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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lao and Thai cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lao_and_Thai_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ingredients</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ingredients-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ingredients subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rice_and_noodles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rice_and_noodles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rice and noodles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rice_and_noodles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetables,_herbs_and_spices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetables,_herbs_and_spices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vegetables, herbs and spices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetables,_herbs_and_spices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pastes_and_sauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pastes_and_sauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pastes and sauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pastes_and_sauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Meat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Insects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Fruits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kitchen_utensils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kitchen_utensils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kitchen utensils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kitchen_utensils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooking_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cooking methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eating_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eating_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eating customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eating_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dishes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dishes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dishes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Dips</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appetizers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appetizers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Appetizers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appetizers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Salads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soups_and_stews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soups_and_stews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Soups and stews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soups_and_stews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grilled_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grilled_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Grilled dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grilled_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steamed_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steamed_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Steamed dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steamed_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rice_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rice_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Rice dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rice_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noodles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noodles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Noodles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noodles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Breads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desserts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desserts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Desserts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desserts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Drinks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Drinks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-alcoholic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-alcoholic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Non-alcoholic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-alcoholic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcoholic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoholic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Alcoholic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoholic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lao cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="مطبخ لاوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطبخ لاوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="লাও ৰন্ধনপ্ৰণালী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লাও ৰন্ধনপ্ৰণালী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosk%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Laoská kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Laoská kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotische_K%C3%BCche" title="Laotische Küche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laotische Küche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_Laos" title="Gastronomía de Laos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de Laos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosa_kuirarto" title="Laosa kuirarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laosa kuirarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="آشپزی لائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آشپزی لائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_laotienne" title="Cuisine laotienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine laotienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="라오스 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라오스 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Լաոսական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լաոսական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidangan_Laos" title="Hidangan Laos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidangan Laos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_laotiana" title="Cucina laotiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina laotiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olah-olahan_Laos" title="Olah-olahan Laos – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olah-olahan Laos" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ლაოსური სამზარეულო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაოსური სამზარეულო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Laos" title="Masakan Laos – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masakan Laos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="ラオス料理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラオス料理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchnia_laota%C5%84ska" title="Kuchnia laotańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuchnia laotańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_do_Laos" title="Culinária do Laos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Culinária do Laos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Лаосская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаосская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="อาหารลาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาหารลาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Лаоська кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лаоська кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_L%C3%A0o" title="Ẩm thực Lào – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ẩm thực Lào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F" title="老挝饮食 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="老挝饮食" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tray_with_food_in_Laos.jpg/220px-Tray_with_food_in_Laos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tray_with_food_in_Laos.jpg/330px-Tray_with_food_in_Laos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tray_with_food_in_Laos.jpg/440px-Tray_with_food_in_Laos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5249" data-file-height="3937" /></a><figcaption>A Lao meal in Don Det, Laos</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_beef_nam_tok_(Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lao_beef_nam_tok_%28Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok%29.jpg/220px-Lao_beef_nam_tok_%28Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lao_beef_nam_tok_%28Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok%29.jpg/330px-Lao_beef_nam_tok_%28Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lao_beef_nam_tok_%28Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok%29.jpg/440px-Lao_beef_nam_tok_%28Lao_ping_sin_nam_tok%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Lao beef nam tok</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary traditions of Laos</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Laos" title="Category:Laos">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Laos" title="Culture of Laos">Culture of Laos</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/100px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/150px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/200px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos" title="History of Laos">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Laos">Peopling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khun_Borom" title="Khun Borom">Khun Borom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vat_Phou" title="Vat Phou">Vat Phou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang" title="Kingdom of Luang Phrabang">Luang Phrabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vientiane" title="Kingdom of Vientiane">Vientiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Champasak" title="Kingdom of Champasak">Champasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muang_Phuan" title="Muang Phuan">Muang Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">French protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Japanese invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Japanese puppet state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Issara" title="Lao Issara">Lao Issara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Kingdom of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochina_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina Wars">Indochina Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail" title="Ho Chi Minh trail">Ho Chi Minh trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathet_Lao" title="Pathet Lao">Pathet Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Laos" title="North Vietnamese invasion of Laos">Vietnamese invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Agreement_on_the_Neutrality_of_Laos" title="International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos_to_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Laos to 1945">History until 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Laos (1945–present)">History since 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Laotian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_conspiracy_allegation" title="2007 Laotian coup d'état conspiracy allegation">2007 coup attempt</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Laos">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Laos">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Lao_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traditional Lao clothing (page does not exist)">Costume</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_folklore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao folklore (page does not exist)">folklore</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivals of Laos">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Laos" title="Public holidays in Laos">Public holidays</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Laos">Art</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Lao_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Laos" title="Music of Laos">Music</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao Theatre (page does not exist)">performing arts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance in Laos">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Laos">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Laos">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Laos">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Laos">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Laos">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Laos">Architecture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" title="Flag of Laos">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Laos">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Laos">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/16px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/24px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/32px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Laos" title="Template:Culture of Laos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Laos" title="Template talk:Culture of Laos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Laos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Laos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Laos_in_Lao.svg/40px-Laos_in_Lao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Laos_in_Lao.svg/60px-Laos_in_Lao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Laos_in_Lao.svg/80px-Laos_in_Lao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="130" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Lao_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao alphabet">Lao script</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Lao cuisine</b> or <b>Laotian cuisine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ອາຫານລາວ</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ʔàː.hǎːn<span class="wrap"> </span>láːw]</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn"><i>ahan lao</i></i></span>) is the national <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>. </p><p>The staple food of the <a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sticky_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Sticky rice">sticky rice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າໜຽວ</span>, <i>khao niao</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰȁw<span class="wrap"> </span>nǐaw]</a></span>). Laos has the highest sticky rice consumption per-capita in the world with an average of 171 kilograms (377 lb) of sticky rice consumed annually per person.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sticky rice is deeply ingrained in the culture, religious tradition, and national identity of Laos. It is a common belief within the Lao community that no matter where they are in the world, sticky rice will always be the glue that holds the Lao communities together, connecting them to their culture and to Laos.<sup id="cite_ref-grain.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grain.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Affinity for sticky rice is considered the essence of what it means to be <a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sattaka_2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sattaka_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often the Lao will refer to themselves as <i>luk khao niao</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ລູກເຂົ້າໜຽວ</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[lùːk<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰȁw<span class="wrap"> </span>nǐaw]</a></span>), which can be translated as 'children or descendants of sticky rice'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a> (IRRI) has described Laos as a "collector's paradise".<sup id="cite_ref-grain.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grain.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laos has the highest degrees of biodiversity of sticky rice in the world. As of 2013, approximately 6,530 glutinous rice varieties were collected from five continents (Asia, South America, North America, Europe and Africa) where glutinous rice are grown for preservation at the International Rice Genebank (IRGC).<sup id="cite_ref-Sattaka_2016_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sattaka_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IRRI gathered more than 13,500 samples and 3,200 varieties of glutinous rice from Laos.<sup id="cite_ref-grain.org_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grain.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trifecta of Laos' national cuisine are sticky rice, <i><a href="/wiki/Larb" title="Larb">larb</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Green_papaya_salad" title="Green papaya salad">green papaya salad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຕຳໝາກຫຸ່ງ</span>, <span title="Lao-language text"><i lang="lo-Latn">tam mak hung</i></span>). The most famous Lao dish is <i>larb</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ລາບ</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[lâːp]</a></span>; sometimes also spelled <i>laab</i> or <i>laap</i>), a spicy mixture of marinated meat or fish that is sometimes raw (prepared like <i><a href="/wiki/Ceviche" title="Ceviche">ceviche</a></i>) with a variable combination of herbs, <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">greens</a>, and spices. </p><p>Lao cuisine has many regional variations, corresponding in part to the fresh foods local to each region. A French legacy is still evident in the capital city, <a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Baguette" title="Baguette">baguettes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າຈີ່</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰȁw<span class="wrap"> </span>tɕīː]</a></span>) are sold on the street and French restaurants are common and popular, which were first introduced when Laos was a part of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_the_Lao_cuisine">Origins of the Lao cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins of the Lao cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a> originally came from a northern region that is now part of China. As they moved south they brought their traditions with them.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to historical Lao migrations from Laos into neighboring regions, Lao cuisine has influenced the mainly Lao-populated region of <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Thailand">Northeastern Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LA_Weekly_2011-09-12_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA_Weekly_2011-09-12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lao foods were also introduced to <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Thailand" title="Northern Thailand">Northern Thailand</a><sup id="cite_ref-LA_Weekly_2011-09-12_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA_Weekly_2011-09-12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the Lao have migrated. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_(Siam),_Cambodia,_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858,_1859,_and_1860_(1864)_(14597037320).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_%28Siam%29%2C_Cambodia%2C_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858%2C_1859%2C_and_1860_%281864%29_%2814597037320%29.jpg/250px-Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_%28Siam%29%2C_Cambodia%2C_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858%2C_1859%2C_and_1860_%281864%29_%2814597037320%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_%28Siam%29%2C_Cambodia%2C_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858%2C_1859%2C_and_1860_%281864%29_%2814597037320%29.jpg/375px-Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_%28Siam%29%2C_Cambodia%2C_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858%2C_1859%2C_and_1860_%281864%29_%2814597037320%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_%28Siam%29%2C_Cambodia%2C_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858%2C_1859%2C_and_1860_%281864%29_%2814597037320%29.jpg/500px-Travels_in_the_central_parts_of_Indo-China_%28Siam%29%2C_Cambodia%2C_and_Laos_-_during_the_years_1858%2C_1859%2C_and_1860_%281864%29_%2814597037320%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="2150" /></a><figcaption>A 1864 drawing by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Mouhot" title="Henri Mouhot">Henri Mouhot</a> during his travels in Laos depicting Laotians cooking over a bonfire</figcaption></figure> <p>Like most Southeast Asian nations, Laos has been heavily influenced by Indian and Chinese culture. From time immemorial, Lao people traded directly with ancient China. It was the Indianization of Laos, however, that has had the most impact. The spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam into Southeast Asia during this period took with it Indian traditions and culture to what are now Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Burma, Cambodia and Laos where it took roots and continues to flourish to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also during this time that Buddhist monks introduced traditional Indian spices, curry, and coconut milk to Laos.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike most of its neighbours, Lao people's affinity for glutinous or sticky rice and Lao cuisine's heavy focus on sticky rice meant that coconut milk and noodles never played a significant role in Lao cuisine. Instead, coconut milk, curry and noodles are limited to a few Laotian soups, noodle dishes and sticky rice-based desserts. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a>, non-native crops—such as tomato, papaya, sweetcorn, pineapple, and chili peppers—were introduced to Southeast Asia probably through the various sea ports of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, Cambodia,<sup id="cite_ref-thalias_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thalias-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>. Through trades with the Portuguese and other Europeans, acceptance and cultivation of non-native crops and ingredients quickly spread throughout Southeast Asia. </p><p>By the mid-1500s, Europeans were exploring and trading with mainland Southeast Asia, reaching as far as Vientiane and <a href="/wiki/Luang_Prabang" title="Luang Prabang">Luang Prabang</a>. Some of the more notable Europeans who had travelled there or wrote extensively about their experiences were <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Mendes_Pinto" title="Fernão Mendes Pinto">Fernão Mendes Pinto</a> (1542-1545),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Veloso" title="Diogo Veloso">Diogo Veloso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blas_Ruiz" title="Blas Ruiz">Blas Ruiz</a> (1596),<sup id="cite_ref-thalias_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thalias-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geebard van Wusthof (1641),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Giovanni Filippo de Marini (1642-1648),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Pallegoix" title="Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix">Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix</a> (1830), and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Mouhot" title="Henri Mouhot">Henri Mouhot</a> (1861). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Simon_de_la_Loub%C3%A8re" title="Simon de la Loubère">Simon de la Loubère</a> (1642-1729) observed that the cultivation of the papaya was already widespread in <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> around the early-1700s<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the time Pallegoix arrived as missionary to Bangkok, the papaya and chili peppers was already fully integrated in the Lao territory, dependencies and the Southeast Asian food culture as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French explorer Mouhot, during his trip to Luang Prabang, noted that the Laotians adored chili peppers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lao_and_Thai_cuisine">Lao and Thai cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lao and Thai cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his book <i>Culture and Customs of Laos</i>, Arne Kislenko noted the following about Lao cuisine: </p> <blockquote><p> Any discussion about Lao cuisine cannot be limited to Laos. There are approximately six times more ethnic Lao in the Isan region of northeastern Thailand than in Laos itself, which makes it necessary to go beyond national boundaries in search of definitively Lao food. In fact, with the recent droves of migrants from Isan further south to Bangkok, the Thai capital has in many respects become the epicenter of Lao cuisine. Some estimate that more Lao are there than in any other city in the world, including Vientiane. There are also sizable expatriate communities in places like the United States and France that make for numerous culinary variations abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Kislenko_2009_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kislenko_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to the cultural anthropologist Penny Van Esterik, during the 1950s and 1960s, Lao food was little known by the central Thais and could be found only where there were gatherings of Lao or northeasterners: </p> <blockquote><p> In the 1950s and 1960s glutinous rice, roast chicken, <i>laab</i>, <i>somtam</i> (papaya salad), and other Lao favorites were available in Bangkok only around the boxing stadium where northeastern boxers and fans gathered to eat and drink before and after boxing matches. Lao food could also be found outside construction sites in mobile food carts providing construction workers from the northeast with their regional foods and beside gas stations serving long-distance bus drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Esterik_2010_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esterik_2010-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>At the conclusion of the Vietnam War, between 1975 and 1995, it was estimated that approximately 200,000 Lao refugees crossed the Mekong River into Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most stayed in the refugee camps while others moved to Bangkok looking for work. </p><p>The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Mittraphap_Road" title="Mittraphap Road">Mittraphap Road</a> and the northeastern railway connecting central Thailand to its northern provinces created a gateway for one of Thailand's biggest inter-regional migrations during the economic boom of the 1980s, as demand for labour increased. It was estimated that between 1980 and 1990, about 1.1 million northeasterners moved from the northeast to central Thailand and Bangkok.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, in turn, helped popularize and create an unprecedented demand for Lao food outside of Laos and the northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-Kislenko_2009_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kislenko_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Esterik also noted that, "[i]n attempting to include northeastern food in a standardized national cuisine, middle-class Bangkok selected and modified the taste of a few dishes—grilled chicken, <i>somtam</i>, <i>laab</i>—by reducing the chili peppers and increasing the sugar, and ignored other dishes such as fermented fish and insects".<sup id="cite_ref-Esterik_2010_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esterik_2010-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Professor Sirijit Sunanta,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these dishes were then represented as Thai food when presented to the world.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although more ethnic Lao live in Thailand than in Laos and Lao cuisine is key to popularising Thai food abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_2002_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_2002-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the word "Lao" is hardly mentioned. This is perhaps due to forced <a href="/wiki/Thaification" title="Thaification">Thaification</a>, an official attempt to promote national unity and "<a href="/wiki/Thainess" title="Thainess">Thainess</a>", in which any mention of "Lao" and other non-Thai descriptors were removed and replaced with "northeastern Thai" or "Isan".<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_2009_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_2009-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consequently, Thaification has led to social discrimination against northeasterners, and the word "Lao" became a derogatory term.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being "Lao" was stigmatized as being uneducated and backward, causing many northeasterners to be ashamed to be known as Lao.<sup id="cite_ref-Smalley-1994_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smalley-1994-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is a sense of resurgence and pride in Lao identity as it loses its stigma, particularly among the Isan youth.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the West, even with sizable expatriate communities, Lao cuisine is still virtually unknown, even though much of what is served in Thai restaurants is likely to be Lao<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_2002_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_2002-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Lao-owned. Unbeknownst to most people, when they eat their favourite <a href="/wiki/Som_tam" class="mw-redirect" title="Som tam">som tam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larb" title="Larb">larb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sticky_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Sticky rice">sticky rice</a> at their favourite Thai or northeastern Thai (<a href="/wiki/Isan" title="Isan">Isan</a>) restaurants they are actually eating the Thai versions of traditional Lao food.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This accidental reinforcement of Thaification by expatriate Lao communities and Lao restaurateurs is observed by Malaphone Phommasa and Celestine Detvongsa in their article "Lao American Ethnic Economy": </p> <blockquote><p> Unlike […] ethnic specific stores, Lao-owned restaurants are doing better in reaching out to the general public. Although there are some restaurants that advertised as singularly "Laotian", many Lao restaurants are established under the guise of Thai restaurants and Thai/Lao restaurants to entice mainstream customers. Because most Americans are unfamiliar with Laotian food, Lao entrepreneurs have aimed to acquire more business by advertising themselves as Thai restaurants: the latter have successfully achieved popularity with the mainstream population. These restaurateurs would then incorporate Lao dishes onto the menu. Although there are many similarities between Lao and northern Thai cuisine, certain foods will distinguish a true Thai restaurant from a Lao-owned restaurant would be the inclusion of "sticky rice" on the menu...<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p>One of the earliest Thai restaurants to open in North America was by Keo Sananikone, a Lao refugee and early pioneer of Thai food in the US. In 1977, Keo opened a series of Thai restaurants starting with Mekong, Keo's, and Mekong II in Hawaii, which became a hot spot for the Hollywood crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keo later wrote an internationally best-selling Thai cookbook, <i>Keo's Thai Cuisine</i>, in 1985. Keo explains the reason for opening Thai as opposed to Lao restaurants: "I felt that Laotian food would not have been successful in America at that time. Laotian food is very basic and simple, and Thai food is very exotic and colourful."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingredients">Ingredients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rice_and_noodles">Rice and noodles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rice and noodles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰa᷆w]</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">Glutinous rice</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າໜຽວ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰa᷆w.nǐaw]</a></span>), a type of rice which has opaque <a href="/wiki/Food_grain" class="mw-redirect" title="Food grain">grains</a> and very low <a href="/wiki/Amylose" title="Amylose">amylose</a> content, and is especially sticky when cooked.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane_noodles" title="Cellophane noodles">Cellophane noodles</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເສັ້ນລ້ອນ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[se᷆n.lɔ̂ːn]</a></span>), transparent noodles made from <a href="/wiki/Mung_bean" title="Mung bean">mung bean</a> starch and water.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_poon" title="Khao poon">Khao poon</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເສັ້ນເຂົ້າປຸ້ນ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[se᷆n.kʰa᷆w.pûn]</a></span>), fresh <a href="/wiki/Rice_noodles" title="Rice noodles">rice noodles</a> which are made from rice which has first been fermented for three days, boiled, and then made into noodles by pressing the resulting dough through a sieve into boiling water.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_noodles" title="Rice noodles">Rice noodles</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເສັ້ນເຝີ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[se᷆n.fɤ̌ː]</a></span>), noodles that are made from rice. This should not be confused with Vietnamese pho. Though the word has Vietnamese origin, the dish it refers to in Laos might not be the same as Vietnamese pho.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetables,_herbs_and_spices"><span id="Vegetables.2C_herbs_and_spices"></span>Vegetables, herbs and spices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vegetables, herbs and spices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg/220px-Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg/330px-Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg/440px-Peppers_in_Vientiane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chili_peppers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili peppers">Chili peppers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_basil" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian basil">Asian basil</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ບົວລະພາ</span>, Isan: บัวระพา, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[bùa.la.pʰáː]</a></span>), eaten raw with <a href="/wiki/Feu_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feu (food)">feu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">Bamboo shoots</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໜໍ່ໄມ່</span>, Isan: หน่อไม้, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[nɔ̄ː.mâj]</a></span>), used in stews or boiled as a side dish.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Banana</a> flower – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກປີ</span>, Isan: หมากปี, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.pìː]</a></span>), a raw accompaniment to noodle soup or cooked in others.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili pepper</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກເຜັດ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.pʰét]</a></span>, Isan: พริก, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰīk]</a></span>), seven popular types.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacia_pennata" class="mw-redirect" title="Acacia pennata">Climbing wattle</a> (acacia) – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຜັກຂາ</span>, Isan: ผักขา, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.kʰǎː]</a></span>), used in soups, curries, omelettes, and stir-fries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a> (cilantro) – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຜັກຫອມປ້ອມ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.hɔ̌ːm.pɔ̂ːm]</a></span>, Isan: ผักซี, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.sīː]</a></span>), both leaves and seeds added to dips, marinades, and a wide variety of dishes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກແຕງ</span>, Isan: หมากแตง, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.tɛ̀ːŋ]</a></span>), eaten as a garnish or as a substitute for green papaya in salad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຂ່າ</span>, Isan: ข่า, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰāː]</a></span>), typically used in soups, mixed dishes, and marinades.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ກະທຽມ</span>, Isan: กระเทียม, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ka.tʰíam]</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a> flower and root – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຂີງ</span>, Isan: ขิง, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰǐŋ]</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaffir_lime" title="Kaffir lime">Kaffir lime</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກຂີ້ຫູດ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.kʰi᷆ː.hu᷆ːt]</a></span>, Isan: มะกรูด <i>maak-khii-huut</i>), typically used in soups and stews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaipen" title="Kaipen">Kaipen</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໄຄແຜ່ນ</span>, Isan: ไกแผ่น, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰáj.pʰɛ̄n]</a></span>), dried sheets of edible <a href="/wiki/Mekong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong River">Mekong River</a> <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Nori" title="Nori">nori</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_basil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao basil">Lao basil</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຜັກອີ່ຕູ່</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.ʔīː.tūː]</a></span>), Isan: แมงลัก used in soups and stews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_coriander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao coriander">Lao coriander</a> – ("Lao dill"), used in stews and eaten raw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_eggplant" title="Lao eggplant">Lao eggplant</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກເຂືອ</span>, Isan: หมากเขือ; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.kʰɯ̌a]</a></span>), small and round <a href="/wiki/Kermit_eggplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kermit eggplant">Kermit eggplant</a>, used in stews or eaten raw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemongrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemongrass">Lemongrass</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຫົວສິງໄຄ</span>, Isan: หัวสิงไค;; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[hǔa.sǐŋ.kʰáj]</a></span>, <i>hua sing-khai</i>), used in soups, stews and marinades.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">Lime</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກນາວ</span>, Isan: หมากนาว, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.náːw]</a></span>), common ingredient to many dishes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໃບຫອມລາບ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[bàj.hɔ̌ːm.lâːp]</a></span>, Isan: ใบสะระแหน่, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[bàj.sa.la.nɛ̄ː]</a></span>), used in <i>goy/laap</i>, and eaten raw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnight horror">Midnight horror</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກລີ້ນໄມ້</span>, Isan: หมากลิ้นไม้,; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.lîːn.mâj]</a></span>), a bitter green, eaten raw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">Mushrooms</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຫັດ</span>, Isan: เห็ด, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[hét]</a></span>), used in soups and stir-fries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neem" class="mw-redirect" title="Neem">Neem</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຜັກກະເດົາ</span>, Isan: ผักกะเดา, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.ka.dàw]</a></span>, <i>kadao</i>), a bitter vegetable often eaten raw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">Papaya</a> (green) – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກຫຸ່ງ</span>, Isan: มักหุ่ง, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.hūŋ]</a></span>), shredded and used in spicy papaya salad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan shoots</a> – typically used in stews (bitter).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesbania_grandiflora" title="Sesbania grandiflora">Scarlet wisteria</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ດອກແຄ</span>, Isan: ดอกแค, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[dɔ᷆ːk.kʰɛ́ː]</a></span>), a blossom used in soups and curries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_ribesioides" title="Piper ribesioides">Sakhaan</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ສະຄ້ານ</span>, Isan: สะค้าน; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[sa.kʰâːn]</a></span>), stem of <i>Piper ribesioides</i>, used in stews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">Shallot</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ບົ່ວແດງ</span>, Isan: บั่วแดง; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[būa.dɛ̀ːŋ]</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກຂາມ</span>, Isan: หมากขาม, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.kʰǎːm]</a></span>), sour fruit used in soups or as a snack.</li> <li>Tamarind leaf – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໃບໝາກຂາມ</span>, Isan: ใบหมากขาม, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[bàj.ma᷆ːk.kʰǎːm]</a></span>), used in soups.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກເລັ່ນ</span>, Isan: หมากเล่น, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.lēn]</a></span>), used as a garnish or in papaya salad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey berry">Turkey berry</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກແຄ້ງ</span>, Isan: หมากแค้ง, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.kʰɛ̂ːŋ]</a></span>), used in stews and curries.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg/220px-Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg/330px-Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg/440px-Stir_fried_morning_glory_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Stir-fried water spinach at a Lao restaurant</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_aquatica" title="Ipomoea aquatica">Water spinach</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຜັກບົ້ງ</span>, Isan: ผักบุ้ง, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.bûŋ]</a></span>), stir-fried, steamed, or eaten raw as an accompaniment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_betel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild betel">Wild betel</a> leaves – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຜັກອີ່ເລີດ</span>, Isan: ผักอีเลิด, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pʰák.ʔīː.lɤ̂ːt]</a></span>), eaten raw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiliacora_triandra" title="Tiliacora triandra">Yanang</a> leaf – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໃບຢານາງ</span>, Isan: ใบย่านาง, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[bàj.jāː.náːŋ]</a></span>), used as a green colouring agent and as a seasoning or thickener for soups and stews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardlong_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Yardlong beans">Yardlong beans</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝາກຖົ່ວ</span>, Isan: หมากถั่ว, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[ma᷆ːk.tʰūa]</a></span>), eaten raw, in stews, and can be made into a spicy bean salad (<i>tam mak thoua</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pastes_and_sauces">Pastes and sauces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pastes and sauces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a> (<i>nam pa</i>) – clear fish sauce (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ນ້ຳປາ</span>, Isan: น้ำปลา, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[nâm.pàː]</a></span>), used as a general condiment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padaek" title="Padaek">Padaek</a> – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ປາແດກ</span>, Isan: ปลาแดก, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[pàː.dɛ᷆ːk]</a></span>), Lao-style fish paste.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meat">Meat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Meat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg/220px-Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg/330px-Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg/440px-Dried_buffalo_skin_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Dried water buffalo skin</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Century_egg" title="Century egg">Century egg</a> (<i>khai niaow ma</i>; lit. 'horse urine egg') – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໄຂ່ຢ່ຽວມ້າ</span>, Isan: ไข่เยี่ยวม้า; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[kʰāj<span class="wrap"> </span>jiāw<span class="wrap"> </span>mâː]</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_blood_curd" title="Pig blood curd">Pig blood curd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_belly" title="Pork belly">Pork belly</a> "three-layer pork" – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຊີ້ນໝູສາມຊັ້ນ</span>, Isan: ซี้นหมูสามซั้น; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[sîːn.mǔː.sǎːm.sân]</a></span>)</li> <li>Dried <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a> skin – (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໜັງເຄັມ</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lao pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">[nǎŋ.kʰém]</a></span>) used in <i><a href="/wiki/Jaew_bong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaew bong">jaew bong</a></i> and stews.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish">Fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_fish_sauce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lao_fish_sauce.jpg/220px-Lao_fish_sauce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lao_fish_sauce.jpg/330px-Lao_fish_sauce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lao_fish_sauce.jpg/440px-Lao_fish_sauce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Padaek</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Laos is landlocked, different types of fish are consumed, especially freshwater ones. </p><p>Notable Lao fish dishes include: </p> <ul><li><i>Larb</i> fish<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mok pa</i>: steamed fish, typically wrapped in banana leaves and tied with bamboo string. It is made with lemongrass, kaffir leaves, green onions, fish sauce, green chiles, shrimp paste, and fresh dill.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Raw shrimp: freshly squeezed lemon juice, spices, and fish sauce<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insects">Insects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_edible_insects_by_country#Laos" title="List of edible insects by country">List of edible insects by country § Laos</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_edible_insects_by_country&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Insect species eaten in <a href="/wiki/Vientiane_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Vientiane Province">Vientiane Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-List_of_edible_insects_by_country_Durst_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_edible_insects_by_country_Durst-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Omphisa_fuscidentalis" title="Omphisa fuscidentalis">Omphisa fuscidentalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orientopsaltria" title="Orientopsaltria">Orientopsaltria</a></i> sp.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachytrupes_portentosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachytrupes portentosus (page does not exist)">Brachytrupes portentosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleogryllus_testaceus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleogryllus testaceus (page does not exist)">Teleogryllus testaceus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acheta_domesticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acheta domesticus">Acheta domesticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helicopris_bucephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helicopris bucephalus (page does not exist)">Helicopris bucephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lethocerus_indicus" title="Lethocerus indicus">Lethocerus indicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caelifera" title="Caelifera">Caelifera</a></i> sp.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apis_(bee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apis (bee)">Apis</a></i> spp.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xylotrupes_gideon" title="Xylotrupes gideon">Xylotrupes gideon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gryllotalpa_africana" title="Gryllotalpa africana">Gryllotalpa africana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Bombyx mori</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tessaratoma_quadrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tessaratoma quadrata (page does not exist)">Tessaratoma quadrata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hierodula" title="Hierodula">Hierodula</a></i> sp. ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hornet" title="Hornet">Vespa</a></i> spp.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrophilus_affinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrophilus affinis (page does not exist)">Hydrophilus affinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oecophylla_smaragdina" title="Oecophylla smaragdina">Oecophylla smaragdina</a></i></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruits">Fruits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fruits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fruits in Laos include <a href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">watermelon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar apple">sugar apple</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Custard_apple" title="Custard apple">custard apple</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sweetsop" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetsop">sweetsop</a>), <a href="/wiki/Longan" title="Longan">longan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Litchi">litchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyrifolia" title="Pyrus pyrifolia">Asian pear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syzygium" title="Syzygium">rose apple</a> (<a href="/wiki/Water_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Water apple">water apple</a>), <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">jackfruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rambutan" title="Rambutan">rambutan</a>, young <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a>, sweet <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">durian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomelo" title="Pomelo">pomelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapodilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapodilla">sapodilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">guava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Star apple">star apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangosteen" title="Mangosteen">mangosteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santol_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santol (fruit)">santol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Langsat">langsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapes">grapes</a>, corossolier (<a href="/wiki/Soursop" title="Soursop">soursop</a>), <i>mak yom</i>, and <i>mak num nom</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kitchen_utensils">Kitchen utensils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Kitchen utensils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg/220px-Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg/330px-Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg/440px-Lao_cuisine_khok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>A Lao-style <a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">mortar and pestle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The typical Lao stove, or <a href="/wiki/Brazier" title="Brazier">brazier</a>, is called a <i>tao-lo</i> and is fueled by <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a>. It is shaped like a bucket, with room for a single pot or pan to sit on top. The <a href="/wiki/Wok" title="Wok">wok</a>, <i>maw khang</i> in <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>, is used for frying and <a href="/wiki/Stir_frying" title="Stir frying">stir frying</a>. Sticky rice is steamed inside of a bamboo basket, a <i>huad</i>, which sits on top of a pot, which is called the <i>maw nung</i>. </p><p>A large, deep mortar called a <i>khok</i> is used for pounding <i><a href="/wiki/Tam_mak_hoong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam mak hoong">tam mak hoong</a></i> and other foods. It is indispensable in the Lao kitchen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooking_methods">Cooking methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cooking methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lao_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Lao cuisine">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Grilling, boiling, stewing, steaming, searing and mixing (as in salads) are all traditional cooking methods. Stir-frying is common, and considered to be a Chinese influence. Stews are often green in color, because of the large proportion of vegetables used as well as <i>ya nang</i> leaf. </p><p><i>Ping</i> means grilled. <i><a href="/wiki/Ping_gai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ping gai">Ping gai</a></i> is grilled chicken, <i>ping sin</i> is grilled meat, and <i>ping pa</i> is grilled fish. Before grilling, the meat may be seasoned with minced garlic, minced coriander root, minced galangal, salt, soy sauce, and fish sauce. </p><p>Ways Lao food differs from neighboring cuisines include that Lao meals commonly include a large quantity of fresh raw greens, vegetables and herbs served undressed on the side, and that savory dishes are never sweet, and some dishes are bitter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eating_customs">Eating customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Eating customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg/220px-Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg/330px-Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg/440px-Lao_cuisine_katoke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>A <i>ka tok</i>e, a platform for arranging and presenting a Lao meal.</figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional manner of eating was communal, with diners sitting on a reed mat on the wooden floor around a raised platform woven out of rattan called a <i><a href="/wiki/Khantoke" title="Khantoke">ka toke</a></i>. Dishes are arranged on the <i>ka toke,</i> which is of a standard size. Where there are many diners, multiple <i>ka tokes</i> will be prepared. Each <i>ka toke</i> will have one or more baskets of sticky rice, which is shared by all the diners at the <i>ka toke.</i> </p><p>In recent times, eating at a <i>ka toke</i> is the exception rather than the rule. The custom is maintained, however, at temples, where each monk is served his meal on a <i>ka toke.</i> Once food is placed on the <i>ka toke</i> it becomes a <i>pha kao</i>. In modern homes, the term for preparing the table for a meal is still <i>taeng pha kao,</i> or prepare the <i>phah kao.</i> </p><p>Traditionally, spoons were used only for soups and white rice, and chopsticks (ໄມ້ທູ່,<i>mai thu</i>) were used only for noodles. Most food was handled by hand. The reason this custom evolved is probably due to the fact that sticky rice can only be easily handled by hand.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Lao meals typically consist of a soup dish, a grilled dish, a sauce, greens, and a stew or mixed dish (<i>koy</i> or <i>laap</i>). The greens are usually fresh raw greens, herbs and other vegetables, though depending on the dish they accompany, they could also be steamed or more typically, parboiled. Dishes are not eaten in sequence; the soup is sipped throughout the meal. Beverages, including water, are not typically a part of the meal. When guests are present, the meal is always a feast, with food made in quantities sufficient for twice the number of diners. For a host, not having enough food for guests would be humiliating. </p><p>The custom is to close the rice basket when one is finished eating. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dishes">Dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dips">Dips</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dips"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg/220px-Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg/330px-Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg/440px-Jeow_Bong_-_Laotian_chili_dip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="2546" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Jaew_bong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaew bong">Jaew bong</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Jaew</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ແຈ່ວ</span>) is a popular type of dipping sauce in Laos. </p> <ul><li><i>Jaew mak khua</i> – made from roasted eggplant.</li> <li><i>Jaew mak len</i> – made from roasted sweet tomatoes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaew_bong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaew bong">Jaew bong</a></i> – sweet and spicy paste made with roasted chilies, pork skin, galangal and other ingredients.</li> <li><i>Jaew padaek</i> – made from fried <a href="/wiki/Padaek" title="Padaek">padaek</a>, fish, roast garlic, chilies, lemon grass, and other ingredients.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appetizers">Appetizers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Appetizers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg/220px-Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg/330px-Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg/440px-Lao_sausage_with_dip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Sai_oua" title="Sai oua">Sai oua</a></i> sausage with a dipping sauce</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Kap kaem</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ກັບແກ້ມ</span>) are dishes served as snacks, before the main dish, or with beer. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaipen" title="Kaipen">Kaipen</a></i> – fried snack made of fresh water algae, usually served with <i><a href="/wiki/Jaew_bong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaew bong">jaew bong</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Khai khuam</i> – stuffed eggs "upside down".</li> <li><i>Khai nug</i> – steamed, boiled egg made by making a hole in the egg to remove the contents and pouring it back in after mixing the yolk with other ingredients.</li> <li><i>Khua pak bong</i> – stir-fried <a href="/wiki/Water_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="Water spinach">water spinach</a>.</li> <li><i>Look seen</i> – Laotian beef meatballs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_river_moss" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong river moss">Mekong river moss</a> – fried moss from the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong River">Mekong River</a>.</li> <li><i>Miang</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lao_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao sausage">Sai kok</a></i> – chunky pork sausage.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sai_oua" title="Sai oua">Sai oua</a></i> – grilled pork sausage.</li> <li><i>Seen hang</i> – Laotian beef jerky that is flash-fried beef.</li> <li><i>Seen savanh</i> – thinly sliced beef jerky with sweeter taste and covered with sesame seeds.</li> <li><i>Seen tork</i></li> <li><i>Som khai pa</i> – pickled fish roe.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Som_moo" class="mw-redirect" title="Som moo">Som moo</a></i> – pickled pork with pork skin (summer sausages).</li> <li><i>Som pa</i> – pickled fish.</li> <li><i>Som phak kad</i> – pickled greens.</li> <li><i>Som phak kai lum who moo</i> – pickled cabbage with pickled pork ears.</li> <li><i>Yaw</i> – Laotian pork roll. Known as <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A3_l%E1%BB%A5a" title="Chả lụa">giò lụa</a></i> in Vietnam.</li> <li><i>Yaw dip</i> – a type of <a href="/wiki/Spring_roll" title="Spring roll">spring roll</a> made with rice paper, vermicelli, lettuce, and various fillings including shrimp. It is usually eaten with peanut sauce or Laotian sweet sauce. Known as <i><a href="/wiki/G%E1%BB%8Fi_cu%E1%BB%91n" title="Gỏi cuốn">gỏi cuốn</a></i> in Vietnam.</li> <li><i>Yaw jeun</i> – fried <a href="/wiki/Spring_roll" title="Spring roll">spring roll</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salads">Salads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Salads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg/220px-Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg/330px-Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg/440px-Lao_green_papaya_salad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Tam_mak_hoong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam mak hoong">Tam mak hoong</a></i> green papaya salad</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Sarad</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ສະຫຼັດ</span>) is a general name to describe a dish with mixed vegetables, herbs, and spices. Meat salads in Laos are known as <i>larb</i> or <i>laap</i>. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Larb" title="Larb">Larb</a></i> – a spicy Lao minced meat salad made with fermented fish and herbs. Various meats include fish, duck, chicken, pork, and beef, as well as mushrooms.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_tok_(food)" title="Nam tok (food)">Nam tok</a></i> – a meat-based salad similar to larb. It can also be made into a stew.</li> <li><i>Pon</i> – spicy puree of cooked fish.</li> <li><i>Tam som</i> – an overall term for the following salads made with Lao chili peppers, lime juice, tomatoes, fish sauce/paste, and sugar. Crab paste and shrimp paste are optional. <ul><li><i>Tam khao poon</i> – spicy vermicelli noodles salad.</li> <li><i>Tam mak guh</i> – spicy <a href="/wiki/Cooking_plantain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooking plantain">plantain</a> salad.</li> <li><i>Tam mak hoong</i> – spicy green papaya salad.</li> <li><i>Tum mak khua</i> – spicy eggplant salad.</li> <li><i>Tam mak taeng</i> – spicy cucumber salad.</li> <li><i>Tam mak thua</i> – spicy green/yardlong bean salad.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soups_and_stews">Soups and stews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Soups and stews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Kaeng</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ແກງ</span>; lit. 'soup') </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_egg_soup" title="Ant egg soup">Ant egg soup</a> – soup made with <a href="/wiki/Ant_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ant egg">ant eggs</a>.</li> <li><i>Kaeng jeut</i> – vegetable and pork soup.</li> <li><i>Kaeng galee</i> – Lao curry.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keng_no_mai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keng no mai (page does not exist)">Keng no mai</a></i> or <i>soup naw mai</i> – a green stew made with bamboo shoots.</li> <li><i>Or</i> – green vegetable stew.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Or_lam" title="Or lam">Or lam</a></i> – Luang Prabang-style green vegetable stew.</li> <li><i>Tom jeaw pa</i> – spicy fish soup.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_kha_gai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom kha gai">Tom kha gai</a></i> – a spicy and sour soup made with coconut milk, mushrooms, and chicken.</li> <li><i>Tom padaek</i> – fish stewed in <i>padaek</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_yum" title="Tom yum">Tom yum</a></i> – a spicy and sour soup made with lemongrass and various meats such as beef, chicken, pork, and shrimp or other seafood.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grilled_dishes">Grilled dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Grilled dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Ahan ping</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ອາຫານປີ້ງ</span>; lit. 'grilled food') </p> <ul><li><i>Ping gai</i> – grilled, marinated chicken.</li> <li><i>Ping hua ped</i> – grilled, marinated duck head. It can be considered an appetizer.</li> <li><i>Ping moo</i> – grilled, marinated pork.</li> <li><i>Ping pa</i> – grilled fish mixed with spices and herbs.</li> <li><i>Ping ped</i> – grilled, marinated duck.</li> <li><i>Ping seen</i> – grilled, marinated beef.</li> <li><i>Ping theen gai</i> – grilled, marinated chicken feet.</li> <li><i>Seen dat</i> – Laotian-styled barbecue. Traditional meats and vegetables are seared on a dome-shaped griddle.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steamed_dishes">Steamed dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Steamed dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Ahan neung</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ອາຫານຫນື້ງ</span>; lit. 'steamed food') </p> <ul><li><i>Mok pa</i> – fish steamed in banana leaf.</li> <li><i>Mok gai</i> – chicken steamed in banana leaf.</li> <li><i>Mok khai</i></li> <li><i>Mok kai pa</i></li> <li><i>Ua dok kae</i></li> <li><i>Titi gai</i> – steak in a banana leaf wrap.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rice_dishes">Rice dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Rice dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg/220px-Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg/330px-Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg/440px-Sticky_rice_at_Kualao_Restaurant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2938" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption>Sticky rice served in a basket at a restaurant in Vientiane</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Ahan kap khao</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ອາຫານກັບເຂົ້າ</span>; lit. 'food with rice') are dishes made with rice as the main ingredient. </p> <ul><li><i>Khao khua</i> or <i>khao phat</i> – Laotian-styled <a href="/wiki/Fried_rice" title="Fried rice">fried rice</a>.</li> <li><i>Khao niao</i> – steamed glutinous rice, popularly known as "sticky rice". This type of rice is usually kept in a bamboo basket and is shared among all diners. Different ingredients such as coconut milk and red beans can be added to make the rice into a sweet dessert.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congee#Laos" title="Congee">Khao piak khao</a></i> (lit. 'rice wet rice') – rice porridge. Toppings may contain blood curds, century eggs, fried onions or garlic, and scallions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khao_jee" title="Khao jee">Khao ping</a></i> or <i>khao jee</i> – baked sticky rice seasoned with eggs. <i>Khao chee</i> is also another name for bread.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steamed_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Steamed rice">Khao jao</a></i> or <i>khao neung</i> – steamed white rice. Jasmine rice is generally used. This type of rice is also used as an ingredient for many stir-fried dishes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_khao" title="Nam khao">Nam khao</a></i> – crispy rice salad made with deep-fried rice balls, chunks of fermented pork sausage called <i>som moo</i>, chopped peanuts, grated coconut, sliced scallions or shallots, mint, cilantro, lime juice, fish sauce, and other ingredients.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noodles">Noodles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Noodles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Feu</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຝີ</span>) or <i><b>mee</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ໝີ່</span>). Noodles are popular dishes in northern and central Laos. These can vary from "wet noodles" served with broth, or "dry noodles" which are typically stir-fried. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feu_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feu (food)">Feu</a></i> – Laotian-styled <i><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">pho</a></i>, or rice noodle soup.</li> <li><i>Kaeng sen lon</i> – soup made with glass noodles and meatballs.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khao_piak_sen" title="Khao piak sen">Khao piak sen</a></i> – rice flour noodles in chicken broth. Similar to the Vietnamese dish <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_canh" title="Bánh canh">bánh canh</a> and the Japanese dish <a href="/wiki/Udon" title="Udon">udon</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khao_poon" title="Khao poon">Khao poon</a></i> – rice vermicelli soup, also known as "Lao <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">laksa</a>".</li> <li><i>Khua mee</i> – pan-fried rice noodles topped with thinly sliced egg omelette.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lard_na" title="Lard na">Lard na</a></i> – stir-fried noodles covered in gravy.</li> <li><i>Mee haeng</i> – wheat noodles with vegetables and meat.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mee_ka_tee" title="Mee ka tee">Mee ka tee</a></i> – rice vermicelli made in coconut milk.</li> <li><i>Mee nam</i> – wheat noodles in a broth of vegetables and meat.</li> <li><i>Pad Lao</i> – stir-fried noodles mixed with lightly scrambled egg. Similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Pad_thai" title="Pad thai">pad thai</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drunken_noodles" title="Drunken noodles">Pad ki mao</a></i> – stir-fried broad rice noodles.</li> <li><i>Pad sen lon</i> – stir-fried glass noodles.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thai_suki" title="Thai suki">Suki</a></i> – Laotian-styled <i><a href="/wiki/Sukiyaki" title="Sukiyaki">sukiyaki</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yum_sen_lon" title="Yum sen lon">Yum sen lon</a></i> – tangy salad made with glass noodles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breads">Breads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Breads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg/220px-Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg/330px-Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg/440px-Khao_ji_patte_breakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><i>Khao chi pate</i> with omelette, pâté and herbs</figcaption></figure> <p>Bread is originally a French import, but very popular. The most common form is small <a href="/wiki/Baguette" title="Baguette">baguettes</a>, known as (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າຈີ່</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Lao" title="Romanization of Lao">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Lao-language romanization"><i lang="lo-Latn">khao chi</i></span>). </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khao_jee_p%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Khao jee pâté">Khao jee pâté</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າຈີ່ປາເຕ້</span>) – baguette stuffed with <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">pâté</a> and condiments, the Lao version of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">bánh mì</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desserts">Desserts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Desserts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Khong van</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ຂອງຫວານ</span>; lit. 'sweet things'). Lao desserts are generally made with the combination of tropical fruits and glutinous rice products. These can vary from types of cakes, to jelly, to drinks, and custards. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kralan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kralan">Khao lam</a></i> – a sweet sticky rice dish made with red beans, coconut, coconut milk, and sugar prepared in bamboo.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mango_sticky_rice" title="Mango sticky rice">Khao niao mak muang</a></i> – sticky rice with coconut and mango.</li> <li><i>Khao pard</i> – jelly-like rice cake, unique for its layers. It is usually green from the use of pandan leaves as an ingredient.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khao_tom" title="Khao tom">Khao tom</a></i> – steamed rice wrapped in banana leaf. Various fillings include pork, bananas, and taro.</li> <li><i>Khanom kok</i> – coconut dumpling made on a griddle. It may be topped with green onions.</li> <li><i>Khanom maw kaeng</i> – coconut custard cake.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modak" title="Modak">Khanom nab</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ເຂົ້າຫນົມແຫນບ</span>) – rice dumpling stuff with sweet coconut.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cendol" title="Cendol">Lod xong</a></i> – a green, worm-like dessert made with rice jelly, coconut milk, and liquefied palm sugar.</li> <li><i>Nam van</i> – a general name for a dessert which can contain tapioca and various fruits including durian, jack fruit, and water chestnuts.</li> <li><i>Sangkaya</i> – custard made with <a href="/wiki/Kabocha" title="Kabocha">kabocha</a>, a type of Asian squash.</li> <li><i>Voon</i> – jelly made with coconut milk.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drinks">Drinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laos_coffee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Laos_coffee.jpg/220px-Laos_coffee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Laos_coffee.jpg/330px-Laos_coffee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Laos_coffee.jpg/440px-Laos_coffee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>A Lao coffee.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG/220px-BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG/330px-BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG/440px-BeerLao_LightAndDark.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A light and a dark Beerlao.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lao coffee is often called <i>Pakxong</i> coffee (<i>cafe pakxong</i> in Lao), which is grown on the <a href="/wiki/Bolovens_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolovens Plateau">Bolovens Plateau</a> around the town of Pakxong. This area is sometimes said to be the best place in Southeast Asia for coffee cultivation. Both <i>robusta</i> and <i>Arabica</i> are grown in Laos. Most of the Arabica in Laos is consumed locally and most of the Robusta is exported to Thailand, where it goes into <a href="/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9" title="Nescafé">Nescafé</a>. The custom in Laos is to drink coffee in glasses, with condensed milk in the bottom, followed by a chaser of green tea. The highly regarded tea is also grown on the Bolovens Plateau.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are two general types of traditional alcoholic beverages, both produced from rice: <i><a href="/wiki/Home_brew_sato_kits" class="mw-redirect" title="Home brew sato kits">lao hai</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lao_lao" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao lao">lao lao</a></i>. <i>Lao hai</i> means <i>jar alcohol</i> and is served from an earthen jar.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is communally and competitively drunk through straws at festive occasions. It can be likened to <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a> in appearance and flavor. <i>Lao lao</i> or <i>Lao alcohol</i> is more like a whiskey. It is also called <i>lao khao</i> or, in English, <i>white alcohol</i>. However, there is also a popular variant of lao lao made from purple rice, which has a pinkish hue. </p><p>The Lao state-owned brewery's <a href="/wiki/Beerlao" title="Beerlao">Beerlao</a> has become very popular in Laos. The <i><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Post" title="Bangkok Post">Bangkok Post</a></i> has described it as the <i><a href="/wiki/Dom_P%C3%A9rignon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom Pérignon (wine)">Dom Pérignon</a></i> of Asian beers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2004, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine described it as Asia's best beer. In June 2005, it beat 40 other brews to take the silver prize at <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>'s Osiris Beer Festival, which it had entered for the first time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-alcoholic">Non-alcoholic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Non-alcoholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lao_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao coffee">Ca fay</a></i> – Lao coffee.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Nam oi</a></i> – sugarcane juice.</li> <li><i>Nam pun</i> – Smoothie</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coconut_water" title="Coconut water">Nam mak pow</a></i> – coconut juice; with or without coconut meat.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oliang" title="Oliang">Oliang</a></i> – iced coffee; black or with condensed milk.</li> <li><i>Saa</i> – Laotian tea.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoholic">Alcoholic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Alcoholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beerlao</li> <li><i>Lao-khao</i> – Lao rice wine.</li> <li><i>Lao lao</i> – Lao whiskey.</li> <li><i>Lao-hai</i> – Lao rice wine made with glutinous rice.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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.references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Honolulu+Magazine&rft.atitle=Taste+the+World&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.honolulumagazine.com%2Ftaste-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALao+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarisha_Andra" class="citation book cs1">Harisha Andra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foodcultureinsoutheastasiapennyvanesterik_354_J"><i>Food Culture In Southeast Asia Penny Van Esterik</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Culture+In+Southeast+Asia+Penny+Van+Esterik&rft.au=Harisha+Andra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoodcultureinsoutheastasiapennyvanesterik_354_J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALao+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eatwellenjoylife.com/lao-fish-larb/">"Lao Fish Larb with Lime Lemongrass Dressing"</a>. 22 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lao+Fish+Larb+with+Lime+Lemongrass+Dressing&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Featwellenjoylife.com%2Flao-fish-larb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALao+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beethelove.net/mok-pa-lao-steamed-fish/">"Mok Pa (Lao Steamed Fish in Banana Leaves)"</a>. 26 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mok+Pa+%28Lao+Steamed+Fish+in+Banana+Leaves%29&rft.date=2022-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeethelove.net%2Fmok-pa-lao-steamed-fish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALao+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zap.la/en/recipe-125-raw-shrimp-spicy-salads">"Raw shrimp spicy salads"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raw+shrimp+spicy+salads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zap.la%2Fen%2Frecipe-125-raw-shrimp-spicy-salads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALao+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-List_of_edible_insects_by_country_Durst-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-List_of_edible_insects_by_country_Durst_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Durst, P.B., D.V. Johnson, R.N. Leslie and K. Shono (eds). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1380e/i1380e00.pdf">Forest insects as food: humans bite back</a></i>. Proceedings of a workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development. 19–21 February 2008, Chiang Mai, Thailand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1380e/i1380e00.htm">http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1380e/i1380e00.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_CranmerSteven_MartinKirby_Coxon2002" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Cranmer; Steven Martin; Kirby Coxon (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qSTQdorOvr0C&pg=PA49"><i><span></span></i>Rough guide to Laos<i><span></span></i></a>. Rough Guides. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-905-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-905-X"><bdi>1-85828-905-X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+guide+to+Laos&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85828-905-X&rft.au=Jeff+Cranmer&rft.au=Steven+Martin&rft.au=Kirby+Coxon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqSTQdorOvr0C%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALao+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Davidson, Alan (1975). <i>Fish and Fish Dishes of Laos</i>. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907325-95-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-907325-95-5">0-907325-95-5</a>.</li> <li>Du Pont De Bie, Natacha (2004). <i>Ant Egg Soup: The Adventures of a Food Tourist in Laos</i>. London: Sceptre. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-82567-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-82567-7">0-340-82567-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phia_Sing" title="Phia Sing">Sing, Phia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Davidson_(food_writer)" title="Alan Davidson (food writer)">Alan Davidson</a> and Jennifer Davidson, eds. (1981) <i>Traditional Recipes of Laos: Being the Manuscript Recipe Books of the Late Phia Sing, from the Royal Palace at Luang Prabang, Reproduced in Facsimile and Furnished With an English Translation</i>. London: Prospect Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907325-02-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-907325-02-5">0-907325-02-5</a>.</li> <li>Culloty, Dorothy (2010). <i>Food from Northern Laos – The Boat Landing Cookbook</i>. Te Awamutu, New Zealand: Galangal Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-473-17236-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-473-17236-7">978-0-473-17236-7</a></li> <li>Xaixana Champanakone (2010). <i>Lao Cooking and The Essence of Life</i>. Vientiane Publishing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9932-00-061-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9932-00-061-6">978-9932-00-061-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_cuisine&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_Laos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cuisine of Laos">Cuisine of Laos</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/13/dining/13laos.html">Article on Lao food</a> in <i>The New York Times</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seasite.niu.edu/lao/otherTopics/foods/recipe.htm">Excerpts from <i>Traditional Recipes of Laos</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Laos&#124;link=Laos_Lao_cuisine184" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lao_cuisine" title="Template:Lao cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lao_cuisine" title="Template talk:Lao cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lao_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lao cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Laos&#124;link=Laos_Lao_cuisine184" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lao cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%BB%8Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gỏi">Goi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamed_curry" title="Steamed curry">Mok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_jee" title="Khao jee">Khao jee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_jee_p%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Khao jee pâté">Khao jee pâté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koi_(dish)" title="Koi (dish)">Koi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_beef_jerky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao beef jerky (page does not exist)">Lao beef jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao sausage">Lao sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larb" title="Larb">Larb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lard_na" title="Lard na">Lard na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_noodles" title="Drunken noodles">Pad kee mao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pad_Lao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pad Lao (page does not exist)">Pad Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pad_sen_lon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pad sen lon (page does not exist)">Pad sen lon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_khing" title="Phat khing">Phat khing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_si-io" class="mw-redirect" title="Phat si-io">Phat si-io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_yang" title="Kai yang">Pīng kai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pon_pa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pon pa (page does not exist)">Pon pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Som_moo" class="mw-redirect" title="Som moo">Som moo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Som_phak" class="mw-redirect" title="Som phak">Som phak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">Sticky rice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups / stews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_egg_soup" title="Ant egg soup">Ant egg soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">Feu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaeng_som" title="Kaeng som">Kaeng som</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keng_No_Mai" title="Keng No Mai">Keng No Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_piak_sen" title="Khao piak sen">Khao piak sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_poon" title="Khao poon">Khao poon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_soi" title="Khao soi">Khao soi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_lam" title="Or lam">Or lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_khem" class="mw-redirect" title="Thom khem">Thom khem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_kha_kai" title="Tom kha kai">Tom kha kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_yum" title="Tom yum">Tom yum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads / wraps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot_salad" title="Bamboo shoot salad">Bamboo shoot salad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luang_prabang_salad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luang prabang salad (page does not exist)">Luang prabang salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_khao" title="Nam khao">Nam khao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_tok_(food)" title="Nam tok (food)">Nam tok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pun_(food)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pun (food) (page does not exist)">Pun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soop_nor_mai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soop nor mai (page does not exist)">Soop nor mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_papaya_salad" title="Green papaya salad">Tam mak hoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yum_sen_lon" title="Yum sen lon">Yum sen lon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks / desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaipen" title="Kaipen">Kaipen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanom_mor_gaeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanom mor gaeng (page does not exist)">Khanom mor gaeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modak" title="Modak">Khanom nap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanom_sun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanom sun (page does not exist)">Khanom sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_tom" title="Khao tom">Khao tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_sticky_rice" title="Mango sticky rice">Mango sticky rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miang_kham" title="Miang kham">Miang kham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nam_waan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nam waan (page does not exist)">Nam waan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vun_(Lao_snack)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vun (Lao snack) (page does not exist)">Vun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beerlao" title="Beerlao">Beerlao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Laos" title="Coffee production in Laos">Lao coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_hai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao hai (page does not exist)">Lao hai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_tea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao tea (page does not exist)">Lao tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeow_bong" title="Jeow bong">Jeow bong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeow_het&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeow het (page does not exist)">Jeow het</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeow_mak_gork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeow mak gork (page does not exist)">Jeow mak gork</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeow_mak_len&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeow mak len (page does not exist)">Jeow mak len</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">Kapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Nam pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padaek" title="Padaek">Padaek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utensils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huad (page does not exist)">Huad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khantoke" title="Khantoke">Khantoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle#Food_preparation" title="Mortar and pestle">Khok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wok" title="Wok">Maw khang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mor_gaeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mor gaeng (page does not exist)">Mor gaeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mor_kharng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mor kharng (page does not exist)">Mor kharng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mor_nung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mor nung (page does not exist)">Mor nung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saak_(utensil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saak (utensil) (page does not exist)">Saak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazier" title="Brazier">Tao-lo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laos_articles535" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laos_topics" title="Template:Laos topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laos_topics" title="Template talk:Laos topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laos_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laos topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laos_articles535" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Laos-related_topics" title="List of Laos-related topics">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos" title="History of Laos">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Laos">Peopling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khun_Borom" title="Khun Borom">Khun Borom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vat_Phou" title="Vat Phou">Vat Phou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang" title="Kingdom of Luang Phrabang">Luang Phrabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vientiane" title="Kingdom of Vientiane">Vientiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Champasak" title="Kingdom of Champasak">Champasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muang_Phuan" title="Muang Phuan">Muang Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">French protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Japanese invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Japanese puppet state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Issara" title="Lao Issara">Lao Issara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Kingdom of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochina_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina Wars">Indochina Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail" title="Ho Chi Minh trail">Ho Chi Minh trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathet_Lao" title="Pathet Lao">Pathet Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Laos" title="North Vietnamese invasion of Laos">Vietnamese invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Agreement_on_the_Neutrality_of_Laos" title="International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos_to_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Laos to 1945">History until 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Laos (1945–present)">History since 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Laotian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_conspiracy_allegation" title="2007 Laotian coup d'état conspiracy allegation">2007 coup attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_emblem_of_Laos" title="Ancient emblem of Laos"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Airavata_emblem_white.png/60px-Airavata_emblem_white.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Airavata_emblem_white.png/90px-Airavata_emblem_white.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Airavata_emblem_white.png/120px-Airavata_emblem_white.png 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Laos" title="Geography of Laos">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Laos" title="Template:Borders of Laos">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Laos" title="Deforestation in Laos">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Laos" title="List of ecoregions in Laos">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phou_Bia" title="Phou Bia">Phou Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Laos" title="List of rivers of Laos">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Conservation_Area" title="National Biodiversity Conservation Area">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Laos" title="List of cities in Laos">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Laos" title="Wildlife of Laos">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Laos">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Laos" title="Politics of Laos">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Laos" title="Administrative divisions of Laos">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Laos" title="Constitution of Laos">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Laos" title="Elections in Laos">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Laos" title="Foreign relations of Laos">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Laos" title="Human rights in Laos">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Laos">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Laos" title="Law of Laos">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Laos)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Laos)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Lao People's Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Laos)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Laos)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Laos" title="President of the National Assembly of Laos">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Laos" title="List of political parties in Laos">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Laos" title="President of Laos">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Laos" title="Vice President of Laos">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Laos" title="Economy of Laos">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Laos" title="Agriculture in Laos">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Lao_P.D.R." title="Bank of the Lao P.D.R.">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_kip" title="Lao kip">Kip <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Laos" title="Energy in Laos">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Laos">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Securities_Exchange" title="Lao Securities Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Laos">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Laos" title="Tourism in Laos">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Laos" title="Trade unions in Laos">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Laos" title="Transport in Laos">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Laos" title="Category:Society of Laos">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Laos" title="Crime in Laos">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Laos" title="Demographics of Laos">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Laos" title="Education in Laos">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Laos" title="List of ethnic groups in Laos">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Laos" title="Health in Laos">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Laos" title="HIV/AIDS in Laos">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Laos">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Laos" title="Prostitution in Laos">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Laos" title="Sex trafficking in Laos">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Laos" title="Women in Laos">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Laos" title="Culture of Laos">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pheng_Xat_Lao" title="Pheng Xat Lao">Anthem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_and_theatre_of_Laos" title="Dance and theatre of Laos">Dramatic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Laos" title="Emblem of Laos">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Laos" title="List of festivals in Laos">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" title="Flag of Laos">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Laos" title="Literature of Laos">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Laos" title="Music of Laos">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Laos" title="Public holidays in Laos">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Laos">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Laos" title="Outline of Laos">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Laos-related_topics" title="List of Laos-related topics">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Laos" title="Category:Laos">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asian_cuisine267" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_topic" title="Template:Asian topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_topic" title="Template talk:Asian topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asian_cuisine267" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timorese cuisine">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian cuisine">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz cuisine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot cuisine">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetian cuisine">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Indian_Ocean_Territory_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Indian Ocean Territory cuisine (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island_cuisine" title="Christmas Island cuisine">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands cuisine (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines378" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines378" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" 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