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<ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_indication_of_descent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_indication_of_descent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other indication of descent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_indication_of_descent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Existence_of_descendants_of_Hasan_al-Askari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Existence_of_descendants_of_Hasan_al-Askari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Existence of descendants of Hasan al-Askari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Existence_of_descendants_of_Hasan_al-Askari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Middle East subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahrain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahrain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Bahrain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahrain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Oman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle South Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>North India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uttar_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttar_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Uttar Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttar_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bihar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bihar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Bihar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bihar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Kerala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sayyid_members_in_Kerala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sayyid_members_in_Kerala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sayyid members in Kerala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sayyid_members_in_Kerala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_studies_and_controversy_of_self-proclaimed_Indian_Sayyids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_studies_and_controversy_of_self-proclaimed_Indian_Sayyids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Genetic studies and controversy of self-proclaimed Indian Sayyids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetic_studies_and_controversy_of_self-proclaimed_Indian_Sayyids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tesayyud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tesayyud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tesayyud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tesayyud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_descendants_of_Muhammad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_descendants_of_Muhammad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Royal descendants of Muhammad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Royal_descendants_of_Muhammad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Royal descendants of Muhammad subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Royal_descendants_of_Muhammad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghan_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghan_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Afghan royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghan_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Iranian royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Qajar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qajar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.1</span> <span>Qajar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qajar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahlavi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahlavi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.2</span> <span>Pahlavi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahlavi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GCC_royal_families" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC_royal_families"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>GCC royal families</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GCC_royal_families-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-UAE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UAE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.1</span> <span>UAE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UAE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.2</span> <span>Qatar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Libyan royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sherifs_of_Mecca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sherifs_of_Mecca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Sherifs of Mecca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sherifs_of_Mecca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5.1</span> <span>Jordan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brunei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brunei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5.2</span> <span>Brunei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brunei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moroccan_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moroccan_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Moroccan royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moroccan_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sulu,_Lanao,_and_Maguindanao_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sulu,_Lanao,_and_Maguindanao_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.7</span> <span>Sulu, Lanao, and Maguindanao royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sulu,_Lanao,_and_Maguindanao_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Sayyid</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajjid" title="Sajjid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sajjid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="سيد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyid" title="Seyid – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seyid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A6" title="সৈয়দ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সৈয়দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Сәйет (титул) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәйет (титул)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0yyid" title="Sàyyid – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sàyyid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Σάγιντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάγιντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajido" title="Sajido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sajido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سادات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سادات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="사이이드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이이드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6" title="सय्यद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सय्यद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93" title="סייד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סייד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="სეიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Сәийд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сәийд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sey%C3%AEd" title="Seyîd – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Seyîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="サイイド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سادات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سادات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajjid" title="Sajjid – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sajjid" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%ADde" title="Saíde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saíde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Сеид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сеид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="سيد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سيد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajjid" title="Sajjid – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sajjid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سەید – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyyid" title="Seyyid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Seyyid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sayyid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Сәет – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сәет" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Сайид – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сайид" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyyid" title="Seyyid – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seyyid" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%B4" title="Сеїд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сеїд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سید – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li 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style="display:none">Nobility title in the Islamic world</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the given name, see <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_(name)" title="Sayyid (name)">Sayyid (name)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Sayyid<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سيد</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralamb-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ralamb-40.jpg/168px-Ralamb-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ralamb-40.jpg/252px-Ralamb-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ralamb-40.jpg/335px-Ralamb-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="520" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">In the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the Sayyids had the privilege of wearing a green turban</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Religions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, and others<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:1px solid #060;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">Usul al-Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijazah" title="Ijazah">Ijazah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">Ijma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhtilaf" title="Ikhtilaf">Ikhtilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihlal" title="Istihlal">Istihlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihsan" title="Istihsan">Istihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishab" title="Istishab">Istishab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslaha" title="Maslaha">Maslaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urf" title="Urf">Urf</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ahkam" title="Ahkam">Ahkam</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">Fard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustahabb" title="Mustahabb">Mustahabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubah" title="Mubah">Mubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makruh" title="Makruh">Makruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batil" title="Batil">Batil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">Bid'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahisha" title="Fahisha">Fahisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasiq" title="Fasiq">Fasiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad">Fasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghibah" title="Ghibah">Ghibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_sin" title="Islamic views on sin">Gunah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah">Hirabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islah" title="Islah">Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">Istighfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishhad" title="Istishhad">Istishhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasd" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasd">Qasd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Taghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyya" title="Taqiyya">Taqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawbah">Tawbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation_in_Islam" title="Moderation in Islam">Wasat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> Legal vocations and titles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_al-Isl%C4%81m" title="Shaykh al-Islām">Shaykh al-Islām</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf">Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqeeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqeeh">Faqeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohyeddin" title="Mohyeddin">Mohyeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujjat_al-Islam" title="Hujjat al-Islam">Hujjat al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">Mujtahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_(title)" title="Hakim (title)">Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_(Islamic_title)" title="Mawlawi (Islamic title)">Mawlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja" title="Khawaja">Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawl%C4%81n%C4%81" title="Mawlānā">Mawlānā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawla" title="Mawla">Mawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Mufassir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhund" title="Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">Muhaddith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid">Mujaddid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu%27l-amr" title="Ulu'l-amr">Ulu'l-amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustad" title="Ustad">Ustad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27azzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'azzin">Mu'azzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">Shahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaf" title="Salaf">Salaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">Sahabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27un" title="Tabi'un">Tabi'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27_al-Tabi%27in" title="Tabi' al-Tabi'in">Tabi' al-Tabi'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">al-Dawla</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template talk:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islam" title="Category:Sunni Islam">a series</a> on</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/200px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/300px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/400px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah_(Islamic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqidah (Islamic theology)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets and Messengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Declaration of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rightly-Guided Caliphs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Sunni <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbali</a></li></ul> <p><span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Others</span></span> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awza%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Awza'i">Awza'i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thawri" class="mw-redirect" title="Thawri">Thawri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laythi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laythi">Laythi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jariri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jariri">Jariri</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Sunni schools of theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a>)</li></ul> <p><span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size:85%;">In terms of <a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a>:</span></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a> (Ahl <a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">al-Wijdan</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">al-Kashf</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches#Movements" title="Islamic schools and branches">Contemporary movements</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi_movement" title="Barelvi movement">Barelvi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_neo-traditionalism" title="Islamic neo-traditionalism">Neo-traditionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farahi">Farahi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holy sites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub al-Sittah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam#History" title="Sunni Islam">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Persecution</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sunni_Islam" title="Template:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sunni_Islam" title="Template talk:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sunni_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Shia_Islam" title="Category:Shia Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallibles" title="The Fourteen Infallibles">The Fourteen Infallibles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;background:transparent;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Fatimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia view of Fatimah">Fatimah</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0;"> The <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Ali" title="Shia view of Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">ar-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">al-Taqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">al-Naqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Twelvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Twelvers">Principles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalah_(Islam)" title="Adalah (Islam)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Judgement Day</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate of the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Mourning of Muharram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultation_(Islam)" title="Occultation (Islam)">Occultation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Wilayat al-Faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">Usul al-fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancillaries_of_the_Faith" title="Ancillaries of the Faith">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Sawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_what_is_just" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanding what is just">Amr bi-l maʿrūf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidding_what_is_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbidding what is evil">Nahy ani l-Munkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawalli">Tawalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabarri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabarri">Tabarri</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Mourning of Muharram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een Pilgrimage">Arba'een Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Intercession</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Holy cities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadhimiya" title="Kadhimiya">Kadhimiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other related sects and groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li>Sufi orders and <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safaviyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism and folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27matull%C4%81h%C4%AB" title="Ni'matullāhī">Ni'matullāhī</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'fari jurisprudence">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Maraji" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of Maraji">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawza" title="Hawza">Hawza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Ayatollahs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ayatollahs">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojatoleslam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojatoleslam">Hojatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hadith collections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Books" title="The Four Books">The Four Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafi" title="Kitab al-Kafi">Kitab al-Kafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_La_Yahduruhu_al-Faqih" title="Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih">Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Ahkam" title="Tahdhib al-Ahkam">Tahdhib al-Ahkam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Istibsar" title="Al-Istibsar">Al-Istibsar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Other hadith collections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Sulaym_ibn_Qays" title="The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays">Book of Sulaym ibn Qays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_al-Anwar" title="Bihar al-Anwar">Bihar al-Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasā'il al-Shīʿa">Wasā'il al-Shīʿa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_of_Certainty" title="Reality of Certainty">Reality of Certainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahj_al-Balagha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahj al-Balagha">Nahj al-Balagha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafatih_al-Jinan" title="Mafatih al-Jinan">Mafatih al-Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sahifa_al-Sajjadiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya">Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amali_(of_Shaykh_Saduq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq)">Al-Amali</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Sources of <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">ijtihad</a> and jurisprudence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hadith_books#Shia_collections" title="List of hadith books">Hadiths</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallibles" title="The Fourteen Infallibles">The Infallibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijma%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijma'">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">Reason</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#D6E1CB;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shia_books" title="List of Shia books">List of Twelver Shia books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Twelver_Shia_Islam" title="Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam">Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghadir_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/16px-Ghadir_logo.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghadir_logo.png/24px-Ghadir_logo.png 1.5x, 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<p><i><b>Sayyid</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سيد</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ˈsæjjɪd]</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[sejˈjed]</a></span>; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master';<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arabic plural: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سادة</span></span> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sādah</i></span>; feminine: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سيدة</span></span> <span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">sayyidah</i></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[sejˈjede]</a></span>) is an honorific title of <a href="/wiki/Hasanids" title="Hasanids">Hasanids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Husaynids" title="Husaynids">Husaynids</a> Muslims, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet's <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">companion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> through his sons, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_graves_of_Tarim_genealogy_and_mobility_across_the_Indian_Ocean_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_graves_of_Tarim_genealogy_and_mobility_across_the_Indian_Ocean-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic language</a> experts state that it has its roots in the word <i>al-asad</i> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الأسد</span></span>, meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 158">: 158 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 265">: 265 </span></sup> The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of a specific descent, but as a <a href="/wiki/Meritocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Meritocratic">meritocratic</a> sign of respect.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wehr" title="Hans Wehr">Hans Wehr</a> <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Modern_Written_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic">Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic</a> defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sovereign, or lord.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also denotes someone respected and of high status. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, <i>sayyid</i> is the equivalent of the English word "<a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">liege lord</a>" or "master" when referring to a descendant of Muhammad, as for example in <i>Sayyid Ali Sultan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-A_History_of_the_Modern_Middle_East_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_the_Modern_Middle_East-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-People_of_India_by_Herbert_Risely_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People_of_India_by_Herbert_Risely-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_title">Origin of the title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin of the title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The foundation of the title Sayyid is unclear. In fact the title Sayyid as a unified reference for descendants of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> did not exist, according to Morimoto Kazuo, until the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Mongol conquests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be substantiated by historic records about <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Bahauddin Naqshband</a>, who did not refer to themselves with any title, despite their lineages to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. Sometimes the ruling community of a nation, took this title to portray themselves as respected and honored, though they are not actually the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. This gives reasons to think that this title is founded later on. Morimoto refers to Mominov, who describes that the emergence of a community leader during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol era</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>) gave rise to the prominence of the title Sayyid.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This leader is most probably the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafiite</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Mir_Sayyid_Ali_Hamadani" title="Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani">Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani</a>, who lived in this time, being known as a saint credited with the honorific titles "Amir-e-Kabir"(<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: <i>Grand Prince</i>) and "Ali-e-Saani" (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: <i>Second <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mir_Sayyid_Ali_Hamadani" title="Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani">Hamadani's</a> religious legacy in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> as well as his headquarter (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <i>Khanqah</i>) the <a href="/wiki/Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab" title="Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab"><i>Khanqa-e-Mola</i></a> became under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Mir_(title)" title="Mir (title)">Grand Sayyid</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan's</a> descendants are buried in Hamadani's headquarter, on which occasion it is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab" title="Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab">Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab</a></i> today.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> as practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, a person descending from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (either maternally or paternally) can only claim the title of <i>Sayyid</i> <a href="/wiki/Meritocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Meritocratic">meritocratically</a> by passing <a href="#Eligibility">audits</a>, whereupon exclusive rights, like paying lesser taxes, will be granted. These are mostly based on the claimant's demonstrated knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and piousness (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></i>) under the assessment of a <a href="/wiki/Naqib_al-ashraf" title="Naqib al-ashraf">Naqib al-Ashraf</a>, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Mir_(title)" title="Mir (title)">Mir</a> in Persian-speaking countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable examples of such a Naqib (plural: "Nuqaba") or Mirs (plural: "Miran"), were <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> and his descendant <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Royal Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavids</a> a male person with a non-Sayyid father and a Sayyida mother claims the title of <a href="/wiki/Mirza_(noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza (noble)">Mirza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although reliable statistics are unavailable, conservative estimates put the number of Sayyids in the tens of millions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> has had a rich history of the veneration of <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a>, especially of those attributed to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most genuine prophetic relics are believed to be those housed in the <i>Hirkai Serif Odasi</i> (Chamber of the Holy Mantle) in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapı Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_indication_of_descent">Other indication of descent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other indication of descent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the sayyid title, descendants of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> through <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">the Twelve Imams</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> may obtain the following <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Khanam_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khanam-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ancestor</th> <th>Arabic style</th> <th>Arabic last name</th> <th>Persian last name</th> <th>Urdu last name </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></td> <td>al-Alawi العلوی او الهاشمی</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alawids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawids">al-Alawi</a> العلوی <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Hashimi_(surname)" title="Al-Hashimi (surname)">al-Hashimi</a> الهاشمي </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alawi_(name)" title="Alawi (name)">Alavii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali (surname)">Alavi</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Alawi_(name)" title="Alawi (name)">Alawi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvi" title="Alvi">Alvi</a> or Hashimi <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"></span> or <a href="/wiki/Awan_(surname)" title="Awan (surname)">Awan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alavi_(surname)" title="Alavi (surname)">Hashemi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a></td> <td>al-Hasani الحسني او الهاشمي</td> <td>al-Hasani الحسني <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">al-Bolkiah البلقية</a> <a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">al-Alawi العلوی</a> <p>al-Hashimi الهاشمي </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashmi">Hashemi</a> هاشمی <p><a href="/wiki/Hassan_(surname)" title="Hassan (surname)">Hassani</a> حسنى </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashmi">Hashmi</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ہاشمی</span> or <p><a href="/wiki/Hassan_(surname)" title="Hassan (surname)">Hassani</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">حسنی</span> </p><p>Noshahi نوشاہی </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></td> <td>al-Hussaini<sup>1</sup> الحُسيني</td> <td>al-Hussaini الحسيني <p><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Ba 'Alawi ال باعلوي</a> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussaini" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussaini">Hussaini</a> حسيني</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussaini" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussaini">Hussaini</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">حسيني</span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Hashimi_(surname)" title="Al-Hashimi (surname)">Hashemi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin</a></td> <td>al-Abidi العابدي</td> <td>al-Abidi العابدي</td> <td>Abedi عابدى</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abidi" title="Abidi">Abidi</a> or Abdi <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عابدی</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></td> <td>al-Baqiri الباقري</td> <td>al-Baqiri الباقري</td> <td>Baqiri باقری</td> <td>Baqri <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">باقری</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'far">Ja'far</a></td> <td>al-Ja'fari الجعفري</td> <td>al-Ja'fari الصدق او الجعفري</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jafri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafri">Jafari</a> جعفرى or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibaji/Dibaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibaji/Dibaj (page does not exist)">Dibaji/Dibaj</a> دیباج/دیباجی</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jafri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafri">Jafri</a> or Jafry <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جعفری</span> or Jaffery shamsi <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جعفری‌شمسی</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a></td> <td>az-Zaidi الزيدي</td> <td>al-Zaydi الزيدي </td> <td>Zaydi زیدی</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaidi_(surname)" title="Zaidi (surname)">Zaidi</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">زیدی</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kadhim" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa al-Kadhim">Musa al-Kadhim</a></td> <td>al-Moussawi الموسوي او الكاظمي</td> <td>al-Moussawi or al-Kadhimi الموسوي او الكاظمي</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Mosawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mosawi">Moosavi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kazmi" title="Kazmi">Kazemi</a> موسوى / کاظمى</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazmi" title="Kazmi">Kazmi</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">کاظمی</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Ridha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Ridha">Ali al-Ridha</a></td> <td>ar-Radawi الرضوي</td> <td>al-Ridawi or al-Radawi الرضوي</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rizvi" title="Rizvi">Rizvi</a> or Rezavi رضوى</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rizvi" title="Rizvi">Rizvi</a> or Rizavi <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">رضوی</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">Muhammad at-Taqi</a></td> <td>at-Taqawi التقوي</td> <td>al-Taqawi التقوي</td> <td>Taqavi تقوى</td> <td>Taqvi <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">تقوی</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a></td> <td>an-Naqawi النقوي</td> <td>al-Naqawi النقوي or al-Bukhari البخاري or <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">al-Qasimi</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">القاسمی</span></td> <td>Naghavi نقوى</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqvis">Naqvi</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نقوی</span> or <a href="/wiki/Bukhari_(surname)" title="Bukhari (surname)">Bhaakri/Bukhari</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بھاکری/بخاری</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shajara.org_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shajara.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>al-Askari العسکري</td> <td>al-Askari العسکري</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha#Private_life_and_legacy" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Sadat</a> سادات <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha#Dakik_Family" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Dakik</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دقيق</span> or <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">حضرت ایشان</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha#Dakik_Family" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Dakik</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دقيق</span> or <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">حضرت ایشان</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><small><b>Note</b>: (For non-Arabic speakers) When transliterating Arabic words into English there are two approaches.</small> <ul><li><small>1. The user may transliterate the word letter for letter (e.g., "الزيدي" becomes "a-l-z-ai-d-i").</small></li> <li><small>2. The user may transcribe the pronunciation of the word (e.g., "الزيدي" becomes "a-zz-ai-d-i"); in Arabic grammar, some consonants (<i>n, r, s, sh, t</i> and <i>z</i>) cancel the <i>l</i> (ل) from the word "the" <i>al</i> (ال) (see <a href="/wiki/Sun_and_moon_letters" title="Sun and moon letters">sun and moon letters</a>). When the user sees the prefixes <i>an</i>, <i>ar</i>, <i>as</i>, <i>ash</i>, <i>at</i>, <i>az</i>, etc... this means the word is the transcription of the pronunciation.</small></li> <li><small>An <i>i</i>, <i>wi</i> (Arabic), or <i>i</i>, <i>vi</i> (Persian) ending could perhaps be translated by the English suffixes <i>-ite</i> or <i>-ian</i>. The suffix transforms a personal name or place name into the name of a group of people connected by lineage or place of birth. Hence <i>Ahmad al-Hassani</i> could be translated as <i>Ahmad, the descendant of Hassan</i>, and <i>Ahmad al-Manami</i> as <i>Ahmad from the city of <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></i>. For further explanation, see <a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic names</a>.</small></li></ul> <p><small><sup>1</sup>Also, El-Husseini, Al-Husseini, Husseini, and Hussaini.</small> </p><p><small><sup>2</sup>Those who use the term <i>Sayyid</i> for all descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib regard <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Allawis</a> or Alavis as Sayyids. However, Allawis are not descendants of Muhammad, as they are descended from the children of Ali and the women he married after the death of Fatima, such as <a href="/wiki/Umm_ul-Banin" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm ul-Banin">Umm ul-Banin</a> (Fatima bint Hizam). Those who limit the term <i>Sayyid</i> to descendants of Muhammad through Fatima, <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a> are the same how <i>Sayyids</i>.</small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Some Sayyids are <i>Najeeb Al Tarfayn</i>, meaning "Noble on both sides", which indicates that both of their parents are Sayyid. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Existence_of_descendants_of_Hasan_al-Askari">Existence of descendants of Hasan al-Askari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Existence of descendants of Hasan al-Askari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg/289px-Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="289" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg/434px-Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg/578px-Al-Askari_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Askari Mosque">Al-Askari shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, before the <a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_Mosque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 al-Askari Mosque bombing">2006 bombing</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The existence of any descendant of <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al_Askari" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan al Askari">Hasan al Askari</a> is disputed by many people. Some genealogies of Middle Eastern and Central Asian families (mostly from Persia), East Africa (mostly in Somaliland and Ethiopia), Khorasan, Samarqand, and Bukhara show that Hasan al-Askari had a second son called <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ali_Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Ali Akbar">Sayyid Ali Akbar</a>, which indicates that al-Askari had children and substantiates the existence of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al_Mahdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al Mahdi">Muhammad al Mahdi</a>. Whether in fact al-Askari did have children is still disputed, perhaps because of the political conflicts between the followers of the <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">Imamah</a> and the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasids">Abbasids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghulat" title="Ghulat">Ghulat</a> Shiites who do not believe in Hasan al-Askari's <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia doctrine)">Imamah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another group of historians studying the pedigrees of some Central Asian saints' <i>shejere</i> (genealogy trees) believe that the Twelfth Imam was not the only son of Hasan al-Askari, and that the Eleventh Imam had two sons: Sayyid Muhammad (i.e., the Shia Mahdi) and Sayyid Ali Akbar.<sup id="cite_ref-shajara.org_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shajara.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the earliest reports as from official family tree documents and records , Imam Hasan al-Askari fathered seven children and was survived by six. The names of his biological children were: Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, Musa, Ja’far, Ibrahim, Fatima, Ayesha, and <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ali_Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Ali Akbar">‘Ali</a>, sometimes referred to as Akbar, Asghar or Abdullah.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG/220px-Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG/330px-Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG/440px-Sultan_Saodat_Komplex_Seit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Saodat" title="Sultan Saodat">Sultan Saodat Complex</a>. Mausoleum of the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al Askari</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ali_Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Ali Akbar">Sayyid ‘Ali Akbar bin Imam Hasan al-Askari</a> is Sultan Saadat (Sodot) who died in <a href="/wiki/Termiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Termiz">Termez</a>. His burial place is located in the main mausoleum <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Saodat" title="Sultan Saodat">Sultan Saodat</a> memorial complex in Termez.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to other old genealogical sources <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ali_Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Ali Akbar">Sayyid Ali</a> was the second son of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi">Sayyid Imam Muhammad al Askari</a> who is considered the elder brother of imam <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sheikh_Qumi_1379_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheikh_Qumi_1379-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These Central Asian notable <i>sayyid</i> families have historical genealogical manuscripts that are confirmed with seals by many Naqibs, Muftis, Imams, Kadi Kuzzats, A’lams, Khans, and Emirs of those times. One descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar was Saint Ishan (Eshon) Imlo of Bukhara. <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Ишан Имло">Ishan Imlo</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is called "saint of the last time" in Bukhara,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it is believed that after him there were no more saints – Asian Muslims generally revere him as the last of the saints. According to the source, Ishan Imlo died in 1162<span class="nowrap"> </span>AH (1748–1749); his mausoleum (mazar) is in a cemetery in Bukhara.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar are Sufi saints like <a href="/wiki/Bahauddin_Naqshband" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahauddin Naqshband">Bahauddin Naqshband</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> descendant after eleven generations;<sup id="cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Khwaja Khawand Mahmud</a> known as Hazrat Ishaan, descendant after eighteen generations; the two brothers <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Jan" title="Sayyid Mir Jan">Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mahmud_Agha" title="Sayyid Mahmud Agha">Sayyid ul Sadaat Mir Sayyid Mahmud Agha</a>, maternal descendants of Hasan al Askari;<sup id="cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">qadi</a></i> <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Кози Саййид Баходирхон ибн Саййид Иброхимхужа">Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sufi saints <a href="/wiki/Tajuddin_Muhammad_Badruddin" title="Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin">Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pir_Baba" title="Pir Baba">Pir Baba</a>. </p><p>In her book <i>Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India</i>, <a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Dr. Annemarie Schimmel</a> writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Mir_Dard" title="Khwaja Mir Dard">Khwaja Mir Dard</a>'s family, like many nobles, from Bukhara; led their pedigree back to Baha'uddin Naqshband, after whom the Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendant, in the 11th generation of the 11th Shia imam al-Hasan al-Askari.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Although Shiite historians generally reject the claim that Hasan al-Askari fathered children other than Muhammad al-Mahdi, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ya%27qub_al-Kulayni" title="Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni">Bab Mawlid Abi Muhammad al-Hasan</a> writes, in the Shiite hadith book <i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafi" title="Kitab al-Kafi">Usul al-Kafi</a></i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When the caliph got news of Hasan 'Askari's illness, he instructed his agents to keep a constant watch over the house of the Imam...he sent some of these midwives to examine the slave girls of the Imam to determine if they were pregnant. If a woman was found pregnant she was detained and imprisoned....<sup id="cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Men belonging to the <i>Sayyid</i> families or tribes in the Arab world used to wear white or ivory coloured daggers like <a href="/wiki/Jambiya" title="Jambiya">jambiyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanjar" title="Khanjar">khanjars</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shibriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shibriya (page does not exist)">shibriyas</a> to demarcate their nobility amongst other Arab men, although this custom has been restricted due to the local laws of the variously divided Arab countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a>, the <i>Sayyid</i> have been recognized as an ethnic group. On March 15, 2019, President Ashraf Ghani decreed the inclusion of the "Sadat tribe" in the electronically registered national identity documents (Tazkira).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Sayyids live in <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a> in the north, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nangarhar">Nangarhar</a> in the east. They are predominantly Sunni Muslims<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</sup>, although there are some, including in Bamiyan Province, who belong to Shia Islam. These individuals are often referred to as <i>Sadat</i> (from [سادات] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |trans= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>, the plural of <i>Sayyid</i>), a term traditionally used to denote the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Hussein</a>, the first Shia martyrs and sons of Ali, who are grandsons of Muhammad, particularly in the northern <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> region and British India.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani,_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a>, regarded as the highest Sayyid with the title <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Ghause Azam</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_(CBL_T_474,_f.276a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_%28CBL_T_474%2C_f.276a%29.jpg/220px-The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_%28CBL_T_474%2C_f.276a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_%28CBL_T_474%2C_f.276a%29.jpg/330px-The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_%28CBL_T_474%2C_f.276a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_%28CBL_T_474%2C_f.276a%29.jpg/440px-The_Vision_of_Muhyi_al-Din_Ibn_al-Jilani_%28CBL_T_474%2C_f.276a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4261" data-file-height="6775" /></a><figcaption>Miniatur on the story of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Sayyid</i> families in Iraq are so numerous that there are books written especially to list the families and connect their trees. Some of these families are: the Alyassiri, Al Aqeeqi, Al-Nasrullah, Al-Wahab, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hashimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hashimi">Al-Hashimi</a>, Al-Barznji, Al-<a href="/wiki/Quraishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraishi">Quraishi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Marashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Marashi (page does not exist)">Al-Marashi</a>, Al-Witry, <a href="/wiki/Al-Obaidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Obaidi">Al-Obaidi</a>, Al-Samarai, <a href="/wiki/Zaidi_(surname)" title="Zaidi (surname)">Al-Zaidi</a>, Al-A'araji, Al-Baka, Al-<a href="/wiki/Hassan_(surname)" title="Hassan (surname)">Hasani</a>, Al-<a href="/wiki/Husseini" title="Husseini">Hussaini</a>, Al-<a href="/wiki/Shahristani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahristani">Shahristani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qazwini_(family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qazwini (family)">Al-Qazwini</a> Al-<a href="/wiki/Qadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadri">Qadri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabatabaei" title="Tabatabaei">Tabatabaei</a>, Al- Alawi, Al-Ghawalib (Al-Ghalibi), <a href="/wiki/Mousavi_(surname)" title="Mousavi (surname)">Al-Musawi</a>, Al-Awadi (not to be confused with the Al-Awadhi <a href="/wiki/Hola_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hola (ethnic group)">Huwala</a> family), Al-Gharawi, Al-Sabzewari, Al-Shubber, Al-Hayali, Al-Kamaludeen, Al-Asadi and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg/220px-Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg/330px-Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg/440px-Qadr_night_in_Imam_Reza_Shrine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Imam Reza</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg/220px-Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg/330px-Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg/440px-Mollah_imamzadeh_tabriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="3038" /></a><figcaption>Mausoleum of Imamzadeh Sayyid Hamza bin Musa al Kazim</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Sayyids</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سید</span> <i>Seyyed</i>) are found in vast numbers in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. The Chief of "National Organization for Civil Registration" of Iran declared that more than 6 millions of Iranians are <i>Sayyid</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of <i>Sayyids</i> migrated to Iran from Arab lands predominantly in the 15th to 17th centuries during the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid</a> era. The Safavids transformed the religious landscape of Iran by imposing <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiism</a> on the populace. Since most of the population embraced Sunni Islam, and an educated version of Shiism was scarce in Iran at the time, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_I" title="Ismail I">Ismail</a> imported a new group of Shia <i><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></i> who predominantly were Sayyids from traditional Shiite centers of the Arabic-speaking lands, such as <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Amel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Amel">Jabal Amel</a> (of southern Lebanon), <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Iraq (page does not exist)">southern Iraq</a> in order to create a state clergy. The Safavids offered them land and money in return for loyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Islam_pg.170_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam_pg.170-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Robinson_pg.72_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Robinson_pg.72-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These scholars taught Twelver Shiism, made it accessible to the population, and energetically encouraged conversion to Shiism.<sup id="cite_ref-Islam_pg.170_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam_pg.170-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Robinson_pg.72_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Robinson_pg.72-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Shah Abbas the Great</a>, the Safavids also imported to Iran more Arab Shias, predominantly <i>Sayyids</i>, built religious institutions for them, including many <i><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></i> (religious schools), and successfully persuaded them to participate in the government, which they had shunned in the past (following the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Hidden imam</a> doctrine).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Common <i>Sayyid</i> family surnames in Iran are <a href="/wiki/Husseini" title="Husseini">Husseini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Mosawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mosawi">Mousavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazmi" title="Kazmi">Kazemi</a>, Razavi, Eshtehardian, <a href="/wiki/Tabatabaei" title="Tabatabaei">Tabatabaei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hashmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashmi">Hashemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hassani_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Hassani (disambiguation)">Hassani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ja%27fari" title="Al-Ja'fari">Jafari</a>, Emami, Ahmadi, <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zaidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a>, Sherazi, Kermani (kirmani), <a href="/wiki/Shahidi" title="Shahidi">Shahidi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mahdavi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mahdavi (disambiguation)">Mahdavi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahrain">Bahrain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bahrain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <i>Sayyids</i> are used to refer to great-grandchildren of Muhammed. <i>Sayyids</i> are found every where and in vast populations although number contradict. <i>Sayyids</i> started living in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> since the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Bahrainis</a> supported, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali">Imam Ali</a> in his wars in the <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Siffin">Siffin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nahrawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahrawan">Nahrawan</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Bahraini</a> men emerged from the leaders of the Commander of the Faithful including the companion <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Suhan" title="Zayd ibn Suhan">Zayd ibn Suhan</a> al-Abdi who was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel" title="Battle of the Camel">Battle of the Camel</a> when he was fighting alongside the Commander of <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali">Imam Ali</a>. And the companion <a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27a_bin_Sohan" title="Sa'sa'a bin Sohan">Sa'sa'a bin Sohan</a> Al Abdi who was the ambassador of the Commander of the Faithful to <a href="/wiki/Mu%60awiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu`awiyah">Mu`awiyah</a>, and he and <a href="/wiki/Mu%60awiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu`awiyah">Mu`awiyah</a> have many stories that historians have transmitted to us. Historians have called them this title because they agreed on a Thursday that they would die for the sake of the Commander of the Faithful. The tomb of <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Suhan" title="Zayd ibn Suhan">Zayd ibn Suhan</a> is still visited in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> and is called by <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Bahrainis</a> as Prince Zaid, as well as the tomb of the great companion <a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27a_bin_Sohan" title="Sa'sa'a bin Sohan">Sa'sa'a bin Sohan</a> Al Abdi who is buried in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oman">Oman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Oman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Omani title, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid_(Oman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayyid (Oman) (page does not exist)">Sayyid (Oman)</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, Sayyid is used solely as a royal title and not as a means of indicating descent from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. It is used by members of the ruling <a href="/wiki/House_of_Busaid" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Busaid">Al Said</a> family who are not descended from Muhammad but instead from the <a href="/wiki/Azd" title="Azd">Azd</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Qahtanite" title="Qahtanite">Qahtanite</a> tribe. All <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">male line</a> descendants of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Said_al-Busaidi" title="Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi">Sultan Ahmad bin Said</a>, the first ruler of Oman from the Al Said dynasty, are able to use the title of Sayyid or Sayyida.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male line descendants of <a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Said" title="Turki bin Said">Sultan Turki bin Said</a> are also able to use the style of <a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">His/Her Highness</a>. The Sayyid title in Oman is some times translated as <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Yemen the <i>Sayyids</i> are more generally known as <i>sadah</i>; they are also referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Hashemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite">Hashemites</a></i>. In terms of religious practice they are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a>. <i>Sayyid</i> families in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Rassids" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Rassids</a>, the Qasimids, the Mutawakkilites, the Hamideddins, some Al-Zaidi of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a>, Sana'a, and <a href="/wiki/Sa%27dah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'dah">Sa'dah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Ba 'Alawi sadah</a> families in <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, Mufadhal of <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a>, Al-Shammam of Sa'dah, the Sufyan of Juban, and the Al-Jaylani of Juban.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Six_Sufi_masters_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Six_Sufi_masters_%28retouched%29.jpg/220px-Six_Sufi_masters_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Six_Sufi_masters_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-Six_Sufi_masters_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Six_Sufi_masters_%28retouched%29.jpg/440px-Six_Sufi_masters_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of leading Sayyids who promoted <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">The Indian subcontinent</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Medieval_image_of_Muinuddin_Chishti.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1930" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of the Initiator of Islam in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Sayyid Moinuddin Chishti</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In South Asia, Sayyids are mostly credited for preaching and consolidating the religion of Islam. They are predominantly descendants of leading saints of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni faith</a> that migrated from <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Persia</a> to preach <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> of which the Persian <a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Sayyid Moinuddin Chishti</a> has set the cornerstone. Thus <a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Moinuddin Chishti</a> is regarded as <i>Sultan-i-Hindustan</i> in <a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Islamic Theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following saints and their descendants are most well known: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulleh_Shah" title="Bulleh Shah">Bulleh Shah</a></li> <li>Sayyid Haji Muhammad Noshah Ganj Baksh Qadiri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bari_Imam" title="Bari Imam">Sayyid Abdul Latif Shah, known as Bari Imam Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Sayyid_Ali_Hamadani" title="Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani">Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Surkh-Posh_Bukhari" title="Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari">Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh Posh Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Shah" title="Qutb Shah">Sayyid Awn Qutb Shah Wali</a></li> <li>Sayyid Abdul Wahab Gilani, son of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Musa_Pak" title="Syed Musa Pak">Sayyid Musa Pak Shaheed</a> (ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Raza_Gilani" title="Yusuf Raza Gilani">Yusuf Raza Gillani</a>) and Sayyid Habeeb Shah Gilani (Teacher of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Bahu" title="Sultan Bahu">Sultan Bahoo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Sayyid Moinuddin Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_Shah_(sufi_saint)" title="Imam Ali Shah (sufi saint)">Sayyid Imam Ali Shah Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Shahbaz_Qalandar" title="Lal Shahbaz Qalandar">Lal Shahbaz Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badi%27_al-Din" title="Badi' al-Din">Sayyid Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahauddin_Naqshband" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahauddin Naqshband">Bahauddin Naqshband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moinuddin_Hadi_Naqshband" title="Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband">Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Jan" title="Sayyid Mir Jan">Sayyid Mir Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mahmud_Agha" title="Sayyid Mahmud Agha">Sayyid Mahmud Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajuddin_Muhammad_Badruddin" title="Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin">Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Baba" title="Pir Baba">Pir Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaal_Pir_Baba" title="Shaal Pir Baba">Shaal Pir Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudood_Chishti" title="Maudood Chishti">Maudood Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Kirani" title="Wali Kirani">Wali Kirani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Abdullah_Chishti" title="Khwaja Abdullah Chishti">Khwaja Abdullah Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Yukpasi" title="Ibrahim Yukpasi">Ibrahim Yukpasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nasiruddin" title="Syed Nasiruddin">Shah Sayyid Nasruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Biradari" title="Iraqi Biradari">Sayyid Masud Al-Hussaini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laki_Shah_Sadar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laki Shah Sadar (page does not exist)">Laki Shah Sadar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_India">North India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: North India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest migration of <i>Sayyids</i> from Afghanistan to <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> took place in 1032 when <a href="/wiki/Gazi_Saiyyed_Salar_Sahu" title="Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu">Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu</a> (general and brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a>) and his son <a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Saiyyad_Salar_Masud" title="Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud">Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud</a> established their military headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Satrikh" title="Satrikh">Satrikh</a> (16 km (9.9 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Zaidpur" title="Zaidpur">Zaidpur</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Barabanki_district" title="Barabanki district">Barabanki district</a> of Uttar Pradesh. They are considered to be the first Muslim settlers in North India. In 1033 Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud was killed at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Bahraich" title="Bahraich">Bahraich</a>, the location of his <i><a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">mazar</a></i>. Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud had no children. His parental uncle Syed Maroofuddin Ghazi and his family lived in <a href="/wiki/Tijara" title="Tijara">Tijara</a> until 1857 before they migrated to Bhopal. <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmed_Rizvi_Kashmiri" title="Syed Ahmed Rizvi Kashmiri">Syed Ahmed Rizvi Kashmiri</a> and Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain were both <a href="/wiki/Rizvi" title="Rizvi">Rizvi</a> <i>Sayyids</i> through Aaqa Meer Sayyid Hussain Qomi Rizvi, whose sacred shrine is in the Zainageer Village of Sopore, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>. Iraqi <i>Sayyids</i> or <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_biradri" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi biradri">Iraqi biradri</a> in Eastern Uttar Pradesh are descendants of <i>Sayyid</i> Masud Al Hussaini who was the direct descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hussain ibn Ali and came to India from Iraq during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1330 A.D. He settled with his seven sons and forty champions in Ghazipur (U.P.) as some of them (i.e., Syed Abu Bakr in Nonahra, Ghazipur) converted to Sunni Islam in the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi around 1517. His Shia descendants are now known as <i>Sayyids</i> of Ghazipur.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Sayyids</i> of Syed nagli, or Said Nagli, or the Baquari Syeds had migrated from <a href="/wiki/Termez" title="Termez">Termez</a> (Present day Uzbekistan)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the Sultanate era. <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Lodi">Sikandar Lodi</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the ruler of Delhi when Mir Syed Mohammad al Hussain al Hussaini al Termezi Haji al Haramain came to India and settled at <a href="/wiki/Syed_Nagli" title="Syed Nagli">Syed Nagli</a>. He was a Baquari Syed who drew his lineage from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al_Baqir" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al Baqir">Muhammad al Baqir</a>. </p><p>Perhaps the most important figure in the history of the Sayyid in Uttar Pradesh was Sayyid Basrullah Shustari, who moved from <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> in 1549 and joined the court of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>. Akbar appointed Shustari as his chief justice, who used his position to strengthen the status of the various <i>Sayyid</i> families. They were preferred in administrative posts and formed a privileged elite. When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, the <i>Sayyid</i> played an important role in the turbulent politics of the time. The new British colonial authorities that replaced the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a> made a pragmatic decision to work with the various <i>Sayyid</i> <a href="/wiki/Jagirdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagirdar">jagirdars</a>. Several <i>Sayyid</i> <a href="/wiki/Taluqdar" title="Taluqdar">taluqdars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> were substantial landowners under the British colonial regime, and many other <i>Sayyid</i> contributed to state administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">zamindari</a> system, many <i>Sayyid</i> zamindars (e.g. that of <a href="/wiki/Ghazipur" title="Ghazipur">Ghazipur</a>) had to leave their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uttar_Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Uttar Pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancestor of the Bārha <i>Sayyids</i>, Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, left his original home in <a href="/wiki/Wasit,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasit, Iraq">Wasit</a>, Iraq, with his twelve sons at the end of the 13th century and migrated to India, where he obtained four villages in <a href="/wiki/Sirhind-Fategarh" title="Sirhind-Fategarh">Sirhind-Fategarh</a>. By the 16th century Abu'l Farah's descendants had taken over Bārha villages in <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar_district" title="Muzaffarnagar district">Muzaffarnagar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sayyeds of <a href="/wiki/Abdullapur_Meerut" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullapur Meerut">Abdullapur Meerut</a> are descendants of great saint <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Surkh-Posh_Bukhari" title="Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari">Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari</a>. They had a large Jagirdara consisting of 52 villages.Abdullapur named after Syed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari, he built Kot Fort of this place in the 16th century, it was his main residence.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bukhari of Abdullapur are fractionate into Kannauji Bukhari and Jalal Bukhari. Kannauji's are descendants of Jalaludin Haider through Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna or <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jewna" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Jewna">Shah Jewna</a> son of warrior and chief advisor of <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Lodi">Sikandar Lodi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thenews.com.pk_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenews.com.pk-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-i-Pakistan_Trust_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-i-Pakistan_Trust-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glories_of_Hazrat_Pir_shah_Jewana_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glories_of_Hazrat_Pir_shah_Jewana-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famous writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari was born here later migrated to Pakistan after partition, his famous books are Ghalib kaun hai, Asaas-i-Urdu, Ghalib-i-sad rang, Seerat-un-Nabi, Hindi-Urdu lughat, Mutal'a-i-Abdul Haq, Lisani maqalaat.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Sayyids</i> of Bilgram are Hussaini Sayyids, who first migrated from Wasit, Iraq, in the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ancestor, Syed Mohammad Sughra, a Zaidi <i>Sayyid</i> of Iraq, arrived in India during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a>. In 1217–18 the family conquered and settled in Bilgram.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A notable Sufi that belonged to a <i>Sayyid</i> family was Syed Salar Masud, from whom many of the Sayyid families of <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> claim their lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Sayyids</i> of <a href="/wiki/Salon,_India" title="Salon, India">Salon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Raebareli" title="Raebareli">Raebareli</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jarwal" title="Jarwal">Jarwal</a> (Bahraich), <a href="/wiki/Kintoor" title="Kintoor">Kintoor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barabanki_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Barabanki city">Barabanki</a>), and Zaidpur (Barabanki) were well-known <i>Taluqadars</i> (feudal lords) of Awadh province. </p><p>Sadaat also found in <a href="/wiki/Kannauj" title="Kannauj">Kannauj</a> trace their lineage from Husayn through <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a>, a branch of Naqvi Bukhari. Famous Pir Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jewna" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Jewna">Shah Jewna</a> son of great warrior Syed Sadaruddin Shah Kabeer Naqvi (saint and also chief advisor) of <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Lodi">Sikandar Lodi</a> was also born in Kannauj and spent 66yrs of his life in kannauj later moved to <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jeewna" title="Shah Jeewna">Shah Jeewna</a>. Makhdoom Jahaniya Mosque is still present in Shikana, Kannauj.<sup id="cite_ref-thenews.com.pk_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenews.com.pk-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glories_of_Hazrat_Pir_shah_Jewana_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glories_of_Hazrat_Pir_shah_Jewana-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nazaria-i-Pakistan_Trust_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nazaria-i-Pakistan_Trust-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nawab <a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a> was also from Kannauj, he is a Bukhari Naqvi Sayyed converted from Shi'a Islam to Sunni Islam in the early 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bihar">Bihar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bihar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different families of syeds in Bihar who belong to direct descendants of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain. Mostly there are Hussaini (Rizvi, Zaidi, Baqri) along with Hasani (Malik, Quadri or Geelani). Sadaat are settle in different part of bihar including shia and sunni sects. They are mostly migrated to bihar from Iraq and Iran. </p><p>Syed Yaqub Halabi also known as Syed Yaqub Baghdadi, a Hanafi Qazi from Madrassa<a href="/wiki/Al-Nizamiyya_of_Baghdad" title="Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad">Al Nizamiyya</a>, originally from Halab (Aleppo) who travelled to India with <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad of Ghor</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tarain" title="Second Battle of Tarain">Second Battle of Tarain</a>. He was an eleventh generational descendant of <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin</a> through his son <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Abdullah_ibn_Ali_Zayn_al-Abidin" title="Mausoleum of Abdullah ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin">Abd Allah Al Bahr Al Ilm</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sharafuddin_Maneri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharafuddin Maneri">Sharafuddin Maneri</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> belongs to Banu Hashim family of Imam Taj Faqih. In Bihar, Sayyids were landlords, judges, barristers, intellectuals, civil servant, clerics, teachers, businessmen and farmers. Sufi Saint and a warrior <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ibrahim_Bayu" title="Malik Ibrahim Bayu">Malik Ibrahim Bayu</a> who conquered Bihar during the time of tughlaq is one the most famous personality in bihar. Bihar's first prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yunus_(politician)" title="Mohammad Yunus (politician)">Mohammad Yunus</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel prize nominee and Padma shri winner <a href="/wiki/Syed_Hassan_(educationist)" title="Syed Hassan (educationist)">Syed Hassan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political Scientist <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ahmad_Haleem" title="Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem">Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the Pro-Vice Chancellor of Aligarh University and Karachi University, The great <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Bari_(professor)" title="Abdul Bari (professor)">Abdul Bari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zaid_Hamid" title="Zaid Hamid">Zaid Hamid</a> Syed Zaid Zaman Hamid is a Pakistani far-right, Islamist political commentator and was included in 500 most influential Muslims in world and Brigadier Malik Mokhtar Karim<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are few names from Malik Sadaat of Bihar. </p><p>Zaidi Sadaat of Bihar are the descendants of Sufi saint Syed Ahmad Jajneri and Syed Mohammed Jajneri. Syed Ahmad Jajneri migrated to India from Baghdad during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad of Ghor</a> and later migrated to <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>. He was the direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> who was the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a> and therefore his descendants are called <a href="/wiki/Husseini" title="Husseini">Husseini</a>(<a href="/wiki/Zaidi_Syed" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaidi Syed">Zaidi</a>)Sadaat. His descendants are mostly settled in <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Sharif" title="Bihar Sharif">Bihar Sharif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munger" title="Munger">Munger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhpura" title="Sheikhpura">Sheikhpura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamui" title="Jamui">Jamui</a> region of Bihar. </p><p>Most prominent personalities of Sadaat of Bihar were from <a href="/wiki/Desna,_Bihar" title="Desna, Bihar">Desna, Bihar</a>. For Example Syed Mohammed Saeed Raza, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qavi_Desnavi" title="Abdul Qavi Desnavi">Abdul Qavi Desnavi</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Nadvi" title="Sulaiman Nadvi">Sulaiman Nadvi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n18_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n18-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desna's library, established in 1892, had thousands of old <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> manuscripts. After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, during uncertain times of mass emigration to Pakistan, the books were donated to <a href="/wiki/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Library" title="Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library">Khuda Bakhsh Khan Library in Patna</a>, where a Desna section was established to house these treasures.<sup id="cite_ref-n18_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n18-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other famous personalities of Bihari Syed were <a href="/wiki/Syed_Sultan_Ahmed" title="Syed Sultan Ahmed">Syed Sultan Ahmed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syed_Hasan_Imam" title="Syed Hasan Imam">Syed Hasan Imam</a> and Sir Ali Imam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kerala">Kerala</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Kerala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Kerala, a number of Sayyid families (Qabila) are found. Most of them migrated from Arabian peninsula (Yemen's <a href="/wiki/Hadramout_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadramout Region">Hadharamout</a>) and Central Asian region in the Middle Ages and settled under the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorins</a>. Famous among are Jifris, Bukharis and Ba-Alawis.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sayyids occupy various positions as jurists (qazi), scholars (ulama') and leaders (umara'). The state leaders of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Union_Muslim_League" title="Indian Union Muslim League">Indian Union Muslim League</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samastha_Kerala_Jem-iyyathul_Ulama_(1926%E2%80%931989)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926–1989) (page does not exist)">Samastha</a> are mostly chosen from <a href="/wiki/Pukkoya_family_of_Panakkad" title="Pukkoya family of Panakkad">Panakkad Thangal Family</a>. A religious educational institute named 'Sadath Academy' was established in Kerala exclusively for Sayyid students.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sayyid_members_in_Kerala">Sayyid members in Kerala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sayyid members in Kerala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sayyid Ali (18th century)</li> <li>Sayyid Hussain ibn Muhlar (1812–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukkoya_Tangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukkoya Tangal">P. M. S. A. Pukkoya Thangal</a> (died 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammedali_Shihab_Thangal" title="Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal">Sayyid Muhammedali Shihab Thangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Hyderali_Shihab_Thangal" title="Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal">Sayyid Hyderali Shihab Thangal</a> (1947–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Sadiq_Ali_Shihab_Thangal" title="Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal">Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal</a> (born 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Abbas_Ali_Shihab_Thangal" title="Sayed Abbas Ali Shihab Thangal">Sayed Abbas Ali Shihab Thangal</a> (born 31 May 1971)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_studies_and_controversy_of_self-proclaimed_Indian_Sayyids">Genetic studies and controversy of self-proclaimed Indian Sayyids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Genetic studies and controversy of self-proclaimed Indian Sayyids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Classical_multidimensional_scaling_based_on_RST_genetic_distances_showing_the_genetic_affinities_of_the_Syeds_with_their_non_IHL_neighbours_from_India_and_Pakistan_(both_in_bold_characters)_and_with_various_other_Arab_populations.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Classical_multidimensional_scaling_based_on_RST_genetic_distances_showing_the_genetic_affinities_of_the_Syeds_with_their_non_IHL_neighbours_from_India_and_Pakistan_%28both_in_bold_characters%29_and_with_various_other_Arab_populations.png/300px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Classical_multidimensional_scaling_based_on_RST_genetic_distances_showing_the_genetic_affinities_of_the_Syeds_with_their_non_IHL_neighbours_from_India_and_Pakistan_%28both_in_bold_characters%29_and_with_various_other_Arab_populations.png/450px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Classical_multidimensional_scaling_based_on_RST_genetic_distances_showing_the_genetic_affinities_of_the_Syeds_with_their_non_IHL_neighbours_from_India_and_Pakistan_%28both_in_bold_characters%29_and_with_various_other_Arab_populations.png/600px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Classical multidimensional scaling based on <i>R<sub>ST</sub></i> <a href="/wiki/Genetic_distance" title="Genetic distance">genetic distances</a> showing the genetic affinities of the Syeds with their non-IHL (Islamic honorific lineages) neighbours from India and Pakistan (both in bold characters) and with various other Arab populations</figcaption></figure> <p>The authors of the study, the <a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y chromosomes</a> of self-identified Syeds from the Indian sub-continent are no less diverse than those non-Syeds from the same regions<i>,</i> suggested that Syed status showed evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">Northern India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> 0.2 per cent of the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a> belong to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M267" title="Haplogroup J-M267">haplogroup J1</a>, which, given its absence in Indian non-Muslims is likely of <a href="/wiki/Exogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Exogenous">exogenous</a> Middle Eastern origin. There are 18 per cent belonging mainly to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M172" title="Haplogroup J-M172">haplogroup J2</a> and another 11 per cent belong to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M267" title="Haplogroup J-M267">haplogroup J1</a>, which both represent Middle Eastern lineages, but may not hint exact descent from Muhammad. J1 is exclusively Near Eastern. The results for Sayyids showed minor but still detectable levels of gene flow primarily from Iran, rather than directly from the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The paper, "Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent<i>",</i> by Elise M. S. Belle, Saima Shah, <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Parfitt" title="Tudor Parfitt">Tudor Parfitt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_G._Thomas" title="Mark G. Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</a> showed that "self-identified Syeds had no less genetic diversity than those non-Syeds from the same regions, suggesting that there is no biological basis to the belief that self-identified Syeds in this part of the world share a recent common ancestry. However, self-identified men belonging to the IHL (Syeds, Hashemites, Quraysh and Ansari) show greater genetic affinity to Arab populations—despite the geographic distance, than other Indian populations.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the Alawi <i>Sayyids</i> who moved to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> were descendants of <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin</a>, especially of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Ba 'Alawi sada</a>, many of which were descendants of migrants from Hadhramaut. Even though they are only "alleged" descendants of <a href="/wiki/Husain_ibn_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Husain ibn Ali">Husayn</a>, it is uncommon for the female Sayyids to be called <i>Sayyidah</i>; they are more commonly called <i>Sharifah</i>. Most of them live in <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moro_Province" title="Moro Province">Moro Province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pattani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Province">Pattani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. Many of the royal families of this region such as the previous royal families of the Philippines (Sultanate of Sulu, Sultanate of Maguindanao, Confederation of Sultanates of Ranao), Country of Singapore (Sultanate of Singapore House of Bendahara), Country of Malaysia (<a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultanates of Johor</a> House of Temenggong, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultanates of Pahang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Terengganu" title="Sultan of Terengganu">Sultanates of Terengganu</a> House of Bendahara, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">Kingdom of Perlis</a> House of Jamalullail), Country of Indonesia (Sultanates of Siak, Sultanates of Pontianak, Sultanates of Gowa, some Javanese Sultanates), Country of Brunei (<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Brunei" class="extiw" title="ms:Sultan Brunei">Sultanates of Brunei</a> House of Bolkiah) are also Sayyids, especially of Ba'Alawi.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some common surnames of these <i>Sayyids</i> are Al-Saqqaf (or As-Saqqaf, Assegaf, Assegaff, <a href="/wiki/Alsagoff_family" title="Alsagoff family">Al-Sagoff</a>), Shihab (or Shahab), Al-idaroos (or Al-Aydrus, Al Aidrus, Alaydrus, <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">House of Bendahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temenggong_of_Johor" title="Temenggong of Johor">House of Temenggong</a>), Al-Habsyi (or Al-Habshi), Al-Kaff, Al-Aththos (or Al-Attas, Alattas, Alattos), Al-Haddad Alhaddad), Al-Jufri (or Al-Jifri), Al-Muhdhar, Al-Shaikh Abubakar, Al-Qadri, Al-Munawwar, Al-Akbar Al-Hasani (or <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Al Akbar Al Hasani</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">Al-Bolkiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">House of Bolkiah</a>), Al-Jamalullail (or Al Jamalullail, Djamalullail, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">House of Jamalullail</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tesayyud">Tesayyud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tesayyud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, tax breaks for "the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">People of the House</a>" encouraged many people to buy certificates of descent or forge genealogies; the phenomenon of <i>teseyyüd</i> – falsely claiming noble ancestry – spread across ethnic, class, and religious boundaries. In the 17th century, an Ottoman bureaucrat estimated that there were 300,000 impostors. In 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, nearly all upper-class urban people claimed descent from Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_descendants_of_Muhammad">Royal descendants of Muhammad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Royal descendants of Muhammad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descendants of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> are present in many royal families today and are predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni faith</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghan_royal_family">Afghan royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Afghan royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">the Afghan Royal family</a> Her Royal Highness Princess Sayyida Rahima Dakik (d.2006) daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha#Private_life_and_legacy" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">General Sayyid Mir Muhammad Jan</a> a member of <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Hasan_ibn_Azimullah" title="Sayyid Hasan ibn Azimullah">Sayyid Hasan ibn Azimullah</a>'s powerful Sayyid ul Sadaat Clan that claims <a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya_wa_Naqshbandiyya" title="Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya">hereditary succession to Muhammad</a>, married her father's <a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a> the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">UN ambassador</a> and minister Prince Abdul Khaliq from the <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty#Mohammadzai" title="Barakzai dynasty">Telai cadet branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Muhammadzai dynasty</a>, making both their descendants (<a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha#Private_life_and_legacy" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Mir Muhammad Jan Khel sub-cadet branch</a>, called after Princess Rahima's saintly father) the only multilinieal <a href="/wiki/Cognatic_kinship" title="Cognatic kinship">cognatic</a> Sayyids within the <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Barakzai Dynasty">Afghan royal family</a>. They are known by the surname <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Fazlullah_Agha#Private_life_and_legacy" title="Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha">Dakik</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_royal_family">Iranian royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Iranian royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Qajar">Qajar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Qajar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar Dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari-Ismaili</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imam</a> <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_I" title="Aga Khan I">Agha Khan I</a> married with the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Fath-Ali_Shah_Qajar" title="Fath-Ali Shah Qajar">Fath Ali Shah Qajar</a>, bestowing confirmed royalty upon their descendants. Until today <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Prince Karim Aga Khan</a> and his descendants bear the title <a href="/wiki/Prince#religion" title="Prince">Prince</a>, in virtue of his lineage to <a href="/wiki/Fath-Ali_Shah_Qajar" title="Fath-Ali Shah Qajar">Fath Ali Shah Qajar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However many Sunni Historians deny the descent of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fatimid_caliphs" title="List of Fatimid caliphs">First Fatimid Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah" title="Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah">Ubaidullah al Mahdi-billah</a> to Muhammad. They thus polemically call them Ubaydids instead of Fatimids.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pahlavi">Pahlavi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Pahlavi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farah_Diba_1959_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farah_Diba_1959_Iran.jpg/220px-Farah_Diba_1959_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farah_Diba_1959_Iran.jpg/330px-Farah_Diba_1959_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Farah_Diba_1959_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi" title="Farah Pahlavi">Farah Diba Pahlavi</a>, Empress of <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Pahlavi Iran</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of Iran">Empress of Iran</a> <a href="/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi" title="Farah Pahlavi">Farah Diba Pahlavi</a>, also claims descent from Muhammad through her paternal grandfather Mehdi Diba.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GCC_royal_families">GCC royal families</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: GCC royal families"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg/220px-Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg/330px-Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg/440px-Moe_Al_Thani_at_the_summit_of_Mount_Everest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulla_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulla Al Thani">Moe Al Thani</a> from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">House of Thani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Qasimi</a>. The first descendant of Muhammad to climb up <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mt. Everest</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UAE">UAE</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: UAE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">The Al Qasimi ruling family</a> that rules over <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras al Khaimah</a> trace their lineage back to Muhammad in the line of the <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">10th Imam Ali al Hadi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Qatar">Qatar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Qatar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within <a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">the Qatari ruling Family</a>, descendants of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> are present within the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abdullah_Al_Thani" title="Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani">Sheikh Ali ibn Abdullah al Thani</a> on the occasion of intermarriages with the <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi Dynasty</a>. A UAE Princess from the <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">al Qasimi ruling family</a>, called Sheikha Sheikha bint Muhammad al Qasimi married with Muhammad bin <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abdullah_Al_Thani" title="Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani">Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani</a>. Together they issued a son who is a Qatari-Sharjan Aviation Statesman called Sheikh Abdullah bin Mohamed. His son is the first descendant of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> to climb <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mt. Everest</a>. Another UAE Princess called Sheikha Hind bint Faisal Al Qasimi married Sheikh Abdullah bin Saud al Thani, issuing only one son.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_royal_family">Libyan royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Libyan royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ashraf_tribes_in_Libya" title="List of Ashraf tribes in Libya">List of Ashraf tribes in Libya</a></div> <p>The <i>Sayyids</i> in Libya are Sunni, including the former royal family, which is <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">originally Zaidi-Moroccan</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussi</a> family).<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The El-Barassa Family are <i>Ashraf</i> as claimed by the sons of Abdulsalam ben Meshish, a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sherifs_of_Mecca">Sherifs of Mecca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sherifs of Mecca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jordan">Jordan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Jordan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemite royal family</a> of Jordan also claims descent from Muhammad in the line of the <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharifs of Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> that were set by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a> and recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a>, tracing their lineage back to <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Imam Hasan ibn Ali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hashemite Royal Family under <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Sharif Hussein ibn Ali</a> was crucial in ending <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman rule</a> in the Arabian Peninsula, on the occasion of the spread of <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a> in the Arabian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brunei">Brunei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Brunei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">House of Bolkiah</a> claims descent from <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Imam Hasan ibn Ali</a> through <a href="/wiki/Sharif_Ali" title="Sharif Ali">Sharif Ali</a>, the 3rd Sultan of Brunei, who succeeded his father in law as Sultan in virtue of his descent from Muhammad. <a href="/wiki/Sharif_Ali" title="Sharif Ali">Sharif Ali</a> formerly served as <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Emir of Makkah</a> and belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sherifians</a>, migrating to <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> for missionary purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moroccan_royal_family">Moroccan royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Moroccan royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">The Alaouite Royal family of Morocco</a> also claims descent from Muhammad in the line of Imam Hasan ibn Ali. Their patriarch was <a href="/wiki/Sharif_ibn_Ali" title="Sharif ibn Ali">Sharif ibn Ali</a>, who founded the dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sulu,_Lanao,_and_Maguindanao_royal_family"><span id="Sulu.2C_Lanao.2C_and_Maguindanao_royal_family"></span>Sulu, Lanao, and Maguindanao royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sulu, Lanao, and Maguindanao royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sultanates of Sulu, Lanao, and Maguindanao hold a significant place in Philippine history, rooted deeply in both cultural heritage and religious identity. It is claimed that these Sultanates trace their lineage to the Prophet Muhammad, upholding the tenets of Sunni Ash'ari in Aqeeda (theological creed) and adhering to the Shafi'i school of thought in Fiqh (jurisprudence). Central to their spiritual and intellectual tradition are the teachings of Sufi missionaries from the <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Ba 'Alawi sada</a>, whose influence has played a pivotal role in shaping the religious landscape of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of Muslims in the Philippines adhere to the Sunni Ash'ari creed and follow the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, reflecting the enduring influence of these traditions within the Sultanates and beyond. Furthermore, there exists a profound respect for, and in many cases, the practice of Sufism among Filipino Muslims. Sufism, with its emphasis on spiritual purification and the pursuit of inner knowledge, resonates deeply with the cultural and religious fabric of the Filipino Muslim community.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad" title="Family tree of Muhammad">Family tree of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Sayyid_Ali_Hamadani" title="Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani">Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Mir_Sayyid_Ali_Hamadani" title="Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani">Hamadani's</a> clerical legacy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(title)" title="Mir (title)">Mir</a> (Persian <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Princes</a> of the Sayyids)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqib_al-ashraf" title="Naqib al-ashraf">Naqib</a> (Arabian <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikhs</a> of the Sayyids)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Empire</a>, whose clerics influenced the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiite</a> opinion of definition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sadat (disambiguation)">Sadat (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(name)" title="Mirza (name)">Mirza (title)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Ngwenyama</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelt <b>sayid</b>, <b>said</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>saiyed</b>, <b>seyit</b>, <b>seyd</b>, <b>syed</b>, <b>sayed</b>, <b>sayyed</b>, <b>saiyid</b>, <b>seyed</b> and <b>seyyed</b>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrimJohnson2013" class="citation report cs1">Grim, Brian J.; Johnson, Todd M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf">Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations, 1910–2010</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Wiley. p. 22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Chapter+1%3A+Global+Religious+Populations%2C+1910%E2%80%932010&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Grim&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Todd+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.johnwiley.com.au%2Fproduct_data%2Fexcerpt%2F47%2F04706745%2F0470674547-196.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200">"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>. 3 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+%E2%80%93+2010+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom+%E2%80%93+China+%28includes+Tibet%2C+Hong+Kong%2C+Macau%29&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fdocid%2F4cf2d0a85c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), <i><a href="/wiki/SIL_Ethnologue" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL Ethnologue">SIL Ethnologue</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sayyid">"Sayyid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528182638/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sayyid">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sayyid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fsayyid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/sayyid">"sayyid"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528182637/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/sayyid">Archived</a> 28 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322185631/https://www.lexico.com/definition/sayyid">"sayyid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/sayyid">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=sayyid&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fsayyid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-sayyid" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=sayyid">"sayyid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=sayyid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dsayyid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_ArendonkGraham1960–2007">Van Arendonk & Graham 1960–2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_graves_of_Tarim_genealogy_and_mobility_across_the_Indian_Ocean-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_graves_of_Tarim_genealogy_and_mobility_across_the_Indian_Ocean_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2006" class="citation book cs1">Ho, Engseng (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YMcZU0VHdG0C"><i>The graves of Tarim genealogy and mobility across the Indian Ocean</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93869-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93869-4"><bdi>978-0-520-93869-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+graves+of+Tarim+genealogy+and+mobility+across+the+Indian+Ocean&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93869-4&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Engseng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYMcZU0VHdG0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchcock2014" class="citation book cs1">Hitchcock, Richard (18 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l-IkDQAAQBAJ"><i>Muslim Spain Reconsidered</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748678310" title="Special:BookSources/9780748678310"><bdi>9780748678310</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729155351/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l-IkDQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Spain+Reconsidered&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft.isbn=9780748678310&rft.aulast=Hitchcock&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl-IkDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorriente2008" class="citation book cs1">Corriente, Federico (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N_hAzIqriakC"><i>Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004168589" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004168589"><bdi>978-9004168589</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006153300/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=N_hAzIqriakC">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Arabic+and+Allied+Loanwords%3A+Spanish%2C+Portuguese%2C+Catalan%2C+Galician+and+Kindred+Dialects&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9004168589&rft.aulast=Corriente&rft.aufirst=Federico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN_hAzIqriakC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arabiclexicon.hawramani.com/search/سيد?cat=3"><i>Lisān Al-'Arab</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lis%C4%81n+Al-%27Arab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farabiclexicon.hawramani.com%2Fsearch%2F%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%3Fcat%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWehr1976" class="citation book cs1">Wehr, Hans (1976). <i>A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic</i>. p. 440.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Modern+Written+Arabic&rft.pages=440&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Wehr&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_History_of_the_Modern_Middle_East-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_History_of_the_Modern_Middle_East_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClevelandBunton2016" class="citation book cs1">Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin (2 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_JMDAAAQBAJ"><i>A History of the Modern Middle East</i></a>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4980-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4980-0"><bdi>978-0-8133-4980-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025228/https://books.google.com/books?id=2_JMDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4980-0&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft.au=Bunton%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2_JMDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-People_of_India_by_Herbert_Risely-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-People_of_India_by_Herbert_Risely_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">People of India by Herbert Risely</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morimoto in Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies, introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morimoto in Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies, introduction, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2005" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Walter R. (2005). <i>The valley of Kashmir</i>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-1630-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-1630-8"><bdi>81-206-1630-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65200978">65200978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+valley+of+Kashmir&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65200978&rft.isbn=81-206-1630-8&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span> p. 292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhuihamiPushp1954" class="citation book cs1">Khuihami, Ghulam Hasan; Pushp, P. N (4 August 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69327348"><i>Tarikh-i Hassan</i></a>. Research & Publ. Dpt., Jammu & Kashmir Gov. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/69327348">69327348</a> – via Open WorldCat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarikh-i+Hassan&rft.pub=Research+%26+Publ.+Dpt.%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir+Gov.&rft.date=1954-08-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F69327348&rft.aulast=Khuihami&rft.aufirst=Ghulam+Hasan&rft.au=Pushp%2C+P.+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F69327348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suraiya Gull in "Development of Sufi Kubraviya Order with Special Reference to Mir Saiyid Ali Hamadani", p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tazkare_Khanwade_Hazrat_Ishaan_p._61_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tazkare Khanwade Hazrat Ishaan, p. 61, by Muhammad Yasin Qaswari Naqshbandi, published by Kooperatis Lahorin, Edare Talimat Naqshbandiyya</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Damurdashi, ed. Muhammad, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Imber and Kiyotaki, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorimoto2012" class="citation book cs1">Morimoto, Kazuo, ed. (2012). <i>Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet</i> (illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 2, 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-51917-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-51917-5"><bdi>978-0-415-51917-5</bdi></a>. <q>Reliable statistics showing the number of the Prophet's kinsfolk, spread all through the Muslim world and far beyond it, are not available. Even a conservative estimate, however, would suggest that the number of kinsfolk is in the tens of millions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sayyids+and+Sharifs+in+Muslim+Societies%3A+The+Living+Links+to+the+Prophet&rft.pages=2%2C+11&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-51917-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldziher, I. and Boer, Tj. de, "At̲h̲ar", in: <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</i>, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113151332/http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html">"Topkapi Web Page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Topkapi+Web+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ee.bilkent.edu.tr%2F~history%2Ftopkapi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/istanbul/treasure.html">"The 2002 Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Connecting Culture, Creating Trust"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924012148/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/istanbul/treasure.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2002+Smithsonian+Folklife+Festival%3A+Connecting+Culture%2C+Creating+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silkroadproject.org%2Fsmithsonian%2Fistanbul%2Ftreasure.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601201844/http://haqaonline.lightuponlight.com/pg/index.php?cat=7">"Islamic Picture Gallery - Home > Islamic Relics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haqaonline.lightuponlight.com/pg/index.php?cat=7">the original</a> on 1 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamic+Picture+Gallery+-+Home+%3E+Islamic+Relics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaqaonline.lightuponlight.com%2Fpg%2Findex.php%3Fcat%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khanam-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khanam_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanam2005" class="citation book cs1">Khanam, R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q_189OeDwSMC&pg=PA724"><i>Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia</i></a>. Global Vision Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8220-062-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8220-062-3"><bdi>978-81-8220-062-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedic+Ethnography+of+Middle-East+and+Central+Asia&rft.pub=Global+Vision+Publishing+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-8220-062-3&rft.aulast=Khanam&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq_189OeDwSMC%26pg%3DPA724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesyedfamily.com/">"The Syed Family – Home of The Syed Family"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Syed+Family+%E2%80%93+Home+of+The+Syed+Family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesyedfamily.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tazkare_Khwanadane_Hazrat_Eshan_p._63_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator: Muhammad bin Nusayr company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/1426/">https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/1426/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703065118/https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/1426/">Archived</a> 3 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari r.a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shajara.org-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shajara.org_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shajara.org_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417182749/https://shajara.org/1426-shajara-e-nasab-lineages-of-descendants-of-imam-hasan-al-askari/">"Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam al-Askari ibn Imam Ali al-Hadi r.a. — Shajara"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shajara.org/1426-shajara-e-nasab-lineages-of-descendants-of-imam-hasan-al-askari/">the original</a> on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shajara.org/2020/08/04/sulton-sodot-saodat-amir-sayyid-ali-akbar/">the original</a> on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shajara&rft.atitle=Sulton+Sodot+Amir+Sayyid+Ali+Akbar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshajara.org%2F2020%2F08%2F04%2Fsulton-sodot-saodat-amir-sayyid-ali-akbar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">«Buyuk Termiziylar» (Буюк Термизийлар) book by Mirzo Kenjabek, "Uzbekistan National encyclopedias" 2017, page-267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheikh_Qumi_1379-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sheikh_Qumi_1379_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheikh Qumi, Muntahi al-Amal, 1379, chapter-3, p-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hossein Madani, book "Tuhfat al-Azhar", Al-Tarat al-Maktub, chapter-1, pp-9-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kharz ad-din, book "Markat al-Maarif", 1371, chapter-2, pp-242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Badawi, Saba al-Jazeera, book Saba al-Dujail Information and Guidance Centre, p-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naqib al-Ashraf Ibn Abd al-Ahad Sherazi "Shajara-e-nasab", p-27-39, Islamic University, Association of Naqabats,2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">»<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shajara.info/uncategorized/эшон-имлои-бухорий-ҳазратларининг-ша/">ЭШОН ИМЛО БУХОРИЙ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109072047/http://www.shajara.info/uncategorized/%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D1%88%D0%B0/">Archived</a> 9 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/%d1%8d%d1%88%d0%be%d0%bd-%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%bb%d0%be-%d0%b1%d1%83%d1%85%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d2%b3%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b3-%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%b6/">https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/%d1%8d%d1%88%d0%be%d0%bd-%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%bb%d0%be-%d0%b1%d1%83%d1%85%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d2%b3%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b3-%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%b6/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630202814/https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6/">Archived</a> 30 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Эшон Имло Бухорий ҳазратларининг шажараси ҳақида</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/naqshbandiya-shajarasi-izidan/">https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/naqshbandiya-shajarasi-izidan/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630183421/https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/naqshbandiya-shajarasi-izidan/">Archived</a> 30 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NAQSHBANDİYA SHAJARASİ İZİDAN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171037/http://www.shajara.info/maqolalar">"Maqolalar"</a>. <i>shajara.info</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shajara.info/maqolalar">the original</a> on 3 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shajara.info&rft.atitle=Maqolalar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shajara.info%2Fmaqolalar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171152/http://www.shajara.info/tasavvuf-ahli">"Tasavvuf Ahli"</a>. <i>shajara.info</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shajara.info/tasavvuf-ahli">the original</a> on 3 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shajara.info&rft.atitle=Tasavvuf+Ahli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shajara.info%2Ftasavvuf-ahli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808085952/http://www.shajara.info/uncategorized/ishtixonning-songgi-qozisi-qozi-sayyid-bahodirxon/">"Ishtixonning so'nggi qozisi Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon -"</a>. Türkistan Seyyidler ve Şerifler derneği (Turkestan Sayyid and Sheriffs Association). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shajara.info/uncategorized/ishtixonning-songgi-qozisi-qozi-sayyid-bahodirxon/">the original</a> on 8 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ishtixonning+so%27nggi+qozisi+Qozi+Sayyid+Bahodirxon+-&rft.pub=T%C3%BCrkistan+Seyyidler+ve+%C5%9Eerifler+derne%C4%9Fi+%28Turkestan+Sayyid+and+Sheriffs+Association%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shajara.info%2Funcategorized%2Fishtixonning-songgi-qozisi-qozi-sayyid-bahodirxon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://shajara.org/2020/06/24/qozi-sayyid-bahodirxon-ibn-sayyid-ibrohimxoja/">https://shajara.org/2020/06/24/qozi-sayyid-bahodirxon-ibn-sayyid-ibrohimxoja/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184142/https://shajara.org/2020/06/24/qozi-sayyid-bahodirxon-ibn-sayyid-ibrohimxoja/">Archived</a> 30 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon ibn Sayyid Ibrohimxo’ja</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr.Annemarie Schimmels book «Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India» BRILL, 1976, p.32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Kafi, by Muhammad Ya'qub Kulayni. Translated by Muhammad Sarwar. Chap. 124, Birth of Abi Muhammad al-Hasan ibn 'Ali, p.705</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr.Annemarie Schimmels book "Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India" BRILL, 1976, p.32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022100511/https://www.ziaislamic.com/interface/Gulzar_auliya/5.html">"Gulzar Auliya: Hadhrat Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshband ZiaIslamic"</a>. Abu Hanifa Welfare and Education Trust / Abul Hasanaat Islamic Research Center. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gulzar+Auliya%3A+Hadhrat+Khwaja+Bahauddin+Naqshband+ZiaIslamic&rft.pub=Abu+Hanifa+Welfare+and+Education+Trust+%2F+Abul+Hasanaat+Islamic+Research+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ziaislamic.com%2Finterface%2FGulzar_auliya%2F5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202081816/https://sayyidamiruddin.com/bloodline/">"Bloodline & Family Lineage"</a>. 24 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sayyidamiruddin.com/bloodline/">the original</a> on 2 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bloodline+%26+Family+Lineage&rft.date=2011-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsayyidamiruddin.com%2Fbloodline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119051843/http://www.shajara.info/archives/520">"Pokistondagi Sayyidlar Sulolasi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shajara.info/archives/520">the original</a> on 19 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pokistondagi+Sayyidlar+Sulolasi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shajara.info%2Farchives%2F520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamdard2019" class="citation news cs1">Hamdard, Azizullah (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pajhwok.com/2019/03/15/ghani-decrees-mentioning-sadat-tribe-electronic-id-card/">"Ghani decrees mentioning Sadat tribe in electronic ID card"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ghani+decrees+mentioning+Sadat+tribe+in+electronic+ID+card&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Hamdard&rft.aufirst=Azizullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpajhwok.com%2F2019%2F03%2F15%2Fghani-decrees-mentioning-sadat-tribe-electronic-id-card%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://nps.edu/web/ccs/ethnic-genealogies">https://nps.edu/web/ccs/ethnic-genealogies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MiSqRD9i1TgC&dq=Sayyids+in+Iraq&pg=PA122">Reclaiming Iraq: The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430102412/https://books.google.com/books?id=MiSqRD9i1TgC&pg=PA122&dq=Sayyids+in+Iraq&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-JfJUIP8Hu2cmQXLpoHwDw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 30 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Abbas Kadhim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125105401/https://books.google.iq/books/about/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%88%D9%85.html?id=DoI5DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y">البغداديون أخبارهم ومجالسهم</a> By <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:إبراهيم عبد الغني الدروبي">إبراهيم عبد الغني الدروبي</a> - مطبعة الرابطة - Baghdad 1958 – مجلس آل الوتري (House of Al-Witry Council) - Page 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208013703/https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=SVJ8YNWhRaQC&pg=PT103&lpg=PT103&dq=%22%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%22&source=bl&ots=FlVmALuTPQ&sig=bK41EaGfCnyTOvH-QRpSZS_tUs8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_xrmBt9DLAhWG6RQKHaLRDZUQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A&f=false">الكلية الطبية الملكية العراقية من خلال سيرة ذاتية، ج 1 (الطبعة الأولى)</a>. بيروت: المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر. (هاشم الوتري - Hashim Al-Witry) Pages 180-181. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9953-441-51-0" title="Special:BookSources/9953-441-51-0">9953-441-51-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13920211000043">Six million people of Iran's population are Sadaat (Sayyid) / Tehran and Mazandaran (provinces) are the record owner of Sadaats in the country</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012427/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13920211000043">Archived</a> 2 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> farsnews.ir1 February 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloorHerzig2015" class="citation book cs1">Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ&q=safavids+imported+lebanon"><i>Iran and the World in the Safavid Age</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-990-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-990-5"><bdi>978-1-78076-990-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220359/https://books.google.com/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ&dq=safavids+imported+lebanon&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2017. <q>In fact, at the start of the Safavid period Twelver Shi'ism was imported into Iran largely from Syria and Mount Lebanon (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+and+the+World+in+the+Safavid+Age&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-990-5&rft.aulast=Floor&rft.aufirst=Willem&rft.au=Herzig%2C+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHZNpBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsafavids%2Bimported%2Blebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islam_pg.170-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Islam_pg.170_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islam_pg.170_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The failure of political Islam, by Olivier Roy, Carol Volk, pg.170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francis_Robinson_pg.72-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Robinson_pg.72_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Robinson_pg.72_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cambridge illustrated history of the Islamic world, by Francis Robinson, pg.72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marvin_E._Gettleman_pg.42_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Middle East and Islamic world reader, by Marvin E. Gettleman, Stuart Schaar, pg.42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_N._Stearns_pg.360_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Encyclopedia of world history: ancient, medieval, and modern ... by Peter N. Stearns, William Leonard Langer, pg.360</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaery-Eisenlohr2008" class="citation book cs1">Shaery-Eisenlohr, Roschanack (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l1ybylkCCLAC"><i>Shiʻite Lebanon: Transnational Religion and the Making of National Identities</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. 12–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231144261" title="Special:BookSources/9780231144261"><bdi>9780231144261</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729155351/https://books.google.com/books?id=l1ybylkCCLAC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shi%CA%BBite+Lebanon%3A+Transnational+Religion+and+the+Making+of+National+Identities&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=9780231144261&rft.aulast=Shaery-Eisenlohr&rft.aufirst=Roschanack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl1ybylkCCLAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeen2007" class="citation book cs1">Deen, Sayyed M. (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G-M3IRh22moC&q=sunni%20iran&pg=PT52"><i>Science Under Islam: Rise, Decline and Revival</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847999429" title="Special:BookSources/9781847999429"><bdi>9781847999429</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Under+Islam%3A+Rise%2C+Decline+and+Revival&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=9781847999429&rft.aulast=Deen&rft.aufirst=Sayyed+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG-M3IRh22moC%26q%3Dsunni%2520iran%26pg%3DPT52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazik1871" class="citation book cs1">Razik, Salil (1871). Badger, George Percy (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofimmss44ibnr/mode/2up"><i>History of the imâms and seyyids of Omân</i></a>. The Hakluyt Society. p. 377.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+im%C3%A2ms+and+seyyids+of+Om%C3%A2n&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=The+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Razik&rft.aufirst=Salil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofimmss44ibnr%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery-Massingberd1980" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/burkesroyalfamil0002unse/mode/2up"><i>Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume II Africa & the Middle East</i></a>. Burke's Peerage Ltd. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85011-029-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85011-029-6"><bdi>978-0-85011-029-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Royal+Families+of+the+World+Volume+II+Africa+%26+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+Ltd.&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-85011-029-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fburkesroyalfamil0002unse%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4W3o6bUwCYEC&dq=Sayyids+in+yemen&pg=PA56">A Tribal Order: Politics And Law in the Mountains of Yemen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617154108/https://books.google.com/books?id=4W3o6bUwCYEC&pg=PA56&dq=Sayyids+in+yemen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-pPJUPfFGcTPmAXej4DwDg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Shelagh Weir</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526186/sayyid">"sayyid – Arabic title"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122181035/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526186/sayyid">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=sayyid+%E2%80%93+Arabic+title&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F526186%2Fsayyid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue18/features3.htm">From Religious Leaders to Ordinary Citizens The Changing Role of "Sadah" in Yemen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026110753/http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue18/features3.htm">Archived</a> 26 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Mohammed Al-Asadi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohammada in The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wani in Islam in Kashmir Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century, p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myheritage.com/family-1_1000026_78475191_78475191/malikus-sadat-syed-masood-al-husaini-malikus-sadat-ruqaiyya-bibi">"Data"</a>. <i>www.myheritage.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128131236/https://www.myheritage.com/family-1_1000026_78475191_78475191/malikus-sadat-syed-masood-al-husaini-malikus-sadat-ruqaiyya-bibi">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.myheritage.com&rft.atitle=Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myheritage.com%2Ffamily-1_1000026_78475191_78475191%2Fmalikus-sadat-syed-masood-al-husaini-malikus-sadat-ruqaiyya-bibi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorimoto2012" class="citation book cs1">Morimoto, Kazuo (1 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C"><i>Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415519175" title="Special:BookSources/9780415519175"><bdi>9780415519175</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220359/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sayyids+and+Sharifs+in+Muslim+Societies%3A+The+Living+Links+to+the+Prophet&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=9780415519175&rft.aulast=Morimoto&rft.aufirst=Kazuo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5VnmEMh0MF4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsford2012" class="citation book cs1">Welsford, Thomas (9 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fteHuo3yyAYC"><i>Four Types of Loyalty in Early Modern Central Asia: The T?q?y-T?m?rid Takeover of Greater M? War? Al-Nahr, 1598–1605</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004231870" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004231870"><bdi>978-9004231870</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220359/https://books.google.com/books?id=fteHuo3yyAYC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hurst. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850653042" title="Special:BookSources/9781850653042"><bdi>9781850653042</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legacy+of+a+Divided+Nation%3A+India%27s+Muslims+Since+Independence&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=9781850653042&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.aufirst=Mushirul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlNKqYp-LTnkC%26q%3Dsyeds%2520of%2520India%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95Q3AAAAIAAJ&q=Sayyids&pg=PA126">The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement : Fascicules 1–2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506195910/https://books.google.com/books?id=95Q3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA126&dq=Sayyids+of+North+India&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E2zAUIGBHYKImQWguoCwAg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwADgo">Archived</a> 6 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Brill Archive, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCodingest" class="citation web cs1">Codingest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studiodharma.in/">"Studio Dharma - by Nikhil Jain"</a>. <i>STUDIO DHARMA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dainik+Jagran&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Futtar-pradesh%2Fmeerut-city-14852638.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/meerut-police-refused-fir-against-vijay-mallya-waqf-board/">"Meerut police refused FIR against Vijay Mallya: waqf board"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 17 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Meerut+police+refused+FIR+against+Vijay+Mallya%3A+waqf+board&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness%2Fcompanies%2Fmeerut-police-refused-fir-against-vijay-mallya-waqf-board%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiamapia.com/Meerut/Abdullapur.html">"Abdullapur Pin Code, Abdullapur, Meerut Map, Latitude and Longitude, Uttar Pradesh"</a>. <i>indiamapia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A. Allen, Joseph Edmund Lowry, Terri DeYoung, <a href="/wiki/Devin_J._Stewart" title="Devin J. Stewart">Devin J. Stewart</a>, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 30 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C&q=Bilgram&pg=PA166">Islam in South Asia in Practice</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113553/https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C&pg=PA166&dq=Sayyids+of+Bilgram&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4ze_UIyuIsbImAW2l4DIAQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATgK">Archived</a> 25 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Barbara D. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/sultanbrunei.htm">the original</a> on April 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pusat+Sejarah+Brunei&rft.pub=www.history-centre.gov.bn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history-centre.gov.bn%2Fsultanbrunei.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hukam.net/family.php?fam=90">"العلويون/الفيلاليون في المغرب"</a>. <i>www.hukam.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Studies+on+Traditional+Knowledge+in+Sulu+Archipelago+and+Its+People%2C+and+in+the+Neighboring+Nusantara&rft.atitle=Lumpang+Basih&rft.volume=3&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Quiling&rft.aufirst=Mucha-Shim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F42073637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdurahman2002" class="citation book cs1">Abdurahman, Habib Jamasali Sharief Rajah Bassal (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_QpxAAAAMAAJ&q=balfaqi%20alawi%20sulu%20sultan"><i>The Sultanate of Sulu</i></a>. University of Michigan: Astoria Print. & Publishing Company. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789719262701,_9719262702" title="Special:BookSources/9789719262701, 9719262702"><bdi>9789719262701, 9719262702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultanate+of+Sulu&rft.place=University+of+Michigan&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Astoria+Print.+%26+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Abdurahman&rft.aufirst=Habib+Jamasali+Sharief+Rajah+Bassal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_QpxAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dbalfaqi%2520alawi%2520sulu%2520sultan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span 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title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" 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(1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sayad" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sayad">Sayad</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sayad&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_ArendonkGraham1960–2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Van Arendonk, C.; Graham, W.A. (1960–2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041">"Sharīf"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/P._J._Bearman" class="mw-redirect" title="P. J. Bearman">Bearman, P. J.</a>; Bianquis, Th.; <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; van Donzel, E.; <a href="/wiki/W._P._Heinrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="W. P. Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shar%C4%ABf&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.date=1960%2F2007&rft.aulast=Van+Arendonk&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Graham%2C+W.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fsharif-COM_1041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayyid" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whyislam.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/familyTree_600.jpg">whyislam.org content</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sherifs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1115855/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sayyid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7864474-4">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sherifs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85121367">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chérifs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12448852b">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chérifs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12448852b">BnF 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