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class="teaser__media" onerror="this.src='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mN88erdfwAJQwPBWq9HpgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';this.srcset='';this.sizes='';" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/5/5202/3468/630/420/75/0/526b2e7_sirius-fs-upload-1-l3qg5xguemwl-1742559247887-000-par7514494.jpg 630w, https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/5/5202/3468/530/353/75/0/526b2e7_sirius-fs-upload-1-l3qg5xguemwl-1742559247887-000-par7514494.jpg 530w, https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/5/5202/3468/315/210/75/0/526b2e7_sirius-fs-upload-1-l3qg5xguemwl-1742559247887-000-par7514494.jpg 315w, https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/5/5202/3468/265/176/75/0/526b2e7_sirius-fs-upload-1-l3qg5xguemwl-1742559247887-000-par7514494.jpg 265w" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/5/5202/3468/315/210/75/0/526b2e7_sirius-fs-upload-1-l3qg5xguemwl-1742559247887-000-par7514494.jpg" 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width="163" height="109" alt="« Il n’y a pas de lien de cause à effet entre l’immigration et la hausse de la criminalité »"> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés</span> </span> <h3 class="teaser__title"> « Il n’y a pas de lien de cause à effet entre l’immigration et la hausse de la criminalité » </h3> </a> </section> <section class="teaser teaser--highlight "> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/24/irene-thery-sociologue-sur-la-definition-penale-du-viol-un-consensus-est-possible_6585328_3232.html"> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <img class="teaser__media" onerror="this.src='data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mN88erdfwAJQwPBWq9HpgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';this.srcset='';this.sizes='';" 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class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/17/0/0/3000/2000/780/520/60/0/2b325a7_1681719507518-energie-01.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/17/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/2b325a7_1681719507518-energie-01.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/17/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/2b325a7_1681719507518-energie-01.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/03/22/le-lien-entre-la-productivite-du-travail-et-la-viabilite-du-systeme-de-retraite-par-repartition-est-clair_6584637_3234.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 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data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/1/0/8192/5461/780/520/60/0/493d005_ftp-import-images-1-eymi5pg6hfzu-5359798-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/1/0/8192/5461/110/73/60/0/493d005_ftp-import-images-1-eymi5pg6hfzu-5359798-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/1/0/8192/5461/110/73/60/0/493d005_ftp-import-images-1-eymi5pg6hfzu-5359798-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/astrid-panosyan-bouvet-ministre-il-n-est-pas-question-de-sacrifier-notre-modele-social-mais-de-l-ameliorer_6584349_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Astrid Panosyan-Bouvet, ministre 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data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/6343/4229/780/520/60/0/9dd3efc_ftp-import-images-1-9ya381loeftt-5364853-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/6343/4229/110/73/60/0/9dd3efc_ftp-import-images-1-9ya381loeftt-5364853-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/6343/4229/110/73/60/0/9dd3efc_ftp-import-images-1-9ya381loeftt-5364853-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/robert-hirsch-l-attaque-sanglante-perpetree-par-le-hamas-a-accelere-la-derive-antisemite-insoumise_6584347_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Robert Hirsch, historien : « L’attaque 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data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/11/0/5458/3638/780/520/60/0/c186402_sirius-fs-upload-1-3uyap4cdw45m-1742558179914-000-33bv2nn.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/11/0/5458/3638/110/73/60/0/c186402_sirius-fs-upload-1-3uyap4cdw45m-1742558179914-000-33bv2nn.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/11/0/5458/3638/110/73/60/0/c186402_sirius-fs-upload-1-3uyap4cdw45m-1742558179914-000-33bv2nn.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/03/21/la-reforme-des-retraites-de-2023-n-est-pas-un-sujet-clos_6584330_3234.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Michaël Zemmour, économiste : « La réforme 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Selon lui, le ramadan fournit une occasion propice pour une réflexion sur la dimension spirituelle de la République.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 13h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/abdennour-bidar/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Abdennour Bidar</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <section class="friend friend--river"> <div class="OUTBRAIN js-outbrain-pos-3" data-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/" data-widget-id="SF_18"></div> </section> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/5901/3934/780/520/60/0/d3b82ed_ftp-import-images-1-m4pj6mzs3rk3-5364846-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/5901/3934/110/73/60/0/d3b82ed_ftp-import-images-1-m4pj6mzs3rk3-5364846-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/5901/3934/110/73/60/0/d3b82ed_ftp-import-images-1-m4pj6mzs3rk3-5364846-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/antisemitisme-les-mensonges-de-jean-luc-melenchon_6584319_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Éditorial</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Antisémitisme : les mensonges de Jean-Luc Mélenchon</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Après la publication d’une affiche de son mouvement reprenant des codes antijuifs des années 1930 pour caricaturer Cyril Hanouna, le chef de file de La France insoumise a préféré la colère et le déni plutôt que de regarder en face le regain d’antisémitisme qui n’épargne pas la gauche aujourd’hui.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 12h30, modifié le 21 mars 2025 à 12h55</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Le Monde</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/6000/4000/780/520/60/0/936a45e_ftp-import-images-1-6a02x00ewycx-2025-03-20t144954z-414321539-rc21hdassna0-rtrmadp-3-france-politics-pensions.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/936a45e_ftp-import-images-1-6a02x00ewycx-2025-03-20t144954z-414321539-rc21hdassna0-rtrmadp-3-france-politics-pensions.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/936a45e_ftp-import-images-1-6a02x00ewycx-2025-03-20t144954z-414321539-rc21hdassna0-rtrmadp-3-france-politics-pensions.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/aucune-negociation-sur-les-retraites-ne-peut-aboutir-car-le-patronat-n-a-aucun-interet-a-trouver-un-accord_6584313_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Entretien</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Aucune négociation sur les retraites ne peut aboutir car le patronat n’a aucun intérêt à trouver un accord »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La sociologue Claire Vivès, spécialiste des questions sociales, explique, dans un entretien au « Monde », que, pour qu’une négociation sur les retraites ait du sens, il faudrait que le patronat craigne de voir l’Etat reprendre la main. 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src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/18/61/0/2048/1365/110/73/60/0/e80769c_1734539893440-000-sapa971127017240.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/pour-que-l-antisionisme-ne-serve-plus-de-pretexte-a-l-antisemitisme_6584276_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Pour que l’antisionisme ne serve plus de prétexte à l’antisémitisme ! »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">A l’initiative du collectif Nous vivrons, un collectif de plus de 200 personnalités, parmi lesquelles Elisabeth Badinder, Aurore Bergé et François Hollande, souligne, dans une tribune au « Monde », la montée d’un antisionisme qui cache un antisémitisme actif.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 11h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/collectif/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Collectif</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/8857/5905/780/520/60/0/9513860_ftp-import-images-1-y7becdgumg54-5363002-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/8857/5905/110/73/60/0/9513860_ftp-import-images-1-y7becdgumg54-5363002-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/8857/5905/110/73/60/0/9513860_ftp-import-images-1-y7becdgumg54-5363002-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/l-administration-trump-met-en-peril-l-acces-a-la-prevention-et-au-depistage-du-vih_6584275_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« L’administration Trump met en péril l’accès à la prévention et au dépistage du VIH »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le démantèlement de l’Usaid voulu par le président américain met la science en danger et menace des millions de vies dans le monde, soulignent, dans une tribune au Monde, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Line Renaud et Florence Thune, dirigeantes de Sidaction, qui se tient du 21 au 23 mars.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 11h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francoise-barre-sinoussi/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/line-renaud/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Line Renaud</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/florence-thune/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Florence Thune</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/361/0/780/520/780/520/60/0/7c4c1eb_sirius-fs-upload-1-qetncy6dzkxk-1742296108330-9782234096530-001-x.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/361/0/780/520/110/73/60/0/7c4c1eb_sirius-fs-upload-1-qetncy6dzkxk-1742296108330-9782234096530-001-x.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/361/0/780/520/110/73/60/0/7c4c1eb_sirius-fs-upload-1-qetncy6dzkxk-1742296108330-9782234096530-001-x.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/radio-vladimir-recit-de-dissidences-dans-la-russie-de-poutine_6584250_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Critique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Radio Vladimir » : récit de dissidences dans la Russie de Poutine</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Filipp Dzyadko, petit-fils et fils de dissidents, raconte les actes de bravoure de ceux qui, sous l’URSS comme aujourd’hui, osent au quotidien affronter le Kremlin.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 09h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/benjamin-quenelle/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Benjamin Quénelle</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5146/3431/780/520/60/0/bc8dabf_ftp-import-images-1-grvctlocixkn-5343005-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5146/3431/110/73/60/0/bc8dabf_ftp-import-images-1-grvctlocixkn-5343005-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/5146/3431/110/73/60/0/bc8dabf_ftp-import-images-1-grvctlocixkn-5343005-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/s-aliener-les-supporteurs-c-est-condamner-l-avenir-du-football-francais_6584244_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« S’aliéner les supporteurs, c’est condamner l’avenir du football français »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Privilégier les mesures collectives, comme la dissolution de groupes de supporteurs, pour lutter contre les violences et les comportements haineux dans les stades risque d’aggraver la situation sur place et de fragiliser davantage un milieu en pleine crise économique, plaide un collectif d’élus emmené par le député socialiste Pierrick Courbon dans une tribune au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 07h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/collectif/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Collectif</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/365/488/2531/1687/780/520/60/0/51eaf31_sirius-fs-upload-1-rowqrzdhqmm4-1742482775605-p94425-hd.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/365/488/2531/1687/110/73/60/0/51eaf31_sirius-fs-upload-1-rowqrzdhqmm4-1742482775605-p94425-hd.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/365/488/2531/1687/110/73/60/0/51eaf31_sirius-fs-upload-1-rowqrzdhqmm4-1742482775605-p94425-hd.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/03/21/le-spatial-est-devenu-un-champ-de-bataille-potentiel-et-il-faut-s-y-preparer_6584138_3234.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Entretien</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Le spatial est devenu un champ de bataille potentiel et il faut s’y préparer »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Dans un entretien au « Monde », le PDG du CNES, Lionel Suchet, constate une remise en cause possible de la collaboration spatiale entre les Etats-Unis et l’Europe sur nombre de projets depuis l’arrivée de Donald Trump à la présidence américaine avec, à ses côtés, le patron de SpaceX, Elon Musk. Il veut croire dans le modèle européen et sa montée en puissance.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 05h30, modifié le 21 mars 2025 à 12h24</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/dominique-gallois/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Dominique Gallois</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/olivier-pinaud/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Olivier Pinaud</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/786/0/2790/1860/780/520/60/0/7d19c1d_sirius-fs-upload-1-3tf7hjyhfu9x-1742397935729-dror-mishani.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/786/0/2790/1860/110/73/60/0/7d19c1d_sirius-fs-upload-1-3tf7hjyhfu9x-1742397935729-dror-mishani.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/786/0/2790/1860/110/73/60/0/7d19c1d_sirius-fs-upload-1-3tf7hjyhfu9x-1742397935729-dror-mishani.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/dror-mishani-ecrivain-israelien-le-traumatisme-du-7-octobre-a-fait-de-notre-pays-une-societe-obsedee-par-la-vengeance_6584134_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Entretien</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Dror Mishani, écrivain israélien : « Le traumatisme du 7-Octobre a fait de notre pays une société obsédée par la vengeance »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">L’écrivain israélien publie « Au ras du sol », une réflexion sur ce que peut la fiction dans un pays en guerre contre le Hamas. Dans un entretien au « Monde », il déplore le fait que les Palestiniens ne sont plus considérés comme des êtres humains, mais comme des « ennemis sans visage ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 05h00, modifié le 21 mars 2025 à 17h41</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/raphaelle-rerolle/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Raphaëlle Rérolle</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/09/0/0/7204/4802/780/520/60/0/248c90a_5475251-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/09/0/0/7204/4802/110/73/60/0/248c90a_5475251-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/12/09/0/0/7204/4802/110/73/60/0/248c90a_5475251-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/terrestres-une-revue-en-ligne-qui-concilie-militantisme-et-savoirs-ecologiques_6584132_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Critique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Terrestres », une revue en ligne qui concilie militantisme et savoirs écologiques</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Dans une série intitulée « A69, du goudron et des thunes », la revue des « écologies radicales » propose un ensemble d’articles sur le projet d’autoroute A69, annulé par le tribunal administratif de Toulouse en février.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 mars 2025 à 05h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/julien-vincent/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Julien Vincent</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/7521/5014/780/520/60/0/f6443f1_ftp-import-images-1-mlegbwkhcb2x-442c58d52ad048a1a370e3b559c99ccf-0-a68d622a2ce04a9bb64eefefac6515a6.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/7521/5014/110/73/60/0/f6443f1_ftp-import-images-1-mlegbwkhcb2x-442c58d52ad048a1a370e3b559c99ccf-0-a68d622a2ce04a9bb64eefefac6515a6.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/7521/5014/110/73/60/0/f6443f1_ftp-import-images-1-mlegbwkhcb2x-442c58d52ad048a1a370e3b559c99ccf-0-a68d622a2ce04a9bb64eefefac6515a6.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/21/trump-a-fait-un-putsch-au-kennedy-center-et-il-n-a-pas-choisi-ce-fleuron-culturel-au-hasard_6584123_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Trump a fait un putsch au Kennedy Center, et il n’a pas choisi ce fleuron culturel au hasard »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Donald Trump s’est autoproclamé président de ce complexe de spectacle situé à Washington, et dépendant de l’Etat fédéral. 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<section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/545/667/744/496/780/520/60/0/2167508_sirius-fs-upload-1-a7hans4w2izp-1742481594454-8e9f33aa-israel-gaza-03-25.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/545/667/744/496/110/73/60/0/2167508_sirius-fs-upload-1-a7hans4w2izp-1742481594454-8e9f33aa-israel-gaza-03-25.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/545/667/744/496/110/73/60/0/2167508_sirius-fs-upload-1-a7hans4w2izp-1742481594454-8e9f33aa-israel-gaza-03-25.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/cartooningforpeace/2025/03/20/gaza-israel-a-rompu-la-treve/"> <h3 class="teaser__title">Gaza : Israël a rompu la trêve</h3> <p class="teaser__desc"></p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 20 mars 2025 à 15h40</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Le Monde</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/4658/3105/780/520/60/0/1453c9e_ftp-import-images-1-zbcvldvfh7oe-a74fa9b6afc74e809a53dafae98c2330-0-7c2bf4b412da4d0faf6c208c88b7d059.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/4658/3105/110/73/60/0/1453c9e_ftp-import-images-1-zbcvldvfh7oe-a74fa9b6afc74e809a53dafae98c2330-0-7c2bf4b412da4d0faf6c208c88b7d059.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" 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dans une tribune au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 20 mars 2025 à 15h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/mathieu-belezi/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Mathieu Belezi</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/5221/3481/780/520/60/0/724edba_ftp-import-images-1-66flusjy2mga-5359658-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/0/0/5221/3481/110/73/60/0/724edba_ftp-import-images-1-66flusjy2mga-5359658-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" 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class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/christophe-ayad/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Christophe Ayad</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/06/0/0/6000/4000/780/520/60/0/301753a_ftp-import-images-1-n4gmr3i7y5nm-01cc194a0d6244b9aa604b7dffbe7f9b-0-46a91049ceef40f4a6e8168670443275.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/06/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/301753a_ftp-import-images-1-n4gmr3i7y5nm-01cc194a0d6244b9aa604b7dffbe7f9b-0-46a91049ceef40f4a6e8168670443275.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" 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teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/1/0/4000/2666/780/520/60/0/d4e0c25_sirius-fs-upload-1-714br7ymjju8-1742315275383-000-33zn827.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/1/0/4000/2666/110/73/60/0/d4e0c25_sirius-fs-upload-1-714br7ymjju8-1742315275383-000-33zn827.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/1/0/4000/2666/110/73/60/0/d4e0c25_sirius-fs-upload-1-714br7ymjju8-1742315275383-000-33zn827.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/20/pour-l-afrique-la-suspension-par-les-etats-unis-des-accords-commerciaux-de-l-agoa-sonnerait-comme-un-nouveau-retrait-de-washington_6583813_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Pour l’Afrique, la suspension par les Etats-Unis des accords commerciaux de l’AGOA sonnerait comme un nouveau retrait de Washington »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le credo protectionniste de Donald Trump met en péril le maintien de ce programme de préférences commerciales bénéficiant au continent africain. 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Rajan, ancien économiste en chef du Fonds monétaire international, dans une tribune au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 20 mars 2025 à 07h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/raghuram-g-rajan/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Raghuram G. Rajan</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/183/0/400/266/780/520/60/0/a4759e9_sirius-fs-upload-1-rnibrbs03p6g-1742217462141-enseignants-le-grand-da-classement.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/183/0/400/266/110/73/60/0/a4759e9_sirius-fs-upload-1-rnibrbs03p6g-1742217462141-enseignants-le-grand-da-classement.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/183/0/400/266/110/73/60/0/a4759e9_sirius-fs-upload-1-rnibrbs03p6g-1742217462141-enseignants-le-grand-da-classement.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/emploi/article/2025/03/20/geraldine-farges-sociologue-et-igor-martinache-politiste-le-travail-des-enseignants-change-avec-l-arrivee-de-pratiques-empruntees-au-secteur-prive_6583798_1698637.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Entretien</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Géraldine Farges, sociologue, et Igor Martinache, politiste : « Le travail des enseignants change avec l’arrivée de pratiques empruntées au secteur privé »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les professeurs reçoivent de plus en plus de prescriptions sur la manière d’enseigner, et doivent rendre des comptes afin de démontrer qu’ils ont réalisé le travail attendu, expliquent les deux directeurs de l’ouvrage collectif « Enseignants : le grand déclassement ? » dans un entretien au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 20 mars 2025 à 07h00, modifié le 20 mars 2025 à 08h35</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francois-desnoyers/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">François Desnoyers</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/7273/4848/780/520/60/0/49464ff_ftp-import-images-1-xr0sgi0xjpvq-5349725-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/7273/4848/110/73/60/0/49464ff_ftp-import-images-1-xr0sgi0xjpvq-5349725-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/7273/4848/110/73/60/0/49464ff_ftp-import-images-1-xr0sgi0xjpvq-5349725-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/20/les-etats-unis-vus-par-trump-ne-comptent-que-sur-la-force-ils-n-ont-que-faire-de-leur-pouvoir-de-seduction-de-leur-soft-power_6583749_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les Etats-Unis vus par Trump ne comptent que sur la force. 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teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/8256/5504/780/520/60/0/bdf161d_ftp-import-images-1-j9gn5gewux4t-5342992-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/bdf161d_ftp-import-images-1-j9gn5gewux4t-5342992-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/bdf161d_ftp-import-images-1-j9gn5gewux4t-5342992-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/19/meme-unilaterale-la-decarbonisation-de-l-economie-europeenne-est-rentable_6583540_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span 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class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 mars 2025 à 11h00</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Le Monde</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/15/0/135/7759/5173/780/520/60/0/5307dc0_ftp-import-images-1-yb6b110kgmot-2025-03-15t003431z-1709590031-rc2addah6goo-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/15/0/135/7759/5173/110/73/60/0/5307dc0_ftp-import-images-1-yb6b110kgmot-2025-03-15t003431z-1709590031-rc2addah6goo-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/15/0/135/7759/5173/110/73/60/0/5307dc0_ftp-import-images-1-yb6b110kgmot-2025-03-15t003431z-1709590031-rc2addah6goo-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/19/l-administration-trump-poursuit-son-detricotage-des-normes-en-matiere-de-transparence-financiere_6583477_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Tribune</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« L’administration Trump poursuit son détricotage des normes en matière de transparence financière »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">En mettant fin à l’obligation de déclarer les bénéficiaires effectifs – le nom des détenteurs de sociétés –, les Etats-Unis tournent le dos à la transparence financière, constatent Solène Clément, avocate, et Patrick Lefas, président de Transparency International France, 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data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/954/0/3335/2223/110/73/60/0/94ebe66_sirius-fs-upload-1-gkv0pgttn3xh-1742196828277-bei-nei-dicte-chei-ron.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/954/0/3335/2223/110/73/60/0/94ebe66_sirius-fs-upload-1-gkv0pgttn3xh-1742196828277-bei-nei-dicte-chei-ron.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/19/benedicte-cheron-historienne-pendant-des-decennies-les-francais-ne-se-sont-pas-sentis-directement-concernes-par-les-rapports-de-force-internationaux_6583467_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Entretien</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Bénédicte Chéron, historienne : « Pendant des décennies, les Français ne se sont pas sentis directement concernés par les rapports de force 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Ce sentiment est aujourd’hui bousculé par la guerre en Ukraine et par la dégradation de l’alliance avec les Etats-Unis.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 mars 2025 à 09h00, modifié le 19 mars 2025 à 11h05</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/ariane-ferrand/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Ariane Ferrand</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/2270/1514/1812/1208/780/520/60/0/a44484c_sirius-fs-upload-1-dlnpdsh9g120-1742362308770-trump1.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/2270/1514/1812/1208/110/73/60/0/a44484c_sirius-fs-upload-1-dlnpdsh9g120-1742362308770-trump1.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/19/2270/1514/1812/1208/110/73/60/0/a44484c_sirius-fs-upload-1-dlnpdsh9g120-1742362308770-trump1.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/cartooningforpeace/2025/03/18/lukraine-suspendue-au-coup-de-fil-entre-trump-et-poutine/"> <h3 class="teaser__title">L’Ukraine, suspendue au coup de fil entre Trump et Poutine</h3> <p class="teaser__desc"></p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 mars 2025 à 06h32</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Le Monde</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/27/0/0/4253/2835/780/520/60/0/1f3a2c7_1682585728341-4903a4d-1680167844315-le-monde-carte-blanche-def-01.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/27/0/0/4253/2835/110/73/60/0/1f3a2c7_1682585728341-4903a4d-1680167844315-le-monde-carte-blanche-def-01.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/27/0/0/4253/2835/110/73/60/0/1f3a2c7_1682585728341-4903a4d-1680167844315-le-monde-carte-blanche-def-01.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2025/03/19/sur-l-avenir-de-l-ia-une-variete-de-points-de-vue_6583454_1650684.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Carte Blanche</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Sur l’avenir de l’IA, une variété de points de vue</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">A l’heure où la science est remise en cause, les débats qui opposent les sommités de l’intelligence artificielle permettent d’enrichir le discours scientifique, estiment Jean Ponce et Isabelle Ryl, dans leur carte blanche au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 mars 2025 à 06h00, modifié le 19 mars 2025 à 07h28</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/isabelle-ryl/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Isabelle Ryl</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/jean-ponce/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Jean Ponce</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/06/0/0/4496/2997/780/520/60/0/7c71dde_5404955-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/06/0/0/4496/2997/110/73/60/0/7c71dde_5404955-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/06/0/0/4496/2997/110/73/60/0/7c71dde_5404955-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/19/le-techno-feodalisme-une-expression-venue-de-la-science-fiction-pour-designer-la-mutation-du-capitalisme_6583409_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Décryptage</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Le « techno-féodalisme » une expression venue de la science-fiction pour désigner la mutation du capitalisme</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Prenant appui sur le système de domination des seigneurs sur les serfs, ce concept décrit le pouvoir économique et politique exercé sur nos vies par les géants de la Silicon Valley. Avec comme source d’enrichissement non pas le profit, mais la rente.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 mars 2025 à 05h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/pascal-riche/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Pascal Riché</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/86/0/3662/2441/780/520/60/0/d6e7836_sirius-fs-upload-1-dvezuwjjeldn-1742333393543-000-8un2rj.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/86/0/3662/2441/110/73/60/0/d6e7836_sirius-fs-upload-1-dvezuwjjeldn-1742333393543-000-8un2rj.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/86/0/3662/2441/110/73/60/0/d6e7836_sirius-fs-upload-1-dvezuwjjeldn-1742333393543-000-8un2rj.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/19/donald-trump-a-deja-surpasse-les-modeles-hongrois-et-polonais-tout-en-s-attaquant-aux-memes-piliers-systeme-judiciaire-medias-et-universites_6583404_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Donald Trump a déjà surpassé les modèles hongrois et polonais, tout en s’attaquant aux mêmes piliers : système judiciaire, médias et universités »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">En seulement deux mois, l’élève a dépassé le maître. Pour son entreprise de démantèlement de la démocratie libérale, l’administration Trump vise les mêmes cibles que les pionniers illibéraux de Budapest et de Varsovie, mais va plus vite et plus fort, observe, dans sa chronique, Sylvie Kauffmann, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 mars 2025 à 04h00, modifié le 19 mars 2025 à 06h28</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/sylvie-kauffmann/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sylvie Kauffmann</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/14/2/0/3762/2508/780/520/60/0/ace0aac_ftp-import-images-1-wq0vt0tzsjaz-2025-03-14t162500z-1175513382-rc23ddanub90-rtrmadp-3-alstom-france.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img 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data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/29/1596/1064/780/520/60/0/a5a3533_sirius-fs-upload-1-0niimktaaadw-1742290376482-meddy-tanzanie.jpeg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/29/1596/1064/110/73/60/0/a5a3533_sirius-fs-upload-1-0niimktaaadw-1742290376482-meddy-tanzanie.jpeg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/29/1596/1064/110/73/60/0/a5a3533_sirius-fs-upload-1-0niimktaaadw-1742290376482-meddy-tanzanie.jpeg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/18/vu-par-meddy_6583297_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Carte Blanche</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Vu par… Meddy</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le dessin paru en une du « Monde » le 18 mars est signé par le dessinateur tanzanien, membre de l’association Cartooning for Peace.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 18 mars 2025 à 16h00</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Le Monde</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/3390/2260/780/520/60/0/1dc51e5_sirius-fs-upload-1-w4lvytyemtpv-1742287693170-000-1qz7j7.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/3390/2260/110/73/60/0/1dc51e5_sirius-fs-upload-1-w4lvytyemtpv-1742287693170-000-1qz7j7.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/18/0/0/3390/2260/110/73/60/0/1dc51e5_sirius-fs-upload-1-w4lvytyemtpv-1742287693170-000-1qz7j7.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" 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