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class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/null-safety/faq"><div><span>FAQ</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-2"><span>Core libraries</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-core"><div><span>dart:core</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-async"><div><span>dart:async</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-math"><div><span>dart:math</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-convert"><div><span>dart:convert</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-io"><div><span>dart:io</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop"><div><span>dart:js_interop</span></div></a></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/collections/iterables"><div><span>Iterable collections</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-2-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-2-10"><span>Asynchronous programming</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-2-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/async-await"><div><span>Tutorial</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/futures-error-handling"><div><span>Futures and error handling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/using-streams"><div><span>Using streams</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/creating-streams"><div><span>Creating streams</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-3"><span>Effective Dart</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/style"><div><span>Style</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/documentation"><div><span>Documentation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/usage"><div><span>Usage</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/design"><div><span>Design</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-4" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="-sidenav-4"><span>Packages</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="-sidenav-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="/tools/pub/packages"><div><span>How to use packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/useful-packages"><div><span>Commonly used packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/create-packages"><div><span>Creating packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/publishing"><div><span>Publishing packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/writing-package-pages"><div><span>Writing package pages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/workspaces"><div><span>Workspaces (monorepo support)</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-4-7" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-4-7"><span>Package reference</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-4-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/dependencies"><div><span>Dependencies</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/glossary"><div><span>Glossary</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/package-layout"><div><span>Package layout conventions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/environment-variables"><div><span>Pub environment variables</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/pubspec"><div><span>Pubspec file</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/troubleshoot"><div><span>Troubleshooting pub</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/verified-publishers"><div><span>Verified publishers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/security-advisories"><div><span>Security advisories</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/versioning"><div><span>Versioning</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/custom-package-repositories"><div><span>Custom package repositories</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/private-files"><div><span>What not to commit</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-5"><span>Development</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/serialization/json"><div><span>JSON serialization</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/language/number-representation"><div><span>Number representation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/google-apis"><div><span>Google APIs</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/multiplatform-apps"><div><span>Multi-platform apps</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-5-5"><span>Command-line & server apps</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/server"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/get-started"><div><span>Get started</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/cmdline"><div><span>Write command-line apps</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/fetch-data"><div><span>Fetch data from the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/httpserver"><div><span>Write HTTP servers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/server/libraries"><div><span>Libraries & packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/server/google-cloud"><div><span>Google Cloud</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-5-6"><span>Web apps</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/get-started"><div><span>Get started</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/deployment"><div><span>Deployment</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/libraries"><div><span>Libraries & 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interop</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-6-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-6-4"><span>JavaScript interop</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-6-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/usage"><div><span>Usage</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/js-types"><div><span>JS types</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/tutorials"><div><span>Tutorials</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/past-js-interop"><div><span>Past JS interop</span></div></a></li><div 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class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#creating-a-pubspec">Creating a pubspec</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#getting-packages">Getting packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#importing-libraries-from-packages">Importing libraries from packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#upgrading-a-dependency">Upgrading a dependency</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#get-dependencies-for-production">Get dependencies for production</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#more-information">More information</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#how-to">How to</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#reference">Reference</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#pub-subcommands">Pub subcommands</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><article><div class="content"><div id="site-content-title"><h1>How to use packages</h1></div><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#creating-a-pubspec">Creating a pubspec</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#getting-packages">Getting packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#importing-libraries-from-packages">Importing libraries from packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#upgrading-a-dependency">Upgrading a dependency</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#get-dependencies-for-production">Get dependencies for production</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#more-information">More information</a><ul><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#how-to">How to</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#reference">Reference</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#pub-subcommands">Pub subcommands</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><p>The Dart ecosystem uses <em>packages</em> to manage shared software such as libraries and tools. To get Dart packages, you use the <strong>pub package manager</strong>. You can find publicly available packages on the <a href="https://pub.dev"><strong>pub.dev site</strong>,</a> or you can load packages from the local file system or elsewhere, such as Git repositories. Wherever your packages come from, pub manages version dependencies, helping you get package versions that work with each other and with your SDK version.</p><p>Most <a href="/tools#editors">Dart-savvy IDEs</a> offer support for using pub that includes creating, downloading, updating, and publishing packages. Or you can use <a href="/tools/pub/cmd"><code>dart pub</code> on the command line</a>.</p><p>At a minimum, a Dart package is a directory containing a <a href="/tools/pub/pubspec">pubspec file</a>. The pubspec contains some metadata about the package. Additionally, a package can contain dependencies (listed in the pubspec), Dart libraries, apps, resources, tests, images, and examples.</p><p>To use a package, do the following:</p><ul><li>Create a pubspec (a file named <code>pubspec.yaml</code> that lists package dependencies and includes other metadata, such as a version number).</li><li>Use <a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-get"><code>dart pub get</code></a> to retrieve your package's dependencies.</li><li>If your Dart code depends on a library in the package, import the library.</li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="creating-a-pubspec">Creating a pubspec</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#creating-a-pubspec" aria-label="Link to 'Creating a pubspec' section">#</a></div><p>The pubspec is a file named <code>pubspec.yaml</code> that's in the top directory of your application. The simplest possible pubspec lists only the package name:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">name</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">my_app</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Here is an example of a pubspec that declares dependencies on two packages (<code>intl</code> and <code>path</code>) that are hosted on the pub.dev site:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">name</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">my_app</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> intl</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">^0.20.0</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> path</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">^1.9.1</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>To update the <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file, without manual editing, you can run <code>dart pub add</code> command. The following example adds a dependency on <code>vector_math</code>.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub add vector_math</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Resolving dependencies... </span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">+ vector_math 2.1.3</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Downloading vector_math 2.1.3...</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Changed 1 dependency!</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>For details on creating a pubspec, see the <a href="/tools/pub/pubspec">pubspec documentation</a> and the documentation for the packages that you want to use.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="getting-packages">Getting packages</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#getting-packages" aria-label="Link to 'Getting packages' section">#</a></div><p>Once you have a pubspec, you can run <a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-get"><code>dart pub get</code></a> from the top directory of your application:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ cd <path-to-my_app></span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub get</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>This process is called <em>getting the dependencies</em>.</p><p>The <code>dart pub get</code> command determines which packages your app depends on, and puts them in a central <a href="/tools/pub/glossary#system-cache">system cache</a>. If your app depends on a published package, pub downloads that package from the <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev site.</a> For a <a href="/tools/pub/dependencies#git-packages">Git dependency</a>, pub clones the Git repository. Transitive dependencies are included, too. For example, if the <code>js</code> package depends on the <code>test</code> package, <code>pub</code> grabs both the <code>js</code> package and the <code>test</code> package.</p><p>Pub creates a <code>package_config.json</code> file (under the <code>.dart_tool/</code> directory) that maps each package name that your app depends on to the corresponding package in the system cache.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="importing-libraries-from-packages">Importing libraries from packages</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#importing-libraries-from-packages" aria-label="Link to 'Importing libraries from packages' section">#</a></div><p>To import libraries found in packages, use the <code>package:</code> prefix:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">import</span><span style="color:#11796D"> 'package:js/js.dart'</span><span style="color:#D43324"> as</span><span style="color:#222222"> js;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">import</span><span style="color:#11796D"> 'package:intl/intl.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>The Dart runtime takes everything after <code>package:</code> and looks it up within the <code>package_config.json</code> file for your app.</p><p>You can also use this style to import libraries from within your own package. Let's say that the <code>transmogrify</code> package is laid out as follows:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-plaintext"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>transmogrify/</span></span> <span class="line"><span> lib/</span></span> <span class="line"><span> transmogrify.dart</span></span> <span class="line"><span> parser.dart</span></span> <span class="line"><span> test/</span></span> <span class="line"><span> parser/</span></span> <span class="line"><span> parser_test.dart</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>The <code>parser_test.dart</code> file can import <code>parser.dart</code> like this:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">import</span><span style="color:#11796D"> 'package:transmogrify/parser.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="upgrading-a-dependency">Upgrading a dependency</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#upgrading-a-dependency" aria-label="Link to 'Upgrading a dependency' section">#</a></div><p>The first time you get a new dependency for your package, pub downloads the latest version of it that's compatible with your other dependencies. It then locks your package to <em>always</em> use that version by creating a <strong>lockfile</strong>. This is a file named <code>pubspec.lock</code> that pub creates and stores next to your pubspec. It lists the specific versions of each dependency (immediate and transitive) that your package uses.</p><p>If your package is an <a href="/tools/pub/glossary#application-package">application package</a> you should check this file into <a href="/tools/pub/private-files">source control</a>. That way, everyone working on your app uses the same versions of all of its dependencies. Checking in the lockfile also ensures that your deployed app uses the same versions of code.</p><p>When you're ready to upgrade your dependencies to the latest versions, use the <a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-upgrade"><code>dart pub upgrade</code></a> command:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub upgrade</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>The <code>dart pub upgrade</code> command tells pub to regenerate the lockfile, using the newest available versions of your package's dependencies. If you want to upgrade only one dependency, you can specify the package to upgrade:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub upgrade transmogrify</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>That command upgrades <code>transmogrify</code> to the latest version but leaves everything else the same.</p><p>The <code>dart pub upgrade</code> command can't always upgrade every package to its latest version, due to conflicting version constraints in the pubspec. To identify out-of-date packages that require editing the pubspec, use <a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-outdated"><code>dart pub outdated</code></a>.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="get-dependencies-for-production">Get dependencies for production</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#get-dependencies-for-production" aria-label="Link to 'Get dependencies for production' section">#</a></div><p>In some situations, <code>dart pub get</code> does not retrieve the exact package versions locked in the <code>pubspec.lock</code> file:</p><ul><li>If new dependencies are added to or removed from <code>pubspec.yaml</code> after the <code>pubspec.lock</code> file was last updated.</li><li>If the locked version no longer exists in the package repository.</li><li>If you changed to a different version of the Dart SDK, and some packages are no longer compatible with that new version.</li></ul><p>In these cases <code>dart pub get</code> will:</p><ul><li>Unlock enough of the locked dependency versions that a resolution becomes possible.</li><li>Notify you about any dependency changes relative to the existing <code>pubspec.lock</code>.</li></ul><p>For example, after adding <code>retry: ^3.0.0</code> to your dependencies:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub get</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Resolving dependencies... (1.0s)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Downloading packages... </span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">+ retry 3.1.2</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Also, if the <a href="/tools/pub/glossary#content-hashes">content hash</a> of a published package version differs from the hash in the <code>pubspec.lock</code> file, pub will warn you and update the lockfile to reflect the published version.</p><p>For example, if you manually change the hash of <code>retry</code> in <code>pubspec.lock</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub get</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Resolving dependencies... </span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Downloading packages... </span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">~ retry 3.1.2 (was 3.1.2)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">The existing content-hash from pubspec.lock doesn't match contents for:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> * retry-3.1.2 from "https://pub.dev"</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">This indicates one of:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> * The content has changed on the server since you created the pubspec.lock.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> * The pubspec.lock has been corrupted.</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">The content-hashes in pubspec.lock has been updated.</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">For more information see:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">https://dart.dev/go/content-hashes</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Changed 1 dependency!</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>When deploying your project to production, use <code>dart pub get --enforce-lockfile</code> to retrieve dependencies.</p><p>If your project's dependency constraints can't be satisfied with the exact versions and content hashes in <code>pubspec.lock</code>, package retrieval and the command will fail. This helps avoid deploying untested dependencies and dependency versions to production.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub get --enforce-lockfile</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Resolving dependencies... </span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Downloading packages... </span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">~ retry 3.1.2 (was 3.1.2)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">The existing content-hash from pubspec.lock doesn't match contents for:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> * retry-3.1.2 from "https://pub.dev"</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">This indicates one of:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> * The content has changed on the server since you created the pubspec.lock.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> * The pubspec.lock has been corrupted.</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">For more information see:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">https://dart.dev/go/content-hashes</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Would change 1 dependency.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Unable to satisfy `pubspec.yaml` using `pubspec.lock`.</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">To update `pubspec.lock` run `dart pub get` without `--enforce-lockfile`.</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="more-information">More information</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#more-information" aria-label="Link to 'More information' section">#</a></div><p>The following pages have more information about packages and the pub package manager.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="how-to">How to</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#how-to" aria-label="Link to 'How to' section">#</a></div><ul><li><a href="/tools/pub/create-packages">Creating packages</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/publishing">Publishing packages</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/workspaces">Pub workspaces (monorepo support)</a></li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="reference">Reference</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#reference" aria-label="Link to 'Reference' section">#</a></div><ul><li><a href="/tools/pub/dependencies">Pub dependencies</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/environment-variables">Pub environment variables</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/glossary">Pub glossary</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/package-layout">Pub package layout conventions</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/versioning">Pub versioning philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/pubspec">Pubspec format</a></li></ul><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="pub-subcommands">Pub subcommands</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#pub-subcommands" aria-label="Link to 'Pub subcommands' section">#</a></div><p>The <code>dart pub</code> tool provides the following subcommands:</p><ul><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-add"><code>add</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-cache"><code>cache</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-deps"><code>deps</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-downgrade"><code>downgrade</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-get"><code>get</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-global"><code>global</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-outdated"><code>outdated</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-lish"><code>publish</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-remove"><code>remove</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-token"><code>token</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-unpack"><code>unpack</code></a></li><li><a href="/tools/pub/cmd/pub-upgrade"><code>upgrade</code></a></li></ul><p>For an overview of all the <code>dart pub</code> subcommands, see the <a href="/tools/pub/cmd">pub tool documentation</a>.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#troubleshooting" aria-label="Link to 'Troubleshooting' section">#</a></div><p><a href="/tools/pub/troubleshoot">Troubleshooting pub</a> gives solutions to problems that you might encounter when using pub.</p><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects Dart 3.7.1. Page last updated on 2024-12-11.</span> <a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/tree/main/src/content/tools/pub/packages.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View source</a> <span>or </span><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/issues/new?template=1_page_issue.yml&page-url=https://dart.dev/tools/pub/packages/&page-source=https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/tree/main/src/content/tools/pub/packages.md" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report an issue</a>.</p></div></article></main></div><footer id="page-footer"><div class="footer-section footer-main"><a href="/" class="brand" title="Dart"><img src="/assets/img/logo/logo-white-text.svg" alt="Dart" width="164"></a><div class="footer-social-links"><a href="https://medium.com/dartlang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's Medium publication"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/medium.svg#medium"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's GitHub organization"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/github.svg#github"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/dart.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's Bluesky profile"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/bluesky.svg#bluesky"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://twitter.com/dart_lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's X (Twitter) profile"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/x.svg#x"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="footer-section footer-tray"><div class="footer-licenses">Except as otherwise noted, this site is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</a>.</div><div class="footer-utility-links"><ul><li><a href="/terms" title="Terms of use">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Privacy policy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/security" title="Security philosophy and practices">Security</a></li></ul></div></div></footer></div></body></html>