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Cavalry Division</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الفرقة البرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفرقة البرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99h%C5%9Fi_diviziya" title="Vəhşi diviziya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəhşi diviziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_Division" title="Wilde Division – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilde Division" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Άγρια Μεραρχία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγρια Μεραρχία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_sauvage" title="Division sauvage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Division sauvage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazo_%C4%8Diabuvi%C5%B3_raitoji_divizija" title="Kaukazo čiabuvių raitoji divizija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaukazo čiabuvių raitoji divizija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasische_Inheemse_Cavaleriedivisie" title="Kaukasische Inheemse Cavaleriedivisie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaukasische Inheemse Cavaleriedivisie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Кавказан махкахойн дошлойн дивизи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кавказан махкахойн дошлойн дивизи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaski_Krajowy_Korpus_Kawaleryjski" title="Kaukaski Krajowy Korpus Kawaleryjski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaukaski Krajowy Korpus Kawaleryjski" 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Division</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Caucasian Native Cavalry Division (Savage Division)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg/250px-Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg/375px-Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg/500px-Grand_duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_and_the_Savage_division_officers.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2796" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich and the officers of the 2nd Brigade, 1917</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">23 August 1914 – 1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Savage Division"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Brusilov Offensive">Brusilov Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Campaign_(1916)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Campaign (1916)">Romanian Campaign (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerensky Offensive">Kerensky Offensive</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Alexandrovich_Romanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov">Michael Alexandrovich</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Caucasian Native Cavalry Division</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Кавказская туземная конная дивизия</span>), or <b>"Savage Division"</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Дикая дивизия</span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> division of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a>. Formed on 23 August 1914, it was transformed into the <b>Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps</b> on 4 September 1917 before being dissolved several months later. It was composed mostly of Muslim volunteers from among various <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a>. It took part in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia</a>, younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nicholas_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Nicholas II">Emperor Nicholas II</a>. </p><p>The division earned the nickname "Savage" for its personnel's traditional attire and relaxed discipline. During the course of World War I it distinguished itself in numerous engagements, including the <a href="/wiki/Brusilov_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Brusilov Offensive">Brusilov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerensky_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerensky Offensive">Kerensky Offensives</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a>, initially the division supported Kornilov's coup under the assumption that the Bolsheviks were on the cusp of overthrowing the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a>, but after delegates from Petrograd informed them it was Kornilov who intended to overthrow the Government they refused to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Kornilov_affair" title="Kornilov affair">Kornilov affair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dissolving soon afterwards, many of its veterans enlisted into the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mountainous_Republic_of_the_Northern_Caucasus" title="Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus">Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasian_Native_Cavalry_Division&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 August 1914, the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> declared war against the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, marking its entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a>. Russia had already launched <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a> a day earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already on 24 July, a group of <a href="/wiki/Kabardians" title="Kabardians">Kabardin</a> village elders petitioned the Russian emperor, asking permission to form a Kabardin Cavalry Regiment. The Kabardin Regiment’s formation was finalized on 6 August. Starting from 9 August, other Caucasian ethnic groups began forming their own volunteer cavalry regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201439–40_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201439–40-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 August, <a href="/wiki/Adjutant_general" title="Adjutant general">Adjutant general</a> <a href="/wiki/Illarion_Vorontsov-Dashkov" title="Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov">Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov</a> presented the Russian High Command with a plan of forming a Caucasian Native Cavalry Division, consisting of five cavalry regiments and an infantry <a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">druzhina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 August, following a petition of <a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a> village elders; the Russian high command approved the formation of an Ingush Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015256_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015256-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 August, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nicholas_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Nicholas II">Emperor Nicholas II</a> ordered the formation of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division, simultaneously appointing his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia</a> as its commander. The division consisted of three <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a>, broken into six regiments, each of which numbered four <a href="/wiki/Sotnia" title="Sotnia">sotnias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1st Brigade incorporated the 2nd <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> and Kabardin Regiments. The 2nd Brigade included the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechen people">Chechen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Cavalry_Regiment" title="Tatar Cavalry Regiment">Tatar Cavalry Regiments</a>, while the 3rd Brigade consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassian</a> and Ingush Regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ninety percent of the personnel were Muslim volunteers from the Caucasus, the rest belonged to various nationalities from across the empire;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201490_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201490-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> totaling over 60 different nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each regiment numbered 22–24 officers, 480–500 riders and 121–141 support personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michael Alexandrovich's appointment gave the unit an elite status and many foreigners in Russian service as well as Russian and Caucasian noblemen sought join it. Although Russian Muslims were exempted from conscription, many Caucasian ethnicities had a long martial tradition, pursuing a military career or volunteering for service during wartime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police authorities declared an amnesty for all <a href="/wiki/Abrek" title="Abrek">abreks</a> and other native criminals, on condition of enlistment; many seized the opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division became commonly known as the Savage Division, because of the traditional attire of its personnel and its relaxed discipline, which was supplemented by the application of the "law of the mountains" honor code. Privates (riders) were allowed to address officers using the familiar version of the Russian word you (ты) as most languages in the Caucasus lacked a <a href="/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction" title="T–V distinction">T–V distinction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many recruits spoke rudimentary Russian, some only understanding basic orders, necessitating the use of translators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recruits underwent up to 8–9 days of <a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">basic training</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201446_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201446-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other divisions each regiment had its own <a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">mullah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhmadovAkhmadov2014396_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhmadovAkhmadov2014396-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division’s men wore gray <a href="/wiki/Chokha" title="Chokha">cherkeskas</a>, black <a href="/wiki/Beshmet" title="Beshmet">beshmets</a> and gray or brown <a href="/wiki/Papakha" title="Papakha">papakhas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuviak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuviak (page does not exist)">chuviaks</a> or boots. The color of the <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_mark" title="Shoulder mark">shoulder marks</a> varied between each regiment, being red in the Second Dagestan and Circassian Regiments and blue in the Kabardin Regiment. Each recruit brought in his own weaponry, horse, saddles and uniform; while being issued firearms and lances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201490–91_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201490–91-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division was issued <a href="/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant" title="Mosin–Nagant">Mosin–Nagant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berdan_rifle" title="Berdan rifle">Berdan rifles</a>, which were supplemented by Belgian cavalry <a href="/wiki/Carbines" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbines">carbines</a> during the course of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each soldier gave a military oath adjusted to his religion. Each rider received 25 <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rubles</a> per month and an enlistment bonus of 150 rubles. Starting from December 1914 each recruit's family was exempted from taxation and received a monthly allowance of 3 rubles and 40 kopeks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service">Service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasian_Native_Cavalry_Division&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karachay_Soldiers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Karachay_Soldiers.jpg/300px-Karachay_Soldiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Karachay_Soldiers.jpg/450px-Karachay_Soldiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Karachay_Soldiers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachay</a> soldiers of the Savage Division, 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>In early October, the newly formed division conducted a parade in <a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the division's units then began transferring to <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proskurov" class="mw-redirect" title="Proskurov">Proskurov</a>. On 15 November, the division was dispatched to <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, where it became part of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="2nd Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire)">2nd Cavalry Corps</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)"> Southwestern Front</a>. On 28 November, it began its march towards the front line at <a href="/wiki/Sambir" title="Sambir">Sambir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201441–42_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201441–42-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 November, the division crossed the border fromn Russia into Austria-Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December, the Circassian Regiment clashed with the enemy at Terky and Volkovya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the night of 30/31 December, three dismounted sotnias of the Kabardin Regiment attacked a battalion of Tyrolean riflemen supported by four machine-guns in the village of Vetlino. Ejecting the defenders and holding the village until the arrival of reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201453_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201453-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a nine-hour long firefight the Austrians retreated, 15 Austrians were taken prisoner while the Kabardins lost 21 men killed and wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1915, Michael Alexandrovich departed Lviv for <a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a> on leave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 January, the 1st Brigade seized the village of Beregy-Gorne, holding it until 16:00 p.m. Whereupon the Austrians brought in their reserves and opened heavy machine-gun fire, forcing the Russian forces to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201454_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201454-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, the Austro-Hungarian forces initiated an offensive in the sector of the front held by the division, which prompted Michael Alexandrovich to return to Lviv on 14 January. Between the 14 and 25 January, the division held its ground against two Austro-Hungarian divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 January 1915, fighting took place at Berezhky village.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 26 and 27 February, the Kabardin Regiment defended the Lomnica river crossing at Podgorka against several Austrian attacks, while being targeted by heavy shelling. The regiment lost three killed and 29 wounded in the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201457_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201457-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ingush and Circassian Regiments crossed the Lomnica river under heavy enemy fire a week later. They then attacked the Tsu Babina village, which was held by an Austrian infantry battalion supported by six machine-guns, and dislodged the defenders. The Austrians lost 323 men killed and 54 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015261–262_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015261–262-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 March, Michael Alexandrovich personally led the division in an offensive on <a href="/wiki/Tlumach" title="Tlumach">Tlumach</a>, defeating two Austrian battalions and seizing the town. He was later awarded the <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint George Sword">Saint George Sword</a> for the action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201463-64_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201463-64-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March, the division was assigned to the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester</a>, holding the section of the front between Nizhniy and <a href="/wiki/Zalishchyky" title="Zalishchyky">Zalishchyky</a>. On 30 March, the division’s positions at <a href="/wiki/Zelenyi_Hai,_Zalishchyky_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelenyi Hai, Zalishchyky Raion"> Zhezhava</a> became the target of heavy shelling; an Austrian landing party that attempted to cross the river was repulsed. On 6 May, the 2nd Cavalry Corps was ordered to assist the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="33rd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">33rd Army Corps</a> in establishing a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dniester between Korniov and Bedyntse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201467_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201467-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 24:00 p.m. 12 May, the 1st Brigade crossed the Dniester at Ivanie, the following noon the 2nd Brigade used a <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridge</a> to advance towards Usechko. The two brigades then converged on Gorodnitsy. On 13 May, the division pursued enemy columns that were retreating towards <a href="/wiki/Verenchanka" title="Verenchanka">Verenchanka</a>, clashing with dismounted enemy cavalry in the vicinity of the town and taking 31 prisoners, a mortar and crates with 60 mortar shells and 120 grenades. On 14 May, the 2nd Brigade captured Nepolokota while the 1st and 3rd Brigades took over Beleluia and Ustie nad Prutom. On 15 May, the 3rd Brigade occupied the Karlov and Vidinov villages. On 18 May, the 1st Brigade repelled an attack on the two villages. On 19 May, the division was tasked with holding the section of the front from Vidinov to Snyatun. On 22 May, the division thwarted another enemy assault on Karlov. On 24 May, the division was reassigned to the Vidinov-Budylov sector of the front. At 19:00 p.m. on 28 May, an Austrian heavy-artillery barrage destroyed the Vidinov railway station.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201468_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201468-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large-scale Austrian offensive forced the division to withdraw to the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a>, and by the middle of May it had returned to its initial positions on the Dniester. On 4 June, the division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Brusilov_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Brusilov Offensive">Brusilov Offensive</a> of June to September 1916, advancing along the right bank of the Dniester towards <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a>, taking Okno village two days later. On 11 June, the division counter-attacked against the Austrians who had attempted to establish a bridgehead at Zhezhava. The division continued to pursue the Austrians, taking the villages Luzhany, Shepenice and Altmaeshti on the left bank of the Prut, taking 1,320 prisoners in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1915, the Russian High Command began forming reserve sotnias for each of the Savage Division's regiments, due to heavy casualties among its ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By March 1916, the division had lost 23 officers and 260 riders killed, as well as 144 officers and 1,438 riders wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 July 1916, the Russian Zaamur Infantry Division launched two unsuccessful frontal attacks on Ezerzhany, suffering casualties and being forced to withdraw. The 3rd Brigade of the Savage Division was then ordered to seize the village. On the dawn of the following day, the Ingush and Circassian Regiments charged on the village - the charge reinvigorated the Zaamur infantrymen, who followed suit. At 7:30 a.m., the Russian cavalry entered the village, exchanging fire and engaging in hand-to-hand combat with the defenders. By 8 a.m., the village had been cleared of enemy combatants, while the Ingush pursued those fleeing to the north. A second cavalry charge resulted in the capture of five 6-inch artillery pieces and 20 crates of ammunition. The 46th and 58th Prussian Infantry Regiments were annihilated, and 110 Germans were taken prisoner. The Russian cavalry lost 19 men killed, 58 wounded and 60 horses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015263–265_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015263–265-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the middle of October 1916, the 1st and 3rd Brigades were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Romanian Front (Russian Empire)"> Romanian Front</a>'s <a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="4th Army (Russian Empire)">4th Army</a> and were forwarded to <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Stanislavov</a>. In December 1916, the division fought a series of battles in Roman and <a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1917, the division was withdrawn to the <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a>, allowing its personnel to rest. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Nicholas_II" title="Abdication of Nicholas II">Abdication of Nicholas II</a> did not negatively affect the division's morale.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201444_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201444-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the middle of June 1917, the division joined the <a href="/wiki/12th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="12th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">12th Army Corps</a> at Stanislavov in preparation of the <a href="/wiki/Kerensky_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerensky Offensive">Kerensky Offensive</a>. On 8 July, the division launched an offensive on <a href="/wiki/Kalush,_Ukraine" title="Kalush, Ukraine">Kalush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolyna" title="Dolyna">Dolyna</a>. On 12 July, the 1st Brigade and the 3rd Caucasus Cossack Division thwarted a German counter-offensive at Kalush.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_(juillet_1917).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_%28juillet_1917%29.jpg/300px-Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_%28juillet_1917%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_%28juillet_1917%29.jpg/450px-Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_%28juillet_1917%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_%28juillet_1917%29.jpg/600px-Cavaliers_tatares_en_reconnaissance_%28juillet_1917%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Сavalrymеn of Tatar Regiment in reconnaissance, July 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1917, the division was dispatched to <a href="/wiki/Novosokolniki" title="Novosokolniki">Novosokolniki</a>, Pskov Governorate, where it became part of <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Krymov" title="Aleksandr Krymov">Aleksandr Krymov</a>’s Separate Petrograd Army. On 4 September 1917, <a href="/wiki/Lavr_Kornilov" title="Lavr Kornilov">Lavr Kornilov</a> transformed the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division into the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492–93_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492–93-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by reinforcing it with the 1st Dagestan Regiment and <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetian</a> units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosok1955_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosok1955-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the course of the <a href="/wiki/Kornilov_affair" title="Kornilov affair">Kornilov affair</a>, the corps was among the units ordered by Kornilov to march on <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corps was persuaded not to fight by members of the Central Committee of the Union of North Caucasian Peoples,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosok1955_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosok1955-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were participating in a Soviet Congress in Petrograd at the time. They hoisted a red flag carrying the inscription 'Land and Freedom', arresting their commanders and sending a delegation to Petrograd to plead allegiance to the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiges2014452_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiges2014452-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late October 1917, the corps now commanded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Polovtsov" title="Peter Polovtsov">Peter Polovtsov</a>, returned to the Caucasus. By the time of their arrival, the Petrograd government had lost its influence in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosok1955_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosok1955-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corps dissolved in the ensuing anarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the course of the war, approximately 7,000 people served in the ranks of the division,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3,500 of whom received varying degrees of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._George" title="Order of St. George">Order of St. George</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_St._George" class="mw-redirect" title="Medal of St. George">Medal of St. George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, non-Christians were awarded a different version of the order, which replaced St. George with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Imperial double-headed eagle</a>. However upon the request of the riders the <a href="/wiki/Jigit" title="Jigit">jigit</a> was restored in the place of the "bird".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period of its operation the unit did not record a single incident of desertion,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while capturing a number of prisoners four times its own size.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201493_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201493-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the course of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, many veterans of the Kabardin Regiment joined the ranks of the White Movement's <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Army" title="Volunteer Army">Volunteer Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015115_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015115-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, veterans of the Ingush Regiment enlisted into the army of the <a href="/wiki/Mountainous_Republic_of_the_Northern_Caucasus" title="Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus">Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus</a> en masse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015269_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015269-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasian_Native_Cavalry_Division&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAscher1953" class="citation journal cs1">Ascher, Abraham (October 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/125956">"The Kornilov Affair"</a>. <i>Russian Review</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 235–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F125956">10.2307/125956</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/125956">125956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Review&rft.atitle=The+Kornilov+Affair&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=235-252&rft.date=1953-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F125956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F125956%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ascher&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F125956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArsanukaeva2014">Arsanukaeva 2014</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201439–40-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201439–40_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVenkovMamsirov2014">Venkov & Mamsirov 2014</a>, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArsanukaeva20145–6_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArsanukaeva2014">Arsanukaeva 2014</a>, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015256-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015256_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbdulaeva2014">Abdulaeva 2014</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201490-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201490_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalihova2014">Salihova 2014</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiagini201561_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBiagini2015">Biagini 2015</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015257_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201478–79_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbdulaeva2014">Abdulaeva 2014</a>, pp. 78–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015260_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201491-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201491_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalihova2014">Salihova 2014</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201446-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201446_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhmadovAkhmadov2014396-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhmadovAkhmadov2014396_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkhmadovAkhmadov2014">Akhmadov & Akhmadov 2014</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201490–91-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201490–91_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalihova2014">Salihova 2014</a>, pp. 90–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulaeva201479–80_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbdulaeva2014">Abdulaeva 2014</a>, pp. 79–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201441–42-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201441–42_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVenkovMamsirov2014">Venkov & Mamsirov 2014</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201442_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVenkovMamsirov2014">Venkov & Mamsirov 2014</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201453-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201453_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201454-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201454_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201457-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201457_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015261–262-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015261–262_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, pp. 261–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201463-64-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201463-64_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 63-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201467-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201467_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201468-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpryshko201468_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpryshko2014">Opryshko 2014</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalihova2014">Salihova 2014</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015263–265-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015263–265_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, pp. 263–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201444-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkovMamsirov201444_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVenkovMamsirov2014">Venkov & Mamsirov 2014</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201492–93-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201492–93_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalihova2014">Salihova 2014</a>, pp. 92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosok1955-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosok1955_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosok1955_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosok1955_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKosok1955">Kosok 1955</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015267_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiges2014452-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiges2014452_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFiges2014">Figes 2014</a>, p. 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015110_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarzoevAtabiev2015">Marzoev & Atabiev 2015</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalihova201493-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalihova201493_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalihova2014">Salihova 2014</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015115-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarzoevAtabiev2015115_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarzoevAtabiev2015">Marzoev & Atabiev 2015</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015269-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlmazov2015269_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlmazov2015">Almazov 2015</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasian_Native_Cavalry_Division&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulaeva2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abdulaeva, Madina (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vtoroy-dagestanskiy-konnyy-polk-v-sostave-kavkazskoy-tuzemnoy-konnoy-divizii-1914-1917-gg">"Второй Дагестанский конный полк в составе Кавказской туземной конной дивизии (1914–1917 гг. )"</a> [Second Dagestani Cavalry Regiment in the Caucasus Native Cavalry Division (1914–1917)]. <i>Bulletin of the Dagestani Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences</i> (in Russian). <b>4</b> (40): 78–84<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Dagestani+Institute+for+Humanities+of+the+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8+%281914%E2%80%931917+%D0%B3%D0%B3.+%29&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=78-84&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Abdulaeva&rft.aufirst=Madina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fvtoroy-dagestanskiy-konnyy-polk-v-sostave-kavkazskoy-tuzemnoy-konnoy-divizii-1914-1917-gg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhmadovAkhmadov2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akhmadov, Takhuz; Akhmadov, Yavus (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/meditsinskaya-sluzhba-kavkazskoy-tuzemnoy-konnoy-divizii-v-1914-1917-gg">"Медицинская служба Кавказской туземной конной дивизии в 1914–1917 гг"</a> [Medical Service in the Caucasus Native Cavalry Division 1914–1917]. <i>Aktualnue Problemy Gumanitarnuh Nauk</i> (in Russian) (10): 396–399<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aktualnue+Problemy+Gumanitarnuh+Nauk&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+1914%E2%80%931917+%D0%B3%D0%B3&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=396-399&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Akhmadov&rft.aufirst=Takhuz&rft.au=Akhmadov%2C+Yavus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fmeditsinskaya-sluzhba-kavkazskoy-tuzemnoy-konnoy-divizii-v-1914-1917-gg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmazov2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Almazov, Issa (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.kunstkamera.ru/files/lib/978-5-88431-299-9/978-5-88431-299-9_15.pdf">"Горцы Северного Кавказа в Первой Мировой Войне 1914–1918 гг."</a> [Mountain Peoples of the North Caucasus in the First World War (1914–1918)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Кавказ: перекресток культур</i> [<i>Caucasus: Crossroads of Cultures</i>] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: <a href="/wiki/Kunstkamera" title="Kunstkamera">Kunstkamera</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-88431-299-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-88431-299-9"><bdi>978-5-88431-299-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5+1914%E2%80%931918+%D0%B3%D0%B3.&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%3A+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80&rft.place=Saint+Petersburg&rft.pub=Kunstkamera&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-5-88431-299-9&rft.aulast=Almazov&rft.aufirst=Issa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.kunstkamera.ru%2Ffiles%2Flib%2F978-5-88431-299-9%2F978-5-88431-299-9_15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArsanukaeva2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arsanukaeva, Malika (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/natsionalnye-formirovaniya-narodov-kavkaza-v-pervoy-mirovoy-voyne-1914-1918-gody">"Национальные формирования народов Кавказа в Первой мировой войне (1914–1918 годы)"</a> [National Units of the Peoples of the Caucasus in the First World War (1914–1918)]. <i>Law Studies</i> (in Russian) (2): 5–11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+Studies&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5+%281914%E2%80%931918+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=5-11&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Arsanukaeva&rft.aufirst=Malika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fnatsionalnye-formirovaniya-narodov-kavkaza-v-pervoy-mirovoy-voyne-1914-1918-gody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiagini2015" class="citation book cs1">Biagini, Antonello (2015). <i>The First World War Analysis and Interpretation, Volume 2</i>. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-8531-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-8531-7"><bdi>978-1-4438-8531-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War+Analysis+and+Interpretation%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-8531-7&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=Antonello&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiges2014" class="citation book cs1">Figes, Orlando (2014). <i>A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924</i>. London: The Bodley Head. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847922915" title="Special:BookSources/9781847922915"><bdi>9781847922915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People%27s+Tragedy%3A+The+Russian+Revolution+1891%E2%80%931924&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Bodley+Head&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781847922915&rft.aulast=Figes&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosok1955" class="citation journal cs1">Kosok, Pshemakho (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abkhazworld.com/aw/Pdf/Kosok.pdf">"Revolution and Sovietization in the North Caucasus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Caucasian Review</i> (1): 47–53<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caucasian+Review&rft.atitle=Revolution+and+Sovietization+in+the+North+Caucasus&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-53&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Kosok&rft.aufirst=Pshemakho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabkhazworld.com%2Faw%2FPdf%2FKosok.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarzoevAtabiev2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marzoev, Islam-Bek; Atabiev, Hanafi (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zabytye-geroi-zabytoy-voyny-iz-istorii-kabardinskogo-konnogo-polka">"Забытые герои забытой войны: из истории Кабардинского конного полка"</a> [Forgotten heroes of a forgotten war: History of the Kabardinian Cavalry Regiment]. <i>Izvestia SOIGSI</i> (in Russian). <b>18</b> (57): 110–127<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Izvestia+SOIGSI&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=57&rft.pages=110-127&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Marzoev&rft.aufirst=Islam-Bek&rft.au=Atabiev%2C+Hanafi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fzabytye-geroi-zabytoy-voyny-iz-istorii-kabardinskogo-konnogo-polka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpryshko2014" class="citation book cs1">Opryshko, Oleg (2014). <i>Кабардинцы и балкарцы в составе Кабардинского конного полка в Первой мировой войне 1914–1918 гг</i> [<i>Kabardinians and Balkarians in the Kabardinian Cavalry Regiment during the First World War (1914–1918)</i>]. Nalchik: Kabardinian-Balkarian Institute of Humanities. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-91766-093-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-91766-093-6"><bdi>978-5-91766-093-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5+1914%E2%80%931918+%D0%B3%D0%B3&rft.place=Nalchik&rft.pub=Kabardinian-Balkarian+Institute+of+Humanities&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-91766-093-6&rft.aulast=Opryshko&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalihova2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Salihova, Leila (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kabardinskiy-konnyy-polk-v-gody-pervoy-mirovoy-voyny">"Кабардинский конный полк в годы первой мировой войны"</a> [The Kabardinian Cavalry Regiment in the Years of World War I]. <i>Bulletin of the Dagestani Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences</i> (in Russian). <b>3</b> (39): 90–93<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Dagestani+Institute+for+Humanities+of+the+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=90-93&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Salihova&rft.aufirst=Leila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fkabardinskiy-konnyy-polk-v-gody-pervoy-mirovoy-voyny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkovMamsirov2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Venkov, Andrey; Mamsirov, Khamitbi (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kavkazskaya-konnaya-tuzemnaya-diviziya-i-ee-komandir-velikiy-knyaz-mihail-aleksandrovich-v-period-pervoy-mirovoy-voyny">"Кавказская конная туземная дивизия и ее командир великий князь Михаил Александрович в период Первой мировой войны"</a> [Caucasus Native Cavalry Division and its Commander Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich during World War I]. <i>University News. North Caucasus Region. Social Sciences Series</i> (in Russian). <b>5</b> (183): 38–45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+News.+North+Caucasus+Region.+Social+Sciences+Series&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=183&rft.pages=38-45&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Venkov&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft.au=Mamsirov%2C+Khamitbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fkavkazskaya-konnaya-tuzemnaya-diviziya-i-ee-komandir-velikiy-knyaz-mihail-aleksandrovich-v-period-pervoy-mirovoy-voyny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaucasian+Native+Cavalry+Division" 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href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Imperial Army">Ground forces</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/20px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/30px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg/40px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Senior administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Main_Headquarters" title="Imperial Main Headquarters">Imperial Main Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavka_of_the_Supreme_Commander" title="Stavka of the Supreme Commander">Stavka of the Supreme Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Ministry of War of the Russian Empire">Ministry of War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Fronts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Northwestern Front (Russian Empire)">Northwestern</a> (to 1915, then: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Northern Front (Russian Empire)">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Western Front (Russian Empire)">Western</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front_(Russian_Empire)" title="Romanian Front (Russian Empire)">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Front_(Russian_Republic)" title="Caucasus Front (Russian Republic)">Caucasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_armies_in_World_War_I" title="List of Russian armies in World War I">Field armies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Numbered" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Numbered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="1st Army (Russian Empire)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="2nd Army (Russian Empire)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="3rd Army (Russian Empire)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="4th Army (Russian Empire)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="5th Army (Russian Empire)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="6th Army (Russian Empire)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="7th Army (Russian Empire)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="8th Army (Russian Empire)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="9th Army (Russian Empire)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="10th Army (Russian Empire)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="11th Army (Russian Empire)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="12th Army (Russian Empire)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Army_(Russian_Empire)" title="13th Army (Russian Empire)">13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobruja_Army" title="Dobruja Army">Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Army_(Russian_Empire,_1916)" title="Danube Army (Russian Empire, 1916)">Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Army_(Russian_Empire,_1914%E2%80%931917)" title="Caucasus Army (Russian Empire, 1914–1917)">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Army" title="Special Army">Special</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Army_corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Army corps">Army corps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Guards_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="1st Guards Corps (Russian Empire)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Guards_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="2nd Guards Corps (Russian Empire)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenadier_Corps_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenadier Corps (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">Grenadier</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1st – 9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="1st Army Corps (Russian Empire)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="2nd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="3rd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="4th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="5th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="6th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="7th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="8th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="9th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">10th – 19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="10th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="11th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="12th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="13th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="14th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="15th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="16th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="17th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="18th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="19th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">20th – 29th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="20th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="21st Army Corps (Russian Empire)">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="22nd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="23rd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="24th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="25th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="26th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="27th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="28th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="29th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">30th – 39th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="30th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="31st Army Corps (Russian Empire)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="32nd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="33rd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="34th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="35th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="36th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="37th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="38th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="39th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">40th – 50th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="40th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="41st Army Corps (Russian Empire)">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="42nd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="43rd Army Corps (Russian Empire)">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="44th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="45th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="46th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="47th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="48th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="49th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="50th Army Corps (Russian Empire)">50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Caucasus_Army_Corps" title="1st Caucasus Army Corps">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Caucasus_Army_Corps" title="2nd Caucasus Army Corps">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Caucasus_Army_Corps" title="3rd Caucasus Army Corps">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Caucasus_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Caucasus Army Corps (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Caucasus_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Caucasus Army Corps (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Caucasus_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Caucasus Army Corps (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Caucasus_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Caucasus Army Corps (page does not exist)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terek-Kuban_Native_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terek-Kuban Native Corps (page does not exist)">Terek-Kuban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Siberian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Siberian_Army_Corps" title="1st Siberian Army Corps">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Siberian_Army_Corps" title="2nd Siberian Army Corps">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Siberian_Army_Corps" title="3rd Siberian Army Corps">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Siberian_Army_Corps" title="4th Siberian Army Corps">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Siberian_Army_Corps" title="5th Siberian Army Corps">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Siberian_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Siberian Army Corps (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Siberian_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Siberian Army Corps (page does not exist)">7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Turkestan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Turkestan_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Turkestan Army Corps (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Turkestan_Army_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Turkestan Army Corps (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Polish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_I_Corps_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish I Corps in Russia">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_II_Corps_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish II Corps in Russia">II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_III_Corps_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish III Corps in Russia (page does not exist)">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Ukrainian_Corps" title="1st Ukrainian Corps">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Sich_Zaporozhian_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Sich Zaporozhian Corps (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Volunteer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Legion" title="Czechoslovak Legion">Czechoslovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Volunteer_Corps_in_Russia" title="Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_volunteer_units" title="Armenian volunteer units">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgian Corps (page does not exist)">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Volunteer_Division" title="First Serbian Volunteer Division">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cavalry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Numbered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="1st Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="2nd Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="3rd Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="4th Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)" title="5th Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Native_Cavalry_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Caucasus_Cavalry_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Caucasus Cavalry Corps (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Caucasus_Cavalry_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Caucasus Cavalry Corps (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guards_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guards Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combined_Cavalry_Corps_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combined Cavalry Corps (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">Combined</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Corps_of_Gendarmes" title="Special Corps of Gendarmes">Gendarmes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feldj%C3%A4ger_Corps_(Russian_Empire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feldjäger Corps (Russian Empire) (page does not exist)">Feldjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Expeditionary_Force_in_France" title="Russian Expeditionary Force in France">Expeditionary</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968519#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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