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id="toc-Insurgency_in_Algeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insurgency_in_Algeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Insurgency in Algeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insurgency_in_Algeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadening_of_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadening_of_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Broadening of conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadening_of_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mauritania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Tunisia </div> </a> <ul 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vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline of events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2002 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2003 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2004 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2005 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2006 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 2007 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 2008 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 2009 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 2013 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.15 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.16 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.17 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.18 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.19 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.20 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" > 19 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_(2002%E2%80%93%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86)" title="التمرد في المغرب العربي (2002–حتى الآن) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التمرد في المغرب العربي (2002–حتى الآن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurxencia_nel_Magreb" title="Insurxencia nel Magreb – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Insurxencia nel Magreb" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B2_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)-%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2)" title="مغریب عوصیانی (۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)-گۆنوموز) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مغریب عوصیانی (۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)-گۆنوموز)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Канфлікт у Магрыбе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канфлікт у Магрыбе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgencia_en_el_Magreb" title="Insurgencia en el Magreb – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Insurgencia en el Magreb" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurekcio_en_Magrebo_(2002-nune)" title="Insurekcio en Magrebo (2002-nune) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Insurekcio en Magrebo (2002-nune)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiar_insurjentzia_Ipar_Afrikan_(2002-_)" title="Islamiar insurjentzia Ipar Afrikan (2002- ) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islamiar insurjentzia Ipar Afrikan (2002- )" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B2%E2%80%93%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86)" title="شورش در مغرب (۲۰۰۲–اکنون) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورش در مغرب (۲۰۰۲–اکنون)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EB%B8%8C_%EB%B0%98%EB%9E%80_(2002%EB%85%84~%ED%98%84%EC%9E%AC)" title="마그레브 반란 (2002년~현재) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마그레브 반란 (2002년~현재)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_di_Maghrib_(2002%E2%80%93sekarang)" title="Pemberontakan di Maghrib (2002–sekarang) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemberontakan di Maghrib (2002–sekarang)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrezione_islamica_nel_Maghreb" title="Insurrezione islamica nel Maghreb – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Insurrezione islamica nel Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%91_(2002-%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94)" title="המרד במגרב (2002-הווה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המרד במגרב (2002-הווה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrebi_felkel%C3%A9s" title="Magrebi felkelés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magrebi felkelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_Islam_Algeria_2002-2007" title="Pemberontakan Islam Algeria 2002-2007 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemberontakan Islam Algeria 2002-2007" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurg%C3%AAncia_isl%C3%A2mica_no_Magrebe" title="Insurgência islâmica no Magrebe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Insurgência islâmica no Magrebe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Конфликт в Магрибе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конфликт в Магрибе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%9Frip_%C4%B0syan%C4%B1_(2002-g%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCz)" title="Mağrip İsyanı (2002-günümüz) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mağrip İsyanı (2002-günümüz)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Ісламське повстання в Магрибі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісламське повстання в Магрибі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%9B%E4%B9%B1" title="马格里布叛乱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马格里布叛乱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q632787#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Islamist insurgency in the Maghreb</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_GSPC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mapa_GSPC.svg/350px-Mapa_GSPC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mapa_GSPC.svg/525px-Mapa_GSPC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mapa_GSPC.svg/700px-Mapa_GSPC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> Map showing <a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat</a> area of operations (pink), member states of the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Sahel_Initiative" title="Pan Sahel Initiative">Pan Sahel Initiative</a> (dark blue), and members of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_Counterterrorism_Initiative" title="Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative">Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative</a> (dark and light blue) as of 2011.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><a href="/wiki/Ghriba_synagogue_bombing" title="Ghriba synagogue bombing">11 April 2002</a> – present (22 years, 7 months)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> desert<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_military_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ongoing military conflicts">Ongoing</a> <ul><li>Insurgency in Algeria spreads through the Maghreb and <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">in the Sahel</a></li> <li>Islamic State and Al-Qaeda are defeated in Algeria, fighters flee into the Sahel</li> <li>US-led <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara</a> initiated in 2007</li> <li>Islamists capture northern Mali in 2012, engaging in a <a href="/wiki/Mali_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali Civil War">civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaambi_Operations" title="Chaambi Operations">Chaambi Operations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Tunisia" title="Islamic State insurgency in Tunisia">IS insurgency</a> in Tunisia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">IS</a> captures territory in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a>, largely fought back by 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict">Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian-1">[1]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Multi-national coalitions:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a><a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> (until 2023) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a><a href="#cite_note-france-3">[3]</a> (from 2013) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM Mali</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supported by:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-4">[4]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">AFRICOM</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Flintlock-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-Flintlock-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Flintlock-5">[5]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-4">[4]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and allies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a> (from 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Tunisia)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)">Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)</a> (from 2011)<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi_Brigade" title="Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade">Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade</a> (2012-14)<a href="#cite_note-ctc230613-17">[17]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">GSPC</a> (until 2007) <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)</a> (2012–17) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Salafia_Jihadia" title="Salafia Jihadia">Salafia Jihadia</a><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian-1">[1]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (from 2014) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Libya">Libyan Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Wilayat al-Jazair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahel Province</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/23px-ShababFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/35px-ShababFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/45px-ShababFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi_Brigade" title="Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade">Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade</a> (from 2014)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Show list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a> (from 2019) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Nadir Larbaoui</a> (from 2023) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a> (from 2019) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Mokhtar Ould Djay</a> (from 2024) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a> (from 2019) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Kamel Madouri</a> (from 2024) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a> (from 2021) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh</a> (from 2021) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a> (from 2021) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulaye_Ma%C3%AFga_(officer)" title="Abdoulaye Maïga (officer)">Abdoulaye Maïga</a> (from 2024) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a> (from 2023) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Ali Lamine Zeine</a> (from 2023) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_Deby_Itno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahamat Deby Itno">Mahamat Deby Itno</a> (from 2021) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (from 2017) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a> (from 2024) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/King_Mohammed_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King Mohammed VI">King Mohammed VI</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Aziz Akhannouch</a> (from 2021) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> (from 2014) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (from 2021) </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amari_Saifi" title="Amari Saifi">Amari Saifi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Sahraoui" title="Nabil Sahraoui">Nabil Sahraoui</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_Yusef_al-Annabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ubaidah Yusef al-Annabi">Abu Ubaidah Yusef al-Annabi</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_State_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-19">[19]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al_Tilemsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed al Tilemsi">Ahmed al Tilemsi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-MUJ-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seifallah_Ben_Hassine" title="Seifallah Ben Hassine">Seifallah Ben Hassine</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Mohamed al-Zahawi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> (Leader of IS) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Total armed forces (unless specified): <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>: 520,000 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>: 15,870 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>: 45,000; 6,000 deployed in Chaambi<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>: 35,000 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: 5,100 deployed in the Sahel<a href="#cite_note-ledauphine-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-23">[23]</a> Supported by: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: 1,325+ advisors, trainers<a href="#cite_note-Atlas_Accord-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-African_Lion-25">[25]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a> (former GSPC): 1,000<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>–4,000<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Tunisia)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)">Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)</a>: 1,000<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Sharia_%28Libya%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)</a>: 5,000+<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jihad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salafia_Jihadia" title="Salafia Jihadia">Salafia Jihadia</a>: 700+<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Libya">Libyan Province</a>: 5,000<a href="#cite_note-nyt2feb-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>–10,000<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Khilafah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jund al-Khilafah">Wilayat al-Jazair</a>: <30<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> Major conflict casualties: <ul><li>2002: 1,100+ killed in Algeria<a href="#cite_note-LAT03-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-freedom03-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-2002algeria-40">[40]</a></li> <li>2003: 1,162 killed in Algeria<a href="#cite_note-Bergner-41">[41]</a></li> <li>2004: 429 killed in Algeria<a href="#cite_note-Bergner-41">[41]</a></li> <li>2005: 488 killed in Algeria<a href="#cite_note-Bergner-41">[41]</a></li> <li>2006: 323 killed in Algeria<a href="#cite_note-Bergner-41">[41]</a></li></ul> Algeria: 5,000+ total killed (2002–11)<a href="#cite_note-UCA-42">[42]</a> Libya: 10,071+ killed (<a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2014–present)">2014–18</a>),<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> 20,000+ wounded (<a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2014–present)">as of May 2015</a>)<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/2003_Casablanca_bombings" title="2003 Casablanca bombings">Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9tif_offensive" title="Sétif offensive">Sétif</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_El-Kseur" title="Operation El-Kseur">El-Kseur</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_El_Mreiti_base_attack" title="2005 El Mreiti base attack">El Mreiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Tidjelabine_bombing" title="2005 Tidjelabine bombing">Tidjelabine</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006–2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Tidjelabine_bombing" title="2006 Tidjelabine bombing">Tidjelabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Boudouaou_bombing" title="2006 Boudouaou bombing">Boudouaou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932007_Tunisia_clashes" title="2006–2007 Tunisia clashes">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliman_shooting" title="Soliman shooting">Soliman</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF Trans Sahara</a> (since 2007)</dt></dl> <ul><li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Souk_El_Had_bombing" title="2007 Souk El Had bombing">Souk El Had</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Casablanca_bombings" title="2007 Casablanca bombings">Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_April_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="11 April 2007 Algiers bombings">Algiers (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Batna_bombing" title="2007 Batna bombing">Batna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Dellys_bombing" title="2007 Dellys bombing">Dellys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11,_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 11, 2007 Algiers bombings">Algiers (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_killing_of_French_tourists_in_Mauritania" title="2007 killing of French tourists in Mauritania">Aleg</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Naciria_bombing" title="2008 Naciria bombing">Naciria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Th%C3%A9nia_bombing" title="2008 Thénia bombing">Thénia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Beni_Amrane_bombings" title="2008 Beni Amrane bombings">Beni Amrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 attack on the Israeli embassy in Mauritania">Israeli embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Zemmouri_bombing" title="2008 Zemmouri bombing">Zemmouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Issers_bombing" title="2008 Issers bombing">Issers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garn-Akassa" title="Battle of Garn-Akassa">Garn-Akassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Algerian_military_ambush" title="2009 Algerian military ambush">Bordj Bou Arréridj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Araouane_(2009)" title="Battle of Araouane (2009)">Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nouakchott_suicide_bombing" title="2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing">Nouakchott</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Tidjelabine_bombing" title="2010 Tidjelabine bombing">Tidjelabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Ammal_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Ammal bombing">Ammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Akla" title="Raid on Akla">Akla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2010_Baghlia_bombing" title="August 2010 Baghlia bombing">Baghlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Areich_Hind" title="Battle of Areich Hind">Areich Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Bordj_Mena%C3%AFel_bombing" title="2010 Bordj Menaïel bombing">Bordj Menaïel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Marrakech_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Marrakech bombing">Marrakesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2011)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2011)">Wagadou Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassikounou" title="Battle of Bassikounou">Bassikounou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Timbuktu_kidnapping" title="2011 Timbuktu kidnapping">Timbuktu</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Th%C3%A9nia_bombing" title="2012 Thénia bombing">Thénia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Baghlia_bombing" title="2012 Baghlia bombing">Baghlia</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Amenas_hostage_crisis" title="In Amenas hostage crisis">In Amenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadez_and_Arlit_attacks" title="Agadez and Arlit attacks">Agadez & Arlit</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongo_Tongo_ambush" title="Tongo Tongo ambush">Tongo Tongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ayorou_attack" title="2017 Ayorou attack">Ayorou</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inates" title="Battle of Inates">Inates</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2020 Tillabéri attacks">Tillabéri (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kour%C3%A9_shooting" title="Kouré shooting">Kouré</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">Factional violence in Libya</a> (2011–2014)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Benghazi_conflict" title="2013 Benghazi conflict">Benghazi (2013)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (since 2012)</dt></dl> <ul><li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">Tuareg rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Azawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Azawad">Azawad</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval">Serval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Bamako_shooting" title="March 2015 Bamako shooting">Bamako (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">Bamako (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Kidal_attack" title="November 2015 Kidal attack">Kidal</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_March_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in March 2016">Bamako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nampala_attack" title="2016 Nampala attack">Nampala</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of In-Delimane">In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Gao_bombing" title="2017 Gao bombing">Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Bamako_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2017 Bamako attack">Bamako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkadogotane_ambush" title="Inkadogotane ambush">Inkadogotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_August_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in August 2017">Timbuktu</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_January_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in January 2018">Mopti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araouane_clashes" title="Araouane clashes">Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINUSMA_super_camp_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSMA super camp attack">MINUSMA camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_April_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in April 2018">Ménaka (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_May_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in May 2018">Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabarde" title="Battle of Tabarde">Tabarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_September_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in September 2018">Amalaoulaou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_December_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in December 2018">Ménaka (Dec)</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_January_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents in January 2019">Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogossagou_massacre" title="Ogossagou massacre">Ogossagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobane_Da_massacre" title="Sobane Da massacre">Sobane Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indelimane_attack" title="2019 Indelimane attack">Indelimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_M%C3%A9naka_mid-air_collision" title="2019 Ménaka mid-air collision">Ménaka</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Talahandak">Talahandak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">N'daw coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2020)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2020)">Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Ag_Moussa" title="Ba Ag Moussa">Tadamakat</a></li></ul></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_wedding_airstrike" title="Mali wedding airstrike">Bounti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Goïta coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopti_bus_massacre" title="Mopti bus massacre">Mopti</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangu%C3%A8r%C3%A8_Wotoro_massacre" title="Danguèrè Wotoro massacre">Danguèrè Wotoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mondoro_attack" title="2022 Mondoro attack">Mondoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moura_massacre" title="Moura massacre">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hombori_massacre" title="Hombori massacre">Hombori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">2nd Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bankass_massacres" title="2022 Bankass massacres">Bankass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Tessit_attack" title="2022 Tessit attack">3rd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bandiagara_highway_bombing" title="2022 Bandiagara highway bombing">Bandiagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Islamic_State-Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2022 Islamic State-Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashes">Tadjalalt and Haroum</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Chaambi_Operations" title="Chaambi Operations">Chaambi Operations</a> (2012–2019)</dt></dl> <ul><li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Chaambi_Mountains_attack" title="2014 Chaambi Mountains attack">Chaambi Mountains</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Barkhane</a> (2014-2022)</dt></dl> <ul><li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ouagadougou_attacks" title="2016 Ouagadougou attacks">Ouagadougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Grand-Bassam_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Grand-Bassam shootings">Grand-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassoumbou_attack" title="Nassoumbou attack">Nassoumbou</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ouagadougou_attack" title="2017 Ouagadougou attack">Ouagadougou</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Ouagadougou_attacks" title="2018 Ouagadougou attacks">Ouagadougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tongo-Tongo_(2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Tongo-Tongo (2018)">2nd Tongo-Tongo</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso_hostage_rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkina Faso hostage rescue">Gorom-Gorom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmatenga_attacks" title="Sanmatenga attacks">Sanmatenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmane_gold_mine_attack" title="Dolmane gold mine attack">Dolmane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso_mosque_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkina Faso mosque attack">Oudalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pob%C3%A9_Mengao_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobé Mengao shooting">Pobé Mengao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Fada_N%27gourma_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Fada N'gourma attack">Fada N'gourma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbinda_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbinda attack">Arbinda</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pansi_church_shooting" title="Pansi church shooting">Pansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Fada_N%27Gourma_shooting" title="2020 Fada N'Gourma shooting">Fada N'gourma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Talahandak">Talahandak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2020)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2020)">Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Toumour_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Toumour attacks">Toumour</a></li></ul></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodyel_attack" title="Kodyel attack">Kodyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solhan_and_Tadaryat_massacres" title="Solhan and Tadaryat massacres">Solhan and Tadaryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inata,_Burkina_Faso" title="Inata, Burkina Faso">Inata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Seytenga_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Seytenga massacre">Seytenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Namsiguia_bombing" title="2022 Namsiguia bombing">Namssiguia</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Djibo" title="Siege of Djibo">Djibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Bam_ambush" title="August 2022 Bam ambush">Bam</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a> (2014–2020)</dt></dl> <ul><li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dignity_Battle_(Benghazi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Dignity Battle (Benghazi)">3rd Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%9316)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derna campaign (2014–16)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–present)">4th Benghazi</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Copts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">1st Tripoli (Corinthia Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">1st Sirte</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Bin_Jawad_(2016)" title="Fall of Bin Jawad (2016)">Bin Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata_ambush" title="Misrata ambush">Misrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">2nd Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Derna" title="Siege of Derna">Derna</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">2nd Tripoli (HNEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Battle of Derna (2018–2019)">2nd Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_National_Oil_Corporation_attack" title="2018 National Oil Corporation attack">3rd Tripoli (NOC)</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Western_Libya_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Western Libya offensive">Western Libya offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Tunisia">Tunisia</a> (2015–2022)</dt></dl> <ul><li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">1st Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">2nd Tunis</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tunis_bombings" title="2019 Tunis bombings">3rd Tunis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> An <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a> is taking place in the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> region of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, followed on from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-CTC_2021-47">[47]</a> The Algerian militant group <a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat</a> (GSPC) allied itself with <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> to eventually become <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (AQIM).<a href="#cite_note-NYT-48">[48]</a> The Algerian and other Maghreb governments fighting the militants have worked with the United States and the United Kingdom since 2007, when <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara</a> began.<a href="#cite_note-Flintlock-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-af.reuters.com-49">[49]</a> While the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> affected support for the insurgency, it also presented military opportunities for the <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stanford-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 2012, AQIM and Islamist allies <a href="/wiki/Mali_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali Civil War">captured the northern half of Mali</a>. They held the territory for almost a year, until being forced out of the urban areas during a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval">French-led foreign intervention</a>, which was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>-wide <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-19">[19]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> was able to control some limited territory during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a>, amid allegations of local collaboration with its AQIM rival.<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-aqimisil-54">[54]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></div> With the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Islamic_Group_of_Algeria" title="Armed Islamic Group of Algeria">Armed Islamic Group of Algeria</a> (GIA), the GSPC was left as the most active rebel group, with about 300 fighters in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> It continued an <a href="/wiki/Assassination_campaign" title="Assassination campaign">assassination campaign</a> of police and army personnel in its area, and also managed to expand into the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, where its southern division, led by <a href="/wiki/Amari_Saifi" title="Amari Saifi">Amari Saifi</a> (nicknamed "Abderrezak el-Para", the "paratrooper"), kidnapped a number of German tourists in 2003, before being forced to flee to sparsely populated areas of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, where he was captured. Some believe that el-Para actually works for the Algerian government. By late 2003, the group's founder had been supplanted by the even more radical <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Sahraoui" title="Nabil Sahraoui">Nabil Sahraoui</a>, who announced his open support for <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>, thus strengthening government ties between the U.S. and Algeria. He was reportedly killed shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_Abdel_Wadoud" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud">Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The GSPC has declared its intention to attack Algerian, French, and American targets. It has been designated as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations">Foreign Terrorist Organization</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>, and similarly classed as a terrorist organization by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insurgency_in_Algeria">Insurgency in Algeria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Insurgency in Algeria">edit</a>]</div> The conflict with the GSPC continued to result in a significant number of casualties in Algeria, with over 1,100 killed in clashes with Islamist rebels in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-LAT03-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-freedom03-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-2002algeria-40">[40]</a> In 2003, a total 1,162 were killed in clashes in Algeria, followed by 429 killed in 2004, 488 killed in 2005, and 323 killed in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Bergner-41">[41]</a> In early 2006, the head of the Algerian national police claimed that terrorism had nearly been eliminated in the country, but significant attacks continued,<a href="#cite_note-Bergner-41">[41]</a> and 2007 would eventually mark a height of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks in Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadening_of_conflict">Broadening of conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Broadening of conflict">edit</a>]</div> In order to improve recruiting and funding, the GSPC aligned itself with al-Qaeda, and on 11 September 2006, al-Qaeda leader <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> announced a union between the groups.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> The GSPC rebranded itself as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in January 2007, signaling the broadened aspirations of the group.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> The group now aimed to overthrow all North African governments deemed apostate, including those of Algeria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> Operations were shifted into two broader "sectors", Northern Algeria and Tunisia allocated a "central emirate", and northern Mali, Niger, Mauritania and Libya a "Sahara emirate" led by <a href="/wiki/Djamel_Okacha" title="Djamel Okacha">Djamel Okacha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> The strategic leadership of AQIM continued to be headquartered in the mountainous region of <a href="/wiki/Kabylie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabylie">Kabylie</a> east of the Algerian capital <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, headed by a 14-member Shura council leadership.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> As the Algerian counterterrorism campaign became largely successful in pushing AQIM out of the country, the group established new bases in Sahel countries such as Niger, Mauritania, Chad and Mali.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> Attacks against government and military installations were frequently underreported by Western media.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> In 2007, the United States and United Kingdom launched the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara</a> in support of governments in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Flintlock-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-af.reuters.com-49">[49]</a> Frequent kidnappings of foreigners in 2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Dakar_Rally" title="2008 Dakar Rally">led the Dakar Rally to be cancelled</a> and permanently moved to South America.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritania">Mauritania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mauritania">edit</a>]</div> In the earliest major attack as direct spillover of the Algerian conflict, the Mauritanian army base at Lemgheity was attacked by the GSPC in June 2005, killing 17 soldiers (and nine jihadists), and wounding another 17.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim-58">[58]</a> The attack in part led to <a href="/wiki/2005_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Mauritanian coup d'état">a coup d'état in October 2005</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a>, who made a campaign against jihadists a major part of his rule.<a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim-58">[58]</a> Attacks continued in Mauritania until it was largely successful in thwarting attacks since 2011 following a major military boost and political openings for Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim-58">[58]</a> AQIM has however continued to remain active in the eastern border-regions with Mali, with active support systems for logistics and information.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> A lack of military resources, often due to turmoil and having little population in a very large country, caused Mauritania to rely on support from France, Morocco, and Algeria in order to defeat the AQIM. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tunisia">edit</a>]</div> In December 2006 and again in January 2007, <a href="/wiki/2006_and_2007_Tunisia_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 and 2007 Tunisia clashes">Tunisian security forces engaged in clashes</a> with a group linked to the GSPC that had established training camps in mountainous areas near the capital Tunis, killing more than a dozen people.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> According to French daily <a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a> at least 60 people were killed in the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-weekly-63">[63]</a> The clashes were the most serious terrorist activity in Tunisia since the <a href="/wiki/Ghriba_synagogue_bombing" title="Ghriba synagogue bombing">Ghriba synagogue bombing</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-weekly-63">[63]</a> Starting in 2012, AQIM along with <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Tunisia)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi_Brigade" title="Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade">Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade</a> active in the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Jebel_ech_Chambi" title="Jebel ech Chambi">Jebel ech Chambi</a> region outside <a href="/wiki/Kasserine" title="Kasserine">Kasserine</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Tunisia_border" title="Algeria–Tunisia border">Algeria–Tunisia border</a> have been targeted by the Tunisian Army in the <a href="/wiki/Chaambi_Operations" title="Chaambi Operations">Chaambi Operations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ctc230613-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In 2014, Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade militants <a href="/wiki/2014_Chaambi_Mountains_attack" title="2014 Chaambi Mountains attack">attacked two Tunisian military checkpoints</a>, killing fourteen Tunisian soldiers and injuring twenty-five in what was the deadliest military skirmish in Tunisia since its independence in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Since 2015, Tunisia has simultaneously been targeted by an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Tunisia" title="Islamic State insurgency in Tunisia">IS insurgency campaign</a>. In March 2016 over 50 militants were killed when IS fighters <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">attempted to seize Ben Guerdane</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Tunisia_border" title="Libya–Tunisia border">Libya–Tunisia border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_Civil_War">Libyan Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Libyan Civil War">edit</a>]</div> Since the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2011)">Libyan Civil War</a> in 2011, south-western Libya has offered sanctuaries to AQIM which has dispatched cells to be established in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> On 11 September 2012, members of <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia</a> and AQIM were responsible for <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">coordinated attacks against two United States government facilities in Benghazi</a>, and Ansar al-Sharia was later involved in <a href="/wiki/2013_Benghazi_conflict" title="2013 Benghazi conflict">clashes in Benghazi in 2013</a>. Drawing defectors from AQIM,<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> the rival <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (IS) organization was later able to control some limited territory in the north in the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2014–present)">renewed civil war</a> from 2014. After initial official support from AQIM, allegations have continued of local collaboration between the otherwise rivalling groups.<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-aqimisil-54">[54]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%9316)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derna campaign (2014–16)">being pushed out of Derna</a>, the remaining IS stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">captured in late 2016</a>. Al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamists led by Ansar al-Sharia have at the same time continued to exert control in other places. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mali_conflict_and_Sahel_spillover">Mali conflict and Sahel spillover</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mali conflict and Sahel spillover">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Mali_conflict.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/220px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/330px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/440px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>The fullest extent of rebel-held territory in January 2013, before it was re-taken by Malian and French forces.</figcaption></figure> In 2012 Malian President <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a> was <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">ousted in a coup d'état</a> over his handling of the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">Tuareg rebellion</a>. The AQIM and allied Islamist groups <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</a> (MOJWA) were able to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">capture the northern half of Mali</a> after effectively overrunning the state of <a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a>, led by former Tuareg fighters from the Libyan Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a> After Ansar Dine attempted a push into the south of the country, Mali requested France to launch a military intervention in January 2013 which successfully pushed rebels out. The military intervention was followed by an ongoing Sahel-wide French-led military operation with around 4,000 French soldiers actively deployed.<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> Small pockets of armed Islamists have remained active in northern Mali,<a href="#cite_note-CFR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> and attacks have continued against the UN peacekeeping mission <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a>, which has become one of the UN's deadliest international missions.<a href="#cite_note-Boeke-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_events">Timeline of events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Timeline of events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002">2002</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2002">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Algerian Civil War with the GIA is considered to have ended in February 2002, GSPC continues insurgency.</li> <li>April 11 – <a href="/wiki/Ghriba_synagogue_bombing" title="Ghriba synagogue bombing">Ghriba synagogue bombing</a> killed 22 (14 <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> tourists, 5 <a href="/wiki/Tunisians" title="Tunisians">Tunisians</a>, and 2 <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> nationals and the <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bomb">suicide bomber</a>).</li> <li>May 5 – 15 <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Algeria">government</a> soldiers are killed in an <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambush</a> near <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Kabylie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabylie">Kabylie</a> region of northern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. About 50 members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) were blamed for the assault.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>June 23 – Militants killed 6 <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilians</a> in an attack on youths playing <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> near a bus station in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9ralda" title="Zéralda">Zéralda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburban</a> <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>July 17 – Militants killed 7 civilians in Ouled Allal, <a href="/wiki/Bouira_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira Province">Bouira Province</a>. Bringing the death toll of the previous three days to 22.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>September 13 – Militants killed 11 civilians on a road in <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla Province">Ain Defla Province</a>, northern Algeria. The previous month, according to a toll compiled from press reports and official accounts, an estimated 140 people were killed in extremist violence, bringing the number of people who had been killed since the beginning of the year to 1,070.<a href="#cite_note-2002algeria-40">[40]</a></li> <li>September 19 – 15 people are reported to have been arrested in <a href="/wiki/Kabylie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabylie">Kabylie</a> under suspicion of providing money and logistical help to the GSPC.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>October 2 – Militants killed 13 civilians in a remote village in <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla Province">Ain Defla Province</a>, western Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003">2003</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2003">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 6 – Militants ambushed a military convoy in north-east Algeria killing 43 soldiers and wounding 19 others. Also militants attacked families near the capital, Algiers, killing 13 people.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>Between February 22 and March 24 – The Free Salafist Group (GSL), a splinter group of the GSPC led by <a href="/wiki/Amari_Sa%C3%AFfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amari Saïfi">Amari Saïfi</a> (Abderrazak "El Para"), <a href="/wiki/Sahara_hostage_crisis_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara hostage crisis 2003">allegedly captures 32 European tourists</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. <ul><li>On May 13, 17 hostages are released and 2 militants are killed in a gun battle in the Algerian desert. The remaining fighters, with 15 hostages, flee to northern <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. After receiving a purported €5 million ransom paid by the German government,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> the GSL/GSPC releases the 14 remaining hostages on August 19.<a href="#cite_note-icg_92-77">[77]</a> The fifteenth hostage, a German, died of heat exhaustion.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li></ul></li> <li>May 16 – <a href="/wiki/2003_Casablanca_bombings" title="2003 Casablanca bombings">2003 Casablanca bombings</a> killed 45 including 12 suicide-bombers.</li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Sahraoui" title="Nabil Sahraoui">Nabil Sahraoui</a> was reported to have replaced <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Hattab" title="Hassan Hattab">Hassan Hattab</a> as leader of the GSPC but other media reports have denied that any change has taken place.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_oct03-79">[79]</a></li> <li>November 27 – In <a href="/wiki/Messad" class="mw-redirect" title="Messad">Messad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djelfa_Province" title="Djelfa Province">Djelfa Province</a>, Algeria, a well-known poet and member of the extended Royal Saudi family was killed and 4 others were injured in an apparent terrorist attack, according to press reports.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004">2004</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2004">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>May 2 – It was reported that in the previous two days 7 members of the security forces, 6 civilians and 2 militants were killed in several locations: near Algiers and in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Medea_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Medea Province">Medea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bouira_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira Province">Bouira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Relizane_Province" title="Relizane Province">Relizane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>May 18 – 2 bombs exploded, killing 2 soldiers and wounding 13 people, including 4 soldiers, in <a href="/wiki/Setif_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Setif Province">Setif</a> in eastern Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>June 2 – Fighters ambushed an Algerian military convoy in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_Province" title="Béjaïa Province">Béjaïa</a> in eastern Algeria, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45 others.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>June 28 – The army killed three Islamic extremists in a raid near the capital, Algiers.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>September 20 – Militants killed 4 people at a roadblock they set up near Kalous in <a href="/wiki/Bouira_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira Province">Bouira Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>September 29 – Militants attacked a civil defense post near the city of <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla">Ain Defla</a>, killing 6 members of the civil defense force.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>October 22 – Militants attacked a vehicle near <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9a" title="Médéa">Médéa</a> carrying fans to a football match in the capital Algiers killing 16 people.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005">2005</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2005">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>April 9 – Militants killed 14 people at a mock roadblock near Algier. In addition another 36 people, including 15 security force members have been killed since the start of March.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li>May 15 – Fighters ambushed an army convoy in the region of <a href="/wiki/Khenchela" title="Khenchela">Khenchela</a> killing 12 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>June 13 – An explosive device kills 3 soldiers and 3 civilians west of <a href="/wiki/Tipaza" title="Tipaza">Tipaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li>June 18 – An explosive device killed a policeman during a police raid in El-Djer.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>June 23 – An explosive device kills 11 policeman on the road linking Azzefoune and Aghrib in the province of <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>July 18 – Islamist militants killed 5 policemen in an ambush in <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla Province">Ain Defla</a> in western Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>September 25 – Militants killed 5 members of the security forces. Three days before, 7 soldiers and 3 civilians were killed in two other attacks. Since the beginning of the month, another 16 soldiers, 12 civilians and 1 policeman were killed. The attacks took place in <a href="/wiki/Boumerdes_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Boumerdes Province">Boumerdes Province</a> and close to <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AFda,_Algeria" title="Saïda, Algeria">Saida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006">2006</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2006">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>February 1 – The Algerian daily Liberté reports that spiritual leader <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Abou_al-Baraa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Abou al-Baraa (page does not exist)">Ahmed Abou al-Baraa</a> (real name Ahmed Zarabib) has been killed by Algerian government forces in the mountains near <a href="/wiki/Toudja" title="Toudja">Toudja</a> on January 17.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>March 30 – <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Hattab" title="Hassan Hattab">Hassan Hattab</a>, a founder of the group, is reported to have called on its remaining members to accept an amnesty offered by the Algerian government.<a href="#cite_note-amnesty-97">[97]</a></li> <li>April 7 – Fighters ambushed a government convoy in the desert region of <a href="/wiki/Gharda%C3%AFa" title="Ghardaïa">Ghardaïa</a> in Algeria carrying customs agents killing 31 people.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li>April 26 – A suicide bomber attacked the base of the Multinational Forces and Observers at al-Jura wounding two members of the force.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li>June 21 – The Algerian army killed 10 Islamists in Ghzerwal, near <a href="/wiki/Boumerdes" class="mw-redirect" title="Boumerdes">Boumerdes</a>.</li> <li>June 26 – The Algerian army killed 19 Islamists in the eastern region of <a href="/wiki/Khenchela" title="Khenchela">Khenchela</a>, bringing the number of people killed since the start of the latest unrest in Algeria to 53, including 36 suspected Islamists. Among the dead were also 7 soldiers killed on June 21 and 5 civilians killed on June 20.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>July 7 - At least 3 soldiers were wounded after an explosive device blast in Mount Bouhench, <a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>, Algeria. The attack was claimed by Aibed Er-Rahman katibet.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>July 20 – Fighters killed 4 government municipal guards near <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla">Ain Defla</a>. The attack followed a similar one on July 12 when 5 guards were killed near <a href="/wiki/Tipaza" title="Tipaza">Tipaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>August 29 – Fighters attacked a checkpoint in El-Kseur in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_Province" title="Béjaïa Province">Béjaïa Province</a>, killing 2 policemen and 1 civilian.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>September 14 – <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> announced it will join the GSPC in their fight against France. They plan to attack France, the United States, and their allies.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo061005-104">[104]</a></li> <li>September 2 – In separate clashes 6 soldiers were killed in the regions of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9a_Province" title="Médéa Province">Medea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>October – A series of truck bombs exploded in Algiers killing 3 and wounding 24.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-02-13-106">[106]</a></li> <li>November 3 – 15 militants ambushed an army patrol in the <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla">Ain Defla</a> region killing 8 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-foxnews-2006-11-10-107">[107]</a></li> <li>November 9 – Militants ambushed an army patrol in the <a href="/wiki/Bouira" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira">Bouira</a> region killing 7 soldiers and wounding 13.<a href="#cite_note-foxnews-2006-11-10-107">[107]</a></li> <li>December 10 – A bomb tore apart a bus carrying foreign oil workers in Algiers, killing 4 and wounding 18.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-02-13-106">[106]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007">2007</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2007">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2007_Algiers_bombings_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="2007 Algiers bombings (disambiguation)">2007 Algiers bombings (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007_Dellys_bombing" title="2007 Dellys bombing">2007 Dellys bombing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara</a></div> <ul><li>January – <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> said it killed 12 GSPC militants while losing two security men. The militants allegedly planned to attack the U.S. and British embassies in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li>January 5 – Fighters killed 18 soldiers in an ambush in the region of <a href="/wiki/Biskra" title="Biskra">Biskra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>January 21 – A roadside bomb exploded under an army vehicle near <a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a> in eastern Algeria killing a soldier and wounding another 8.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>January 30 – 5 soldiers and 10 Islamists were killed in fighting in the eastern region of <a href="/wiki/Batna_Province" title="Batna Province">Batna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-01-30-111">[111]</a></li> <li>February 6 – The United States began <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara</a> in partnership with the United Kingdom and a number of partner states in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> region.</li> <li>February 13 – 7 bombs exploded at 7 police stations in the <a href="/wiki/Kabylie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabylie">Kabylie</a> region killing 2 policemen and 4 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-02-13-106">[106]</a></li> <li>March 3 – A bomb hits a convoy of Russian pipeline workers between the towns of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9a" title="Médéa">Médéa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla">Ain Defla</a>, killing 4 Russians and 7 Algerians.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>Between March 11 and April 14 – The <a href="/wiki/2007_Casablanca_bombings" title="2007 Casablanca bombings">2007 Casablanca bombings</a> killed 8.</li> <li>April 7 – 13 soldiers and 19 Islamists were killed in fighting in a wooded area in the <a href="/wiki/Ain_Defla_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Defla Province">Ain Defla Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>April 11 – A <a href="/wiki/11_April_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="11 April 2007 Algiers bombings">suicide attack at the entrance of the Ministry of Interior</a> killed more than 24 people and wounded 300.<a href="#cite_note-UN_SPV5659_2007-114">[114]</a></li> <li>May 11 – In various incidents 6 Islamists, 1 soldier and 1 policeman were killed near <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AFda,_Algeria" title="Saïda, Algeria">Saida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>May 13 – A bomb exploded at a police checkpoint in <a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine, Algeria</a>, killing a policeman and wounding 2.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li>May 14 – 20 militants were killed in clashes near the capital.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li>July 11 – A suicide truck bomber attacked a military barracks near <a href="/wiki/Bouira" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira">Bouira</a>, killing 10 soldiers and wounding 45.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-07-11-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-heraldsun-2007-119">[119]</a></li> <li>September 3 – During clashes in the <a href="/wiki/Tebessa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tebessa Province">Tebessa</a> region 5 security forces members and a civilian were killed.<a href="#cite_note-boston-2007-09-05-120">[120]</a></li> <li>September 5 – 7 militants were killed when the army bombed a suspected militant hideout in the <a href="/wiki/Tebessa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tebessa Province">Tebessa</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-boston-2007-09-05-120">[120]</a></li> <li>September 12 – A US C-130 plane was attacked by a machine gun emplacement. The plane reached its destination in Mali and nobody was injured.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Since the beginning of OEF-TS, 100 AQIM members have been killed by security forces with 261 noncombat fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li>September 15 – A bomb exploded in front of a police compound in Zemmouri, near <a href="/wiki/Boumerdes" class="mw-redirect" title="Boumerdes">Boumerdes</a>, killing 3 people and wounding 5 others.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-07-11-118">[118]</a></li> <li>September 22 – A suicide bomber wounded 9 people, including 2 Frenchmen and an Italian, in an attack in Lakhdaria, in the <a href="/wiki/Bouira_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira Province">Bouira Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heraldsun-2007-119">[119]</a></li> <li>October 9 – In clashes in Kabylie 3 militants, including the GSPC deputy leader, were killed.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-11-16-123">[123]</a></li> <li>October 15 – In fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a> province 3 militants were killed.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li>November 16 – Algerian forces killed the treasurer of al-Qaeda in Algeria, Abdelhamid Sadaoui, also known as Abou el Haythem, near <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-2007-11-16-123">[123]</a></li> <li>December 11 – 2 suicide truck bombers <a href="/wiki/11_December_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="11 December 2007 Algiers bombings">attacked U.N. offices in Algiers</a>, killing 37 people and injuring 171. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> officially condemned this attack.<a href="#cite_note-UN_SPV5798_2007-125">[125]</a></li> <li>December 25 – 4 French tourists were killed by gunmen in <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> and a fifth seriously injured. The victims were all part of the same family. See <a href="/wiki/2007_French_tourists_killing_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 French tourists killing in Mauritania">2007 French tourists killing in Mauritania</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008">2008</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2008">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Al Qaeda's wing in north Africa claimed to have killed 120 Algerian soldiers and wounded 530 in clashes in its eastern stronghold, where the army has launched a campaign against the rebels. In an Internet statement posted on March 8, 2008, the group denied a newspaper report that 25 of its fighters had been killed and played down reports its leader had been surrounded.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li>June 6 – A roadside bomb killed six soldiers and wounded four in Cap Djenat. The bombing came a day after a suicide bomber targeted a military barracks in an eastern Algiers suburb but killed only himself.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li>June 8 – <a href="/wiki/2008_Beni_Amrane_bombings" title="2008 Beni Amrane bombings">2 bombs in quick succession</a> rocked a train station in Beni Amrane, about 100 kilometres (60 mi) east of Algiers. The first bomb killed a Frenchman working on a renovation project at the station along with his driver. The second bomb came about five minutes later hitting the first responders and killing 8 soldiers and 3 firefighters.</li> <li>June 11 – A Moroccan court convicted a cell of 29 recruiters and sentenced them to prison.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li>July 2 – Moroccan forces arrested 35 Al Qaeda recruiters.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>July 14 – A leader of Al-Qaida in Algeria was killed in a security forces raid.</li> <li>July 23 – A suicide bomber on a motorcycle blew himself up, injuring 13 members of a military convoy in <a href="/wiki/Lakhdaria" title="Lakhdaria">Lakhdaria</a>, Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-la_croix-130">[130]</a></li> <li>August 3 – A suicide bomber directed a vehicle against a police station in <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a>, Algeria, injuring 25 people.<a href="#cite_note-la_croix-130">[130]</a></li> <li>August 8 – The Algerian army <a href="/wiki/Beni_Douala_Operations_(2008)" title="Beni Douala Operations (2008)">killed 12 jihadists</a> in an ambush near <a href="/wiki/Beni_Douala" title="Beni Douala">Beni Douala</a>, Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-la_croix-130">[130]</a></li> <li>August 10 – A suicide bomber drove a van loaded with explosives into the gendarmerie brigade in Boumerdès, Algeria, killing eight people and injuring 19.<a href="#cite_note-la_croix-130">[130]</a></li> <li>August 19 – A suicide car-bomber <a href="/wiki/2008_Issers_bombing" title="2008 Issers bombing">attacked a police academy</a> in Les Issers as recruits lined up in front of the building, 43 people were killed, only one of them a policeman. This attack was officially condemned by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN_SPV5962_2008-131">[131]</a></li> <li>August 20 – 2 car bombs exploded at a hotel in <a href="/wiki/Bouira" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira">Bouira</a> killing 11 civilians a day after the car bomb attack in Les Issers.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li>September 15 – 12 Mauritanians were captured and later beheaded in northern Mauritania.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009">2009</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2009">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 19 – The <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> infected and killed at least 40 members of AQIM in a training camp.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li>January 22 – Gunmen abducted a Swiss couple, a German woman, and a British man in Niger. In February, Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb claimed to have abducted the four tourists as well as Canadian diplomat <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fowler_(diplomat)" title="Robert Fowler (diplomat)">Robert Fowler</a> in December.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Fowler and three others were released in April while the British man, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Dyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Dyer">Edwin Dyer</a>, was executed in June.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li>February 22 – Militants attack a gas installation at the Ziama Mansouriah commune in the coastal province of Jijel, killing 9 security guards in the deadliest strike since August.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>June 17 – 18 gendarmerie troops and a civilian were killed in <a href="/wiki/2009_Algerian_military_ambush" title="2009 Algerian military ambush">an attack on a military convoy near Bordj Bou Arréridj</a>, about 200 kilometres (125 mi) southeast of Algiers. Local sources said that the soldiers were returning after escorting to base a group of Chinese workers building the future motorway intended to cross the whole of the north African country from east to west.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>July 30 – At least 14 Algerian security guards were killed in an ambush by alleged Islamic fighters.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>August 9 – <a href="/wiki/2009_Nouakchott_suicide_bombing" title="2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing">2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing</a>.</li> <li>October 8 – 2 brothers suspected of links to AQIM were arrested in France. One of the two was a CERN researcher.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li>November 26 – Frenchman Pierre Camatte was kidnapped in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka" title="Ménaka">Ménaka</a>, Mali by al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-contact-141">[141]</a></li> <li>November 29 – Spanish aid workers Roque Pascual, Albert Vilalta, and Alicia Gamez were kidnapped on a coastal road in Mauritania.<a href="#cite_note-contact-141">[141]</a> Gamez was released in March 2010, while Pascual and Vilalta was released in August 2010.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li>December 19 – An Italian and his wife from <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> were kidnapped in eastern Mauritania.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> They were released on April 19, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>December 28 – 3 Saudi tourists were killed and 3 others injured in an attack near <a href="/wiki/Djambala" title="Djambala">Djambala</a>, Niger.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> A fourth Saudi died two days later.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2010">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 29 – A bomb exploded at the passage of a freight train loan Timezrit. Nobody was injured.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li>March 8 – At least 5 soldiers were killed close to Niger's border with Mali, in a sunrise ambush in which rebels attacked a convoy with rockets and machine gun fire at an isolated border post.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>March 21 – 3 militants were killed by security forces near El Ma Labiod, 35 km from Tebessa.</li> <li>March 25 – 2 soldiers were killed and five others wounded in an attack in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kadiria" title="Kadiria">Kadiria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li>March 26 – 3 militants were killed while another was captured by security forces in Ait Yahia Moussa, 30 km from Tizi Ouzou.</li> <li>April 1 – A bomb attack against a taxi killed 2 people in <a href="/wiki/Tizi-Ouzou" class="mw-redirect" title="Tizi-Ouzou">Tizi-Ouzou</a>. Another attack against a police patrol resulted in no injuries.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li>April 3 – 7 security officers and a soldier were killed in a double bomb attack in the region of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a>. 2 other soldiers were wounded in the second explosion.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li>April 14 – According to Algerian officials, at least 10 militants were killed since a counter-terrorist operation started in Bordj Bou Arreridj raion. The operation is ongoing. Top militant Abdelmalek Droukdel could be surrounded with other militants, a military spokesman said.</li> <li>April 23 – At least 9 policemen were killed and another was slightly wounded when a bomb exploded in Irraguern (between Béjaïa and Jijel) while they were passing by. No other details have been reported.</li> <li>April 28 – A fierce gunbattle between Algerian army and a group of militants occurred near Tidjellabine (2 km from Boumerdes). It is known that one soldier was killed, but the counter-terrorist operation was still going on according to Algerian officials.</li> <li>May 2 – One militant was killed in a clash with Algerian forces in a forest between Akfadou and Adekar. "He was wearing an old military jacket (...) he was killed on the spot" a military spokesman said. "The counter-terrorist operation is still going on" he added. This heavily forested area is often the scene of clashes between militants from <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (AQIM, former GSPC) and Algerian army.</li> <li>May 4 – 3 militants, including the emir of "Takhoukht Jamaat" Zakaria Abdelkahar, were killed by security forces in Draa El Mizen (45 km from Tizi-Ouzou). It was reported that the authorities demanded them to stop their car and to surrender, but they refused and were killed. Several weapons and a large amount of ammunition were discovered in the car. No other details have been reported.</li> <li>May 9 – 2 people including a child were killed in an ambush in Kabylie. Another person is missing.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>June 7 – 2 people were killed and a third critically injured in a bomb attack near <a href="/wiki/Darguina" title="Darguina">Derguina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li>June 11 – A suicide car bomb directed by a suicide bomber against a fixed barrier of the gendarmerie in <a href="/wiki/Ammal" title="Ammal">Ammal</a> resulted in 8 dead, including 3 policemen, four civilians and a Chinese national. Thus a score of wounded including 10 policemen and 10 civilians. At least three terrorists were killed during the violent clash that occurred after the blast.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li>June 24 – 5 people were killed and one wounded by gunfire during a wedding at douar Ghrab near <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9bessa" title="Tébessa">Tébessa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li>July 1 – 11 policemen were killed in an ambush in the city of Tinzaouatine. This attack was claimed by <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_Organization_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li>July 4 – 3 policemen killed by a bomb on a road near Jijel by suspected Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li>July 14 – 4 soldiers were killed and 13 others wounded in several bomb attacks.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li>July 25 – Six militants were killed in a Franco-Mauritanian raid against a camp of Al-qaeda in Mali to try to free the hostage Michel Germaneau. At the same time one person was killed and 10 wounded in a suicide attack against a police brigade in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li>July 26 – A few days after <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_Organization_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a> claimed he was executed in reprisal against the French-Mauritanian raid, the <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">French president</a> confirms the death of 78-year-old French volunteer aid worker Michel Germaneau, who had been kidnapped on April 21.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> It cannot be ruled out that he died as a result of running out of heart drugs.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>August 7 – The mayor of the town of Baghlia, Mohammed Idir, was murdered when he went to the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li>August 20 – An attack against a military convoy near Baghlia killed 13 people and injured at least two.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li>August 22 – A former terrorist was assassinated by bullets in the town of <a href="/wiki/Baghlia" title="Baghlia">Baghlia</a> in Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li>August 24 – An attempted suicide attack wounded 7 in Mauritania. The bomber's vehicle exploded before reaching its target, a military barracks in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ma" title="Néma">Néma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li>August 30 – A suicide car bomb against a military convoy left 3 dead and at least 20 wounded in the town of <a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kabylie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabylie">Kabylie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li>September 16 – Gunmen abduct five Frenchmen, a Togolese, and a Malagasy from a uranium mine in northern Niger.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li>September 18 – A battle between Mauritanian army and members of Al-Qaeda killed at least 6 members of the army and 12 militants.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li>October 3 – Five soldiers were killed and ten others injured in a bomb attack against their convoy in Zekri, a town of Kabylie, during a search operation.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li>October 12 – A departmental head in public works, his two collaborators and two contractors were killed in a bomb attack in Tlidjene.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li>October 25 – 1 soldier was killed and four others wounded by a bomb explosion in the passage their patrol in the Boumerdes region.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011">2011</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2011">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 4 – An attack against the embassy of France in Mali's capital Bamako resulting in 1 injuries. This is the first such attack on Malian territory.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li>January 7 – Two French citizens were kidnapped in <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and died in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> while French troops were attempting to rescue them.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_Organization_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a> declared on 15 January that it had executed one of them while the other one was killed by the French military.<a href="#cite_note-nouvelobs20110302-175">[175]</a> A post-mortem examination established that one of them received a direct shot, while the other one was killed by the "thermal effects of fire".<a href="#cite_note-nouvelobs20110302-175">[175]</a></li> <li>January 29 – A member of the municipal guard was killed and three others wounded in an attack against the headquarters of the communal guard in the southwest of Tizi Ouzou.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li>February 3 – The Mauritanian army has detonated a vehicle filled with explosives 12 km south of <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a> killing its three passengers and wounding eight soldiers. The attack was to assassinate the President of Mauritania <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a>. That attack was claimed by <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_Organization_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li>March 9 – An attack near <a href="/wiki/Djelfa" title="Djelfa">Djelfa</a> left 5 dead, in what appeared to be a response to the death of Abou Tourab, a leader of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_Organization_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li>April 17 – 20 Algerian soldiers were killed and twenty-two injured in three attacks claimed by Al Qaeda. Eleven militants were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li>April 28 – <a href="/wiki/2011_Marrakesh_bombing" title="2011 Marrakesh bombing">2011 Marrakesh bombing</a>. A remote controlled bomb explode in Argana café, on <a href="/wiki/Jemaa_el-Fnaa" title="Jemaa el-Fnaa">Jemaa el-Fnaa</a> square. Amongst the dead are 7 French national, 2 Canadians and a Dutch.</li> <li>April 29 – The explosion of a bomb in the town of <a href="/wiki/Oued_Djemaa" title="Oued Djemaa">Oued Djemaa</a> has killed five communal guards who went to their place of work.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li>May 6 – A bomb that exploded at the passage of a military convoy killed five soldiers and wounded five other in a region of <a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>. Since April 15 and the address to the nation of <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a> there were fifty deaths in Islamist attacks.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li>May 4 – Four policemen were killed in a bomb attack on the road between Tizi-Ouzou, the main town of Kabylie, in Algiers the capital of the country.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li>May 6 – Three soldiers were killed and two others wounded by gunmen in the region of Jijel. One was initially killed by firing a gun, the others were killed by a bomb attack.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li>May 12 – Seven soldiers were killed and three terrorists killed in an attack against a military outpost in the region of Jijel, Algeria. An eighth member is missing and two were wounded in the attack with machine guns and Assault rifles, perpetrated in Tizrarane.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li>July 5 – Al-Qaida claims to have attacked a Mauritanian army base in Mali claiming to have killed 20 soldiers and destroyed 12 vehicles. they also say he lost two of their men. The Mauritanian army for its part says it killed 15 militants and lost two men.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li>July 16 – Four people were killed and twenty injured in attacks, including two attacks by suicide bombers in the east of Algiers. In addition near the Tunisian border, two gunmen were killed.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li>August 14 – A suicide bombing against a police station injured more than 30 in the city of Tizi Ouzou, Similarly, two people were killed in a double bomb attack targeting a police station in Bordj Menaiel.<a href="#cite_note-lexpressiondz.com-189">[189]</a></li> <li>August 17 – A soldier was killed and five injured in a bomb attack in the town of Thenia.<a href="#cite_note-lexpressiondz.com-189">[189]</a></li> <li>August 22 – A soldier was killed and two others wounded in the explosion of a roadside bomb in Taourga. In addition, two officers from the Hasnaoui were murdered and a young civilian was hit by bullets.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li>August 24 – One militant was wounded and policemen recovered two Kalashnikovs in a clash near Tizi-Ouzou.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li>August 27 – A suicide attack against the Military Academy Cherchell, a hundred kilometers west of Algiers, killed 18 people, 16 officers and two civilians and wounded 20 others. The attack occurred less than ten minutes after breaking the fast of Ramadan.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li>September 27 – 5 men suspected of funding AQIM were arrested by Spanish police. Since 2004, over 400 suspected AQIM members have been arrested by Spain.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></li> <li>October 23 – Two Spaniards and an Italian were abducted near <a href="/wiki/Tindouf" title="Tindouf">Tindouf</a> in western Algeria. The Spaniards were identified as Ainhoa Fernandez de Rincon, a pro-<a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi people">Sahrawi</a> activist, and Enric Gonyalons, a member of the Basque non-profit group <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundubat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundubat (page does not exist)">Mundubat</a>. The Italian was named as Rossella Urru from Rome-based Comitato Italiano Sviluppo dei Popoli. The three were freed on July 18, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-africa-194">[194]</a></li> <li>November 23 – Gunmen kidnapped two French workers in <a href="/wiki/Hombori" title="Hombori">Hombori</a>, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-africa-194">[194]</a></li> <li>November 25 – Gunmen killed a German tourist and kidnapped a Swede, a Dutchman and a British/South African in <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a>, Mali.<a href="#cite_note-africa-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012">2012</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2012">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 16 – The start of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali Civil War">Mali Civil War</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2013">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 16 – <a href="/wiki/In_Am%C3%A9nas_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="In Aménas hostage crisis">In Aménas hostage crisis</a> in Algeria.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>April 19 – AQIM militants killed eleven soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Tizi_Ouzou" title="Tizi Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a> region of Algeria, east of Algiers. It was one of the deadliest attacks on the Algerian military in several years.</li> <li>September 14 – Jund al-Khilafah leader Khaled Abu-Suleiman announces the group's split from <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a>, and pledges allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>.</li> <li>September 21 – Hervé Gourdel is abducted by Jund al-Khilafah in the <a href="/wiki/Djurdjura_National_Park" title="Djurdjura National Park">Djurdjura National Park</a> in Algeria.</li> <li>September 22 – <a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Khilafah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jund al-Khilafah">Jund al-Khilafah</a> releases a video showing Hervé Gourdel being held captive. The group stated that the kidnapping was in response to France conducting <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Airstrikes against "Islamic State"</a> and threatened to behead him if France continued to carry out airstrikes against IS.</li> <li>September 24 – The group releases a video purporting to show the beheading of Hervé Gourdel. The militants shown stated that the beheading was in response to the order of IS spokesman <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammed_al-Adnani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Mohammed al-Adnani">Abu Mohammed al-Adnani</a>, in which he called on followers to attack citizens of member nations of the anti-IS coalition.</li> <li>October – One of the Jund al-Khilafah militants responsible for the beheading of Hervé Gourdel was killed in an Algerian military operation in October.<a href="#cite_note-france2426oct14-196">[196]</a></li> <li>December 11 – The Algerian justice ministry states that Algerian soldiers had killed two Jund al-Khilafah members believed to have been involved in the murder of Hervé Gourdel.<a href="#cite_note-Algerian_army_'kills_top_jihadist'-197">[197]</a></li> <li>December 20 – Algerian soldiers kill three Jund al-Khilafah members in the mountains near <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Daoud" title="Sidi Daoud">Sidi Daoud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Algerian_army_'kills_top_jihadist'-197">[197]</a></li> <li>December 22 – Jund al-Khilafah leader <a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Gouri" title="Abdelmalek Gouri">Abdelmalek Gouri</a> and two other militants were killed by the Algerian army in a military operation in <a href="/wiki/Issers" title="Issers">Issers</a>. Afterwards, troops recovered two automatic rifles, explosive belts, and a large amount of ammunition and mobile phones.<a href="#cite_note-Algerian_army_'kills_top_jihadist'-197">[197]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>March 19 – The <a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum attack</a> in Tunis killed 21, mostly foreign tourists.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-198">[198]</a></li> <li>March 28 – Tunisian Special Forces killed Khaled Chaieb, leader of Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade along with 8 more militants in Sidi Aïch, <a href="/wiki/Gafsa_Governorate" title="Gafsa Governorate">Gafsa Governorate</a> south west of Tunisia.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li>April 28 – The Algerian military killed 5 Jund al-Khilafah militants, in an ambush in the region of Tizi Ouzou, east of Algiers.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li>May 20 – Algerian security forces ambushed a Jund al-Khilafah meeting east of Algiers, killing at least 21 fighters and capturing two others.<a href="#cite_note-jazeera-201">[201]</a></li> <li>June 26 – The <a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse attacks</a> at the resort at <a href="/wiki/Port_El_Kantaoui" title="Port El Kantaoui">Port El Kantaoui</a> killed 39 European tourists, mostly British citizens.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li>July 17 – At least 9 Algerian soldiers were killed in an ambush by AQIM militants in the south of <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Defla" title="Aïn Defla">Aïn Defla</a> province, southwest of Algiers.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li>November 25 – IS has claimed responsibility for bombing a bus carrying members of Tunisia's presidential guard killing 12.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2016">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 4 – 7 Libyan guards were killed and 25 wounded at the oil port of <a href="/wiki/Sidra,_Libya" title="Sidra, Libya">Es Sider</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li>January 7 – 47–70 People are killed and dozens more injured when explosions were set off at a Libyan Coast Guard training camp in the city of <a href="/wiki/Zliten" title="Zliten">Zliten</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li>February 20 – Jund al-Khilafah claimed to have killed three Algerian soldiers in Mount <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakshut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakshut (page does not exist)">Shakshut</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bouira" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouira">Bouira</a> in late February. This claim was denied by the <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> government.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li>March 7 – Morocco's Interior Ministry says it dismantled a five-member IS group cell planning to detonate explosives in crowded public spaces.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Also 43 militants, one soldier and four citizens they killed and six militants arrested after IS in Libya Jihadists <a href="/wiki/2016_Ben_Guerdane_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Ben Guerdane attack">attacked</a> a border town in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> border.<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li>March 9 – 10 militants and 1 soldier killed in the ongoing raid of Libyan-Tunisian border.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Also, the African Union confirmed that will send a mission to northern Mali in the next of the months to look into setting up a counter-terrorism force to support vulnerable U.N. peacekeepers.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li> <li>March 10 Three IS fighters are killed in Libya-Tunisia border during ongoing classes.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a></li> <li>March 18 – A gas facility in the Algerian desert has been attacked by AQIM, though no one was hurt, Norwegian oil giant Statoil has said.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li>March 24 – Morocco captured 9 operatives of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Islamic State – Libya Province</a> inside the Moroccan territory.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li> <li>March 28 – 18 Algerian soldiers killed in an airplane crash in the <a href="/wiki/Tamanrasset" title="Tamanrasset">Tamanrasset</a> region. It is unknown if the crash was because of terrorist attack or a technical problem.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li>March 31 – AQIM in Tunisia, has claimed an attack on Tunisian border guards near the town of Bouchebka on the Algerian border, wounding some soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> A Mali intelligence spokesman says special forces have arrested a jihadi leader close to Islamic extremist group Ansar Dine in southern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li> <li>April 5 – 4 AQIM soldiers killed in Algeria near the Tunisian border.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></li> <li>April 18 – Spanish police said they had detained a Moroccan man in the Mediterranean island resort of Palma de Mallorca suspected of recruiting militants for IS.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></li> <li>April 29 – Algerian government said that it killed five AQIM fighters in two separate raid in eastern Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></li> <li>May 6 – Tunisian forces capture 9 AQIM militants in the Tunisian countryside.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li> <li>May 7 – Brother of <a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a> jailed by Morocco court over terrorist accusations.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li>May 11 – Two suspected ISIL members killed along with four Tunisian soldiers after a raid on Tunisian capital.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></li> <li>August 29 – In Atlas Mountains nearby Algeria 3 Tunisian soldiers were killed and 7 others wounded by AQIM militants<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></li> <li>October 9 – In <a href="/wiki/Tamalous" title="Tamalous">Tamalous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">IS</a> militants detonated an explosive device adjacent to the army convoy as it passed near Tamalous town in northeastern Algeria. It was not immediately clear whether the explosion caused any casualties.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a></li> <li>October 28 – A police officer was killed by three assailants while eating in a restaurant in the Constantine District in Constantine Province, around 390 kilometres (240 mi) east of Algiers. <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> organization claimed responsibility for the attack.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li>November 5: A Tunisian soldier has been killed in his home in Governorate <a href="/wiki/Kasserine_Governorate" title="Kasserine Governorate">Kasserine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> by extremists.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li>December 2 – Several women committed suicide bombings that killed four Libyan soldiers and two other women. The victims had previously granted them safe passage to leave buildings under the control of Islamic State militants in <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></li> <li>December 5 – Terrorists launched two suicide vehicles towards army lines. 9 soldiers were killed in <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> .<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></li> <li>December 7 – Terrorists launched a "double-tap" car bombing outside the Benghazi headquarters of Saiqa Special Force. The two blasts appear to have killed nobody outright but left 22 people injured.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li> <li>December 18 – At least seven people were killed and eight wounded when a suicide bomber targeted forces loyal to Libya's eastern government in <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2017">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 1 – A bomb killed a child and injured 7 others in <a href="/wiki/Blida" title="Blida">Blida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li> <li>January 20 – A car bomb exploded on Friday near a mosque in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>'s second city of <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, killing one person and wounding 13 people including a former interior minister, medical and security sources said.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li>January 21 – A car bomb exploded in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>. The blast, which left at least two people dead, struck near the recently re-opened Italian embassy.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></li> <li>February 26 – Police killed a suicide bomber heading for their commissariat in Constantine, Algeria. The explosion of the explosive belt caused two wounded.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li> <li>March 12 – A police officer and two militants were killed in a shootout at a checkpoint in southern Tunisia that left three other officers injured.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></li> <li>May 7 – Two fighters from Third Force of Libya were killed and three others were wounded in an IS attack.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li> <li>May 18 – <a href="/wiki/Brak_al-Shati_Airbase_raid" title="Brak al-Shati Airbase raid">Brak al-Shati Airbase raid</a>: At least 141 soldiers and civilians were killed in an attack in Southern Libya.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a></li> <li>May 19 – The head of eastern Libya's largest tribe and other man were killed on Friday when a car bomb exploded outside a mosque on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, according to a Libyan security official.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li> <li>June 19 – 4 militants and 2 EU staff, including one Portuguese soldier, were killed in an engagement at Hotel Le Campement Kangaba, an official safe zone for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Training_Mission_in_Mali" title="European Union Training Mission in Mali">EU mission</a> in the Malian capital of <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 20 – A Tunisian special operations unit ambushed and killed two commanders of Okba Ibn Nafaa, AQIM's Tunisia branch, in the mountains outside Sbeitla, near the Algerian border. Tunisian authorities identified the men as Bilel Kobbi and Bechir Ben Neji.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a></li> <li>January 26 – Algerian special forces killed eight AQIM commanders in the rugged mountainous area of Chechar in the eastern region of Khenchela. The men were said to have been en route to meet other jihadist leaders, including AQIM leader Abdelmalek Droukdel.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2019">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>July 14 – Five people were arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian army">Algerian army</a> during counterterrorist raids in <a href="/wiki/Batna_Province" title="Batna Province">Batna</a>. Those arrested were accused of plotting attacks on the <a href="/wiki/2019_Algerian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Algerian protests">recent protests in the country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li>October 14 – An Islamist stabbed to death a French tourist while wounding a Tunisian soldier in <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a>, Tunisia.<a href="#cite_note-:1-250">[250]</a></li> <li>October 20 – A leader of AQIM's Tunisian branch Okba Ibn Nafa'a was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Kasserine" title="Kasserine">Kasserine</a> region of Tunisia, on the border with Algeria.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 2020">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>February 9 – A suicide car bomb attack in <a href="/wiki/Timiaouine" title="Timiaouine">Timiaouine</a>, Algeria, left one Algerian soldier dead.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li> <li>March 6 – Two militants on a motorbike blew themselves up outside the US embassy in Tunisia, killing a policeman and injuring five more.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li>June 21 – A security operation in Algeria's central region of <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Defla" title="Aïn Defla">Aïn Defla</a> left one Algerian soldier dead following an ambush.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li>June 27 – A bomb exploded during a sweep operation by the Algerian military in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9a_Province" title="Médéa Province">Médéa Province</a>, south of Algiers, killing two soldiers, including an officer.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li>December 17 – Algerian authorities captured Rezkane Ahcene, known as 'Abu Dahdah', who joined terrorist groups in 1994, in <a href="/wiki/Jijel_Province" title="Jijel Province">Jijel Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 2021">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 2 – Two Algerian military personnel and four militants were killed in a clash in Tipaza province.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li>January 8 – Tunisian authorities arrested five members including a senior leader from the Okba Ibn Nafaa brigade, part of al Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li>January 14 – Five civilians were killed in the Telidjane district, Algeria when their car was hit with an IED and destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li> <li>February 3 – Four Tunisian soldiers were killed when their vehicle hit a landmine near Mount Mghila on the Algerian border.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram (or ISWAP) insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TheGuardian-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheGuardian_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheGuardian_1-1">b</a> 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Retrieved 22 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Algeria+says+soldier+killed+in+clash+with+%27armed+terrorist+group%27&rft.date=2020-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fnorth-africa%2F2020%2F06%2F21%2FAlgeria-says-soldier-killed-in-clash-with-armed-terrorist-group-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2020/06/28/Bomb-kills-two-Algerian-soldiers-in-north-says-defense-ministry.html">"Bomb kills two Algerian soldiers in north, says defense ministry"</a>. Al Arabiya. 28 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Bomb+kills+two+Algerian+soldiers+in+north%2C+says+defense+ministry&rft.date=2020-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fnorth-africa%2F2020%2F06%2F28%2FBomb-kills-two-Algerian-soldiers-in-north-says-defense-ministry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/algeria-says-captures-dangerous-terrorist-01608234604">"Algeria Says Captures Dangerous 'Terrorist'"</a>. Barron's. 17 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Algeria+Says+Captures+Dangerous+%27Terrorist%27&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Falgeria-says-captures-dangerous-terrorist-01608234604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/02/c_139637181.htm">"4 militants, 2 soldiers killed in clashes in northern Algeria – Xinhua | English.news.cn"</a>. www.xinhuanet.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=4+militants%2C+2+soldiers+killed+in+clashes+in+northern+Algeria+%E2%80%93+Xinhua+%26%23124%3B+English.news.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2021-01%2F02%2Fc_139637181.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://northafricapost.com/46672-tunisia-nabs-senior-al-qaeda-member.html">"Tunisia nabs senior al Qaeda member"</a>. The North Africa Post. 8 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+North+Africa+Post&rft.atitle=Tunisia+nabs+senior+al+Qaeda+member&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthafricapost.com%2F46672-tunisia-nabs-senior-al-qaeda-member.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/14/five-civilians-killed-in-algeria-bomb-blast-ministry-says">"Five civilians killed in Algeria roadside bomb blast"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved Feb 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Five+civilians+killed+in+Algeria+roadside+bomb+blast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F1%2F14%2Ffive-civilians-killed-in-algeria-bomb-blast-ministry-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFP-Agence_France_Presse" class="citation web cs1">AFP-Agence France Presse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/4-tunisian-soldiers-killed-in-landmine-blast-ministry-01612357505">"4 Tunisian Soldiers Killed In Landmine Blast: Ministry"</a>. www.barrons.com. Retrieved Feb 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.barrons.com&rft.atitle=4+Tunisian+Soldiers+Killed+In+Landmine+Blast%3A+Ministry&rft.au=AFP-Agence+France+Presse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2F4-tunisian-soldiers-killed-in-landmine-blast-ministry-01612357505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+the+Maghreb+%282002%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template talk:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing armed conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">ADF insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" title="Salvadoran gang crackdown">Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_gang_crackdown" title="Honduran gang crackdown">Honduran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war in Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis" title="Ecuadorian security crisis">Ecuadorian security crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Paraguay" title="Insurgency in Paraguay">Insurgency in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian conflict">Peruvian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Internal conflict in Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_drug_war" title="Bangladesh drug war">Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Insurgency in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South- east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalay_clashes" title="Kalay clashes">Kalay clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Conflicts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi–led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor">Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_of_terrorism" title="Symbolism of terrorism">Symbolism of terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template talk:Militant Islamism in the Middle East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Militant Islamism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Azzam_Brigades" title="Abdullah Azzam Brigades">Abdullah Azzam Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Masri_Brigades" title="Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades">Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" title="Ahrar al-Sham">Ahrar al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Sham" title="Ajnad al-Sham">Ajnad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashtar_Brigades" title="Al-Ashtar Brigades">Al-Ashtar Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustafa_Army_in_Iraq" title="Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq">Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Salafiya_al-Jihadiya_in_the_Sinai" title="Al-Salafiya al-Jihadiya in the Sinai">Al-Salafiya al-Jihadiya in the Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sham" title="Ansar al-Sham">Ansar al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Syria)">Ansar al-Sharia (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Yemen)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)">Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Bait_al-Maqdis" title="Ansar Bait al-Maqdis">Ansar Bait al-Maqdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Conquest" title="Army of Conquest">Army of Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza_Strip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of Islam (Gaza Strip)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqir_Brigade" title="Baqir Brigade">Baqir Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quwat_al-Ridha" title="Quwat al-Ridha">Quwat al-Ridha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_Al-Hejaz" title="Hezbollah Al-Hejaz">Hezbollah Al-Hejaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Islam" title="Jaysh al-Islam">Jaysh al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Ummah_(Gaza)" title="Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)">Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_Ansar_Allah" title="Jund Ansar Allah">Jund Ansar Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jundallah_(Iran)" title="Jundallah (Iran)">Jundallah (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkistan" title="Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan">Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant_Front" title="Levant Front">Levant Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_in_the_Environs_of_Jerusalem" title="Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem">Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada_al-Mujahideen" title="Masada al-Mujahideen">Masada al-Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nour_al-Din_al-Zenki_Movement" title="Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement">Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Companies">Peace Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Mojahedin_Organization_of_Iran" title="People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran">People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid_al-Jihad_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Tawhid al-Jihad (Gaza Strip)">Tawhid al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Army" title="Mukhtar Army">Mukhtar Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Assad_Allah_al-Ghalib_fi_al-Iraq_wa_al-Sham" title="Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham">Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_al-Jihad" title="Saraya al-Jihad">Saraya al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Islam_Brigade" title="Shield of Islam Brigade">Shield of Islam Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_Ansar_al-Aqeeda" title="Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda">Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces" title="Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces">Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_al-Imam_Ali" title="Kata'ib al-Imam Ali">Kata'ib al-Imam Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Jund_al-Imam" title="Kata'ib Jund al-Imam">Kata'ib Jund al-Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Zainebiyoun" title="Liwa Zainebiyoun">Liwa Zainebiyoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabireen_Movement" title="Sabireen Movement">Sabireen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Mu%27ammal" title="Jaysh al-Mu'ammal">Jaysh al-Mu'ammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ansar_Allah_al-Awfiya" title="Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya">Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Hezbollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Hezbollah">Turkish Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Basri_Brigades" title="Hassan Al-Basri Brigades">Hassan Al-Basri Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party" title="Islamic Dawa Party">Islamic Dawa Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Salim_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade">Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Libya)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)">Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Tunisia)" title="Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)">Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_ul_Islam_(Western_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar ul Islam (Western Africa)">Ansar ul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Bait_al-Maqdis" title="Ansar Bait al-Maqdis">Ansar Bait al-Maqdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Islamic_Group_of_Algeria" title="Armed Islamic Group of Algeria">Armed Islamic Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_Protection_Force" title="Derna Protection Force">Derna Protection Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jama%27a_al-Islamiyya" title="Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya">al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takfir_wal-Hijra" title="Takfir wal-Hijra">Takfir wal-Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Islamic_Fighting_Group" title="Libyan Islamic Fighting Group">Libyan Islamic Fighting Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Islamic_Combatant_Group" title="Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group">Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Benghazi_Revolutionaries" title="Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries">Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_of_Mujahideen_in_Derna" title="Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna">Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Combatant_Group" title="Tunisian Combatant Group">Tunisian Combatant Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi_Brigade" title="Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade">Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Suleiman_al-Naser" title="Abu Suleiman al-Naser">Abu Suleiman al-Naser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Assir" title="Ahmed al-Assir">Ahmed al-Assir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam" title="Abdullah Yusuf Azzam">Abdullah Yusuf Azzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmed_Abdullah" title="Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah">Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri" title="Abu Ayyub al-Masri">Abu Ayyub al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Omar al-Baghdadi">Abu Omar al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Atef" title="Mohammed Atef">Mohammed Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Dahab" title="Tariq al-Dahab">Tariq al-Dahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal%27at_Fu%27ad_Qasim" title="Tal'at Fu'ad Qasim">Tal'at Fu'ad Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massoud_Rajavi" title="Massoud Rajavi">Massoud Rajavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Rajavi" title="Maryam Rajavi">Maryam Rajavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_Youssef_al-Annabi" title="Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi">Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_al-Banshiri" title="Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri">Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_al-Masri" title="Abu Ubaidah al-Masri">Abu Ubaidah al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_al-Masri" title="Saeed al-Masri">Saeed al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Qaraawi" title="Saleh Al-Qaraawi">Saleh Al-Qaraawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Hattab" title="Hassan Hattab">Hassan Hattab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Julani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Julani">Abu Mohammad al-Julani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhayman_al-Otaybi" title="Juhayman al-Otaybi">Juhayman al-Otaybi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Adel" title="Saif al-Adel">Saif al-Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukri_Mustafa" title="Shukri Mustafa">Shukri Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_abd-al-Salam_Faraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj">Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Wuhayshi" title="Nasir al-Wuhayshi">Nasir al-Wuhayshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_al-Raymi" title="Qasim al-Raymi">Qasim al-Raymi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Batarfi" title="Khalid Batarfi">Khalid Batarfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Banna" title="Ibrahim al-Banna">Ibrahim al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khayr_al-Masri" title="Abu Khayr al-Masri">Abu Khayr al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhsin_al-Masri" title="Abu Muhsin al-Masri">Abu Muhsin al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qais_al-Khazali" class="mw-redirect" title="Qais al-Khazali">Qais al-Khazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadi_al-Amiri" title="Hadi al-Amiri">Hadi al-Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Ali_al-Saghir" title="Jalal al-Din Ali al-Saghir">Jalal al-Din Ali al-Saghir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Malik_Badreddin_al-Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi">Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wathiq_al-Battat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wathiq al-Battat">Wathiq al-Battat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Terrorism in Egypt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis (2011–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> (2012–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_territorial_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL territorial claims">ISIL territorial claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Shrine_Defender" title="Holy Shrine Defender">Holy Shrine Defender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li>Militant Islamism in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">2011–2014 factional violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">2014–2020 civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western Sahara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> (1970–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">War, 1975–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Clashes, 2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> (1991–2002)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (1998–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflict</a> (2003–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tuareg rebellions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">2007–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sierra Leone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Liberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Liberian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">1989–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">1999–2003</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Côte d'Ivoire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ivorian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">2010–2011</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">Guinea clashes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Angola</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a> (1975–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a> conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">2012–2013 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">2022–2024 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Republic of the Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Civil wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%931994)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)">1993–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">1997–1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Pool Department conflict</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Bush War</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014)">Djotodia period, 2013–2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Civil War (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northern_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Northern Chad">Insurgency in Northern Chad</a> (2016–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ethiopia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency, 2018–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> (1994–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a> (1995–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> (2000–2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">War, 1998–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Somalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland dispute</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kenya" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kenya">Ethnic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likoni#The_Likoni_Massacres" title="Likoni">Likoni massacres</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">South Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">Civil War</a> (2013–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyei_conflict_(2022%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyei conflict (2022–2023)">Abyei conflict (2022–2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> (2003–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict</a> (2011–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">genocide</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>Burundian conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">1993–2005 Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)" title="Burundian unrest (2015–2018)">2015–2018 unrest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> (1977–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li>Lesothan conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">SADC intervention in Lesotho</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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