CINXE.COM
Aspark - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Aspark - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"67a78c0c-33c4-4add-9db6-992c7ae80491","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Aspark","wgTitle":"Aspark","wgCurRevisionId":1234999334,"wgRevisionId":1234999334,"wgArticleId":67377820,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Japanese-language text","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2021","Car manufacturers of Japan","Manufacturing companies based in Osaka","Electric vehicle manufacturers of Japan","Japanese brands","Japanese companies established in 2005","Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2005","Car brands"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Aspark","wgRelevantArticleId":67377820,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q96633880","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Aspark-logo.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Aspark-logo.png/800px-Aspark-logo.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Aspark-logo.png/640px-Aspark-logo.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Aspark - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspark"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspark"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Aspark rootpage-Aspark skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Aspark" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Aspark" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Aspark" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Aspark" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aspark</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="آسپارک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسپارک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%8C%ED%81%AC" title="아스파크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아스파크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="אספרק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אספרק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="アスパーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスパーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspark" title="Aspark – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aspark" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q96633880#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aspark" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Aspark" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aspark"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aspark"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Aspark" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Aspark" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&oldid=1234999334" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Aspark&id=1234999334&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAspark"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAspark"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Aspark&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aspark" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q96633880" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Aspark Co., Ltd.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspark-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Aspark-logo.png/220px-Aspark-logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Aspark-logo.png/330px-Aspark-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Aspark-logo.png/440px-Aspark-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Aspark</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">株式会社アスパーク</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a> name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Asupāku kabushiki gaisha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha" title="Kabushiki gaisha">Kabushiki gaisha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">October 2005<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">October 2005</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Kita-ku,_Osaka" title="Kita-ku, Osaka">Kita-ku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Masanori Yoshida (President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asparkcompany.com">asparkcompany<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Aspark Co., Ltd.</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Japanese company that develops its business centered on technical, chemical, and medical worker dispatching businesses as well as electric vehicles. It is well known for the development of the all-electric sports car <a href="/wiki/Aspark_Owl" title="Aspark Owl">Aspark Owl</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aspark was founded in October 2005 by Japanese businessman Masanori Yoshida in Osaka. In the following years, the company focused on offering engineering services for the automotive industry, as well as for the heavy industry and the electronics industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 2019, Aspark had grown to 25 offices worldwide, employing 3,500 people and generating a turnover of <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>160 million.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, Aspark began work on an electric supercar, aimed at offering record performance (less than 2 seconds to 100 km/h (62 mph)) with the possibility of moving the vehicle in traffic. After the presentation of the pre-production prototype at the 2017 <a href="/wiki/International_Motor_Show_Germany" title="International Motor Show Germany">Frankfurt Motor Show</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the official premiere of the serial <a href="/wiki/Aspark_Owl" title="Aspark Owl">Aspark Owl</a> took place in November 2019 during the <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Motor_Show" title="Dubai International Motor Show">Dubai International Motor Show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production of Owl on behalf of Aspark by the Italian partner <a href="/wiki/Manifattura_Automobili_Torino" title="Manifattura Automobili Torino">Manifattura Automobili Torino</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> in 2020. The manufacturer describes Owl as the fastest-accelerating car in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspark_Owl" title="Aspark Owl">Aspark Owl</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">株式会社アスパーク</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Asupāku Kabushiki gaisha</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618083421/https://asparkcompany.com/company/">"Lines of business: engineering and car manufacturing"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asparkcompany.com/company/">the original</a> on 18 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lines+of+business%3A+engineering+and+car+manufacturing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasparkcompany.com%2Fcompany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jalopnik.com/drop-everything-japans-aspark-owl-electric-hypercar-ju-1823109921">"Drop Everything, Japan's Aspark Owl Electric Hypercar Just Did 0-60 In 1.9 Seconds"</a>. 18 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drop+Everything%2C+Japan%27s+Aspark+Owl+Electric+Hypercar+Just+Did+0-60+In+1.9+Seconds&rft.date=2018-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjalopnik.com%2Fdrop-everything-japans-aspark-owl-electric-hypercar-ju-1823109921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/2020-aspark-owl-electric-hypercar-production/">"Aspark's electric Owl hypercar is finally ready to hatch after years of waiting"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aspark%27s+electric+Owl+hypercar+is+finally+ready+to+hatch+after+years+of+waiting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Froadshow%2Fnews%2F2020-aspark-owl-electric-hypercar-production%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210143955/https://asparkcompany.com/aspark-owl-the-fastest-full-electric-hypercar/">"The fastest accelerating car in the world"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asparkcompany.com/aspark-owl-the-fastest-full-electric-hypercar/">the original</a> on 10 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+fastest+accelerating+car+in+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasparkcompany.com%2Faspark-owl-the-fastest-full-electric-hypercar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asparkcompany.com">Official website</a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Automotive_industry_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Template:Automotive industry in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Automotive_industry_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Automotive industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Japan" title="Category:Automotive companies of Japan">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Japan">Vehicle producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native<br />manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobacs_Seven#ASL" title="Autobacs Seven">ASL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duesen_Bayern" title="Duesen Bayern">Duesen Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLM_Co._Ltd." title="GLM Co. Ltd.">GLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marusho" title="Marusho">Marusho</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">UD Trucks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Jiotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Kawasaki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Motors" title="Kawasaki Motors">Kawasaki Motors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amati_Cars" title="Amati Cars">Amati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autozam" title="Autozam">Autozam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C6%90%CC%83fini" title="Ɛ̃fini">Ẽfini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eunos_(automobile)" title="Eunos (automobile)">Eunos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M2_(Mazda)" title="M2 (Mazda)">M2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Xedos" title="Mazda Xedos">Xedos</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi Motors</a> (66%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuso_(company)" title="Fuso (company)">Mitsubishi Fuso</a> (10.71%)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuoka" title="Mitsuoka">Mitsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Kokuki" title="Aichi Kokuki">Cony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Datsun" title="Datsun">Datsun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiniti" title="Infiniti">Infiniti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyu_Kogyo_Kurogane" title="Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane">Kurogane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ohta_Jidosha" title="Ohta Jidosha">Ohta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otomo_(automobile)" title="Otomo (automobile)">Otomo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Motor_Company" title="Prince Motor Company">Prince</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Shatai" title="Nissan Shatai">Shatai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Motor_Company" title="Prince Motor Company">Tama</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Honda_Mobility" title="Sony Honda Mobility">Sony Honda Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Corporation" title="Subaru Corporation">Subaru Corporation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Legacy_(third_generation)#Models" title="Subaru Legacy (third generation)">Blitzen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hope_Motor_Company" title="Hope Motor Company">Hope</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeoka_Auto_Craft" title="Takeoka Auto Craft">Takeoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scion_(automobile)" title="Scion (automobile)">Scion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexus" title="Lexus">Lexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WiLL" title="WiLL">WiLL</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company" title="Yamaha Motor Company">Yamaha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Japan" title="Ford Motor Company of Japan">Ford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Japan" title="General Motors Japan">General Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis_Japan" title="Stellantis Japan">Stellantis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toyota_manufacturing_facilities#Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Toyota manufacturing facilities">Toyota Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Heritage_Collection" title="Nissan Heritage Collection">Zama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisin" title="Aisin">Aisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_Brake_Industry" title="Akebono Brake Industry">Akebono Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluE_Nexus" title="BluE Nexus">BluE Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GS_Yuasa" title="GS Yuasa">GS Yuasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi#Hitachi_Astemo" title="Hitachi">Hitachi Astemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihin_Corporation" title="Keihin Corporation">Keihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissin_Kogyo" title="Nissin Kogyo">Nissin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showa_Corporation" title="Showa Corporation">Showa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(company)" title="HKS (company)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IHI_Corporation" title="IHI Corporation">IHI Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatco" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatco">Jatco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JECS" title="JECS">JECS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTEKT" title="JTEKT">JTEKT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayaba_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayaba Industry">Kayaba Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marelli_Holdings" title="Marelli Holdings">Marelli Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikuni_(company)" title="Mikuni (company)">Mikuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuba_Corporation" title="Mitsuba Corporation">Mitsuba Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachi-Fujikoshi" title="Nachi-Fujikoshi">Nachi-Fujikoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Spring_Company" title="NHK Spring Company">NHK Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisshinbo_Holdings" title="Nisshinbo Holdings">Nisshinbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niterra" title="Niterra">Niterra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSK_Ltd." title="NSK Ltd.">NSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTN_Corporation" title="NTN Corporation">NTN Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAA_Corporation" title="PIAA Corporation">PIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Riko" title="Sumitomo Riko">Sumitomo Riko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Rubber_Industries" title="Sumitomo Rubber Industries">Sumitomo Rubber Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takata_Corporation" title="Takata Corporation">Takata Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THK_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="THK (company)">THK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokico" title="Tokico">Tokico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topre" title="Topre">Topre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topy_Industries" title="Topy Industries">Topy Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyo_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyo Tire & Rubber Company">Toyo Tire & Rubber Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Boshoku" title="Toyota Boshoku">Toyota Boshoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsubakimoto_Chain" title="Tsubakimoto Chain">Tsubakimoto Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmar" title="Yanmar">Yanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazaki_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazaki Corporation">Yazaki Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Rubber_Company" title="Yokohama Rubber Company">Yokohama Rubber Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zexel" title="Zexel">Zexel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport and<br />tuners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autech" title="Autech">Autech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitz_(company)" title="Blitz (company)">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkei_Corporation" title="Enkei Corporation">Enkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GReddy" title="GReddy">GReddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(company)" title="HKS (company)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Racing_Corporation" title="Honda Racing Corporation">Honda Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impul" title="Impul">Impul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUN_Auto" title="JUN Auto">JUN Auto</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kojima_Engineering" title="Kojima Engineering">Kojima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaspeed" title="Mazdaspeed">Mazdaspeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine%27s" title="Mine's">Mine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugen_Motorsports" title="Mugen Motorsports">Mugen Motorsports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nismo" title="Nismo">Nismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralliart" title="Ralliart">Ralliart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rays_Wheels" title="Rays Wheels">Rays Wheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RE_Amemiya" title="RE Amemiya">RE Amemiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARD" title="SARD">SARD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_Sports" title="Spoon Sports">Spoon Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSR_Wheels" title="SSR Wheels">SSR Wheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_Tecnica_International" title="Subaru Tecnica International">Subaru Tecnica International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tein_(company)" title="Tein (company)">Tein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toda_Racing" title="Toda Racing">Toda Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommykaira" title="Tommykaira">Tommykaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Secret_(company)" title="Top Secret (company)">Top Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOM%27S" title="TOM'S">TOM'S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Gazoo_Racing" title="Toyota Gazoo Racing">Toyota Gazoo Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Racing_Development" title="Toyota Racing Development">Toyota Racing Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veilside" title="Veilside">Veilside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WedsSport" class="mw-redirect" title="WedsSport">WedsSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_Wheels" title="Work Wheels">Work Wheels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobacs_Seven" title="Autobacs Seven">Autobacs Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanase_(car_dealership)" title="Yanase (car dealership)">Yanase Imported Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association">Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Motor Show">Tokyo Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Auto_Salon" title="Tokyo Auto Salon">Tokyo Auto Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_used_vehicle_exporting" title="Japanese used vehicle exporting">Used vehicle exporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_highways_of_Japan" title="National highways of Japan">National Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Japan" title="Expressways of Japan">Expressways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><i>Note</i>: Defunct companies and marques above are shown in <i>italics</i></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Category:Automotive industry in Japan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automotive industry in Japan">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry" title="Template:Automotive industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry" title="Template talk:Automotive industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">Motor vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_by_country" title="Automotive industry by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt" title="Automotive industry in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Kenya" title="Automotive industry in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Morocco" title="Automotive industry in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Nigeria" title="Automotive industry in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Africa" title="Automotive industry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Africa" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Africa">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_China" title="List of automobile manufacturers of China">manufacturers list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile_manufacturers_and_brands_of_China" title="Automobile manufacturers and brands of China">manufacturers detailed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_India" title="List of automobile manufacturers of India">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Japan">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Malaysia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Malaysia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_South_Korea" title="List of automobile manufacturers of South Korea">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Automotive industry in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_automakers" title="List of Taiwanese automakers">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Uzbekistan" title="Automotive industry in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Asia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Asia">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Belarus" title="Automotive industry in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bulgaria" title="Automotive industry in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Croatia" title="Automotive industry in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Automotive industry in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the Czech Republic">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_France" title="List of automobile manufacturers of France">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Hungary" title="Automotive industry in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ireland" title="Automotive industry in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Italy" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Italy">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Poland" title="Automotive industry in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Poland" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Poland">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Russia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Russia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Slovakia" title="Automotive industry in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_automobiles" title="List of Spanish automobiles">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Sweden" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Sweden">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Automotive industry in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Europe" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Europe">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Canada" title="Automotive industry in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Canada" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Canada">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Mexico" title="Automotive industry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the United States">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Argentina" title="Automotive industry in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Argentina" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Argentina">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Brazil" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Australia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Australia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Automotive industry in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_sales_by_model" title="List of automobile sales by model">Automobile sales by model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_automobiles" title="List of best-selling automobiles">Best-selling automobiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">Countries by motor vehicle production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by vehicles per capita">Countries by vehicles per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">Top manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010">Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">History of the automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_internal_combustion_engine" title="History of the internal combustion engine">History of the internal combustion engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_motorcycle" title="History of the motorcycle">History of the motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_motor_vehicle_brands" title="Timeline of motor vehicle brands">Timeline of motor vehicle brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers">Automobile manufacturers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_brands" title="List of car brands">marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_by_parent_company" title="List of automobile manufacturers by parent company">by parent company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bus_manufacturers" title="Category:Bus manufacturers">Bus manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motorcycle_manufacturers" title="List of motorcycle manufacturers">Motorcycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_truck_manufacturers" title="List of truck manufacturers">Truck manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_automotive_manufacturing_groups" title="Minor automotive manufacturing groups">Minor automotive manufacturing groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="European Automobile Manufacturers Association">European Automobile Manufacturers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Internationale_des_Constructeurs_d%27Automobiles" title="Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles">Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_shows_and_motor_shows_by_continent" title="List of auto shows and motor shows by continent">Auto and motor shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_engineering" title="Automotive engineering">Automotive engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_time" title="Drive time">Drive time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facelift_(automotive)" title="Facelift (automotive)">Facelift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebadging" title="Rebadging">Rebadging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_badge-engineered_vehicles" title="List of badge-engineered vehicles">list of vehicles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debadging" title="Debadging">Debadging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_automotive_terms" title="Glossary of automotive terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="hlist"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry" title="Category:Automotive industry">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automotive industry">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_automobile-related_articles" title="Lists of automobile-related articles">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57488d5c7d‐p8589 Cached time: 20241128025848 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.641 seconds Real time usage: 0.790 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2169/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 96562/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2383/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33174/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.433/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16344575/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 690.145 1 -total 42.71% 294.735 1 Template:Infobox_company 41.05% 283.305 1 Template:Infobox 23.03% 158.925 1 Template:Lang 19.45% 134.227 5 Template:Navbox 17.85% 123.210 1 Template:Reflist 16.85% 116.316 1 Template:Automotive_industry_in_Japan 15.29% 105.545 4 Template:Cite_web 11.81% 81.481 1 Template:Short_description 7.22% 49.837 2 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67377820-0!canonical and timestamp 20241128025848 and revision id 1234999334. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspark&oldid=1234999334">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspark&oldid=1234999334</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Car_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="Category:Car manufacturers of Japan">Car manufacturers of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Osaka" title="Category:Manufacturing companies based in Osaka">Manufacturing companies based in Osaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Electric_vehicle_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of Japan">Electric vehicle manufacturers of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_brands" title="Category:Japanese brands">Japanese brands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_companies_established_in_2005" title="Category:Japanese companies established in 2005">Japanese companies established in 2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vehicle_manufacturing_companies_established_in_2005" title="Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2005">Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Car_brands" title="Category:Car brands">Car brands</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2021">Use dmy dates from September 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 July 2024, at 06:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspark&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-p8589","wgBackendResponseTime":968,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.641","walltime":"0.790","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2169,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":96562,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2383,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":33174,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 690.145 1 -total"," 42.71% 294.735 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 41.05% 283.305 1 Template:Infobox"," 23.03% 158.925 1 Template:Lang"," 19.45% 134.227 5 Template:Navbox"," 17.85% 123.210 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.85% 116.316 1 Template:Automotive_industry_in_Japan"," 15.29% 105.545 4 Template:Cite_web"," 11.81% 81.481 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.22% 49.837 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.433","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16344575,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-p8589","timestamp":"20241128025848","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Aspark","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspark","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q96633880","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q96633880","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-04-12T14:59:35Z","dateModified":"2024-07-17T06:06:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/36\/Aspark-logo.png","headline":"Japanese company"}</script> </body> </html>