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<span>Political climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mexico 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forum_Universal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forum_Universal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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id="toc-Section_One:_South_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_Towards_Bourgeois_Democratic_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_One:_South_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_Towards_Bourgeois_Democratic_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Section One: South Wall: <i>The March of Humanity Towards Bourgeois Democratic Revolution</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Section_One:_South_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_Towards_Bourgeois_Democratic_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Section_Two:_North_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_to_the_Revolution_of_the_Future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_Two:_North_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_to_the_Revolution_of_the_Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Section Two: North Wall: <i>The March of Humanity to the Revolution of the Future</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Section_Two:_North_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_to_the_Revolution_of_the_Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sections_Three_and_Four:_East_and_West_Sides:_Peace,_Culture,_and_Harmony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sections_Three_and_Four:_East_and_West_Sides:_Peace,_Culture,_and_Harmony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sections Three and Four: East and West Sides: <i>Peace, Culture, and Harmony</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sections_Three_and_Four:_East_and_West_Sides:_Peace,_Culture,_and_Harmony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siqueiros_Foundation_of_the_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siqueiros_Foundation_of_the_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Siqueiros Foundation of the Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siqueiros_Foundation_of_the_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&params=19.39323_N_99.17343_W_region:MX-MEX_type:landmark_scale:2000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°23′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">99°10′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.39323°N 99.17343°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.39323; -99.17343</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Building in Mexico City, Mexico</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg/300px-PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg/450px-PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg/600px-PolyforumSiqueiros06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3282" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption>View of the Polyforum</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros</b> is a cultural, political and social facility located in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Mexico_City" title="World Trade Center Mexico City">World Trade Center Mexico City</a>. It was designed and decorated by <a href="/wiki/David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a> in the 1960s and hosts the largest mural work in the world called <i><b>La Marcha de la Humanidad</b></i>. The building has a theatre, galleries and more, but the main focus is the Forum Universal, which contains the interior portion of Siqueiros' mural work. Visitors can experience the mural while standing on a rotating stage, listening to Siqueiros narrate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Site">Site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg/220px-PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg/330px-PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg/440px-PolyforumSiqueiros02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>View of the outer wall of the facility</figcaption></figure> <p>The Polyforum is a decagon shaped construction with different exhibition spaces that feature David Alfaro Siqueiros’ work.<sup id="cite_ref-museo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building is part of a business complex called the World Trade Center Mexico City in the <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez,_D.F." class="mw-redirect" title="Benito Juárez, D.F.">Benito Juárez borough</a> of Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-alistan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This complex was designed by architects Joaquín Alvarez, Guillermo Rossel de la Lama and Ramón Mikelajáuregui, and built just outside Parque de la Lama, but the Polyforum was designed and decorated by Siqueiros, who nicknamed it “El coronelazo.” The exterior is in the form of a diamond and the inside has eight sides.<sup id="cite_ref-posponen_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posponen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building with its murals is considered to be an “artistic heritage site” for Mexico, registered by the Centro Nacional de Conservación, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Bellas_Artes_y_Literatura" title="Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura">Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura</a> and Registro del Patrimonio Artístico Mueble.<sup id="cite_ref-posponen_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posponen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polyforum is a multiple event facility dedicated to cultural, political and social events. Its main aspects include a 500-seat theatre, two galleries, offices and the Foro Universal or Universal Forum. </p><p>The outside wall was built in 1970 as a way for patron <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Su%C3%A1rez_y_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Manuel Suárez y Suárez">Manuel Suárez</a> to prevent encroachment or destruction of his property. The wall became immediately controversial because although it was built for safety purposes, it obstructed the view of the Polyforum for passersby, thus making it less accessible to the general public. The press allegedly deemed the wall defensive and antisocial, and Siqueiros tried to defend the wall by saying that it was merely an aesthetic extension of the Polyforum itself. Made into a work of art, the inner surface of the wall celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of the Mexican mural movement of which Siqueiros actively participated in with <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Clemente_Orozco" title="José Clemente Orozco">José Clemente Orozco</a>, and others. The mural prominently features portraits of Rivera and Orozco, as well as Dr. Atl, a key figure in the start of the mural movement, and graphic artists Guadalupe Posada and <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Mendez" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopoldo Mendez">Leopoldo Mendez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Polyforum's exterior, a 2,750 ft. area, features a twelve-faced sculptural mural painting. Each face depicts a different symbolic concept. The twelve concepts depicted are: Destiny, Ecology, Acrobats, Masses, Decalog, Christ, Indigenous Peoples, Dance, Mythology, Mingling of Races, Music, and Atom. The exterior work is meant to serve as a preview of the interior mural, to entice visitors to enter the building, and to make visitors contemplate the complex meanings of the concepts represented.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_climate">Political climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The year 1960 marked the fiftieth year of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>, and the political situation in Mexico during the 1960s was quite grim. The early 1960s was marked by major control by the Left and attempts to create class equality, but these attempts unfortunately failed. In 1964, the combination of both an economic decline and an announcement that allottable land was near exhaustion led many peasants to revolt. In the late 1960s, the Right gained control, which led to many doctor and student strikes that were received with strong resistance from the government. The most shocking example of the murky political situation in 1960s Mexico happened in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlatelolco Massacre">Tlatelolco Massacre</a> on October 2, 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a student demonstration that happened ten days before the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, police and military officers shot into a crowd of unarmed students at Tlatelolco Plaza. The final death toll remains a mystery, but it has been reported that four students died, twenty were wounded, and thousands were beaten, jailed, and disappeared. This event coincided with the intended opening of the Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros during the summer of 1968, and demonstrates how turbulent the political climate was in Mexico during the Polyforum's construction.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mexico_2000">Mexico 2000</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mexico 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Polyforum was designed as part of a major redevelopment/improvement project for Mexico City entitled Mexico 2000. Because of an increase in Mexico City's urban population, Mexico 2000 strived to generate income for the city through tourism and services at its decentralized location at Parque de la Lama. In addition to making arts more accessible to people through Siqueiros’ work at the Polyforum, some of the other contributions of Mexico 2000 included underground networks of driveways, closed circuit radio and television broadcasting, a new system of construction called “Tridilosa” that lightened the weight of the building structure as to allow for more rooms to be created, and expedited travel services for tourists coming into the city. <br />The plaza's major hotel, “<a href="/wiki/El_Hotel_de_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="El Hotel de Mexico">El Hotel de Mexico</a>,” is 730 foot high building that was designed to house a large number of tourists. At the time, the hotel was the tallest reinforced concrete and earthquake-resistant building in the world, and featured 1,512 rooms and suites with a variety of dining options. Equally important to tourism as the Polyforum, “El Hotel de Mexico” was built for both functionality and aesthetic pleasure through its architectural grandeur.<sup id="cite_ref-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_commission">The commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the date is rather uncertain, most agree that the initial commission of the Polyforum happened in 1960 before the radical artist Siqueiros was imprisoned for the charges of attacking police, resisting arrest, firing an illegal weapon, and inciting violence.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siqueiros officially accepted the commission from art patron and industrialist Manuel Suárez on September 7, 1964. The first request of Suárez was for a large mural to be housed in Cuernavaca. The location of the mural was then moved to Mexico City in 1966, and now is known as <i>The March of Humanity</i>. The location change to Parque de la Lama was part of Suárez's larger ideas to both draw people away from the urban center and to promote tourism in an effort to boost the suffering Mexican economy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Creating the Polyforum was a collective act, and required a large team of workers. Several architects, engineers, painters, sculptors, and acoustics experts from all around the world came to work on the massive project.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The undertaking was so large that Siqueiros purchased an additional piece of land next to his home and studio in Cuernavaca for his team to complete the project.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the panels for <i>The March of Humanity</i> were created in Cuernavaca, where Rhode Island School of Design alumni Mark Rogovin worked under Siqueiros. Rogovin attests to the fact that he and a friend were the only U.S. natives to be working on the project, as most of the other members were from Japan, Italy, Argentina, and various other locations around the world. According to Rogovin, Siqueiros was constantly at the studio, putting in long days and making sure that the project was being carried out to his standard.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was initially to be completed for the 1968 Olympic Games, but due to political and financial complications, the Polyforum was not finished and inaugurated until December 15, 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forum_Universal">Forum Universal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Forum Universal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main feature of the complex at Parque de la Lama is the Forum Universal, which contains Siquieros’ mural called <i>La Marcha de la Humanidad</i> (<i>The March of Humanity</i>). The building, which contains four floors and has an area of 134,000 square feet, also contains a theatre, two joined galleries and other facilities. Siqueiros’ mural covers the dome on the top floor, and up to one thousand spectators can stand on the rotating platform beneath the mural. Accompanying the viewing experience, a light and sound program that was designed by Manuel Suárez y Suárez plays to educate the viewers about the mural. The next floor down features a space for local and international art exhibitions. Below this floor is a theater that features various performances, as well as a small shopping area called the Universal Forum Emerging Art Space (EAE).<sup id="cite_ref-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basement of the Polyforum is an open space that can be used for storage as well as exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, for the 40th anniversary of the structure, the Forum's two art galleries named after <a href="/wiki/Dr._Atl" title="Dr. Atl">Dr. Atl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Orozco_Rivera" title="Mario Orozco Rivera">Mario Orozco Rivera</a> were renovated and merged into one gallery, measuring over 300 square meters. The first served as the site museum with a space of 145 meters squared. Its permanent exhibition consisted of photographs and models and sketches related to the painting of the site's mural. It also contained biographical information in the form of documents and photographs of Manuel Suárez y Suárez, the sponsor of the Polyforum along with that of Siqueiros. The gallery contains a statue of Manuel Suárez y Suárez.<sup id="cite_ref-alistan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second gallery dedicated to Orozco Rivera measured 169 meters squared and is shows mainly temporary exhibits of painting, sculpture and photography. The new gallery's first exhibition of 2011 was called “My Trend Week," and it was designed to display the works of new artistic talent in architecture as well as graphic, industrial and interior design.<sup id="cite_ref-alistan_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combined space has been tentatively renamed “Espacio de Arte Emergente” (Emerging Art Space) .<sup id="cite_ref-alistan_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_Marcha_de_la_Humanidad_(The_March_of_Humanity)"><span id="La_Marcha_de_la_Humanidad_.28The_March_of_Humanity.29"></span><i>La Marcha de la Humanidad</i> (<i>The March of Humanity</i>)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: La Marcha de la Humanidad (The March of Humanity)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inside the Polyforum hosts Siqueiros’ largest mural ever to be created, which is fully titled, <i><b>The March of Humanity on Earth and Toward the Cosmos: Misery and Science</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Folgarait_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folgarait-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Including the exterior panels, the mural measures 8,700 square meters.<sup id="cite_ref-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siqueiros described the theme as “Naked people close to the soil, a woman with a child on her lap, and smaller children raising their arms begging for bread. They are hungry, the oldest, doubled over under a bundle of firewood, walks off in search of a livelihood; groups of women running pell-mell knock each other to get a crumb of bread thrown away by others---an unending struggle to solve the basic problem of existence.”<sup id="cite_ref-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall theme of the mural is humanity's endless struggle throughout history and the search for a better society. The mural is divided into four main sections: <i>The March of Humanity Towards Bourgeois Democratic Revolution</i>; <i>The March of Humanity to the Revolution of the Future</i>; <i>Peace, Culture, and Harmony</i>; and <i>Science and Technology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Section_One:_South_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_Towards_Bourgeois_Democratic_Revolution">Section One: South Wall: <i>The March of Humanity Towards Bourgeois Democratic Revolution</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Section One: South Wall: The March of Humanity Towards Bourgeois Democratic Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section of the mural depicts a revolution before a time of democratic revolution and is characterized by violence and confusion. There are many figures and forms in different positions, suggesting overall chaos. In the center, demagoguery emerges in the form of a clown who is flanked by militaristic figures. Ninety-some figures are pictured in this scene and are compositionally stacked rather than overlapped. The upper register tells a story that begins with two dark-skinned, half-naked men shown with their knees bent. Next to them, two mothers and their several children walking through a barren landscape that features one large, tree-like form in the background. The next figure is an old man who is bent down under a pile of sticks. Next to him is a group of women huddling together who are shown covering their children with shawls. This entire group is shown to be moving toward a white-faced, dancing figure with his arms raised. This figure, who appears as a leader of some sort, is flanked by a group of people who are also raising their arms. The lower register features figures that are larger in scale than those in the upper register. The first form is an abstract, humanoid form that is more difficult to recognize than the figures from the upper register. Following him is a brutalized, black male figure who is shown armless and hanged, swinging from a noose. The next figures are two large, monstrous figures with recognizably human anatomy that are followed by a larger group of marchers that are shown in uniform, carrying spears and rifles. This procession of synchronized marchers closes out the frame.<sup id="cite_ref-Folgarait_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folgarait-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Section_Two:_North_Wall:_The_March_of_Humanity_to_the_Revolution_of_the_Future">Section Two: North Wall: <i>The March of Humanity to the Revolution of the Future</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Section Two: North Wall: The March of Humanity to the Revolution of the Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section depicts the future as a chaotic and confusing time, and begins with a woman being attacked by a ferocious anthropomorphic beast. Next to the woman, a man chops down a poisonous tree, and across from him, two frightened women scurry across the turbulent landscape. Above these figures is a three-dimensional figure that protrudes from the wall and is representative of metamorphosis. The next scene depicts a large grouping of women next to a large <a href="/wiki/Amate" title="Amate">amate</a> tree, which is representative of the new leaders who will aid the development of humanity. Two figures come out of the tree, and seem to be flying into space. In the final scene, a gender ambiguous figure, shown sitting on a rock, points back to the tree to emphasize its importance. The landscape of Section 2 is much more rough and jagged than the landscape in Section 1, suggesting that the future revolution will be a great challenge for humanity to overcome.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sections_Three_and_Four:_East_and_West_Sides:_Peace,_Culture,_and_Harmony"><span id="Sections_Three_and_Four:_East_and_West_Sides:_Peace.2C_Culture.2C_and_Harmony"></span>Sections Three and Four: East and West Sides: <i>Peace, Culture, and Harmony</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sections Three and Four: East and West Sides: Peace, Culture, and Harmony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section shows a man offering industrialization to the west, and on the east side, a woman offering culture to humanize society. Converging lines that come out from the wall behind the figures unify the hands of the man and woman. The man in this scene is the leader who emerged from the <a href="/wiki/Amate" title="Amate">amate</a> tree in Section 2, and his return with the female suggests that he has successfully mated and created a new race. These two figures have brought the tools necessary to save humanity through starting a new march towards a better future. .<sup id="cite_ref-Folgarait_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folgarait-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siqueiros_Foundation_of_the_Arts">Siqueiros Foundation of the Arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Siqueiros Foundation of the Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Polyforum is a private institution which is supported through its activities and through private donations to the Siqueiros Foundation. The Siqueiros Foundation is run by Siqueiros' niece Anna Siqueiros, based in Los Angeles, and its mission is "Bringing Color into a Concrete World." As a memorial to the deceased David Alfaro Siqueiros, the Siqueiros Foundation strives to empower underprivileged children by providing them with materials and locations to artistically express themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Siqueiros Foundation preserves a collection of periodicals, audio, video and photography related to the artist, whose digitalization was begun in 2010. This collection consists of 102,908 documents and images with elements such as correspondence with contemporary intellectuals, writers and politicians, including that from the Siquieros was incarcerated in <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Lecumberri" title="Palacio de Lecumberri">Lecumberri</a> from 1960 to 1964. It also includes 7,000 postcards from Germany alone, and 10,000 photographs of family and 80,000 texts written about the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-elporvenir_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elporvenir-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over its first forty years, the building suffered significant deterioration to its structure and its murals.<sup id="cite_ref-posponen_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posponen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deterioration of the mural work is due to environmental factors and the materials Siquieros used to create the piece. In 2011, remodeling work was begun on the facility to mark its fortieth anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-alistan_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alistan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some restoration work had been performed in 2011, but lack of funds has prevented completion.<sup id="cite_ref-posponen_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posponen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-museo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-museo_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324202747/http://www.mexicocity.gob.mx/detalle.php?id_pat=3736">"Description"</a>. Government of Mexico City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicocity.gob.mx/detalle.php?id_pat=3736">the original</a> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Description&rft.pub=Government+of+Mexico+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicocity.gob.mx%2Fdetalle.php%3Fid_pat%3D3736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alistan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alistan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alistan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alistan_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alistan_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alistan_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNotimex2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Notimex (August 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/789257.html">"Alistan nueva galería en el Polyforum Siqueiros"</a> [Enlist new gallery at the Polyforum Siqueiros]. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Alistan+nueva+galer%C3%ADa+en+el+Polyforum+Siqueiros&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.au=Notimex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F789257.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-posponen-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-posponen_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posponen_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posponen_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posponen_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informador.com.mx/cultura/2011/296278/6/posponen-remodelacion-del-polyforum-cultural-siqueiros.htm">"Posponen remodelación del Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros"</a> [Postone remodeling of the Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros]. <i>El Informador</i> (in Spanish). Guadalajara, Mexico. May 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Informador&rft.atitle=Posponen+remodelaci%C3%B3n+del+Polyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informador.com.mx%2Fcultura%2F2011%2F296278%2F6%2Fposponen-remodelacion-del-polyforum-cultural-siqueiros.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuárez_y_Suárez1975" class="citation book cs1">Suárez y Suárez, Manuel (1975). <i>Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros: Mexico</i>. México: Poliforum Siqueiros.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros%3A+Mexico&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico&rft.pub=Poliforum+Siqueiros&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Su%C3%A1rez+y+Su%C3%A1rez&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97546687">"Mexico's 1968 Massacre: What Really Happened?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+1968+Massacre%3A+What+Really+Happened%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D97546687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=19-25&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suárez_y_Suárez_1975_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuárez_y_Suárez1975" class="citation book cs1">Suárez y Suárez, Manuel (1975). <i>Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros: Mexico</i>. México: Poliforum Siqueiros.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros%3A+Mexico&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico&rft.pub=Poliforum+Siqueiros&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Su%C3%A1rez+y+Su%C3%A1rez&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiding1971" class="citation cs2">Riding, Alan (June 20, 1971), "Siqueiros: Ten Years and a Polyforum Later", <i>New York Times</i>, pp. D22</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Siqueiros%3A+Ten+Years+and+a+Polyforum+Later&rft.pages=D22&rft.date=1971-06-20&rft.aulast=Riding&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchonberg1968" class="citation news cs1">Schonberg, Harold (November 21, 1968). "Siqueiros, 72, Doing Biggest Mural". <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Siqueiros%2C+72%2C+Doing+Biggest+Mural&rft.date=1968-11-21&rft.aulast=Schonberg&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogovin1969" class="citation journal cs1">Rogovin, Mark (1969). "The March of Humanity: An Expression in Public Art". <i>Rhode Island School of Design Alumni Bulletin</i>. <b>26</b>: 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhode+Island+School+of+Design+Alumni+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+March+of+Humanity%3A+An+Expression+in+Public+Art&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Rogovin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46-55&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327020429/http://polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx/htmls/conocenos/conocenos_01.html">"Polyforum Siqueiros | Conocenos | Nosotros"</a>. <i>polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx/htmls/conocenos/conocenos_01.html">the original</a> on 2015-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx&rft.atitle=Polyforum+Siqueiros+%7C+Conocenos+%7C+Nosotros&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolyforumsiqueiros.com.mx%2Fhtmls%2Fconocenos%2Fconocenos_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Folgarait-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Folgarait_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Folgarait_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Folgarait_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JYcwQAAACAAJ"><i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i></a>. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJYcwQAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310013554/http://polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx/htmls/foro/foro_01.html">"Polyforum Siqueiros | Foro Universal | Descripción"</a>. <i>polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx/htmls/foro/foro_01.html">the original</a> on 2015-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=polyforumsiqueiros.com.mx&rft.atitle=Polyforum+Siqueiros+%7C+Foro+Universal+%7C+Descripci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolyforumsiqueiros.com.mx%2Fhtmls%2Fforo%2Fforo_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolgarait1987" class="citation book cs1">Folgarait, Leonard (1987). <i>So Far From Heaven: David Alfaro Siqueiros' The March of Humanity and Mexican Revolutionary Politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521330610" title="Special:BookSources/0521330610"><bdi>0521330610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+Far+From+Heaven%3A+David+Alfaro+Siqueiros%27+The+March+of+Humanity+and+Mexican+Revolutionary+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=60-72&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0521330610&rft.aulast=Folgarait&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siqueirosfoundation.org/sample-page/">"What is SFA | Siqueiros Foundation of the Arts"</a>. <i>siqueirosfoundation.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=siqueirosfoundation.org&rft.atitle=What+is+SFA+%7C+Siqueiros+Foundation+of+the+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiqueirosfoundation.org%2Fsample-page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyforum+Cultural+Siqueiros" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elporvenir-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elporvenir_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Continuará en 2011 digitalización del Fondo Siqueiros" [The digitalization of the Siqueiros collection will continue into 2011]. <i>Azteca 21</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. 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Insurgentes">Glorieta de los Insurgentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_de_la_Bombilla" title="Parque de la Bombilla">Parque de la Bombilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_Hundido" title="Parque Hundido">Parque Hundido</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Buenavista" title="Forum Buenavista">Forum Buenavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas_Insurgentes" title="Galerías Insurgentes">Galerías Insurgentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgentes_300" title="Insurgentes 300">Insurgentes 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manacar" title="Manacar">Manacar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Universitario_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo" title="Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo">Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perisur" title="Perisur">Perisur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Insurgentes" title="Plaza Insurgentes">Plaza Insurgentes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforma_222" title="Reforma 222">Reforma 222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurante_Arroyo" title="Restaurante Arroyo">Restaurante Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_los_Insurgentes" title="Teatro de los Insurgentes">Teatro de los Insurgentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Insignia" title="Torre Insignia">Torre Insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Intercontinental" title="Universidad Intercontinental">Universidad Intercontinental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Mexico_City" title="World Trade Center Mexico City">World Trade Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formerly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenavista_railway_station_(old)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buenavista railway station (old)">Former Buenavista railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks, monuments<br />and statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Sereno_(sculpture)" title="El Sereno (sculpture)">El Sereno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumento_a_la_Raza_(Mexico_City)" title="Monumento a la Raza (Mexico City)">Monumento a la Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumento_a_los_Indios_Verdes" title="Monumento a los Indios Verdes">Monumento a los Indios Verdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumento_al_perro_callejero" title="Monumento al perro callejero">Monumento al perro callejero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_de_la_Amistad" title="Ruta de la Amistad">Ruta de la Amistad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nearby</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Vasconcelos" title="Biblioteca Vasconcelos">Biblioteca Vasconcelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Cuauht%C3%A9moc" title="Monument to Cuauhtémoc">Monument to Cuauhtémoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Monument" title="Mother's Monument">Mother's Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paseo_de_la_Reforma" title="Paseo de la Reforma">Paseo de la Reforma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_metro_station_(Mexico_City)" title="Revolución metro station (Mexico City)">Revolución metro station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenavista_metro_station" title="Buenavista metro station">Buenavista metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenavista_railway_station" title="Buenavista railway station">Buenavista railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilpancingo_metro_station" title="Chilpancingo metro station">Chilpancingo metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportivo_18_de_Marzo_metro_station" title="Deportivo 18 de Marzo metro station">Deportivo 18 de Marzo metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indios_Verdes_metro_station" title="Indios Verdes metro station">Indios Verdes metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgentes_metro_station" title="Insurgentes metro station">Insurgentes metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgentes_Sur_metro_station" title="Insurgentes Sur metro station">Insurgentes Sur metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Raza_metro_station" title="La Raza metro station">La Raza metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Metrob%C3%BAs_Line_1" title="Mexico City Metrobús Line 1">Mexico City Metrobús Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potrero_metro_station" title="Potrero metro station">Potrero metro station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Mexico_City_Metro_train_crash" title="2023 Mexico City Metro train crash">2023 Mexico City Metro train crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Hotel de México">Hotel de México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgentes_(album)" title="Insurgentes (album)"><i>Insurgentes</i> (Steven Wilson album)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benito_Juárez,_Mexico_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Mexico_City" title="Template:Benito Juárez, Mexico City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Mexico_City" title="Template talk:Benito Juárez, Mexico City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Mexico_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benito Juárez, Mexico City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benito_Juárez,_Mexico_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Mexico_City" title="Benito Juárez, Mexico City">Benito Juárez, Mexico City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_de_los_Deportes" title="Ciudad de los Deportes">Ciudad de los Deportes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Valle" title="Colonia del Valle">Del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Extremadura_Insurgentes" title="Colonia Extremadura Insurgentes">Extremadura Insurgentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Insurgentes_Mixcoac" title="Colonia Insurgentes Mixcoac">Insurgentes Mixcoac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Insurgentes_San_Borja" title="Colonia Insurgentes San Borja">Insurgentes San Borja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixcoac" title="Mixcoac">Mixcoac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_N%C3%A1poles" title="Colonia Nápoles">Nápoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Narvarte" title="Colonia Narvarte">Narvarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Noche_Buena" title="Colonia Noche Buena">Noche Buena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_Insurgentes" title="San José Insurgentes">San José Insurgentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_los_Pinos" title="San Pedro de los Pinos">San Pedro de los Pinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_San_Juan" title="Colonia San Juan">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoco" title="Xoco">Xoco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Suizo_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Colegio Suizo de México">Colegio Suizo de México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_la_Florida" title="Colegio la Florida">Colegio la Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_(Simon_Bolivar_University)" title="Colegio Simón Bolívar (Simon Bolivar University)">Colegio Simón Bolívar (USB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_La_Salle_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Colegio La Salle Simón Bolívar">Colegio La Salle Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Continent_School" title="New Continent School">New Continent School</a> <small>Campus Ciudad de México</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Williams" title="Colegio Williams">Colegio Williams</a> <small>Campus Mixcoac</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Mexicana_del_Valle_/_Americana" title="Escuela Mexicana del Valle / Americana">Escuela Mexicana del Valle / Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Sierra_Nevada" title="Escuela Sierra Nevada">Escuela Sierra Nevada</a> <small>Centro Educativo Nemi</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Alva_Edison_School" title="Tomás Alva Edison School">Tomás Alva Edison School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Instituto Simón Bolívar">Instituto Simón Bolívar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panamerican_University" title="Panamerican University">Panamerican University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_University_(Mexico)" title="Simón Bolívar University (Mexico)">Simón Bolívar University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Metro" title="Mexico City Metro">Mexico City Metro</a><br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coyoac%C3%A1n_metro_station" title="Coyoacán metro station">Coyoacán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_del_Norte_metro_station" title="División del Norte metro station">División del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eje_Central_metro_station" title="Eje Central metro station">Eje Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermita_metro_station" title="Ermita metro station">Ermita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiop%C3%ADa_/_Plaza_de_la_Transparencia_metro_station" title="Etiopía / Plaza de la Transparencia metro station">Etiopía / Plaza de la Transparencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_metro_station" title="Eugenia metro station">Eugenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_20_de_Noviembre_metro_station" title="Hospital 20 de Noviembre metro station">Hospital 20 de Noviembre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgentes_Sur_metro_station" title="Insurgentes Sur metro station">Insurgentes Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixcoac_metro_station" title="Mixcoac metro station">Mixcoac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativitas_metro_station" title="Nativitas metro station">Nativitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_de_los_Venados_metro_station" title="Parque de los Venados metro station">Parque de los Venados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portales_metro_station" title="Portales metro station">Portales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_los_Pinos_metro_station" title="San Pedro de los Pinos metro station">San Pedro de los Pinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaducto_metro_station" title="Viaducto metro station">Viaducto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Cort%C3%A9s_metro_station" title="Villa de Cortés metro station">Villa de Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xola_metro_station" title="Xola metro station">Xola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_metro_station" title="Zapata metro station">Zapata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Ciudad_de_los_Deportes" title="Estadio Ciudad de los Deportes">Estadio Ciudad de los Deportes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADtikah" title="Mítikah">Mítikah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Ciudad_de_los_Deportes" title="Estadio Ciudad de los Deportes">Estadio Ciudad de los Deportes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parque_Hundido" title="Parque Hundido">Parque Hundido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza México">Plaza México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Universidad" title="Plaza Universidad">Plaza Universidad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_AXA_M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="Torre AXA México">Torre AXA México</a> (formerly Mexicana de Aviación Tower)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Mexico_City" title="World Trade Center Mexico City">World Trade Center Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Mexico_City" title="Category:Benito Juárez, Mexico City">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mexican_muralism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_muralism" title="Template:Mexican muralism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mexican_muralism" title="Template talk:Mexican muralism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican_muralism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican muralism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mexican_muralism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution" title="History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution">History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution</a></i> (1929-1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Mexico_(mural)" title="The History of Mexico (mural)">The History of Mexico</a></i> (1929-1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(Orozco)" title="Prometheus (Orozco)">Prometheus</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Tropical:_Oprimida_y_Destrozada_por_los_Imperialismos" title="América Tropical: Oprimida y Destrozada por los Imperialismos">América Tropical: Oprimida y Destrozada por los Imperialismos</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Industry_Murals" title="Detroit Industry Murals">Detroit Industry Murals</a></i> (1932-1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epic_of_American_Civilization" title="The Epic of American Civilization">The Epic of American Civilization</a></i> (1932-1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_at_the_Crossroads" title="Man at the Crossroads">Man at the Crossroads</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Unity" title="Pan American Unity">Pan American Unity</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sue%C3%B1o_de_una_Tarde_Dominical_en_la_Alameda_Central" title="Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central">Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central</a></i> (1946-1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_and_Night_(painting)" title="Day and Night (painting)">Day and Night</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_(Rufino_Tamayo)" title="Still Life (Rufino Tamayo)">Still Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#La_Marcha_de_la_Humanidad_(The_March_of_Humanity)">La Marcha de la Humanidad</a></i> (1960s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Mural_Diego_Rivera" title="Museo Mural Diego Rivera">Museo Mural Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso_College" class="mw-redirect" title="San Ildefonso College">San Ildefonso College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Clemente_Orozco" title="José Clemente Orozco">José Clemente Orozco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ramos_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Alfredo Ramos Martínez">Alfredo Ramos Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Montenegro" title="Roberto Montenegro">Roberto Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Cant%C3%BA_Garza" title="Federico Cantú Garza">Federico Cantú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Leal_(artist)" title="Fernando Leal (artist)">Fernando Leal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufino_Tamayo" title="Rufino Tamayo">Rufino Tamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Camarena" title="Jorge González Camarena">Jorge González Camarena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Xochitiotzin" title="Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin">Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nel_G%C3%B3mez" title="Pedro Nel Gómez">Pedro Nel Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_O%27Gorman" title="Juan O'Gorman">Juan O'Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_O%27Higgins" title="Pablo O'Higgins">Pablo O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A1vez_Morado" title="José Chávez Morado">José Chávez Morado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charlot" title="Jean Charlot">Jean Charlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Alva_de_la_Canal" title="Ramón Alva de la Canal">Ramón Alva de la Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Anguiano" title="Raúl Anguiano">Raúl Anguiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amado_de_la_Cueva" title="Amado de la Cueva">Amado de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_Revueltas_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Fermín Revueltas Sánchez">Fermín Revueltas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Messeguer" title="Benito Messeguer">Benito Messeguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlady_Kibalchich_Russakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlady Kibalchich Russakov">Vlady Kibalchich Russakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Zalce" title="Alfredo Zalce">Alfredo Zalce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodriguez_Lozano" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Rodriguez Lozano">Manuel Rodriguez Lozano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Figueroa_Acosta" title="Jorge Figueroa Acosta">Jorge Figueroa Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Belkin" title="Arnold Belkin">Arnold Belkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_M%C3%A9rida" title="Carlos Mérida">Carlos Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Flores" title="Leopoldo Flores">Leopoldo Flores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265075#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152614280">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97004800">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007430622805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatre-architecture.eu/db/?theatreId=5411">EUTA theatre</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/260946214">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&params=19.39323_N_99.17343_W_region:MX-MEX_type:landmark_scale:2000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°23′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">99°10′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.39323°N 99.17343°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.39323; -99.17343</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&oldid=1192573597">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros&oldid=1192573597</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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Mexico">Modernist architecture in Mexico</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" 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