px-Chupinazo8.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chupinazo8.jpg/300px-Chupinazo8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chupinazo8.jpg/400px-Chupinazo8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sanfermines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanfermines">Sanfermines</a> in Pamplona, Navarre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioaldunak_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joaldun feast in January"><img alt="Joaldun feast in January" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ioaldunak_001.jpg/200px-Ioaldunak_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ioaldunak_001.jpg/300px-Ioaldunak_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ioaldunak_001.jpg/400px-Ioaldunak_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joaldun" title="Joaldun">Joaldun</a> feast in January</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country (greater region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caja_Navarra" title="Caja Navarra">Caja Navarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Navarre">Kings of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_nationalism" title="Navarrese nationalism">Navarrese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pamplona" title="History of Pamplona">History of Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva Navarra">Nueva Navarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">Renewable energy in the European Union</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spanish: <i lang="es">Comunidad Foral de Navarra</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[komuniˈðað<span class="wrap"> </span>foˈɾal<span class="wrap"> </span>de<span class="wrap"> </span>naˈβara]</a></span>; Basque: <i lang="eu">Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="eu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[nafaro.ako<span class="wrap"> </span>foɾu<span class="wrap"> </span>komunitate.a]</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">"Contabilidad Regional de España"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.ine.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.es&rft.atitle=Contabilidad+Regional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fprensa%2Fcre_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auñamendi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Auñamendi_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auñamendi_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Estorn%C3%A9s_Lasa" title="Bernardo Estornés Lasa">Bernardo Estornés Lasa</a>'s Spanish article on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/96788">Navarra</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112133908/http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/96788">Archived</a> 2012-01-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B1amendi_Entziklopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Auñamendi Entziklopedia">Auñamendi Entziklopedia</a> (click on "NAVARRA – NAFARROA (NOMBRE Y EMBLEMAS)")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kondaira.net/eng/Historia0005.html">"HISTORY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY - THE ROMANS"</a>. Kondaira.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HISTORY+OF+THE+BASQUE+COUNTRY+-+THE+ROMANS&rft.pub=Kondaira.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kondaira.net%2Feng%2FHistoria0005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collins1990_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1990" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (1990). <i>The Basques</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0631175652" title="Special:BookSources/0631175652"><bdi>0631175652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Basques&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0631175652&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 140-141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990181-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990181_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins (1990)</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NFfJAwAAQBAJ&q=kingdom+of+navarre+divided+1065"><i>Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus</i></a>. Routledge. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317870418" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317870418"><bdi>978-1317870418</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Spain+and+Portugal%3A+A+Political+History+of+Al-Andalus&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1317870418&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNFfJAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkingdom%2Bof%2Bnavarre%2Bdivided%2B1065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990214–215-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990214–215_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins (1990)</a>, pp. 214–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990185-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990185_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins (1990)</a>, pp. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990232-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990232_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins (1990)</a>, pp. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonrealJimeno201210–15-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonrealJimeno201210–15_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonrealJimeno2012">Monreal & Jimeno (2012)</a>, pp. 10–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonrealJimeno2012" class="citation book cs1">Monreal, Gregorio; Jimeno, Roldan (2012). <i>Conquista e Incorporación de Navarra a Castilla</i>. Pamplona-Iruña: Pamiela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7681-736-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7681-736-0"><bdi>978-84-7681-736-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquista+e+Incorporaci%C3%B3n+de+Navarra+a+Castilla&rft.place=Pamplona-Iru%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Pamiela&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-84-7681-736-0&rft.aulast=Monreal&rft.aufirst=Gregorio&rft.au=Jimeno%2C+Roldan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span>, pp. 30 – 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1990275-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1990275_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1990">Collins (1990)</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Preston2013" class="citation book cs1">Paul Preston (2013). <i>The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain</i>. London, UK: HarperCollins. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638695-7"><bdi>978-0-00-638695-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Holocaust%3A+Inquisition+and+Extermination+in+Twentieth-Century+Spain.&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-00-638695-7&rft.au=Paul+Preston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston, P. 2013, p. 179-181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston, P. 2013, p. 182-184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clRQxMj1H80"><i>Charla con Lucio Urtubia [Talks with Lucio Urtubia]</i></a> (in Spanish). CGT/LKN Bizkaia. 2014-04-15. Event occurs at 07’02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/clRQxMj1H80">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-01</span></span>. <q>(First-hand witness <a href="/wiki/Lucio_Urtubia" title="Lucio Urtubia">Lucio Urtubia</a>'s testimony in Spanish) For the first time ever that is being talked about now, I only bore witness to crimes and abuses in my land carried out by that Church that if it really wanted, all could have been prevented. In the Ribera of Navarre, there are about 4,000 dead by fire-squad, people who had done no harm, no evil to anyone, they were just workers, farmers, the hunger-stricken, so that is why, because they were Republicans, or just affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">CNT</a> or <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_General_de_Trabajadores" title="Unión General de Trabajadores">UGT</a> that they were executed by firearm. That was with the complicity of the Catholic Church, that is why I don't believe in that Church, that Church was horrific. That Church had the likes of don Pablo or don Vitoriano, who came down every morning, there were little kids who had just come from shooting in executions, with the former asking to them, "How many, how many today?", the kids going, "Three or four", in turn responding, "Small number, small number". I lived through all that.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charla+con+Lucio+Urtubia+%5BTalks+with+Lucio+Urtubia%5D&rft.pub=CGT%2FLKN+Bizkaia&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DclRQxMj1H80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston, P. 2013, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/97937/142976">"Navarra. Historia: Franquismo"</a>. <i>Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia</i>. EuskoMedia Fundazioa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Au%C3%B1amendi+Eusko+Entziklopedia&rft.atitle=Navarra.+Historia%3A+Franquismo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euskomedia.org%2Faunamendi%2F97937%2F142976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/97937/142976">"Navarra. Historia: Franquismo"</a>. <i>Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia</i>. EuskoMedia Fundazioa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Au%C3%B1amendi+Eusko+Entziklopedia&rft.atitle=Navarra.+Historia%3A+Franquismo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euskomedia.org%2Faunamendi%2F97937%2F142976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2013/11/21/528d1a930ab740620d8b4585.html">"La Guardia Civil alerta: ETA se infiltra en la escuela navarra"</a>. <i>ELMUNDO</i> (in Spanish). 2013-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ELMUNDO&rft.atitle=La+Guardia+Civil+alerta%3A+ETA+se+infiltra+en+la+escuela+navarra&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fespana%2F2013%2F11%2F21%2F528d1a930ab740620d8b4585.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hikhasi.eus/uploads/erab_1/2013/12/1498220304-183.hikhas_119.%20alea%20ANTZA.pdf">"Nafarroako D ereduko 1.600 irakasle ikertu ditu poliziak ETArekin zerikusia izan dezaketelakoan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hik Hasi</i>. <b>189</b>: 441. December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hik+Hasi&rft.atitle=Nafarroako+D+ereduko+1.600+irakasle+ikertu+ditu+poliziak+ETArekin+zerikusia+izan+dezaketelakoan&rft.volume=189&rft.pages=441&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hikhasi.eus%2Fuploads%2Ferab_1%2F2013%2F12%2F1498220304-183.hikhas_119.%2520alea%2520ANTZA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140215090818/http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/2014/02/13/politica/navarra/la-camara-de-comptos-constata-que-el-gobierno-hizo-dejacion-de-funciones-al-no-controlar-caja-navarra">"La Cámara de Comptos constata que el Gobierno hizo dejación de funciones al no controlar Caja Navarra"</a>. <i>Noticias de Navarra</i>. 13 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/2014/02/13/politica/navarra/la-camara-de-comptos-constata-que-el-gobierno-hizo-dejacion-de-funciones-al-no-controlar-caja-navarra">the original</a> on 15 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noticias+de+Navarra&rft.atitle=La+C%C3%A1mara+de+Comptos+constata+que+el+Gobierno+hizo+dejaci%C3%B3n+de+funciones+al+no+controlar+Caja+Navarra&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticiasdenavarra.com%2F2014%2F02%2F13%2Fpolitica%2Fnavarra%2Fla-camara-de-comptos-constata-que-el-gobierno-hizo-dejacion-de-funciones-al-no-controlar-caja-navarra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20130307/54369078179/barcina-sanz-duplicaban-reuniones-caja-navarra-cobrar-mas-dietas.html">"Barcina y Sanz duplicaban la reuniones de Caja Navarra para cobrar más en dietas"</a>. <i>La Vanguardia</i>. 7 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Barcina+y+Sanz+duplicaban+la+reuniones+de+Caja+Navarra+para+cobrar+m%C3%A1s+en+dietas&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20130307%2F54369078179%2Fbarcina-sanz-duplicaban-reuniones-caja-navarra-cobrar-mas-dietas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naiz.info/eu/actualidad/noticia/20130811/barcina-arriesga-el-regimen-foral-para-salvar-su-gobierno">"Barcina arriesga el régimen foral para salvar su Gobierno"</a>. <i>Naiz</i>. 11 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/2014/02/11/politica/navarra/la-exdirectora-de-hacienda-acusa-a-lourdes-goicoechea-de-presionar-sobre-inspecciones-a-determinados-clientes">the original</a> on 15 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noticias+de+Navarra&rft.atitle=La+exdirectora+de+Hacienda+acusa+a+Lourdes+Goicoechea+de+presionar+sobre+inspecciones+a+determinados+clientes&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticiasdenavarra.com%2F2014%2F02%2F11%2Fpolitica%2Fnavarra%2Fla-exdirectora-de-hacienda-acusa-a-lourdes-goicoechea-de-presionar-sobre-inspecciones-a-determinados-clientes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naiz.info/eu/actualidad/noticia/20140213/fernandez-diaz-navarra-es-estrategica-para-espana">"Fernández Díaz: "Navarra es estratégica para España"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Naiz</i>. 13 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naiz&rft.atitle=Fern%C3%A1ndez+D%C3%ADaz%3A+%22Navarra+es+estrat%C3%A9gica+para+Espa%C3%B1a%22&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naiz.info%2Feu%2Factualidad%2Fnoticia%2F20140213%2Ffernandez-diaz-navarra-es-estrategica-para-espana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/MINUTO-POLITICO-exigencias-Vox-Madrid_13_904439548_29036.html">"Navarra Suma arrebata un escaño a EH Bildu y consigue 20 parlamentarios e Izquierda-Ezkerra mantiene el suyo"</a>. <i>Hazte socio de eldiario.es</i> (in Spanish). 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+PSOE+facilitar%C3%A1+Pamplona+a+la+derecha+sin+renunciar+al+Gobierno+de+Navarra&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.issn=1134-6582&rft.aulast=Marcos&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fpolitica%2F2019%2F06%2F10%2Factualidad%2F1560191462_814317.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-maria-chivite-tomara-manana-posesion-presidenta-gobierno-navarra-20190805144107.html">"María Chivite tomará posesión este martes como presidenta del Gobierno de Navarra"</a>. Europa Press. 2019-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mar%C3%ADa+Chivite+tomar%C3%A1+posesi%C3%B3n+este+martes+como+presidenta+del+Gobierno+de+Navarra&rft.pub=Europa+Press&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europapress.es%2Fnacional%2Fnoticia-maria-chivite-tomara-manana-posesion-presidenta-gobierno-navarra-20190805144107.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN.Elia2017" class="citation news cs1">N.Elia (21 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldiario.es/norte/navarra/IU-Gobierno-castellano-OPE-Educacion_0_720928907.html">"IU hace fracasar el intento del Gobierno de implantar la lista única para euskera y castellano en la próxima OPE de Educación"</a>. <i>El Diario</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Find_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Find Articles">Find Articles</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy+Today&rft.atitle=Iberinco+to+Construct+Solar+Installation+at+Renewable+Facility&rft.date=2004-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0OXD%2Fis_2004_Dec_2%2Fai_n7635691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928195114/http://www.energias-renovables.com/english/Contenidosecciones.asp?ID=7584&Tipo=&Nombre=News">"Acciona connects Spain's largest PV facility"</a>. <i>Energías Renovables</i>. 21 February 2006. 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New York: Routledge. p. 427. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-13116-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-13116-2"><bdi>0-415-13116-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Basque&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=427&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-415-13116-2&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Robert.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUDaAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtrask%2Bbasque%2Bkingdom%2Bof%2Bnavarre%26pg%3DPA427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monreal_55-61-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monreal_55-61_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monreal_55-61_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonreal,_GregorioJimeno,_Roldan2012" class="citation book cs1">Monreal, Gregorio; Jimeno, Roldan (2012). <i>Conquista e Incorporación de Navarra a Castilla</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/fll/0212999x/articulos/RFRM0202110015A.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-01-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+fronteras+de+la+lengua+vasca+a+lo+largo+de+la+historia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucm.es%2FBUCM%2Frevistas%2Ffll%2F0212999x%2Farticulos%2FRFRM0202110015A.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCierbide1998" class="citation journal cs1">Cierbide, Ricardo (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=16134">"Notas gráfico-fonéticas sobre la documentación medieval navarra"</a>. <i>Príncipe de Viana</i>. <b>59</b> (214): 523–534.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pr%C3%ADncipe+de+Viana&rft.atitle=Notas+gr%C3%A1fico-fon%C3%A9ticas+sobre+la+documentaci%C3%B3n+medieval+navarra&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=214&rft.pages=523-534&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Cierbide&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D16134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerria" class="citation book cs1">Herria, Euskal. <i>Lugar de encuentro de lenguas y culturas</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lugar+de+encuentro+de+lenguas+y+culturas&rft.aulast=Herria&rft.aufirst=Euskal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsparza_Zabalegi2012" class="citation book cs1">Esparza Zabalegi, Jose Mari (2012). <i>Vasconavarros</i>. Tafalla: Txalaparta. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788415313-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/9788415313-41-0"><bdi>9788415313-41-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vasconavarros&rft.place=Tafalla&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Txalaparta&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9788415313-41-0&rft.aulast=Esparza+Zabalegi&rft.aufirst=Jose+Mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Diccionario de la lengua española</i> (23rd ed.). Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-670-4189-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-670-4189-7"><bdi>978-84-670-4189-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.edition=23rd&rft.pub=Real+Academia+Espa%C3%B1ola+y+Asociaci%C3%B3n+de+Academias+de+la+Lengua+Espa%C3%B1ola&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-84-670-4189-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexnavarra.navarra.es/detalle.asp?r=1822">"LEY FORAL 18/1986, DE 15 DE DICIEMBRE DEL EUSKERA"</a> [Foral Law 18/1986] (in Spanish) (154). 17 December 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=LEY+FORAL+18%2F1986%2C+DE+15+DE+DICIEMBRE+DEL+EUSKERA&rft.issue=154&rft.date=1986-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexnavarra.navarra.es%2Fdetalle.asp%3Fr%3D1822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naiz.eus/es/actualidad/noticia/20170622/44-localidades-navarras-ganan-derechos-para-el-euskara-al-pasar-a-la-zona-mixta">"44 Navarran Localities Win Rights for Basque language through 'mixed zone'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Naiz</i> (in Spanish). 22 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naiz&rft.atitle=44+Navarran+Localities+Win+Rights+for+Basque+language+through+%27mixed+zone%27&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naiz.eus%2Fes%2Factualidad%2Fnoticia%2F20170622%2F44-localidades-navarras-ganan-derechos-para-el-euskara-al-pasar-a-la-zona-mixta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfnavarra.es/estadistica/confindex.asp?i=Informaci%F3n+Estad%EDstica&p=seleccion.asp&d=agregados/poblacion/censos_padrones/censo_2001/indice_infor_esta.asp?clase=pobmunicipio">"Censo de poblacion. Población y demografía. Cifras de población"</a>. <i>Institute for Statistics of Navarra</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930075839/http://www.cfnavarra.es/estadistica/confindex.asp?i=Informaci%F3n+Estad%EDstica&p=seleccion.asp&d=agregados%2Fpoblacion%2Fcensos_padrones%2Fcenso_2001%2Findice_infor_esta.asp%3Fclase%3Dpobmunicipio">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Statistics+of+Navarra&rft.atitle=Censo+de+poblacion.+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+demograf%C3%ADa.+Cifras+de+poblaci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfnavarra.es%2Festadistica%2Fconfindex.asp%3Fi%3DInformaci%25F3n%2BEstad%25EDstica%26p%3Dseleccion.asp%26d%3Dagregados%2Fpoblacion%2Fcensos_padrones%2Fcenso_2001%2Findice_infor_esta.asp%3Fclase%3Dpobmunicipio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIribarren2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iribarren, Jesús (15 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205800/http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/ediciones/2006/11/15/sociedad/navarra/d15nav6.736246.php">"El Consejo Escolar da su visto bueno final a la legalización de todas las ikastolas de Navarra"</a>. <i>Diario de Noticias de Navarra</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/ediciones/2006/11/15/sociedad/navarra/d15nav6.736246.php">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diario+de+Noticias+de+Navarra&rft.atitle=El+Consejo+Escolar+da+su+visto+bueno+final+a+la+legalizaci%C3%B3n+de+todas+las+ikastolas+de+Navarra&rft.date=2006-11-15&rft.aulast=Iribarren&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticiasdenavarra.com%2Fediciones%2F2006%2F11%2F15%2Fsociedad%2Fnavarra%2Fd15nav6.736246.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navarra.es/home_es/Navarra/272+Municipios/Informacion.htm">"Información sobre el buscador de Entidades Locales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Navarra.es" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarra.es">Navarra.es</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navarra.es&rft.atitle=Informaci%C3%B3n+sobre+el+buscador+de+Entidades+Locales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navarra.es%2Fhome_es%2FNavarra%2F272%2BMunicipios%2FInformacion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrribaren" class="citation book cs1">Irribaren, Jose María. <i>Vocabulario navarro, Pamplona: Institución Príncipe de Viana, 1984 y Carmen Saralegui, Cristina Tabernero: Navarrismos en el diccionario de la Real Academia Española, Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Educación y Cultura, 2001</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulario+navarro%2C+Pamplona%3A+Instituci%C3%B3n+Pr%C3%ADncipe+de+Viana%2C+1984+y+Carmen+Saralegui%2C+Cristina+Tabernero%3A+Navarrismos+en+el+diccionario+de+la+Real+Academia+Espa%C3%B1ola%2C+Pamplona%3A+Gobierno+de+Navarra%2C+Departamento+de+Educaci%C3%B3n+y+Cultura%2C+2001&rft.aulast=Irribaren&rft.aufirst=Jose+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarre&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Navarre" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Navarre">Navarre</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navarra.es/home_en">Official website</a> (in Basque/English/French/Spanish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lebrelblanco.com/">History of Navarre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasbardenas.com/">(LAS BARDENAS, CAVERN, GROTTE VALTIERRA, CUEVAS DE VALTIERRA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bardenas-reales.net/">Bardenas Reales desert (Navarra)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terradaily.com/2004/040530015900.yamfs3ee.html">Northern Spanish region leads way on renewable energy</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060725030634/http://www.esv.or.at/esv/fileadmin/res_e_regions/GN_RESe-map-NAVARRA-_EN__en.pdf">"Navarra: Electricity from renewable energy sources"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esv.or.at/esv/fileadmin/res_e_regions/GN_RESe-map-NAVARRA-_EN__en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-07-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navarra%3A+Electricity+from+renewable+energy+sources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esv.or.at%2Fesv%2Ffileadmin%2Fres_e_regions%2FGN_RESe-map-NAVARRA-_EN__en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANavarre" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(211 KB)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007042428/http://www.euskarakultur.org/">Euskara Kultur Elkargoa-<i>Basque Cultural Foundation</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rural-pyrenees-guide.com/navarra.html">Guide to the Navarra Pyrenees mountains.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Albacete" title="Province of Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alicante" title="Province of Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Badajoz" title="Province of Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Province of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Province of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuenca" title="Province of Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Girona" title="Province of Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Palmas" title="Province of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lleida" title="Province of Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Seville" title="Province of Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tarragona" title="Province of Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teruel" title="Province of Teruel">Teruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valencia" title="Province of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zaragoza" title="Province of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditional_provinces_of_the_Basque_Country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euskal_Herria_provinces" title="Template:Euskal Herria provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euskal_Herria_provinces" title="Template talk:Euskal Herria provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euskal_Herria_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euskal Herria provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_provinces_of_the_Basque_Country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Traditional provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Basque_Country" title="Southern Basque Country">Southern Basque Country</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Autonomous Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navarre</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional provinces of Euskal Herria / Basque Country"><img alt="Traditional provinces of Euskal Herria / Basque Country" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Basque_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Basque Country">Northern Basque Country</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labourd" title="Labourd">Labourd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soule" title="Soule">Soule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4018#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4018#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4018#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122425374">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143787274">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204156/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4041455-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78095356">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119508394">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119508394">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Navarra (Španělsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge449255&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwzxtc31ln11bn">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/34852">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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