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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Palace of Cortés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palace_of_Cortés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fresco by Diego Rivera</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_Diego_Rivera,_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mural_Diego_Rivera%2C_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-Mural_Diego_Rivera%2C_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mural_Diego_Rivera%2C_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg/450px-Mural_Diego_Rivera%2C_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mural_Diego_Rivera%2C_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg/600px-Mural_Diego_Rivera%2C_Palacio_de_Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>View of the corridor inside Palace of Cortés with Rivera's <i>Conquest of Mexico, History of Cuernavaca and Morelos</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution</b></i> (1929–1930) was a fresco painted by Mexican artist <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Cort%C3%A9s,_Cuernavaca" title="Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca">Palace of Cortés</a>. The piece was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Morrow" title="Dwight Morrow">Dwight Morrow</a>, U.S. Ambassador to Mexico at the time. </p><p>Rivera chose the history of Mexico's conquest for the subject of the mural. The mural begins with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">invasion of Mexico by the Spanish</a>, going in chronological order of Mexico's history from that invasion. Rivera chose to focus on the region of Cuernavaca, as that was the mural's location, and the Indigenous peoples of that region, showing their reactions towards the Spaniards' invasion and the events that took place afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is still available for viewing inside the Palace of Cortés in Cuernavaca today. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About_the_artist">About the artist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: About the artist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frida_Kahlo_Diego_Rivera_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Frida_Kahlo_Diego_Rivera_1932.jpg/195px-Frida_Kahlo_Diego_Rivera_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Frida_Kahlo_Diego_Rivera_1932.jpg/293px-Frida_Kahlo_Diego_Rivera_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Frida_Kahlo_Diego_Rivera_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Diego Rivera with wife Frida Kahlo (left), 1932</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a> was a well-known artist from <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. He was born in <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and began studying art at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_San_Carlos" title="Academy of San Carlos">Academy of San Carlos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> by the age of ten. In his adult years, Rivera spent time studying art in Europe both in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France. While there, he spent time with other artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Ehrenburg" title="Ilya Ehrenburg">Ilya Ehrenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Max Jacob</a>, learning new styles of art. Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 and then began his career in muralism. </p><p>Coming back to Mexico during the middle of its political revolution, Rivera was drawn in by then Mexican Secretary of Education, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vasconcelos" title="José Vasconcelos">José Vasconcelos</a>, who called him to create paintings on the walls of prominent state buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rivera then began to partake in the muralist movement, creating works dealing with the political issues of the time – revolutionary nationalism – in relation to Mexico's past and quickly becoming one of the most well known artists of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a> movement, with many considering Rivera's pieces to be unforgettable, as they stick within the minds and hearts of those that see them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many murals that Rivera is known for. Some of his earlier murals include those at <a href="/wiki/Chapingo" title="Chapingo">Chapingo</a> Chapel and those at the Ministry of Education (<a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Public_Education_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of Public Education (Mexico)">Secretariat of Public Education</a>). Both of these works focused on revolutionary ideas of the time and the timeline of the Mexican revolution itself. One of his later works, located at the <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Mexico)" title="National Palace (Mexico)">National Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> and titled <i>History of Mexico</i>, incorporates an illustration of Mexico's history with an illustration of the revolution currently taken place. Rivera also incorporated communist and socialist imagery into the mural, as he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Communist_Party" title="Mexican Communist Party">Mexican Communist Party</a> after returning to Mexico. Later, however, he was told to leave the party due to his affiliations and workings with the United States and the Mexican government.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palace_of_Cortés"><span id="Palace_of_Cort.C3.A9s"></span>Palace of Cortés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Palace of Cortés"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG/234px-Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG" decoding="async" width="234" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG/351px-Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG/468px-Cuernavaca_Palacio_Cortes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Palace of Cortés in Cuernavaca, Mexico</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Cort%C3%A9s,_Cuernavaca" title="Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca">Palace of Cortés</a> was built as a place of refuge for Conquistador Hernán Cortés and his family after the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish. The land was gifted to Cortés which he then used to build his secondary palace. Construction dates are estimated between the late 1520s and early 1530s. It was used as the Cortés family's personal home for some time and then was transformed into a prison, state legislature, and eventually into a museum, which it remains as currently.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commission">Commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_Morrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dwight_Morrow.jpg/172px-Dwight_Morrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Dwight_Morrow.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Dwight Morrow, United States Ambassador to Mexico</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Morrow" title="Dwight Morrow">Dwight Morrow</a>, U.S. Ambassador to Mexico from 1927 to 1930, commissioned Rivera to do the piece in 1929. It was meant to represent an act of good will and good intention towards Mexico and the city of Cuernavaca.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some believe it to be a strategic move of diplomacy after Morrow had worked with Mexican president, <a href="/wiki/Plutarco_El%C3%ADas_Calles" title="Plutarco Elías Calles">Plutarco Calles</a>, to amend Mexican legislation in favor of American investors.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rivera agreed to complete the commission, on the condition that he be granted free rein over the subject chosen for the mural. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG/291px-SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG" decoding="async" width="291" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG/437px-SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG/582px-SectionMuralPalacioCV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption> <i>The History of Cuernavaca and Morelos – Crossing the Barranca</i> </figcaption></figure> <p>The mural is a linear portrayal of Mexico's history, focusing on the city of Cuernavaca, painted in a chronological sequence. Because of the chronological sequence Rivera painted it in, the mural must be read from right to left.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It takes up three walls and other smaller sections of an open corridor on the second floor of the palace, totaling 148.6 square meters of painted space. The mural ultimately has two different sections – the upper half, being the nine panels in color, and the lower half, being the eleven <a href="/wiki/Grisaille" title="Grisaille">grisailles</a> in black and white or grey. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg/220px-Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg/330px-Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg/440px-Zapata_and_His_Horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><i>The History of Cuernavaca and Morelos – Zapata's Horse</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The grisailles pieces underneath tell the story of Cortés' disembarkation and his initial meetings with the Indian locals and emissaries sent out by <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma</a>, as well as a paralleled representation of the story shown above. The remaining portions of the mural, in vivid color, go in detail about the actual conquest of the Mexican people in Cuernavaca as well as the fights and societal changes which took place after the conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting from the first panel, Rivera shows the fights which took place during the Spanish conquest. He portrays Aztec warriors and Spanish soldiers in their traditional war gear, showing the stark contrast between the metal uniforms of the Spaniards and the colorful war costumes of the Aztecs with their spiked wooden clubs. The mural moves on to show the defeat of the Indians in Cuernavaca and the events which took place afterwards, during Spanish rule. Rivera depicts the building of the Palace of Cortés by Indian slaves and then shows them as laborers for the Spanish ruled state of Morelos, in which they were predominantly sugarcane cutters. </p><p>Rivera then proceeds to show the religious history and details the conversions by Catholic priests which took place throughout Mexico. The conversions are shown to be seemingly peaceful but also show the cruelty behind such conversions and what happened to the Indians throughout them. In the smaller piece above the doorway towards the end of the corridor, Rivera depicts persecutions and burning of Indian heretics by the Spanish, which mirrors the Aztec sacrifices that Rivera placed at the beginning of the mural. The last panel shows an image of <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata" title="Emiliano Zapata">Emiliano Zapata</a> – a main and important figure in the Mexican revolution – depicting liberation from Spanish colonial rule.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rivera made sure that he could choose the subject of this mural. Because he was working on his mural for the National Palace at the time, he decided to continue with his theme of Mexico's history in relation to Spanish conquest and the hardships natives endured because of it.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rivera portrays the dominance of the Spanish over the Indians in warfare and the violence which the Indians endured. Although the mural focuses on the accurate depiction of Mexico's history and its people's experiences with European conquest, it also is meant to show the nationalism of the Mexican people who were affected by such conquest. Through Rivera's idealistic depiction of Mexico and a darker, more negative depiction of the European world, one can see a message of Mexican integrity. In Rivera's opinion, the indigenous peoples were a perfect picture of resistance against colonialism and Mexican independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the subject of the mural and the backstory of its commission, there are many political interpretations of Rivera's work. A major political message throughout the mural is that of European invasion of Mexico and its culture. Rivera uses the influence of Italian renaissance compositional form, such as the grisailles, to show that European existed in the past and still currently exists. Rivera placed a small painting of an Aztec human sacrifice at the beginning of the corridor in order to allude to the brutalities committed by Spanish invaders, showing the exchange of Mexican culture's cruelty for the cruelty of Spanish culture. However, the final images of Zapata symbolize Mexico's liberation from Europe and colonialism.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_and_irony">Controversy and irony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Controversy and irony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to working on this piece, Rivera was a steady member of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Communist_Party" title="Mexican Communist Party">Mexican Communist Party</a>. He was a strong supporter of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and a strong nationalist and anti-imperialist. Rivera's murals were known for having heavy political connotations with references to Marx and other revolutionary figures. Despite this, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Morrow" title="Dwight Morrow">Dwight Morrow</a>, the U.S. Ambassador and an American capitalistic, commissioned Rivera for the piece. Because of Rivera's agreement to complete this project and others within the United States and for the Mexican government, the Mexican Communist Party began to doubt his loyalty to their cause. They ultimately kicked Rivera out of the party and he later went to the U.S. in order to work on other pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Diego_Rivera" title="List of works by Diego Rivera">List of works by Diego Rivera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Morelos,_Conquest_and_Revolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSouter2007" class="citation book cs1">Souter, Gerry (2007). <i>Diego Rivera: His Art and His Passions</i>. New York: Parkstone Press International. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1859956977" title="Special:BookSources/978-1859956977"><bdi>978-1859956977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diego+Rivera%3A+His+Art+and+His+Passions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Parkstone+Press+International&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1859956977&rft.aulast=Souter&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Frescoes of Diego Rivera</i>. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace & Co. 1929. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frescoes+of+Diego+Rivera&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+Co.&rft.date=1929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all-art.org/art_20th_century/rivera3b.html">"Art of the 20th Century: Diego Rivera"</a>. <i>All-Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All-Art&rft.atitle=Art+of+the+20th+Century%3A+Diego+Rivera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-art.org%2Fart_20th_century%2Frivera3b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicanarchitecture.org/glossary/index.php?building=40">"Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 16th Century"</a>. <i>Mexican Architecture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mexican+Architecture&rft.atitle=Palace+of+Cort%C3%A9s%2C+Cuernavaca%2C+Morelos%2C+16th+Century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicanarchitecture.org%2Fglossary%2Findex.php%3Fbuilding%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRochfort1998" class="citation book cs1">Rochfort, Desmond (1998). <i>Mexican Muralists: Orozco, Rivera, Siqueros</i>. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. pp. 93–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0811819282" title="Special:BookSources/978-0811819282"><bdi>978-0811819282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mexican+Muralists%3A+Orozco%2C+Rivera%2C+Siqueros&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=93-99&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0811819282&rft.aulast=Rochfort&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez1991" class="citation book cs1">Rodriguez, Antonio (1991). <i>Diego Rivera: Mural Painting</i>. Mexico: Fondo Editorial de la Plastica Mexicana. pp. 87–93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9686658088" title="Special:BookSources/978-9686658088"><bdi>978-9686658088</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diego+Rivera%3A+Mural+Painting&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pages=87-93&rft.pub=Fondo+Editorial+de+la+Plastica+Mexicana&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-9686658088&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSautie2017" class="citation web cs1">Sautie, Madeleine (1 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.granma.cu/cultura/2017-06-01/conquista-revolucion-y-verdores-lejanos-01-06-2017-22-06-34">"Conquest, Revolution... and Distant Verities"</a>. <i>GRANMA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GRANMA&rft.atitle=Conquest%2C+Revolution...+and+Distant+Verities&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft.aulast=Sautie&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.granma.cu%2Fcultura%2F2017-06-01%2Fconquista-revolucion-y-verdores-lejanos-01-06-2017-22-06-34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Morelos%2C+Conquest+and+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diego_Rivera" title="Template:Diego Rivera"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diego_Rivera" title="Template talk:Diego Rivera"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diego_Rivera" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diego Rivera"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diego_Rivera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Diego_Rivera" title="List of works by Diego Rivera">List of works</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution</a></i> (1929–1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Mexico_(mural)" title="The History of Mexico (mural)">The History of Mexico</a></i> (1929–1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Unity" title="Pan American Unity">Pan American Unity</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sue%C3%B1o_de_una_Tarde_Dominical_en_la_Alameda_Central" title="Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central">Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central</a></i> (1946–1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frescoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Industry_Murals" title="Detroit Industry Murals">Detroit Industry Murals</a></i> (1932–1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_at_the_Crossroads" title="Man at the Crossroads">Man at the Crossroads</a></i> (1933, 1934)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rivals_(painting)" title="The Rivals (painting)">The Rivals</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zapata_(lithograph)" title="Zapata (lithograph)">Zapata</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Victory" title="Glorious Victory">Glorious Victory</a></i> (1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anahuacalli_Museum" title="Anahuacalli Museum">Anahuacalli Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo_Museum" title="Frida Kahlo Museum">Frida Kahlo Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Dolores_Olmedo" title="Museo Dolores Olmedo">Museo Dolores Olmedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Mural_Diego_Rivera" title="Museo Mural Diego Rivera">Museo Mural Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Diego_Rivera" title="Pinacoteca Diego Rivera">Pinacoteca Diego Rivera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural<br />depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frieda_and_Diego_Rivera" title="Frieda and Diego Rivera">Frieda and Diego Rivera</a></i> (1931 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Fridas" title="The Two Fridas">The Two Fridas</a></i> (1939 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diego_and_I" title="Diego and I">Diego and I</a></i> (1949 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Embrace_of_the_Universe,_the_Earth_(Mexico),_Myself,_Diego,_and_Se%C3%B1or_Xolotl" title="The Love Embrace of the Universe, the Earth (Mexico), Myself, Diego, and Señor Xolotl">The Love Embrace</a></i> (1949 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frida_Still_Life" title="Frida Still Life">Frida Still Life</a></i> (1983 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frida_(opera)" title="Frida (opera)">Frida</a></i> (1991 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diego_et_Frida" title="Diego et Frida">Diego et Frida</a></i> (1993 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cradle_Will_Rock" title="Cradle Will Rock">Cradle Will Rock</a></i> (1999 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frida_(2002_film)" title="Frida (2002 film)">Frida</a></i> (2002 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broken_Wings_(ballet)" title="Broken Wings (ballet)">Broken Wings</a></i> (2016 ballet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frida_(2024_film)" title="Frida (2024 film)">Frida</a></i> (2024 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Beloff" title="Angelina Beloff">Angelina Beloff </a> (1st wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Guadalupe Marín">Guadalupe Marín</a> (2nd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a> (3rd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Vorobieff" title="Marie Vorobieff">Marie Vorobieff</a> (conjugal partner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marika_Rivera" title="Marika Rivera">Marika Rivera</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rivera_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Ruth Rivera Marín">Ruth Rivera Marín</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Kahlo" title="Cristina Kahlo">Cristina Kahlo</a> (model and sister-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Modotti" title="Tina Modotti">Tina Modotti</a> (model)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera_Gallery" title="Diego Rivera Gallery">Diego Rivera Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mexican_muralism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_muralism" title="Template:Mexican muralism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mexican_muralism" title="Template talk:Mexican muralism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican_muralism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican muralism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mexican_muralism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution</a></i> (1929-1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Mexico_(mural)" title="The History of Mexico (mural)">The History of Mexico</a></i> (1929-1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(Orozco)" title="Prometheus (Orozco)">Prometheus</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Tropical:_Oprimida_y_Destrozada_por_los_Imperialismos" title="América Tropical: Oprimida y Destrozada por los Imperialismos">América Tropical: Oprimida y Destrozada por los Imperialismos</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Industry_Murals" title="Detroit Industry Murals">Detroit Industry Murals</a></i> (1932-1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epic_of_American_Civilization" title="The Epic of American Civilization">The Epic of American Civilization</a></i> (1932-1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_at_the_Crossroads" title="Man at the Crossroads">Man at the Crossroads</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Unity" title="Pan American Unity">Pan American Unity</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sue%C3%B1o_de_una_Tarde_Dominical_en_la_Alameda_Central" title="Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central">Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central</a></i> (1946-1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_and_Night_(painting)" title="Day and Night (painting)">Day and Night</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_(Rufino_Tamayo)" title="Still Life (Rufino Tamayo)">Still Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polyforum_Cultural_Siqueiros#La_Marcha_de_la_Humanidad_(The_March_of_Humanity)" title="Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros">La Marcha de la Humanidad</a></i> (1960s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Mural_Diego_Rivera" title="Museo Mural Diego Rivera">Museo Mural Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso_College" class="mw-redirect" title="San Ildefonso College">San Ildefonso College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Clemente_Orozco" title="José Clemente Orozco">José Clemente Orozco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ramos_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Alfredo Ramos Martínez">Alfredo Ramos Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Montenegro" title="Roberto Montenegro">Roberto Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Cant%C3%BA_Garza" title="Federico Cantú Garza">Federico Cantú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Leal_(artist)" title="Fernando Leal (artist)">Fernando Leal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufino_Tamayo" title="Rufino Tamayo">Rufino Tamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Camarena" title="Jorge González Camarena">Jorge González Camarena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Xochitiotzin" title="Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin">Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nel_G%C3%B3mez" title="Pedro Nel Gómez">Pedro Nel Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_O%27Gorman" title="Juan O'Gorman">Juan O'Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_O%27Higgins" title="Pablo O'Higgins">Pablo O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A1vez_Morado" title="José Chávez Morado">José Chávez Morado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charlot" title="Jean Charlot">Jean Charlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Alva_de_la_Canal" title="Ramón Alva de la Canal">Ramón Alva de la Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Anguiano" title="Raúl Anguiano">Raúl Anguiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amado_de_la_Cueva" title="Amado de la Cueva">Amado de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_Revueltas_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Fermín Revueltas Sánchez">Fermín Revueltas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Messeguer" title="Benito Messeguer">Benito Messeguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlady_Kibalchich_Russakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlady Kibalchich Russakov">Vlady Kibalchich Russakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Zalce" title="Alfredo Zalce">Alfredo Zalce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodriguez_Lozano" class="mw-redirect" 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