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« L’internationalisation de la gouvernance des grandes entreprises françaises contribue à leur faire prendre une trajectoire de déracinement »
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</li> </ul> <h1 class="article__title article__title--opinion">« L’internationalisation de la gouvernance des grandes entreprises françaises contribue à leur faire prendre une trajectoire de déracinement »</h1> <section class="article__authors"> <h2 class="article__opinion-type"> <a class="article__section" href="/idees-tribunes/">Tribune</a> </h2> <a class="article__author article__author-link" href="/signataires/haithem-nagati/"> <section class="article__author-description "> <p class="article__author-identity">Haithem Nagati</p> </section> </a> <a class="article__author article__author-link" href="/signataires/bertrand-valiorgue-2/"> <section class="article__author-description "> <p class="article__author-identity">Bertrand Valiorgue</p> </section> </a> <a class="article__author article__author-link" href="/signataires/sebastien-winston/"> <section class="article__author-description "> <p class="article__author-identity">Sébastien Winston</p> <p class="article__author-job">Chercheurs à l’Institut français de gouvernement des entreprises, EM Lyon Business School</p> </section> </a> </section> <p class="article__desc article__desc--opinion">Trois chercheurs en gestion, Haithem Nagati, Bertrand Valiorgue et Sébastien Winston, montrent, dans une tribune au « Monde », pourquoi les « champions nationaux » s’alignent de moins en moins sur les priorités politiques de la France.</p> <p class="meta meta__publisher meta__publisher--opinion"> <span class="meta__date">Publié hier à 17h15</span> <span class="meta__reading-time meta__reading-time--opinion"> <span class="icon__reading-time icon__reading-time--opinion"></span> <span><span class="sr-only">Temps de </span>Lecture 3 min.</span> </span> </p> <div class="share-btns meta meta__social meta__social--opinion "> <button class="js-lmd-modal-gift-not-sub-toggler lmd-btn-rounded lmd-btn-rounded--secondary lmd-btn-rounded--m" aria-label="Offrir l’article" aria-haspopup="true" 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article__wrapper--premium"> <article class="article__content old__article-content-single"> <p class="article__paragraph "><span class="article__inner">L</span>’économie française est en grande partie construite autour du mythe du « champion national », c’est-à-dire de la grande entreprise qui, grâce à ses talents et ses savoir-faire, rayonne à l’international et participe à l’accroissement de la prospérité française. Ce mythe est puissamment enraciné dans la culture française.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Ses origines remontent à <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2002/12/16/colbert-ou-le-dirigisme-a-la-francaise-par-pierre-bezbakh_302410_1819218.html">Colbert</a> (1619-1683), ministre de la marine et des colonies de Louis XIV, qui a lancé de nombreuses initiatives (comme la Compagnie des Indes) afin d’accroître la prospérité du royaume de France en partant à la conquête de marchés situés bien au-delà des frontières nationales</p> <div id="inread_top" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Ce <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2024/02/09/l-idee-selon-laquelle-la-globalisation-aurait-demantele-les-economies-nationales-est-inexacte_6215615_3232.html">mythe du champion national </a>est aujourd’hui incarné par des entreprises comme TotalEnergies, Hermès, LVMH, Renault, Schneider Electric, L’Oréal, Sanofi… Ces grandes entreprises, que l’on retrouve au sein du CAC 40 et du SBF 120, font la fierté française, et l’actualité économique ne rate jamais une occasion de célébrer telle ou telle réussite de nos champions nationaux à l’échelle internationale.</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title catcher__title--hide">Lire aussi |</span><span class="catcher__desc"> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés</span></span> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2021/12/10/la-puissance-publique-a-progressivement-abandonne-ses-champions-nationaux_6105525_3232.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="1">« La puissance publique a progressivement abandonné ses champions nationaux »</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="3250987" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2021/12/10/la-puissance-publique-a-progressivement-abandonne-ses-champions-nationaux_6105525_3232.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Si l’internationalisation et la conquête de marchés sont des caractéristiques bien connues de nos champions nationaux, leur gouvernance est en revanche peu souvent analysée et commentée. Or cette dernière a subi des transformations très importantes durant ces vingt dernières années dont nous n’avons pas encore pris la pleine mesure.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title">Des administrateurs français minoritaires</h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Leur étude fait ressortir des tendances assez préoccupantes pour l’avenir de nos champions nationaux, dont les liens avec le contexte national sont en train de se distendre dans des proportions historiquement inédites (<a href="https://www.ifge-online.org/publications/preuves-a-lappui-vers-un-grand-deracinement/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre" >« Vers un grand déracinement ? Gouvernance et empreinte économique des entreprises françaises cotées »</a>, Haithem Nagati, Bertrand Valiorgue et Sébastien Winston, <em>Preuves à l’appui</em>, cahier n° 7, Institut français de gouvernement des entreprises, EM Lyon).</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title catcher__title--hide">Lire aussi :</span><span class="catcher__desc"> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés</span></span> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2023/09/08/les-multinationales-sont-loin-d-avoir-tire-les-consequences-geopolitiques-de-leur-puissance-nouvelle_6188408_3232.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="1">« Les multinationales sont loin d’avoir tiré les conséquences géopolitiques de leur puissance nouvelle »</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="3336803" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2023/09/08/les-multinationales-sont-loin-d-avoir-tire-les-consequences-geopolitiques-de-leur-puissance-nouvelle_6188408_3232.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Depuis 2017, le capital des grandes entreprises françaises cotées n’est plus majoritairement détenu par des actionnaires français. En moins de vingt ans, l’actionnariat français des grandes entreprises cotées est passé de 72 % à 34 %, entraînant avec lui une évolution profonde de la sociologie des actionnaires, de leurs attentes et de leurs comportements. Les profils des dirigeants et des administrateurs sont eux aussi en voie d’internationalisation avancée.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">En 2023, 82 % des dirigeants étaient de nationalité française, contre 90 % en 2015. Au niveau des administrateurs, il y avait 92 % de Français en 2015, contre 74 % en 2023. Si cette dynamique devait se poursuivre, il est probable qu’avant 2035, les administrateurs français deviendront minoritaires au sein des conseils d’administration.</p> <p class="reading-mode-only "><strong>Il vous reste 48.74% de cet article à lire. 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