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Beschikbaar in 36 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="محمد خوارزم شاه الثاني – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد خوارزم شاه الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="محمد خوارزم شاه التانى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد خوارزم شاه التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d_(Xar%C9%99zm_h%C3%B6kmdar%C4%B1)" title="II Məhəmməd (Xarəzm hökmdarı) – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Məhəmməd (Xarəzm hökmdarı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_II" title="Ала ад-Дзін Мухамед II – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ала ад-Дзін Мухамед II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="আলাউদ্দিন মুহাম্মদ খোয়ারিজমশাহ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলাউদ্দিন মুহাম্মদ খোয়ারিজমশাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A0-ad-Din_Muh%C3%A0mmad" title="Alà-ad-Din Muhàmmad – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alà-ad-Din Muhàmmad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1udd%C3%ADn_Muhammad" title="Aláuddín Muhammad – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aláuddín Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II._(Choresmien)" title="Muhammad II. (Choresmien) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muhammad II. (Choresmien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Khwarazm" title="Muhammad II of Khwarazm – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muhammad II of Khwarazm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_II_de_Corasmia" title="Mohamed II de Corasmia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mohamed II de Corasmia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_ad-Din_Muhammad" title="Ala ad-Din Muhammad – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ala ad-Din Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaudin_Muhamad" title="Alaudin Muhamad – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alaudin Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Mohammed_hv%C3%A1rezmi_sah" title="II. Mohammed hvárezmi sah – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Mohammed hvárezmi sah" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alauddin_Muhammad_II" title="Alauddin Muhammad II – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alauddin Muhammad II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_di_Corasmia" title="Muhammad II di Corasmia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muhammad II di Corasmia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89" title="アラーウッディーン・ムハンマド – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラーウッディーン・ムハンマド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_II" title="ალაადინ მუჰამად II – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალაადინ მუჰამად II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Мұхаммед Хорезмшах – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед Хорезмшах" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9B%83%EB%94%98_%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C" title="알라 웃딘 무함마드 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알라 웃딘 무함마드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="II Мухаммед (Хорезм) – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="II Мухаммед (Хорезм)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मुहम्मद दुसरा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुहम्मद दुसरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alauddin_Muhammad" title="Alauddin Muhammad – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alauddin Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99Ala_ad-Din_Muhammad_II" title="’Ala ad-Din Muhammad II – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="’Ala ad-Din Muhammad II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_II" title="Ала ад-Дин Мухаммед II – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ала ад-Дин Мухаммед II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_ad-Din_Muhammed_II" title="Ala ad-Din Muhammed II – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ala ad-Din Muhammed II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="இரண்டாம் அலாவுதீன் முகம்மது – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாம் அலாவுதீன் முகம்மது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3" title="Алоуддин Муҳаммади Хоразмшоҳ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" 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II của Khwarazm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8C%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E6%9C%AB" title="阿拉乌丁·摩诃末 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉乌丁·摩诃末" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8C%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E6%9C%AB" title="阿拉乌丁·摩诃末 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉乌丁·摩诃末" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg/260px-Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg/390px-Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg/520px-Iszl%C3%A1m_vil%C3%A1g_1200k.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="1654" /></a><figcaption><div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #00CCFF; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">sultanaat Chorasmië omstreeks 1200</span></div><div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FF7F2B; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Ghowriden</span></div><div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #CEB99C; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifaat_van_de_Abbasiden" title="Kalifaat van de Abbasiden">Abbasiden</a></span></div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Muhammad II van Chorasmië</b> of <b>Ala ad-Din Muhammad II</b> was sultan van <a href="/wiki/Chorasmi%C3%AB" title="Chorasmië">Chorasmië</a> van 1200 tot 1220. Hij bracht zijn rijk naar de grootste omvang, maar ook naar de vernietiging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_II_van_Chorasmi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Context" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_II_van_Chorasmi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Context"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toen Muhammad II aan de macht kwam in 1200 stond het land onder groter druk van <a href="/wiki/Ghowriden" title="Ghowriden">Ghowriden</a>. Als sultan Ghiyāṣ van de Ghowriden in 1203 stierf veroverde Muhammad II de stad <a href="/wiki/Herat_(stad)" title="Herat (stad)">Herat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ghowri" title="Muhammad Ghowri">Muhammad Ghowri</a>, de broer van Ghiyāṣ viel Chorasmië aan en veroverde hun hoofdstad <a href="/wiki/Kunya-Urgench" title="Kunya-Urgench">Kunya-Urgench</a>. Muhammad II zocht hulp bij de <a href="/wiki/Kara-Kitan" title="Kara-Kitan">Kara-Kitan</a>, wat volgde was de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_bij_Andkhud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag bij Andkhud (de pagina bestaat niet)">slag bij Andkhud</a>, een nederlaag voor Muhammad Ghowri. Na de dood van Muhammad Ghowri in 1206, profiteerde Muhammad II ervan om het westelijk deel van het rijk van de Ghowriden in te palmen. In 1211/1212 slaagde hij er ook in het rijk van de <a href="/wiki/Karachaniden" title="Karachaniden">Karachaniden</a> te veroveren. In 1217 strekte zijn rijk van de rivier de <a href="/wiki/Syr_Darja" title="Syr Darja">Syr Darja</a> tot aan de <a href="/wiki/Perzische_Golf" title="Perzische Golf">Perzische Golf</a>. </p><p>Muhammad II werd overmoedig en eiste van kalief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Nasir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Nasir (de pagina bestaat niet)">al-Nasir</a> (1180-1225) de titel van <i><a href="/wiki/Sjah" title="Sjah">sjah</a></i>, wat hem werd geweigerd. Hij zette een strafexpeditie op richting <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, maar zijn leger werd door een sneeuwstorm weggevaagd in het <a href="/wiki/Zagrosgebergte" title="Zagrosgebergte">Zagrosgebergte</a>. </p><p>In 1218 werd hij benaderd door afgezanten van <a href="/wiki/Dzjengis_Khan" title="Dzjengis Khan">Dzjengis Khan</a> met een voorstel voor een handelsakkoord. Na veel heen en weer gepalaver liet Muhammad II een van de afgevaardigden executeren. In 1219 werd Chorasmië door de <a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_Rijk" title="Mongoolse Rijk">Mongolen</a> onder de voet gelopen. Muhammad II kon vluchten, maar stierf kort nadien. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Khwarazm?oldid=1144504042">Muhammad II of Khwarazm</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. 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