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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">South African statutory law for environmental management</div> <p>The <b>National Environmental Management Act, 1998</b> (Act No. 107 of 1998, abbreviated <b>NEMA</b>) is the statutory framework to enforce <a href="/wiki/Chapter_Two_of_the_Constitution_of_South_Africa#Environment" title="Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa">Section 24</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Republic of South Africa">Constitution of the Republic of South Africa</a>. The NEMA is intended to promote co-operative governance and ensure that the rights of people are upheld, but also recognising the necessity of economic development. NEMA supersedes the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Conservation_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Conservation Act (page does not exist)">Environmental Conservation Act</a>, which was inadequate to deal with enforcement, administration, and governance, and was written to be more successful in these aspects.<sup id="cite_ref-gondwana_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gondwana-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>To provide for co-operative, environmental governance by establishing principles for decision-making on matters that affect the environment, institutions will promote co-operative governance and procedures for co-ordinating environmental functions exercised by organs of state; and to provide for matters connected therewith.<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Promulgation">Promulgation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Promulgation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Published as: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_South_Africa1998" class="citation journal cs1">Republic of South Africa (22 November 1998). "National Environmental Management Act. 1998". <i>Government Gazette</i>. <b>401</b> (19519). Cape Town: Government Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management+Act.+1998&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=19519&rft.date=1998-11-22&rft.au=Republic+of+South+Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_1998_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The act repealed a large part of the Environment Conservation Act. 1989 (Act No, 73 of 1989).<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_1998_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: S50">: S50 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amendments">Amendments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amendments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 from 1 May 2004: Section 36<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management Amendment Act 56 of 2002 from 29 January 1999: Sections 1, 44<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management Amendment Act 46 of 2003 from 1 May 2005: Sections 1, 30-32, 34, 42, 47, 49<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management Amendment Act 8 of 2004 from 14 July 2004: Sections 1, 24, 43, 47, 50, Schedule 3<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 from 24 February 2005: Section 1<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management Laws Amendment Act 44 of 2008 from 11 September 2009: Section 1, 31<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Also amends Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989</li> <li>Also amends National Environment Laws Amendment Act 44 of 2008</li> <li>Also amends National Environment Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004</li></ul></li> <li>National Environmental Management Amendment Act 62 of 2008 from 1 May 2009: Section 1, 24, 42-43, 47<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Also amends Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989</li> <li>Also amends National Environment Laws Amendment Act 44 of 2008</li> <li>Also amends National Environment Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004</li></ul></li> <li>National Environmental Management Laws Amendment Act 14 of 2009: Section 1, 3, 11, 13, 15-16, 22, 28, 30-31, 34, Schedule 3<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Also amends Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989</li> <li>Also amends National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003</li> <li>Also amends National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004</li> <li>Also amends National Environment Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004</li></ul></li> <li>National Environmental Management Laws 2nd Amendment Act 30 of 2013 from 18 December 2014: Section 16, 23, 24, 30<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management Laws Second Amendment Act 30 of 2013 from 18 December 2013<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Environmental Management Laws Amendment Act 25 of 2014 from 2 September 2014<sup id="cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Also amends National Environmental Management Amendment Act 62 of 2008</li> <li>Also amends National Environmental Management: Waste Act 59 of 2008</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulations">Regulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: list regulations published under NEMA. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management:_Protected_Areas_Act,_57_of_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003 (page does not exist)">National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003</a><sup id="cite_ref-NEM:PAA,_2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEM:PAA,_2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Management:_Biodiversity_Act_10_of_2004" title="National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004">National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004</a><sup id="cite_ref-NEM:BA_2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEM:BA_2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management:_Air_Quality_Act_39_of_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 (page does not exist)">National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004</a><sup id="cite_ref-NEM:AQA_2004_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEM:AQA_2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management:_Integrated_Coastal_Management_Act_24_of_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act 24 of 2008 (page does not exist)">National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act 24 of 2008</a><sup id="cite_ref-NEM:ICMA_2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEM:ICMA_2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gondwana-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gondwana_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gondwanagroup.co.za/the-national-environmental-management-act/">"The National Environmental Management Act"</a>. <i>www.gondwanagroup.co.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gondwanagroup.co.za&rft.atitle=The+National+Environmental+Management+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gondwanagroup.co.za%2Fthe-national-environmental-management-act%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEMA_1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_1998_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_1998_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_1998_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_South_Africa1998" class="citation journal cs1">Republic of South Africa (22 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a107-98.pdf">"National Environmental Management Act. 1998"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Government Gazette</i>. <b>401</b> (19519). Cape Town: Government Printer – via <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gov.za/documents/national-environmental-management-act">https://www.gov.za/documents/national-environmental-management-act</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management+Act.+1998&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=19519&rft.date=1998-11-22&rft.au=Republic+of+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fgcis_document%2F201409%2Fa107-98.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|via=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEMA_amendments_list-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEMA_amendments_list_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/documents/national-environmental-management-act">"National Environmental Management Act"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fdocuments%2Fnational-environmental-management-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEM:PAA,_2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEM:PAA,_2003_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_South_Africa2004" class="citation journal cs1">Republic of South Africa (18 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/documents/national-environmental-management-protected-areas-act">"National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act"</a>. <i>Government Gazette</i>. <b>464</b> (26025). Cape Town: Government Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management%3A+Protected+Areas+Act&rft.volume=464&rft.issue=26025&rft.date=2004-02-18&rft.au=Republic+of+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fdocuments%2Fnational-environmental-management-protected-areas-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEM:BA_2004-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEM:BA_2004_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_South_Africa2004" class="citation journal cs1">Republic of South Africa (7 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a10-04.pdf">"National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Government Gazette</i>. <b>467</b> (26436). Cape Town: Government Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management%3A+Biodiversity+Act+10+of+2004&rft.volume=467&rft.issue=26436&rft.date=2004-06-07&rft.au=Republic+of+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fgcis_document%2F201409%2Fa10-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEM:AQA_2004-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEM:AQA_2004_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_South_Africa2005" class="citation journal cs1">Republic of South Africa (24 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a10-04.pdf">"National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Government Gazette</i>. <b>467</b> (27318). Cape Town: Government Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management%3A+Air+Quality+Act+39+of+2004&rft.volume=467&rft.issue=27318&rft.date=2005-02-24&rft.au=Republic+of+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fgcis_document%2F201409%2Fa10-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEM:ICMA_2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEM:ICMA_2008_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_South_Africa2009" class="citation journal cs1">Republic of South Africa (11 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/31884138.pdf">"National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act 24 of 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Government Gazette</i>. <b>524</b> (31884). Cape Town: Government Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=National+Environmental+Management%3A+Integrated+Coastal+Management+Act+24+of+2008&rft.volume=524&rft.issue=31884&rft.date=2009-02-11&rft.au=Republic+of+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fgcis_document%2F201409%2F31884138.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Environmental+Management+Act%2C+1998" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management_Act,_1998&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wylie.co.za/wp-content/uploads/NATIONAL-ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT-ACT-NO.-107-OF-1998.pdf">NEMA updated to Government Gazette 37713 dated 2 June 2014</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Marine protected areas of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Marine protected areas of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marine protected areas of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" title="Marine protected areas of South Africa">Marine protected areas of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal MPAs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addo_Elephant_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area">Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty%27s_Bay_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Betty's Bay Marine Protected Area">Betty's Bay Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird Island Marine Protected Area">Bird Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Hoop_Marine_Protected_Area" title="De Hoop Marine Protected Area">De Hoop Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwesa-Cwebe_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area">Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goukamma_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Goukamma Marine Protected Area">Goukamma Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helderberg_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Helderberg Marine Protected Area">Helderberg Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hluleka_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Hluleka Marine Protected Area">Hluleka Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISimangaliso_Marine_Protected_Area" title="ISimangaliso Marine Protected Area">iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutten_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Jutten Island Marine Protected Area">Jutten Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langebaan_Lagoon_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area">Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgas_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Malgas Island Marine Protected Area">Malgas Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Marcus Island Marine Protected Area">Marcus Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaqua_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area">Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondoland_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Pondoland Marine Protected Area">Pondoland Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robben_Island_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Robben Island Marine Protected Area">Robben Island Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robberg_Marine_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Robberg Marine Protected Area">Robberg Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocherpan_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Rocherpan Marine Protected Area">Rocherpan Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia_Bay_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Sardinia Bay Marine Protected Area">Sardinia Bay Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Mile_Beach_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Sixteen Mile Beach Marine Protected Area">Sixteen Mile Beach Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaai_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Stilbaai Marine Protected Area">Stilbaai Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_National_Park_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area">Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Trafalgar Marine Protected Area">Trafalgar Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsitsikamma_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area">Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UThukela_Banks_Marine_Protected_Area" title="UThukela Banks Marine Protected Area">uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Bay_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Walker Bay Whale Sanctuary">Walker Bay Whale Sanctuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offshore MPAs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Bank_Complex_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Agulhas Bank Complex Marine Protected Area">Agulhas Bank Complex Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Front_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Agulhas Front Marine Protected Area">Agulhas Front Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Muds_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Agulhas Muds Marine Protected Area">Agulhas Muds Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliwal_Shoal_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area">Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amathole_Offshore_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area">Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguela_Bank_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Benguela Bank Marine Protected Area">Benguela Bank Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguela_Muds_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Benguela Muds Marine Protected Area">Benguela Muds Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Bank_Complex_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Browns Bank Complex Marine Protected Area">Browns Bank Complex Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Bank_Corals_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Browns Bank Corals Marine Protected Area">Browns Bank Corals Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canyon_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Cape Canyon Marine Protected Area">Cape Canyon Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childs_Bank_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Childs Bank Marine Protected Area">Childs Bank Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISimangaliso_Offshore_Marine_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="ISimangaliso Offshore Marine Protected Area">iSimangaliso Offshore Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaqua_Fossil_Forest_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Namaqua Fossil Forest Marine Protected Area">Namaqua Fossil Forest Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Shelf_Edge_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Orange Shelf Edge Marine Protected Area">Orange Shelf Edge Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Islands_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area">Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protea_Banks_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Protea Banks Marine Protected Area">Protea Banks Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Atlantic_Seamounts_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Southeast Atlantic Seamounts Marine Protected Area">Southeast Atlantic Seamounts Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Indian_Seamounts_Marine_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Indian Seamounts Marine Protected Area">Southwest Indian Seamounts Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth_Corals_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area">Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UThukela_Banks_Marine_Protected_Area" title="UThukela Banks Marine Protected Area">uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CapeNature" title="CapeNature">CapeNature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Cape_Town" title="City of Cape Town">City of Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment,_Forestry_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries">Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Innovation" title="Department of Science and Innovation">Department of Science and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape_Parks" title="Eastern Cape Parks">Eastern Cape Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezemvelo_KZN_Wildlife" title="Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife">Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISimangaliso_Wetland_Park_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISimangaliso Wetland Park Authority (page does not exist)">iSimangaliso Wetland Park Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bay_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality">Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Parks" title="South African National Parks">South African National Parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_Geoscience" title="Council for Geoscience">Council for Geoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iziko_South_African_Museum" title="Iziko South African Museum">Iziko South African Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_(South_Africa)" title="National Research Foundation (South Africa)">National Research Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_University" title="Nelson Mandela University">Nelson Mandela University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanographic_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceanographic Research Institute (page does not exist)">Oceanographic Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Association_for_Marine_Biological_Research" title="South African Association for Marine Biological Research">South African Association for Marine Biological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Environmental_Observation_Network" title="South African Environmental Observation Network">South African Environmental Observation Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Aquatic_Biodiversity" title="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity">South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Biodiversity_Institute" title="South African National Biodiversity Institute">South African National Biodiversity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">University of Cape Town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerry_Sink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerry Sink (page does not exist)">Kerry Sink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPA species lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marine_animals_of_the_Cape_Peninsula_and_False_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="List of marine animals of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay">List of marine animals of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay</a></li> <li>Seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brown_seaweeds_of_the_Cape_Peninsula_and_False_Bay" title="List of brown seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_green_seaweeds_of_the_Cape_Peninsula_and_False_Bay" title="List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay">green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_red_seaweeds_of_the_Cape_Peninsula_and_False_Bay" title="List of red seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay">red</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Coelacanth_Ecosystem_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Coelacanth Ecosystem Program (page does not exist)">African Coelacanth Ecosystem Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_South_Africa" title="Biodiversity of South Africa">Biodiversity of South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biodiversity_of_South_Africa" title="Marine biodiversity of South Africa">Marine biodiversity of South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_ecoregions_of_the_South_African_exclusive_economic_zone" title="Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone">Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">Marine protected area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Living_Resources_Act,_18_of_1998" title="Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998">Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Environmental Management Act, 1998</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management:_Biodiversity_Act,_10_of_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004 (page does not exist)">National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management:_Integrated_Coastal_Management_Act,_24_of_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008 (page does not exist)">National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Environmental_Management:_Protected_Areas_Act,_57_of_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003 (page does not exist)">National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of South Africa">Protected areas of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba diving tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaKeys" title="SeaKeys">SeaKeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Marine protected areas of South Africa">Marine protected areas of South Africa</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></li> <li><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marine_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Marine protected areas of South Africa">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_protected_areas_of_South_Africa" title="Index of protected areas of South Africa">Index</a></b></li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_thinking.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Marine_protected_areas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of Marine protected areas (page does not exist)">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Africa" title="Law of South Africa">Law of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_Two_of_the_Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Statutes_and_other_Legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Statutes and other Legislation">Statutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_constitutional_law" title="South African constitutional law">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_administrative_law" title="South African administrative law">Administrative law</a></li> <li><a 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