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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Antenna for receiving power</div> <p> <span class="anchor" id="Filtenna"></span> A <b>rectenna</b> (<b><i>rect</i>ifying ant<i>enna</i></b>) is a special type of receiving <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenna (electronics)">antenna</a> that is used for converting <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic">electromagnetic</a> energy into <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> (DC) <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>. They are used in <a href="/wiki/Wireless_power_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless power transmission">wireless power transmission</a> systems that transmit power by <a href="/wiki/Radio_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio waves">radio waves</a>. A simple rectenna element consists of a <a href="/wiki/Dipole_antenna" title="Dipole antenna">dipole antenna</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">diode</a> connected across the dipole elements. The diode <a href="/wiki/Rectifier" title="Rectifier">rectifies</a> the <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a> induced in the antenna by the microwaves, to produce DC power, which powers a load connected across the diode. <a href="/wiki/Schottky_diode" title="Schottky diode">Schottky diodes</a> are usually used because they have the lowest voltage drop and highest speed and therefore have the lowest power losses due to conduction and switching.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large rectennas consist of arrays of many power receiving elements such as dipole antennas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A printed rectenna lighting an LED from a Powercast 915 MHz transmitter, flexible meshed antenna bent with a red LED light" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg/220px-Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg/330px-Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg/440px-Meshed1GHzPrintedRectenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="2422" /></a><figcaption>A printed meshed rectenna lighting an LED from a Powercast 915 MHz transmitter</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_beaming_applications">Power beaming applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Power beaming applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The invention of the rectenna in the 1960s made long distance <a href="/wiki/Wireless_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless power">wireless power transmission</a> feasible. The rectenna was invented in 1964 and patented in 1969<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by US electrical engineer <a href="/wiki/William_C._Brown" title="William C. Brown">William C. Brown</a>, who demonstrated it with a model helicopter powered by microwaves transmitted from the ground, received by an attached rectenna.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, one of the major motivations for rectenna research has been to develop a receiving antenna for proposed <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar power satellite">solar power satellites</a>, which would harvest energy from sunlight in space with <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a> and beam it down to Earth as microwaves to huge rectenna arrays.<sup id="cite_ref-Torrey_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torrey-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proposed military application is to power <a href="/wiki/Drone_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone aircraft">drone</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a> with microwaves beamed from the ground, allowing them to stay aloft for long periods. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg/220px-Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg/330px-Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg/440px-Millimeter_wave_textile_rectenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption> A wearable millimeter-wave textile rectenna fabricated on a textile substrate for harvesting power in the 5G K-bands (20–26.5 GHz)</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years, interest has turned to using rectennas as power sources for small wireless microelectronic devices. The largest current use of rectennas is in <a href="/wiki/RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a> tags, <a href="/wiki/Proximity_card" title="Proximity card">proximity cards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contactless_smart_card" title="Contactless smart card">contactless smart cards</a>, which contain an integrated circuit (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">IC</a>) which is powered by a small rectenna element. When the device is brought near an electronic reader unit, radio waves from the reader are received by the rectenna, powering up the IC, which transmits its data back to the reader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio_frequency_rectennas">Radio frequency rectennas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Radio frequency rectennas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The simplest <a href="/wiki/Crystal_radio" title="Crystal radio">crystal radio</a> receiver, employing an <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Demodulation" title="Demodulation">demodulating</a> <a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">diode</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rectifier" title="Rectifier">rectifier</a>), is actually a rectenna, although it discards the <a href="/wiki/DC_bias" title="DC bias">DC component</a> before sending the signal to the <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">headphones</a>. People living near strong radio <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitters</a> would occasionally discover that with a long receiving antenna, they could get enough electric power to light a light bulb.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, this example uses only one antenna having a limited capture area. A rectenna array uses multiple antennas spread over a wide area to capture more energy. </p><p>Researchers are experimenting with the use of rectennas to power sensors in remote areas and distributed networks of sensors, especially for <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT</a> applications.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>RF rectennas are used for several forms of <a href="/wiki/Wireless_power_transfer" title="Wireless power transfer">wireless power transfer</a>. In the microwave range, experimental devices have reached a power conversion efficiency of 85–90%.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The record conversion efficiency for a rectenna is 90.6% for 2.45 GHz,<sup id="cite_ref-McSpadden1998_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McSpadden1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with lower efficiency of about 82% achieved at 5.82 GHz.<sup id="cite_ref-McSpadden1998_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McSpadden1998-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Optical_rectennas">Optical rectennas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Optical rectennas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Optical_rectenna" title="Optical rectenna">Optical rectenna</a></div> <p>In principle, similar devices, scaled down to the proportions used in <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, can be used to convert <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> directly into electricity. This type of device is called an <i><a href="/wiki/Optical_rectenna" title="Optical rectenna">optical rectenna</a></i> (or "nantenna").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theoretically, high efficiencies can be maintained as the device shrinks, but to date efficiency has been limited, and so far there has not been convincing evidence that rectification has been achieved at optical frequencies. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> previously reported on work to develop low-cost, high-efficiency optical-frequency rectennas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prototype devices were investigated in a collaboration between the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Altoona" title="Penn State Altoona">Penn State Altoona</a> using a grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the use of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_layer_deposition" title="Atomic layer deposition">atomic layer deposition</a> it has been suggested that conversion efficiencies of solar energy to electricity higher than 70% could eventually be achieved. </p><p>The creation of successful optical rectenna technology has two major complicating factors: </p> <ol><li>Fabricating an antenna small enough to couple optical wavelengths.</li> <li>Creating an ultra-fast diode capable of rectifying the high frequency oscillations, at frequency of ~500 THz.</li></ol> <p>Below are a few examples of potential paths to creating diodes that would be fast enough to rectify optical and near-optical radiation. </p><p>A promising path towards creating these ultrafast diodes has been in the form of "<a href="/wiki/Geometric_diode" title="Geometric diode">geometric diodes</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graphene geometric diodes have been reported to rectify <a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">terahertz radiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, geometric diodes were reported in <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> <a href="/wiki/Nanowire" title="Nanowire">nanowires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wires were shown experimentally to rectify up to 40 GHz, that result was the limit of the instrument used, and the wires theoretically may be able to rectify signals in the terahertz region as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microstrip_antenna" title="Microstrip antenna">Microstrip antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_power_transfer" title="Wireless power transfer">Wireless power transfer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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Brown's Distinguished Career</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangGrajalVazquez-RoyRadhakrishna2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Xu; Grajal, Jesús; Vazquez-Roy, Jose Luis; Radhakrishna, Ujwal; Wang, Xiaoxue; Chern, Winston; Zhou, Lin; Lin, Yuxuan; Shen, Pin-Chun; Ji, Xiang; Ling, Xi; Zubair, Ahmad; Zhang, Yuhao; Wang, Han; Dubey, Madan; Kong, Jing; <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Dresselhaus, Mildred</a>; Palacios, Tomás (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oa.upm.es/79152/">"Two-dimensional MoS2-enabled flexible rectenna for Wi-Fi-band wireless energy harvesting"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>566</b> (7744): 368–372. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.566..368Z">2019Natur.566..368Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-0892-1">10.1038/s41586-019-0892-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30692651">30692651</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59307657">59307657</a>.</cite><span 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class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190128111718.htm">"Converting Wi-Fi signals to electricity with new 2D materials"</a>. <i>ScienceDaily</i> (Press release). 2019-01-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Converting+Wi-Fi+signals+to+electricity+with+new+2D+materials&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2019%2F01%2F190128111718.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectenna" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antenna_types" title="Template:Antenna types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antenna_types" title="Template talk:Antenna types"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antenna_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antenna types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antenna_types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">Antenna</a> types</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isotropy" title="Isotropy">Isotropic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isotropic_radiator" title="Isotropic radiator">Isotropic radiator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna" title="Omnidirectional antenna">Omnidirectional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batwing_antenna" title="Batwing antenna">Batwing antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biconical_antenna" title="Biconical antenna">Biconical antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_aerial" title="Cage aerial">Cage aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_antenna" title="Coaxial antenna">Coaxial antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossed_field_antenna" title="Crossed field antenna">Crossed field antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dielectric_resonator_antenna" title="Dielectric resonator antenna">Dielectric resonator antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipole_antenna" title="Dipole antenna">Dipole antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discone_antenna" title="Discone antenna">Discone antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folded_unipole_antenna" title="Folded unipole antenna">Folded unipole antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Samuel_Franklin#High-efficiency_Medium-wave_Transmitting_Antenna" title="Charles Samuel Franklin">Franklin antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whip_antenna#Gain_and_radiation_resistance" title="Whip antenna">Ground-plane antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G5RV_antenna" title="G5RV antenna">G5RV antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_antenna" title="Halo antenna">Halo antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helical_antenna" title="Helical antenna">Helical antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted-F_antenna" title="Inverted-F antenna">Inverted-F antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_vee_antenna" title="Inverted vee antenna">Inverted vee antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pole_antenna" title="J-pole antenna">J-pole antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_radiator" title="Mast radiator">Mast radiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopole_antenna" title="Monopole antenna">Monopole antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_wire_antenna" title="Random wire antenna">Random wire antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_ducky_antenna" title="Rubber ducky antenna">Rubber ducky antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloper_antenna" title="Sloper antenna">Sloper antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnstile_antenna" title="Turnstile antenna">Turnstile antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2FD_antenna" title="T2FD antenna">T2FD antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-antenna" title="T-antenna">T-antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_antenna" title="Umbrella antenna">Umbrella antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whip_antenna" title="Whip antenna">Whip antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Directional_antenna" title="Directional antenna">Directional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adcock_antenna" title="Adcock antenna">Adcock antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_vertical_incidence_skywave#The_AS-2259_Antenna" title="Near vertical incidence skywave">AS-2259 Antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWX_antenna" title="AWX antenna">AWX antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_antenna" title="Beverage antenna">Beverage antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantenna" title="Cantenna">Cantenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassegrain_antenna" title="Cassegrain antenna">Cassegrain antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choke_ring_antenna" title="Choke ring antenna">Choke ring antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collinear_antenna_array" title="Collinear antenna array">Collinear antenna array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conformal_antenna" title="Conformal antenna">Conformal antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_reflector_antenna" title="Corner reflector antenna">Corner reflector antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_array" title="Curtain array">Curtain array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folded_inverted_conformal_antenna" title="Folded inverted conformal antenna">Folded inverted conformal antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractal_antenna" title="Fractal antenna">Fractal antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizmotchy" title="Gizmotchy">Gizmotchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helical_antenna" title="Helical antenna">Helical antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_antenna" title="Horn antenna">Horn antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-periodic_antenna" title="Log-periodic antenna">Log-periodic antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_antenna" title="Loop antenna">Loop antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstrip_antenna" title="Microstrip antenna">Microstrip antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxon_antenna" title="Moxon antenna">Moxon antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offset_dish_antenna" title="Offset dish antenna">Offset dish antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_antenna" title="Patch antenna">Patch antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phased_array" title="Phased array">Phased array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planar_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Planar array">Planar array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabolic_antenna" title="Parabolic antenna">Parabolic antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_antenna" title="Plasma antenna">Plasma antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_antenna" title="Quad antenna">Quad antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflective_array_antenna" title="Reflective array antenna">Reflective array antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_loop_antenna" title="Regenerative loop antenna">Regenerative loop antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhombic_antenna" title="Rhombic antenna">Rhombic antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_antenna" title="Sector antenna">Sector antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_backfire_antenna" title="Short backfire antenna">Short backfire antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_antenna" title="Slot antenna">Slot antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterba_antenna" title="Sterba antenna">Sterba antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_antenna" title="Vivaldi antenna">Vivaldi antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WokFi" title="WokFi">WokFi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALLISS" title="ALLISS">ALLISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_reflector" title="Corner reflector">Corner reflector</a> (passive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_antenna" title="Evolved antenna">Evolved antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_dipole" title="Ground dipole">Ground dipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconfigurable_antenna" title="Reconfigurable antenna">Reconfigurable antenna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rectenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_antenna" title="Reference antenna">Reference antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_antenna" title="Spiral antenna">Spiral antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circularly_disposed_antenna_array" title="Circularly disposed antenna array">Circularly disposed antenna array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_antenna" title="Television antenna">Television antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&oldid=1245886220">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rectenna&oldid=1245886220</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_frequency_antenna_types" title="Category:Radio frequency antenna types">Radio frequency antenna types</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solar_cells" title="Category:Solar cells">Solar cells</a></li><li><a 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