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<li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Establishment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Operational history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policies_and_objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policies_and_objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Policies and objectives </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Policies_and_objectives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Policies and objectives subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Policies_and_objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall_focus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_focus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Overall focus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_focus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Communicable_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communicable_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Communicable diseases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communicable_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-communicable_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-communicable_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Non-communicable diseases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-communicable_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Environmental health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_course_and_lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_course_and_lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Life course and lifestyle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_course_and_lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surgery_and_trauma_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surgery_and_trauma_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 Surgery and trauma care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surgery_and_trauma_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 Emergency work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reform_efforts_following_the_Ebola_outbreak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_efforts_following_the_Ebola_outbreak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6.1 Reform efforts following the Ebola outbreak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_efforts_following_the_Ebola_outbreak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6.2 Response to the COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.7 Health policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.8 Digital Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policy_packages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_packages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Policy packages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_packages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Governance and support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_health_education_and_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health_education_and_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Public health education and action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health_education_and_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_handling_and_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_handling_and_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Data handling and publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_handling_and_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 International Agency for Research on Cancer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Structure and governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure_and_governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure and governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Membership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Membership_and_participation_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_and_participation_of_the_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Membership and participation of the Republic of China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership_and_participation_of_the_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Health_Assembly_and_Executive_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Health_Assembly_and_Executive_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 World Health Assembly and Executive Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Health_Assembly_and_Executive_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Director-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Director-General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Director-General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Director-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Global institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goodwill_Ambassadors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goodwill_Ambassadors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Goodwill Ambassadors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goodwill_Ambassadors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_Society_of_the_World_Health_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_Society_of_the_World_Health_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Medical Society of the World Health Organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_Society_of_the_World_Health_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing_and_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing_and_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Financing and partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing_and_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Past" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.1 Past </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_headquarters_and_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_headquarters_and_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 World headquarters and offices </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_headquarters_and_offices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle World headquarters and offices subsection </button> <ul id="toc-World_headquarters_and_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_the_WHO_headquarters_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_the_WHO_headquarters_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Gallery of the WHO headquarters building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_the_WHO_headquarters_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_and_liaison_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_and_liaison_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Country and liaison offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_and_liaison_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Regional offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Private funding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">World Health Organization</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 175 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" > 175 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%AAreldgesondheidsorganisasie" title="Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%A4%E1%8A%93_%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%85%E1%89%B5" title="የአለም ጤና ድርጅት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የአለም ጤና ድርጅት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailm_tierv%C3%A2svuot%C3%A2organisaatio" title="Maailm tiervâsvuotâorganisaatio – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Maailm tiervâsvuotâorganisaatio" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B8%D2%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Агәабзиарахьчара адунеизегьтәи аиҿкаара – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агәабзиарахьчара адунеизегьтәи аиҿкаара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منظمة الصحة العالمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة الصحة العالمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_d%27a_Salut" title="Organización Mundial d'a Salut – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Organización Mundial d'a Salut" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisacion_mondi%C3%A2la_de_la_sant%C3%A2t" title="Organisacion mondiâla de la santât – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Organisacion mondiâla de la santât" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_la_Sal%C3%BA" title="Organización Mundial de la Salú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Organización Mundial de la Salú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tes%C3%A3i_Arapygua_Atyguasu" title="Tesãi Arapygua Atyguasu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tesãi Arapygua Atyguasu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmumd%C3%BCnya_S%C9%99hiyy%C9%99_T%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Ümumdünya Səhiyyə Təşkilatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ümumdünya Səhiyyə Təşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دونیا ساغلیق تشکیلاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دونیا ساغلیق تشکیلاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kak%C3%A9nakan_Gumi" title="Organisasi Kakénakan Gumi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Organisasi Kakénakan Gumi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahimpunan_Kawigasan_Dunia" title="Pahimpunan Kawigasan Dunia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pahimpunan Kawigasan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-k%C3%A0i_%C5%8Ce-seng_Cho%CD%98-chit" title="Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Сусветная арганізацыя аховы здароўя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сусветная арганізацыя аховы здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Сусьветная арганізацыя здароўя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сусьветная арганізацыя здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="बिस्व स्वास्थ संगठन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिस्व स्वास्थ संगठन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankinaban_na_Organisasyon_nin_Salud" title="Pankinaban na Organisasyon nin Salud – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pankinaban na Organisasyon nin Salud" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Helt_Ogenaesesen" title="Wol Helt Ogenaesesen – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wol Helt Ogenaesesen" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Световна здравна организация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Световна здравна организация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetska_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aozadur_Bedel_ar_Yec%27hed" title="Aozadur Bedel ar Yec'hed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aozadur Bedel ar Yec'hed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Дэлхэйн элүүр мэндын байгуулга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэйн элүүр мэндын байгуулга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_Mundial_de_la_Salut" title="Organització Mundial de la Salut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organització Mundial de la Salut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC_%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%B3" title="Пĕтĕм тĕнчери сывлăха сыхлас йĕркелӳ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕтĕм тĕнчери сывлăха сыхлас йĕркелӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_zdravotnick%C3%A1_organizace" title="Světová zdravotnická organizace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Světová zdravotnická organizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangano_reHutano_Pasirose" title="Sangano reHutano Pasirose – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sangano reHutano Pasirose" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefydliad_Iechyd_y_Byd" title="Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailma_Terviseorganisatsioon" title="Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Υγείας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Υγείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organi%C5%9Basi%C3%B2un_mondi%C3%A8la_dla_sanit%C3%AA" title="Organiśasiòun mondièla dla sanitê – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Organiśasiòun mondièla dla sanitê" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_la_Salud" title="Organización Mundial de la Salud – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización Mundial de la Salud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monda_Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Sano" title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munduko_Osasun_Erakundea" title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="سازمان جهانی بهداشت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان جهانی بهداشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_mondiale_de_la_sant%C3%A9" title="Organisation mondiale de la santé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation mondiale de la santé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wr%C3%A2lds%C3%BBnensorganisaasje" title="Wrâldsûnensorganisaasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wrâldsûnensorganisaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eagra%C3%ADocht_Dhomhanda_Sl%C3%A1inte" title="An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagheydys_Slaynt_y_Theihll" title="Reagheydys Slaynt y Theihll – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Reagheydys Slaynt y Theihll" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_da_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Organización Mundial da Saúde – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organización Mundial da Saúde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BE" title="વિશ્વ આરોગ્ય સંસ્થા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિશ્વ આરોગ્ય સંસ્થા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3-kie_V%C3%AD-s%C3%AAn_Ch%C3%BB-ch%E1%B9%B3t" title="Sṳ-kie Ví-sên Chû-chṳt – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ-kie Ví-sên Chû-chṳt" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="세계보건기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세계보건기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukumar_Lafiya_ta_Duniya" title="Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Առողջապահության համաշխարհային կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առողջապահության համաշխարհային կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetska_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondal_Organizuro_pri_Saneso" title="Mondal Organizuro pri Saneso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mondal Organizuro pri Saneso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunglo_ti_Salun-at_ti_Lubong" title="Gunglo ti Salun-at ti Lubong – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gunglo ti Salun-at ti Lubong" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kesehatan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_Mundial_del_Sanitate" title="Organisation Mundial del Sanitate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Organisation Mundial del Sanitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundal_Organisation_del_Sanit%C3%A1" title="Mundal Organisation del Sanitá – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mundal Organisation del Sanitá" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0aheilbrig%C3%B0ism%C3%A1lastofnunin" title="Alþjóðaheilbrigðismálastofnunin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðaheilbrigðismálastofnunin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_mondiale_della_sanit%C3%A0" title="Organizzazione mondiale della sanità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organizzazione mondiale della sanità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ארגון הבריאות העולמי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגון הבריאות העולמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paheman_Kawarasan_Donya" title="Paheman Kawarasan Donya – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paheman Kawarasan Donya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMS_%C5%8Bgb%C9%9By%C9%9B" title="OMS ŋgbɛyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="OMS ŋgbɛyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಘಟನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಘಟನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дуния саулукъ организация – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Дуния саулукъ организация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჯანდაცვის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯანდაცვის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Дүниежүзілік денсаулық сақтау ұйымы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дүниежүзілік денсаулық сақтау ұйымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowethyans_Yeghes_an_Bys" title="Kowethyans Yeghes an Bys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kowethyans Yeghes an Bys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirika_la_Afya_Duniani" title="Shirika la Afya Duniani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shirika la Afya Duniani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ganizasyon_Mondyal_Lasante" title="Òganizasyon Mondyal Lasante – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òganizasyon Mondyal Lasante" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizasyon_mondyal_di_sant%C3%A9" title="Organizasyon mondyal di santé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Organizasyon mondyal di santé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAxistina_Tenduristiy%C3%AA_ya_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AA" title="Rêxistina Tenduristiyê ya Cîhanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêxistina Tenduristiyê ya Cîhanê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Бүткүл дүйнөлүк саламаттык сактоо уюму – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бүткүл дүйнөлүк саламаттык сактоо уюму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81" title="ອົງການອະນາໄມໂລກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອົງການອະນາໄມໂລກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_mundi_sanitarius" title="Ordo mundi sanitarius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo mundi sanitarius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaules_Vesel%C4%ABbas_organiz%C4%81cija" title="Pasaules Veselības organizācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pasaules Veselības organizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltgesondheetsorganisatioun" title="Weltgesondheetsorganisatioun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Weltgesondheetsorganisatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaulio_sveikatos_organizacija" title="Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werreldgez%C3%B3ndjheidsorganisaasje" title="Werreldgezóndjheidsorganisaasje – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Werreldgezóndjheidsorganisaasje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza_Mundal_de_Sania" title="Organiza Mundal de Sania – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Organiza Mundal de Sania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazzion_mondiala_de_la_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Organizzazzion mondiala de la Sanità – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Organizzazzion mondiala de la Sanità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eg%C3%A9szs%C3%A9g%C3%BCgyi_Vil%C3%A1gszervezet" title="Egészségügyi Világszervezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egészségügyi Világszervezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Светска здравствена организација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Светска здравствена организација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikambanana_Maneran-Tany_momba_ny_Fahasalamana" title="Fikambanana Maneran-Tany momba ny Fahasalamana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fikambanana Maneran-Tany momba ny Fahasalamana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8" title="ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazzjoni_Dinjija_tas-Sa%C4%A7%C4%A7a" title="Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संस्था – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჭყანთხილუაშ მოსოფელიშ ორგანიზაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭყანთხილუაშ მოსოფელიშ ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منظمة الصحه العالمية – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منظمة الصحه العالمية" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%81%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ပရေၚ်ထတ်ယုက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပရေၚ်ထတ်ယုက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia" title="Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kasihatan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kasihatan Dunia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Organisasi Kasihatan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Дэлхийн Эрүүл Мэндийн Байгууллага – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн Эрүүл Мэндийн Байгууллага" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="ကမ္ဘာ့ကျန်းမာရေးအဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာ့ကျန်းမာရေးအဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="वर्ल्ड हेल्थ अर्गेनाइजेसन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वर्ल्ड हेल्थ अर्गेनाइजेसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="世界保健機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界保健機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B9%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Дерригдуьненан могушалла Ӏалашйаран организаци – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дерригдуьненан могушалла Ӏалашйаран организаци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdens_helseorganisasjon" title="Verdens helseorganisasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verdens helseorganisasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdsorganisasjonen_for_helse" title="Verdsorganisasjonen for helse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verdsorganisasjonen for helse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacion_Mondiala_de_la_Santat" title="Organizacion Mondiala de la Santat – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organizacion Mondiala de la Santat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%A8" title="ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahon_sog%CA%BBliqni_saqlash_tashkiloti" title="Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਸਥਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਸਥਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="عالمی صحت تنظیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عالمی صحت تنظیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisashon_Mundial_di_Sal%C3%BA" title="Organisashon Mundial di Salú – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Organisashon Mundial di Salú" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="د روغتيا نړيوال سازمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د روغتيا نړيوال سازمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Elt_Aaganizieshan" title="Wol Elt Aaganizieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wol Elt Aaganizieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80" title="អង្គការសុខភាពពិភពលោក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង្គការសុខភាពពិភពលោក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisassion_Mondial_%C3%ABd_la_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Organisassion Mondial ëd la Sanità – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Organisassion Mondial ëd la Sanità" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisatschoon_f%C3%B6r_Weltgesundheit" title="Organisatschoon för Weltgesundheit – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Organisatschoon för Weltgesundheit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiatowa_Organizacja_Zdrowia" title="Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mundial_da_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Organização Mundial da Saúde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização Mundial da Saúde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1q_saqlav_te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1" title="Dünya sağlıq saqlav teşkilâtı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dünya sağlıq saqlav teşkilâtı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Mondial%C4%83_a_S%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Organizația Mondială a Sănătății – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organizația Mondială a Sănătății" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F" title="Світова орґанізація охороны здоровя – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Світова орґанізація охороны здоровя" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Всемирная организация здравоохранения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Всемирная организация здравоохранения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Доруобуйа аан дойдутааҕы тэрилтэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Доруобуйа аан дойдутааҕы тэрилтэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="विश्वस्वास्थ्यसंस्था – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विश्वस्वास्थ्यसंस्था" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizatzione_Mundiale_de_sa_Salude" title="Organizatzione Mundiale de sa Salude – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Organizatzione Mundiale de sa Salude" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizata_Bot%C3%ABrore_e_Sh%C3%ABndet%C3%ABsis%C3%AB" title="Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urganizzazioni_Munniali_d%C3%A2_Saluti" title="Urganizzazioni Munniali dâ Saluti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Urganizzazioni Munniali dâ Saluti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%DA%8A_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%BF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="ورلڊ هيلٿ آرگنائيزيشن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ورلڊ هيلٿ آرگنائيزيشن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetov%C3%A1_zdravotn%C3%ADcka_organiz%C3%A1cia" title="Svetová zdravotnícka organizácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svetová zdravotnícka organizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetovna_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiatow%C5%8F_%C3%94rganizacyj%C5%8F_Zdrowi%C5%8F" title="Światowŏ Ôrganizacyjŏ Zdrowiŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Światowŏ Ôrganizacyjŏ Zdrowiŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ururka_Caafimaadka_Aduunka" title="Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڕێکخراوەی تەندروستیی جیھانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێکخراوەی تەندروستیی جیھانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Светска здравствена организација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Светска здравствена организација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kas%C3%A9hatan_Dunya" title="Organisasi Kaséhatan Dunya – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Organisasi Kaséhatan Dunya" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailman_terveysj%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6" title="Maailman terveysjärjestö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maailman terveysjärjestö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsh%C3%A4lsoorganisationen" title="Världshälsoorganisationen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Världshälsoorganisationen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Organisasyon_sa_Kalusugan" title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="உலக சுகாதார அமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலக சுகாதார அமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuddsa_tamadlant_n_tdawsa" title="Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бөтендөнья сәламәтлек оешмасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бөтендөнья сәламәтлек оешмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%BE%E1%82%83%E1%82%89" title="ၸုမ်းပၢႆးယူႇလီလုမ်ႈၾႃႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸုမ်းပၢႆးယူႇလီလုမ်ႈၾႃႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="ప్రపంచ ఆరోగ్య సంస్థ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రపంచ ఆరోగ్య సంస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="องค์การอนามัยโลก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="องค์การอนามัยโลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Всесвітня організація охорони здоров'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Всесвітня організація охорони здоров'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA" title="عالمی ادارہ صحت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عالمی ادارہ صحت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a 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data-title="Organizasion mondiałe de ła sanità" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail%27man_tervhudenorganizacii" title="Mail'man tervhudenorganizacii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mail'man tervhudenorganizacii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_Y_t%E1%BA%BF_Th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="世界卫生组织" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="װעלט געזונט ארגאניזאציע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װעלט געזונט ארגאניזאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%E1%BB%8D_%C3%8Clera_%C3%80gb%C3%A1y%C3%A9" title="Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé – Yoruba" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=World_Health_Organization&params=46_13_56_N_06_08_03_E_type:landmark_region:CH-GE">46°13′56″N 06°08′03″E / 46.23222°N 6.13417°E / 46.23222; 6.13417</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Org.&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Org.">World Health Org.</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Specialized agency of the United Nations</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WHO" and "The WHO" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Who_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Who (disambiguation)">Who (disambiguation)</a>. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">World Health Organization (WHO)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/250px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/375px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/500px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="157" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organisation_headquarters,_Geneva,_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="1772" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tschumi" title="Jean Tschumi">Jean Tschumi</a> and inaugurated in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">WHO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Initialism (W-H-O) by WHO itself and governmental stakeholders </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">7 April 1948; 76 years ago (1948-04-07)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">United Nations specialized agency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=World_Health_Organization&params=46_13_56_N_06_08_03_E_type:landmark_region:CH-GE">46°13′56″N 06°08′03″E / 46.23222°N 6.13417°E / 46.23222; 6.13417</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director-General</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director General</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael Ryan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$6.83 billion (2024–25)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/">who.int</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The World Health Organization (WHO) is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> responsible for global <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019-2">[2]</a> It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland, and has six regional offices<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and 150 field offices worldwide. Only sovereign States can participate, and it is the largest intergovernmental health organization at the international level.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The WHO's purpose is to achieve the highest possible level of health for all the world's people, defining health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The main functions of the World Health Organization include: to promote the control of epidemic and endemic diseases; to provide and improve the teaching and training in public health, the medical treatment of disease and related matters; and to promote the establishment of international standards for biological products. The <a href="/wiki/Establishment_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Establishment of the World Health Organization">WHO was established</a> on April 7, 1948, and formally began its work on September 1, 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Ascher-1952-6">[6]</a> It incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>' Health Organization and the Paris-based <a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">Office International d'Hygiène Publique</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases" title="International Classification of Diseases">International Classification of Diseases</a> (ICD).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The agency's work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The WHO's official mandate is to promote health and safety while helping the vulnerable worldwide. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards, collects data on global health issues, and serves as a forum for scientific or policy discussions related to health.<a href="#cite_note-The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019-2">[2]</a> Its official publication, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Report" title="World Health Report">World Health Report</a>, provides assessments of worldwide health topics.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">eradication</a> of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Polio_eradication" title="Polio eradication">eradication of polio</a>, and the development of an <a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Ebola vaccine</a>. Its current priorities include <a href="/wiki/Communicable_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicable disease">communicable diseases</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_disease" title="Non-communicable disease">non-communicable diseases</a> such as heart disease and <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Healthy_eating" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthy eating">healthy diet</a>, nutrition, and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>; <a href="/wiki/Occupational_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational health">occupational health</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a>. The agency advocates for <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> coverage, engagement with the monitoring of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting health and <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> generally.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The WHO is governed by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> (WHA), which is composed of its 194 member states. The WHA elects and advises an executive board made up of 34 health specialists; selects the WHO's chief administrator, the director-general (currently <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>);<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> sets goals and priorities; and approves the budget and activities. The WHO is funded primarily by contributions from member states (both assessed and voluntary), followed by private donors. Its total approved budget for 2020–2021 is over $7.2 billion,<a href="#cite_note-The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> while the approved budget for 2022–2023 is over $6.2 billion. The budget is $6.83 billion for 2024–2025. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_and_founding">Origin and founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin and founding">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/International_Sanitary_Conferences" title="International Sanitary Conferences">International Sanitary Conferences</a> (ISC), the first of which was held on 23 June 1851, were a series of conferences that took place until 1938, about 87 years.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon-13">[13]</a> The first conference, in Paris, was almost solely concerned with <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, which would remain the disease of major concern for the ISC for most of the 19th century. With the <a href="/wiki/Cause_(medicine)" title="Cause (medicine)">cause</a>, origin, and communicability of many epidemic diseases still uncertain and a matter of scientific argument, international agreement on appropriate measures was difficult to reach.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon-13">[13]</a> Seven of these international conferences, spanning 41 years, were convened before any resulted in a multi-state international agreement. The seventh conference, in Venice in 1892, finally resulted in a convention. It was concerned only with the sanitary control of shipping traversing the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, and was an effort to guard against importation of cholera.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon7-14">[14]</a>: 65  Five years later, in 1897, a convention concerning the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> was signed by sixteen of the nineteen states attending the Venice conference. While <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden-Norway">Sweden-Norway</a>, and the US did not sign this convention, it was unanimously agreed that the work of the prior conferences should be codified for implementation.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon10-15">[15]</a> Subsequent conferences, from 1902 until the final one in 1938, widened the diseases of concern for the ISC, and included discussions of responses to <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">brucellosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon13-16">[16]</a> In part as a result of the successes of the Conferences, the <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Sanitary_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-American Sanitary Bureau">Pan-American Sanitary Bureau</a> (1902), and the <a href="/wiki/Office_International_d%27Hygi%C3%A8ne_Publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Office International d'Hygiène Publique">Office International d'Hygiène Publique</a> or "<a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International office of Public Hygiene</a>" in english(1907) were soon founded. When the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> was formed in 1920, it established the Health Organization of the League of Nations. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> absorbed all the other health organizations, to form the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment">edit</a>]</div> During the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization, <a href="/wiki/Szeming_Sze" title="Szeming Sze">Szeming Sze</a>, a delegate from China, conferred with Norwegian and Brazilian delegates on creating an international health organization under the auspices of the new United Nations. After failing to get a resolution passed on the subject, <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a>, the secretary general of the conference, recommended using a declaration to establish such an organization. Sze and other delegates lobbied and a declaration passed calling for an international conference on health.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_ULS-18">[18]</a> The use of the word "world", rather than "international", emphasized the truly global nature of what the organization was seeking to achieve.<a href="#cite_note-bmj1948-19">[19]</a> The constitution of the World Health Organization was signed by all 51 countries of the United Nations, and by 10 other countries, on 22 July 1946.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle_1947-20">[20]</a> It thus became the first specialized agency of the United Nations to which every member subscribed.<a href="#cite_note-shimkin-21">[21]</a> Its constitution formally came into force on the first <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Day" title="World Health Day">World Health Day</a> on 7 April 1948, when it was ratified by the 26th member state.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle_1947-20">[20]</a> The WHO formally began its work in September 1, 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Ascher-1952-6">[6]</a> The first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> finished on 24 July 1948, having secured a budget of US$5 million (then £1,250,000) for the 1949 year. <a href="/wiki/G._Brock_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brock Chisholm">G. Brock Chisholm</a> was appointed director-general of the WHO, having served as executive secretary and a founding member during the planning stages,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-bmj1948-19">[19]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Andrija_%C5%A0tampar" title="Andrija Štampar">Andrija Štampar</a> was the assembly's first president. Its first priorities were to control the spread of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a>, and to improve <a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">maternal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Child_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Child health">child health</a>, nutrition and environmental hygiene.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Its first legislative act was concerning the compilation of accurate statistics on the spread and morbidity of disease.<a href="#cite_note-bmj1948-19">[19]</a> The logo of the World Health Organization features the <a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a> as a symbol for healing.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 1959, the WHO signed Agreement WHA 12–40 with the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA), which says:<a href="#cite_note-Independence-for-WHO-25">[25]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">whenever either organization proposes to initiate a programme or activity on a subject in which the other organization has or may have a substantial interest, the first party shall consult the other with a view to adjusting the matter by mutual agreement.</blockquote> The nature of this statement has led some groups and activists including <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Europe_for_a_Common_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Europe for a Common Future">Women in Europe for a Common Future</a> to claim that the WHO is restricted in its ability to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome" title="Acute radiation syndrome">effects on human health of radiation</a> caused by the use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> and the continuing effects of <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents" title="Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents">nuclear disasters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima nuclear disaster">Fukushima</a>. They believe WHO must regain what they see as independence.<a href="#cite_note-Independence-for-WHO-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Independent WHO held a weekly vigil from 2007 to 2017 in front of WHO headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> However, as pointed out by Foreman<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> in clause 2 it states: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In particular, and in accordance with the Constitution of the World Health Organization and the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and its agreement with the United Nations together with the exchange of letters related thereto, and taking into account the respective co-ordinating responsibilities of both organizations, it is recognized by the World Health Organization that the International Atomic Energy Agency has the primary responsibility for encouraging, assisting and co-ordinating research and development and practical application of atomic energy for peaceful uses throughout the world without prejudice to the right of the World Health Organization to concern itself with promoting, developing, assisting and co-ordinating international health work, including research, in all its aspects.</blockquote> The key text is highlighted in bold, the agreement in clause 2 states that the WHO is free to perform any health-related work. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/220px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/330px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/440px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2220" /></a><figcaption>Three former directors of the <a href="/wiki/Smallpox#Eradication" title="Smallpox">Global Smallpox Eradication Programme</a> read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.</figcaption></figure> 1947: The WHO established an <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological</a> information service via <a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">telex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 5  1949: The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and its constituent republics quit the WHO over the organization's unwillingness to share the <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> recipe. They would not return until 1956.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> 1950: A mass <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> inoculation drive using the <a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG vaccine</a> gets under way.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 8  1955: The malaria eradication programme was launched, although objectives were later modified. (In most areas, the programme goals became control instead of eradication.)<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 9  1958: <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zhdanov" title="Viktor Zhdanov">Viktor Zhdanov</a>, Deputy Minister of Health for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>, called on the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> to undertake a global initiative to <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">eradicate</a> smallpox, resulting in Resolution WHA11.54.<a href="#cite_note-fenner3-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fenner2-33">[33]</a>: 366–371, 393, 399, 419  1965: The first report on <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a> and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 10–11  1966: The WHO moved its headquarters from the Ariana wing at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a> to a newly constructed headquarters elsewhere in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/220px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/330px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/440px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Yablokov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Yablokov">Alexey Yablokov</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Vassili_Nesterenko" title="Vassili Nesterenko">Vassili Nesterenko</a> (farthest right) protesting in front of the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2008</figcaption></figure>1967: The WHO intensified the global <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> eradication campaign by contributing $2.4 million annually to the effort and adopted a new <a href="/wiki/Disease_surveillance" title="Disease surveillance">disease surveillance</a> method,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> at a time when 2 million people were dying from smallpox per year.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The initial problem the WHO team faced was inadequate reporting of smallpox cases. WHO established a network of consultants who assisted countries in setting up surveillance and containment activities.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The WHO also helped contain the last European <a href="/wiki/1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak" title="1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak">outbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> After over two decades of fighting smallpox, a Global Commission declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> 1974: The <a href="/wiki/Expanded_Programme_on_Immunization" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Programme on Immunization">Expanded Programme on Immunization</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 13  and the control programme of <a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">onchocerciasis</a> was started, an important partnership between the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP), and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 14  1975: The WHO launched the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_disease#Health_programmes" title="Tropical disease">Special Programme for Research and Training</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tropical_disease" title="Tropical disease">Tropical diseases</a> (the TDR).<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 15  Co-sponsored by <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, UNDP, and the World Bank, it was established in response to a 1974 request from the WHA for an intensive effort to develop improved control of tropical diseases. The TDR's goals are, firstly, to support and coordinate international research into diagnosis, treatment and control of tropical diseases; and, secondly, to strengthen research capabilities within endemic countries.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> 1976: The WHA enacted a resolution on <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disability</a> prevention and <a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">rehabilitation</a>, with a focus on community-driven care.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 16  1977 and 1978: The first list of <a href="/wiki/Essential_medicines" title="Essential medicines">essential medicines</a> was drawn up,<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 17  and a year later the ambitious goal of "<a href="/wiki/Health_For_All" title="Health For All">Health For All</a>" was declared.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 18  1986: The WHO began its global programme on <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 20  Two years later preventing discrimination against patients was attended to<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 21  and in 1996 the <a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS) was formed.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 23  1988: The <a href="/wiki/Global_Polio_Eradication_Initiative" title="Global Polio Eradication Initiative">Global Polio Eradication Initiative</a> was established.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 22  1995: The WHO established an independent International Commission for the Certification of <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_dracunculiasis" title="Eradication of dracunculiasis">Dracunculiasis Eradication</a> (Guinea worm disease eradication; ICCDE).<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 23  The ICCDE recommends to the WHO which countries fulfil requirements for certification. It also has role in advising on progress made towards elimination of transmission and processes for verification.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> 1998: The WHO's director-general highlighted gains in child survival, reduced <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a>, increased <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> and reduced rates of "scourges" such as smallpox and <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> on the fiftieth anniversary of WHO's founding. He, did, however, accept that more had to be done to assist maternal health and that progress in this area had been slow.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> 2000: The <a href="/wiki/Stop_TB_Partnership" title="Stop TB Partnership">Stop TB Partnership</a> was created along with the UN's formulation of the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 24  2001: The <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a> initiative was formed, and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68% by 2007.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 26  2002: <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a> was drawn up to improve the resources available.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 27  2005: The WHO revises <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a> (IHR) in light of emerging health threats and the experience of the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2002/3 SARS epidemic</a>, authorizing WHO, among other things, to declare a health threat a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> 2006: The WHO endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe, which formed the basis for global prevention, treatment, and support the plan to fight the <a href="/wiki/AIDS_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS pandemic">AIDS pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/220px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/330px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/440px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption>WHO Representative to India & EMT Team with Dr. Edmond Fernandes at a policy meeting</figcaption></figure> 2006: The WHO launches the <a href="/wiki/Global_action_plan_for_influenza_vaccines" title="Global action plan for influenza vaccines">Global action plan for influenza vaccines</a> 2016: The <a href="/wiki/Global_action_plan_for_influenza_vaccines" title="Global action plan for influenza vaccines">Global action plan for influenza vaccines</a> ends with a report which concludes that while substantial progress has been made over the 10 years of the Plan, the world is still not ready to respond to an influenza pandemic. 2016: Following the perceived failure of the response to the <a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">West Africa Ebola outbreak</a>, the World Health Emergencies programme was formed, changing the WHO from just being a "normative" agency to one that responds operationally to health emergencies.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> 2020: the World Health Organization announced that it had classified the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">novel coronavirus outbreak</a> as a public health emergency of international concern. The <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">novel coronavirus</a> was a new strain of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a> that had never been detected in humans before. The WHO named this new coronavirus "<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>" or "2019-nCov". 2022: The WHO suggests formation of a Global Health Emergency Council, with a new global health emergency workforce, and recommends revision of the International Health Regulations.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> 2024: WHO has declared the spread of <a href="/wiki/Mpox" title="Mpox">mpox</a> (formerly monkeypox) in several African countries a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_of_international_concern" title="Public health emergency of international concern">public health emergency</a> of international concern, marking the second such declaration in the last two years due to the virus's transmission.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policies_and_objectives">Policies and objectives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Policies and objectives">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_focus">Overall focus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Overall focus">edit</a>]</div> The WHO's Constitution states that its objective "is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The WHO fulfils this objective through its functions as defined in its Constitution: <ul style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <li>To act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work;</li> <li>To establish and maintain effective collaboration with the United Nations, specialized agencies, governmental health administrations, professional groups and such other organizations as may be deemed appropriate;</li> <li>To assist Governments, upon request, in strengthening health services;</li> <li>To furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid upon the request or acceptance of Governments;</li> <li>To provide or assist in providing, upon the request of the United Nations, health services and facilities to special groups, such as the peoples of trust territories;</li> <li>To establish and maintain such administrative and technical services as may be required, including epidemiological and statistical services;</li> <li>To stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases;</li> <li>To promote, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the prevention of accidental injuries;</li> <li>To promote, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the improvement of nutrition, housing, sanitation, recreation, economic or working conditions and other aspects of environmental hygiene;</li> <li>To promote co-operation among scientific and professional groups which contribute to the advancement of health;</li> <li>To propose conventions, agreements and regulations, and make recommendations with respect to international health matters and to perform (Article 2 of the Constitution).</li> </ul> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the WHO has defined its role in <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> as follows:<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <ul><li>providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;</li> <li>shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and dissemination of valuable knowledge;<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;</li> <li>articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;</li> <li>providing technical support, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity; and</li> <li>monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.</li> <li>CRVS (<a href="/wiki/Civil_registration_and_vital_statistics" title="Civil registration and vital statistics">civil registration and vital statistics</a>) to provide monitoring of vital events (birth, death, wedding, divorce).<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul> Since the late 20th century, the rise of new actors engaged in global health—such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (<a href="/wiki/President%27s_Emergency_Plan_for_AIDS_Relief" title="President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief">PEPFAR</a>) and dozens of public-private partnerships for global health—have weakened the WHO's role as a coordinator and policy leader in the field; subsequently, there are various proposals to reform or reorient the WHO's role and priorities in public health, ranging from narrowing its mandate to strengthening its independence and authority.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Communicable_diseases">Communicable diseases</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Communicable diseases">edit</a>]</div> During the 1970s, WHO had dropped its commitment to a global malaria eradication campaign as too ambitious, it retained a strong commitment to malaria control. WHO's Global Malaria Programme works to keep track of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> cases, and future problems in malaria control schemes. As of 2012, the WHO was to report as to whether <a href="/wiki/RTS,S" title="RTS,S">RTS,S</a>/AS01, were a viable <a href="/wiki/Malaria_vaccine" title="Malaria vaccine">malaria vaccine</a>. For the time being, <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a>-treated <a href="/wiki/Mosquito_net" title="Mosquito net">mosquito nets</a> and insecticide sprays are used to prevent the spread of malaria, as are <a href="/wiki/Antimalarial_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimalarial drugs">antimalarial drugs</a> – particularly to vulnerable people such as pregnant women and young children.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 1988, WHO launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> It has also been successful in helping to reduce cases by 99% since WHO partnered with <a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary International</a>, the <a href="/wiki/US_Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Children%27s_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Children's Fund">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF), and smaller organizations. As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, it has been working to immunize young children and prevent the re-emergence of cases in countries declared "polio-free".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2017, a study was conducted as to why Polio Vaccines may not be enough to eradicate the Virus & conduct new technology. Polio is now on the verge of extinction, thanks to a Global Vaccination Drive. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated the eradication programme has saved millions from deadly disease.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Between 1990 and 2010, WHO's help has contributed to a 40% decline in the number of deaths from tuberculosis, and since 2005, over 46 million people have been treated and an estimated 7 million lives saved through practices advocated by WHO. These include engaging national governments and their financing, early diagnosis, standardising treatment, monitoring of the spread and effect of tuberculosis, and stabilising the drug supply. It has also recognized the vulnerability of victims of HIV/AIDS to tuberculosis.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 2003, the WHO denounced the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>'s health department's opposition to the use of <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condoms</a>, saying: "These incorrect statements about condoms and HIV are dangerous when we are facing a global pandemic which has already killed more than 20 million people, and currently affects at least 42 million."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> As of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church_and_AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church and AIDS">Catholic Church remains opposed to increasing the use of contraception to combat HIV/AIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> At the time, the World Health Assembly president, Guyana's Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ramsammy" title="Leslie Ramsammy">Leslie Ramsammy</a>, condemned <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict's</a> opposition to contraception, saying he was trying to "create confusion" and "impede" proven strategies in the battle against the disease.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In 2007, the WHO organized work on pandemic <a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">influenza vaccine</a> development through <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> in collaboration with many experts and health officials.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">A pandemic</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_H1N1/09_virus" title="Pandemic H1N1/09 virus">H1N1 influenza virus</a> was declared by the then director-general <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chan" title="Margaret Chan">Margaret Chan</a> in April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Margret Chan declared in 2010 that the H1N1 has moved into the post-pandemic period.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> By the post-pandemic period, critics claimed the WHO had exaggerated the danger, spreading "fear and confusion" rather than "immediate information".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Industry experts countered that the 2009 pandemic had led to "unprecedented collaboration between global health authorities, scientists and manufacturers, resulting in the most comprehensive pandemic response ever undertaken, with a number of vaccines approved for use three months after the pandemic declaration. This response was only possible because of the extensive preparations undertaken during the last decade".<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The 2012–2013 WHO budget identified five areas among which funding was distributed.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 5, 20  Two of those five areas related to <a href="/wiki/Communicable_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicable diseases">communicable diseases</a>: the first, to reduce the "health, social and economic burden" of communicable diseases in general; the second to combat <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> in particular.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 5, 26  As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the World Health Organization has worked within the <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a> network and strives to involve sections of society other than health to help deal with the economic and social effects of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In line with UNAIDS, WHO has set itself the interim task between 2009 and 2015 of reducing the number of those aged 15–24 years who are infected by 50%; reducing new HIV infections in children by 90%; and reducing HIV-related deaths by 25%.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The World Health Organization's definition of neglected tropical disease has been criticised to be restrictive (focusing only on communicable diseases) and described as a form of epistemic injustice, where conditions like snakebite are forced to be framed as a medical problem.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-communicable_diseases">Non-communicable diseases</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-communicable diseases">edit</a>]</div> One of the thirteen WHO priority areas is aimed at the prevention and reduction of "disease, disability and premature deaths from chronic <a href="/wiki/Noncommunicable_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncommunicable disease">noncommunicable diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a>, violence and <a href="/wiki/Injury_prevention" title="Injury prevention">injuries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">visual impairment</a> which are collectively responsible for almost 71% of all deaths worldwide".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Division of Noncommunicable Diseases for Promoting Health through the Reproductive Health has published the magazine, Entre Nous, across Europe since 1983.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> WHO is mandated under two of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_drug_control_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations drug control conventions">international drug control conventions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a>, 1971) to carry out scientific assessments of substances for international <a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">drug control</a>. Through the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Expert_Committee_on_Drug_Dependence_(ECDD)" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD)">WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD)</a>, it can recommend changes to scheduling of substances to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The ECDD is in charge of evaluating "the impact of psychoactive substances on public health" and "their dependence producing properties and potential harm to health, as well as considering their potential medical benefits and therapeutic applications."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_health">Environmental health</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Environmental health">edit</a>]</div> The WHO estimates that 12.6 million people died as a result of living or working in an unhealthy environment in 2012 – this accounts for nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water, and <a href="/wiki/Soil_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil pollution">soil pollution</a>, chemical exposures, climate change, and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. This can result in a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_pollution-related_diseases" title="List of pollution-related diseases">pollution-related diseases</a>. <ul><li>2018 (30 October – 1 November) : 1 WHO's first global conference on air pollution and health (Improving air quality, combatting climate change – saving lives) ; organized in collaboration with UN Environment, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Life_course_and_lifestyle">Life course and lifestyle</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Life course and lifestyle">edit</a>]</div> WHO works to "reduce <a href="/wiki/Morbidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Morbidity">morbidity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">mortality</a> and improve health during key stages of life, including pregnancy, childbirth, the <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">neonatal period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Childhood">childhood</a> and adolescence, and improve <a href="/wiki/Sexual_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual health">sexual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">reproductive health</a> and promote active and healthy aging for all individuals", for instance with the <a href="/wiki/Special_Programme_on_Human_Reproduction" title="Special Programme on Human Reproduction">Special Programme on Human Reproduction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 39–45 <a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> It also tries to prevent or reduce risk factors for "health conditions associated with use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and <a href="/wiki/Unsafe_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsafe sex">unsafe sex</a>".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 50–55 <a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The WHO works to improve nutrition, <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food safety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> and to ensure this has a positive effect on <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 66–71  In April 2019, the WHO released new recommendations stating that children between the ages of two and five should spend no more than one hour per day engaging in sedentary behaviour in front of a screen and that children under two should not be permitted any sedentary screen time.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surgery_and_trauma_care">Surgery and trauma care</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Surgery and trauma care">edit</a>]</div> The World Health Organization promotes road safety as a means to reduce traffic-related injuries.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> It has also worked on global initiatives in surgery, including emergency and essential surgical care,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> trauma care,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and safe surgery.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/WHO_Surgical_Safety_Checklist" title="WHO Surgical Safety Checklist">WHO Surgical Safety Checklist</a> is in current use worldwide in the effort to improve patient safety.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergency_work">Emergency work</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Emergency work">edit</a>]</div> The World Health Organization's primary objective in natural and man-made emergencies is to coordinate with member states and other stakeholders to "reduce avoidable loss of life and the burden of disease and disability."<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 46–49  On 5 May 2014, WHO announced that the spread of <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">polio</a> was a world health emergency – outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East were considered "extraordinary".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On 8 August 2014, WHO declared that the spread of <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> was a public health emergency; an outbreak which was believed to have started in Guinea had spread to other nearby countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone. The situation in West Africa was considered very serious.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reform_efforts_following_the_Ebola_outbreak">Reform efforts following the Ebola outbreak</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reform efforts following the Ebola outbreak">edit</a>]</div> Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ebola_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ebola outbreak">2014 Ebola outbreak</a> in West Africa, the organization was heavily criticized for its bureaucracy, insufficient financing, regional structure, and staffing profile.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> An internal WHO report on the Ebola response pointed to underfunding and the lack of "core capacity" in health systems in developing countries as the primary weaknesses of the existing system. At the annual World Health Assembly in 2015, Director-General Margaret Chan announced a $100 million Contingency Fund for rapid response to future emergencies,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> of which it had received $26.9 million by April 2016 (for 2017 disbursement). WHO has budgeted an additional $494 million for its <a href="/wiki/Health_Emergencies_Programme_(WHO)" title="Health Emergencies Programme (WHO)">Health Emergencies Programme</a> in 2016–17, for which it had received $140 million by April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The program was aimed at rebuilding WHO capacity for direct action, which critics said had been lost due to budget cuts in the previous decade that had left the organization in an advisory role dependent on member states for on-the-ground activities. In comparison, billions of dollars have been spent by developed countries on the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic and 2015–16 Zika epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Response to the COVID-19 pandemic</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Response to the COVID-19 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6162" data-file-height="4108" /></a><figcaption>Staffs of World Health Organization Bangladesh are in COVID vaccine program in Dhaka.</figcaption></figure> The WHO created an Incident Management Support Team on 1 January 2020, one day after Chinese health authorities notified the organization of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology.<a href="#cite_note-Withholding-funding-from-the-World-Health-Organization-is-wrong-and-dangerous-2020-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-whopneumonia-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-superpower-struggle-98">[98]</a> On 5 January the WHO notified all member states of the outbreak,<a href="#cite_note-Amanda-Watts-and-Veronica-Stracqualursi-99">[99]</a> and in subsequent days provided guidance to all countries on how to respond,<a href="#cite_note-Amanda-Watts-and-Veronica-Stracqualursi-99">[99]</a> and confirmed the first infection outside China.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP-WHO-100">[100]</a> On 14 January 2020, the WHO announced that preliminary investigations conducted by Chinese authorities had found no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) identified in Wuhan.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The same day, the organization warned of limited human-to-human transmission, and confirmed human-to-human transmission one week later.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuterswarns-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-KesslerApr17-104">[104]</a> On 30 January the WHO declared a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC),<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> considered a "call to action" and "last resort" measure for the international community and a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> on 11 March.<a href="#cite_note-Rull2015-108">[108]</a> While organizing the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic and overseeing "more than 35 emergency operations" for cholera, measles and other epidemics internationally,<a href="#cite_note-Withholding-funding-from-the-World-Health-Organization-is-wrong-and-dangerous-2020-96">[96]</a> the WHO has been criticized for praising China's public health response to the crisis while seeking to maintain a "diplomatic balancing act" between the United States and China.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-superpower-struggle-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_L._Heymann" title="David L. Heymann">David L. Heymann</a>, professor of infectious disease epidemiology at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a>, said that "China has been very transparent and open in sharing its data... and they opened up all of their files with the WHO present."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The WHO faced criticism from the United States' <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> while "guid[ing] the world in how to tackle the deadly" <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Withholding-funding-from-the-World-Health-Organization-is-wrong-and-dangerous-2020-96">[96]</a> On 14 April 2020, United States president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> said that he would halt United States funding to the WHO while reviewing its role in "severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of the coronavirus."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> World leaders and health experts largely condemned President Trump's announcement, which came amid criticism of his response to the outbreak in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> WHO called the announcement "regrettable" and defended its actions in alerting the world to the emergence of COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On 8 May 2020, the United States blocked a vote on a U.N. Security Council resolution aimed at promoting nonviolent international cooperation during the pandemic, and mentioning the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On 7 July 2020, President Trump formally notified the UN of his intent to withdraw the United States from the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> However, Trump's successor, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, cancelled the planned withdrawal and announced in January 2021 that the U.S. would resume funding the organization.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In May 2023, the WHO announced that COVID-19 was no longer a world-wide health emergency.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_policy">Health policy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health policy">edit</a>]</div> WHO addresses government <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a> with two aims: firstly, "to address the underlying social and economic determinants of health through policies and programmes that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches" and secondly "to promote a healthier environment, intensify primary prevention and influence public policies in all sectors so as to address the root causes of environmental threats to health".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 61–65  The organization develops and promotes the use of evidence-based tools, norms and standards to support member states to inform <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a> options. It oversees the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a>, and publishes a series of <a href="/wiki/Medical_classification" title="Medical classification">medical classifications</a>; of these, three are over-reaching "reference classifications": the <a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases">International Statistical Classification of Diseases</a> (ICD), the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning,_Disability_and_Health" title="International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health">International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health</a> (ICF) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Health_Interventions" title="International Classification of Health Interventions">International Classification of Health Interventions</a> (ICHI).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Other international policy frameworks produced by WHO include the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Marketing_of_Breast-milk_Substitutes" title="International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes">International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes</a> (adopted in 1981),<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> (adopted in 2003)<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Health_Human_Resources#Global_Code_of_Practice_on_the_International_Recruitment_of_Health_Personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Human Resources">Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel</a> (adopted in 2010)<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO Model List of Essential Medicines</a> and its <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children">pediatric counterpart</a>. An international convention on pandemic prevention and preparedness is being actively considered.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In terms of health services, WHO looks to improve "governance, financing, staffing and management" and the availability and quality of evidence and research to guide policy. It also strives to "ensure improved access, quality and use of medical products and technologies".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 72–83  WHO – working with donor agencies and national governments – can improve their reporting about use of research evidence.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital_Health">Digital Health</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Digital Health">edit</a>]</div> On Digital Health topics, WHO has existing Inter-Agency collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (the UN Specialized Agency for <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">ICT</a>), including the Be Health, Be Mobile initiate and the ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization,_Bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>World Health Organization, Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_packages">Policy packages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Policy packages">edit</a>]</div> The WHO has developed several technical policy packages to support countries to improve health:<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <ul><li>ACTIVE (physical activity)</li> <li>HEARTS (cardiovascular diseases)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPOWER_tobacco_control" title="MPOWER tobacco control">MPOWER</a> (tobacco control)</li> <li>REPLACE (trans fat)</li> <li>SAFER (alcohol)</li> <li>SHAKE (salt reduction)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance_and_support">Governance and support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Governance and support">edit</a>]</div> The remaining two of WHO's thirteen identified policy areas relate to the role of WHO itself:<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 84–91  <ul><li>"to provide leadership, strengthen governance and foster partnership and collaboration with countries, the United Nations system, and other stakeholders in order to fulfil the mandate of WHO in advancing the global health agenda"; and</li> <li>"to develop and sustain WHO as a flexible, learning organization, enabling it to carry out its mandate more efficiently and effectively".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Partnerships">edit</a>]</div> The WHO along with the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> constitute the core team responsible for administering the <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="International Health Partnership">International Health Partnership</a> (IHP+). The IHP+ is a group of partner governments, development agencies, civil society, and others committed to improving the health of citizens in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>. Partners work together to put international principles for <a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">aid effectiveness</a> and development co-operation into practice in the health sector.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The organization relies on contributions from renowned scientists and professionals to inform its work, such as the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Expert_Committee_on_Biological_Standardization" title="WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization">WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Expert_Committee_on_Leprosy" title="WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy">WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Interprofessional_education#WHO_Study_Group_on_Interprofessional_Education_&_Collaborative_Practice" title="Interprofessional education">WHO Study Group on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> WHO runs the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Health_Policy_and_Systems_Research" title="Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research">Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research</a>, targeted at improving <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> WHO also aims to improve access to health research and literature in developing countries such as through the <a href="/wiki/HINARI" title="HINARI">HINARI</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> WHO collaborates with <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a>, UNITAID, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief<a href="#cite_note-appswhoint-135">[135]</a> to spearhead and fund the development of HIV programs. WHO created the Civil Society Reference Group on HIV,<a href="#cite_note-appswhoint-135">[135]</a> which brings together other networks that are involved in policymaking and the dissemination of guidelines. WHO, a sector of the United Nations, partners with UNAIDS<a href="#cite_note-appswhoint-135">[135]</a> to contribute to the development of HIV responses in different areas of the world. WHO facilitates technical partnerships through the Technical Advisory Committee on HIV,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> which they created to develop WHO guidelines and policies. In 2014, WHO released the Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of Life in a joint publication with the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Hospice_Palliative_Care_Alliance" title="Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance">Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance</a>, an affiliated NGO working collaboratively with the WHO to promote <a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">palliative care</a> in national and international <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_health_education_and_action">Public health education and action</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Public health education and action">edit</a>]</div> The practice of empowering individuals to exert more control over and make improvements to their health is known as health education, as described by the WHO. It shifts away from an emphasis on personal behaviour and toward a variety of societal and environmental solutions.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Each year, the organization marks <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Day" title="World Health Day">World Health Day</a> and other observances focusing on a specific <a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">health promotion</a> topic. World Health Day falls on 7 April each year, timed to match the anniversary of WHO's founding. Recent themes have been <a href="/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (epidemiology)">vector-borne diseases</a> (2014), healthy ageing (2012) and <a href="/wiki/Drug_resistance" title="Drug resistance">drug resistance</a> (2011).<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The other official global public health campaigns marked by WHO are <a href="/wiki/World_Tuberculosis_Day" title="World Tuberculosis Day">World Tuberculosis Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Immunization_Week" title="World Immunization Week">World Immunization Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Malaria_Day" title="World Malaria Day">World Malaria Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_No_Tobacco_Day" title="World No Tobacco Day">World No Tobacco Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Blood_Donor_Day" title="World Blood Donor Day">World Blood Donor Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Hepatitis_Day" title="World Hepatitis Day">World Hepatitis Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a>. As part of the United Nations, the World Health Organization supports work towards the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, three – reducing child mortality by two-thirds, to reduce maternal deaths by three-quarters, and to halt and begin to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS – relate directly to the WHO's scope; the other five inter-relate and affect world health.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_handling_and_publications">Data handling and publications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Data handling and publications">edit</a>]</div> The World Health Organization works to provide the needed health and well-being evidence through a variety of data collection platforms, including the World Health Survey covering almost 400,000 respondents from 70 countries,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Study_on_Global_Ageing_and_Adult_Health" title="Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health">Study on Global Aging and Adult Health</a> (SAGE) covering over 50,000 persons over 50 years old in 23 countries.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The Country Health Intelligence Portal (CHIP), has also been developed to provide an access point to information about the health services that are available in different countries.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The information gathered in this portal is used by the countries to set priorities for future strategies or plans, implement, monitor, and evaluate it. The WHO has published various tools for measuring and monitoring the capacity of national <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">health systems</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_Human_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Human Resources">health workforces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The Global Health Observatory (GHO) has been the WHO's main portal which provides access to data and analyses for key health themes by monitoring health situations around the globe.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS), the WHO Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL), and the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) provide guidance for data collection.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Collaborative efforts between WHO and other agencies, such as through the <a href="/wiki/Health_Metrics_Network" title="Health Metrics Network">Health Metrics Network</a>, also aim to provide sufficient high-quality information to assist governmental decision making.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> WHO promotes the development of capacities in member states to use and produce research that addresses their national needs, including through the <a href="/wiki/Evidence-Informed_Policy_Network" title="Evidence-Informed Policy Network">Evidence-Informed Policy Network</a> (EVIPNet).<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a> (PAHO/AMRO) became the first region to develop and pass a policy on research for health approved in September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On 10 December 2013, a new WHO database, known as MiNDbank, went online. The database was launched on <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a>, and is part of WHO's QualityRights initiative, which aims to end human rights violations against people with mental health conditions. The new database presents a great deal of information about mental health, substance abuse, disability, human rights, and the different policies, strategies, laws, and service standards being implemented in different countries.<a href="#cite_note-MiNDbank-153">[153]</a> It also contains important international documents and information. The database allows visitors to access the health information of WHO member states and other partners. Users can review policies, laws, and strategies and search for the best practices and success stories in the field of mental health.<a href="#cite_note-MiNDbank-153">[153]</a> The WHO regularly publishes a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Report" title="World Health Report">World Health Report</a>, its leading publication, including an expert assessment of a specific <a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">global health</a> topic.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Other publications of WHO include the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Bulletin of the World Health Organization">Bulletin of the World Health Organization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_Health_Journal" title="Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal">Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal</a> (overseen by EMRO),<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Human_Resources_for_Health" title="Human Resources for Health">Human Resources for Health</a> (published in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a>),<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="Pan American Journal of Public Health">Pan American Journal of Public Health</a> (overseen by PAHO/AMRO).<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In 2016, the World Health Organization drafted a global health sector strategy on HIV. In the draft, the World Health Organization outlines its commitment to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 with interim targets for the year 2020. To make achievements towards these targets, the draft lists actions that countries and the WHO can take, such as a commitment to universal health coverage, medical accessibility, prevention and eradication of disease, and efforts to educate the public. Some notable points made in the draft include tailoring resources to mobilized regions where the health system may be compromised due to natural disasters, etc. Among the points made, it seems clear that although the prevalence of HIV transmission is declining, there is still a need for resources, health education, and global efforts to end this epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The WHO has a Framework Convention on Tobacco implementation database which is one of the few mechanisms to help enforce compliance with the FCTC.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> However, there have been reports of numerous discrepancies between it and national implementation reports on which it was built. As researchers Hoffman and Rizvi report "As of July 4, 2012, 361 (32·7%) of 1104 countries' responses were misreported: 33 (3·0%) were clear errors (e.g., database indicated 'yes' when report indicated 'no'), 270 (24·5%) were missing despite countries having submitted responses, and 58 (5·3%) were, in our opinion, misinterpreted by WHO staff".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> WHO has been moving toward acceptance and integration of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a> (TCM). In 2022, the new <a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</a>, ICD-11, will attempt to enable classifications from traditional medicine to be integrated with classifications from <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a>. Though Chinese authorities have pushed for the change, this and other support of the WHO for traditional medicine has been criticized by the medical and scientific community, due to lack of evidence and the risk of endangering wildlife hunted for traditional remedies.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hunt-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> A WHO spokesman said that the inclusion was "not an endorsement of the scientific validity of any Traditional Medicine practice or the efficacy of any Traditional Medicine intervention."<a href="#cite_note-Hunt-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International Agency for Research on Cancer">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a></div> The WHO sub-department, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), conducts and coordinates research into the causes of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> It also <a href="/wiki/Cancer_registry" title="Cancer registry">collects</a> and publishes <a href="/wiki/Disease_surveillance" title="Disease surveillance">surveillance</a> data regarding the occurrence of cancer worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monographs</a> Programme identifies carcinogenic <a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">hazards</a> and evaluates environmental <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">causes of cancer</a> in humans.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_governance">Structure and governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Structure and governance">edit</a>]</div> The World Health Organization is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Group">United Nations Development Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Membership">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/220px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/330px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/440px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Countries by World Health Organization membership status</figcaption></figure> As of January 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the WHO has 194 member states: all member states of the United Nations except for <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (192 countries), plus the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-countries-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Members+AM-171">[171]</a> A state becomes a full member of WHO by ratifying the treaty known as the Constitution of the World Health Organization. As of January 2021, it also had two associate members, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Members+AM-171">[171]</a> The WHO two-year budget for 2022–2023 is paid by its 194 members and 2 associate members.<a href="#cite_note-Members+AM-171">[171]</a> Several other countries have been granted <a href="/wiki/Observer_status" title="Observer status">observer status</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> is an observer as a "national liberation movement" recognized by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Arab_States" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Arab States">League of Arab States</a> under United Nations Resolution 3118. The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> (or Order of Malta) also attends on an observer basis. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> attends as an observer, and its participation as "non-Member State Observer" was formalized by an Assembly resolution in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burci-2004-174">[174]</a> The government of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> was allowed to participate under the designation "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>" as an observer from 2009 to 2016, but has not been invited again since.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> WHO member states appoint delegations to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>, the WHO's supreme decision-making body. All UN member states are eligible for WHO membership, and, according to the WHO website, "other countries may be admitted as members when their application has been approved by a simple majority vote of the World Health Assembly".<a href="#cite_note-countries-170">[170]</a> The World Health Assembly is attended by delegations from all member states, and determines the policies of the organization. The executive board is composed of members technically qualified in health and gives effect to the decisions and policies of the World Health Assembly. In addition, the UN observer organizations <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a> have entered into "official relations" with WHO and are invited as observers. In the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>, they are seated alongside the other NGOs.<a href="#cite_note-Burci-2004-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Membership_and_participation_of_the_Republic_of_China">Membership and participation of the Republic of China</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Membership and participation of the Republic of China">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (ROC), which controlled <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> from 1912 to 1949 and currently governs <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_of_Taiwan" title="Retrocession of Taiwan">since 1945</a> following World War II, was the founding member of WHO since its inception had represented "China" in the organization, but the representation was changed to the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC), <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">established</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">in 1949</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), in 1971 that <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">expelled</a> the ROC from both WHO and the UN organs. Since that time, per the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a>, both the ROC and PRC <a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">lay claims</a> of sovereignty to each other's territory.<a href="#cite_note-UN_ARES2758XXVI_page1-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In May 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health (Republic of China)">Department of Health of the Republic of China</a> was invited by the WHO to attend the 62nd <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> as an observer under the name "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>". This was the ROC's first participation at WHO meetings since 1971, as a result of the improved <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">cross-strait relations</a> since <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> became the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">president of the Republic of China</a> a year before.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Its participation with WHO ended due to diplomatic pressure from the PRC following the <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2016 Taiwanese presidential election">election in 2016</a> that brought the independence-minded <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> back into power.<a href="#cite_note-Kyodo_News_2020-179">[179]</a> Political pressure from the PRC has led to the ROC being barred from membership of the WHO and other UN-affiliated organizations, and in 2017 to 2020 the WHO refused to allow Taiwanese delegates to attend the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">WHO annual assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> According to Taiwanese publication <a href="/wiki/The_News_Lens" title="The News Lens">The News Lens</a>, on multiple occasions Taiwanese journalists have been denied access to report on the assembly.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In May 2018, the WHO denied access to its annual assembly by Taiwanese media, reportedly due to demands from the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Later in May 172 members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> wrote to the director-general of the World Health Organization to argue for Taiwan's inclusion as an observer at the WHA.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The United States, Japan, Germany, and Australia all support Taiwan's inclusion in WHO.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Pressure to allow the ROC to participate in WHO increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic with Taiwan's exclusion from emergency meetings concerning the outbreak bringing a rare united front from Taiwan's diverse political parties. Taiwan's main opposition party, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT, Chinese Nationalist Party), expressed their anger at being excluded arguing that disease respects neither politics nor geography. China once again dismissed concerns over Taiwanese inclusion with the foreign minister claiming that no-one cares more about the health and wellbeing of the Taiwanese people than central government of the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> During the outbreak Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> voiced his support for Taiwan's participation in WHO, as did Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kyodo_News_2020-179">[179]</a> In January 2020 the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, a WHO observer, backed Taiwan's participation in WHO meetings related to the coronavirus pandemic as well as their general participation.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In a 2020 interview, Assistant Director-General <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> appeared to dodge a question from <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a> reporter Yvonne Tong about Taiwan's response to the pandemic and inclusion in the WHO, blaming internet connection issues.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> When the video chat was restarted, he was asked another question about Taiwan. He responded by indicating that they had already discussed China and formally ended the interview.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> This incident led to accusations about the PRC's political influence over the international organization.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Taiwan's effective response to the 2019–20 <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> has bolstered its case for WHO membership. Taiwan's response to the outbreak has been praised by a number of experts.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> In early May 2020, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">New Zealand Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a> expressed support for the ROC's bid to rejoin the WHO during a media conference.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The New Zealand Government subsequently supporting Taiwan's bid to join the WHO, putting NZ alongside Australia and the United States who have taken similar positions.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> On 9 May, Congressmen <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">Michael McCaul</a>, the House Committee's ranking <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> member, Senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Jim Risch</a>, the Republican chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a>, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Bob Menendez</a>, the Senate Committee's ranking Democratic member, submitted a joint letter to nearly 60 "like-minded" countries including Canada, Thailand, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and Australia, urging them to support ROC's participation in the World Health Organization.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In November 2020, the word "Taiwan" was blocked in comments on a livestream on the WHO's <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Health_Assembly_and_Executive_Board">World Health Assembly and Executive Board</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: World Health Assembly and Executive Board">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organisation_headquarters,_Geneva,_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>WHO headquarters in Geneva</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> (WHA) is the legislative and supreme body of the WHO. Based in Geneva, it typically meets yearly in May. It appoints the director-general every five years and votes on matters of policy and finance of WHO, including the proposed budget. It also reviews reports of the executive board and decides whether there are areas of work requiring further examination. The Assembly elects 34 members, technically qualified in the field of health, to the executive board for three-year terms. The main functions of the board are to carry out the decisions and policies of the Assembly, to advise it, and to facilitate its work.<a href="#cite_note-governance-201">[201]</a> As of June 2023, the chair of the executive board is Dr. Hanan Mohamed Al Kuwari of Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director-General">Director-General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Director-General">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director-General of the World Health Organization</a></div> The head of the organization is the director-general, elected by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> The term lasts for five years, and directors-general are typically appointed in May, when the Assembly meets. The current director-general is Dr. <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a>, who was appointed on 1 July 2017.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_institutions">Global institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Global institutions">edit</a>]</div> Apart from regional, country, and liaison offices, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> has also established other institutions for promoting and carrying on research.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> (IARC)<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a>]</div> The WHO employs 7,000 people in 149 countries and regions to carry out its principles.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In support of the principle of a tobacco-free work environment, the WHO does not recruit cigarette smokers.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The organization has previously instigated the <a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goodwill_Ambassadors">Goodwill Ambassadors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Goodwill Ambassadors">edit</a>]</div> The WHO operates "<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization_Goodwill_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization Goodwill Ambassador">Goodwill Ambassadors</a>"; members of the arts, sports, or other fields of public life aimed at drawing attention to the WHO's initiatives and projects. There are currently five Goodwill Ambassadors (<a href="/wiki/Jet_Li" title="Jet Li">Jet Li</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yohei_Sasakawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohei Sasakawa">Yohei Sasakawa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra">Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra</a>) and a further ambassador associated with a partnership project (<a href="/wiki/Craig_David" title="Craig David">Craig David</a>).<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On 21 October 2017, the director-general <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a> appointed the then Zimbabwean president <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization_Goodwill_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization Goodwill Ambassador">WHO Goodwill Ambassador</a> to help promote the fight against non-communicable diseases. The appointment address praised Mugabe for his commitment to public health in Zimbabwe. The appointment attracted widespread condemnation and criticism in WHO member states and international organizations due to Robert Mugabe's poor record on human rights and presiding over a decline in Zimbabwe's public health.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Due to the outcry, the following day the appointment was revoked.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_Society_of_the_World_Health_Organization">Medical Society of the World Health Organization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Medical Society of the World Health Organization">edit</a>]</div> Since the beginning,<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> the WHO has had the Medical Society of the World Health Organization. It has conducted lectures by noted researchers and published findings, recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] The founder, Dr. <a href="/wiki/S._William_A._Gunn" title="S. William A. Gunn">S. William A. Gunn</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> has been its president.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Eden" title="Murray Eden">Murray Eden</a> was awarded the WHO Medical Society medal, for his work as consultant on research and development for WHO's director-general.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing_and_partnerships">Financing and partnerships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Financing and partnerships">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The WHO is financed by contributions from member states and outside donors. In 2020–21, the largest contributors were the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The WHO Executive Board formed a Working Group on Sustainable Financing in 2021, charged to rethink WHO's funding strategy and present recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Its recommendations were adopted by the 2022 World Health Assembly,<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> the key one being to raise compulsory member dues to a level equal to 50% of WHO's 2022–2023 base budget by the end of the 2020s.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Top 10 contributors (biennium 2020–2021; updated until Q4-2021) in millions of US$ </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Contributor</th> <th>Assessed contributions</th> <th>Voluntary contributions specified</th> <th>Core voluntary contributions</th> <th>Total (biennium)</th> <th>Share</th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>58</td> <td>953</td> <td></td> <td>1,011</td> <td>14.4%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> <td>232</td> <td>448</td> <td></td> <td>681</td> <td>9.7%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></td> <td></td> <td>592</td> <td></td> <td>592</td> <td>8.4%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a></td> <td>44</td> <td>367</td> <td>120</td> <td>531</td> <td>7.6%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI Alliance</a></td> <td></td> <td>371</td> <td></td> <td>371</td> <td>5.3%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></td> <td></td> <td>310</td> <td></td> <td>310</td> <td>4.4%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>82</td> <td>122</td> <td></td> <td>204</td> <td>2.9%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>115</td> <td>63</td> <td></td> <td>178</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></td> <td></td> <td>158</td> <td></td> <td>158</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary International</a></td> <td></td> <td>152</td> <td></td> <td>152</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Others</td> <td>530</td> <td>2,306</td> <td>144</td> <td>2,980</td> <td>42.4%</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total</th> <th style="text-align:right;">957</th> <th style="text-align:right;">5,824</th> <th style="text-align:right;">264</th> <th style="text-align:right;">7,031</th> <th>100.0%</th> <th><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Assessed contributions are the dues the Member States pay depending on the states' wealth and population</li> <li>Voluntary contributions specified are funds for specific programme areas provided by the Member States or other partners</li> <li>Core voluntary contributions are funds for flexible uses provided by the Member States or other partners</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Past">Past</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Past">edit</a>]</div> At the beginning of the 21st century, the WHO's work involved increasing collaboration with external bodies.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> As of 2002<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, a total of 473 nongovernmental organizations (NGO) had some form of partnership with WHO. There were 189 partnerships with international NGOs in formal "official relations" – the rest being considered informal in character.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Partners include the <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the largest annual assessed contributions from member states came from the United States ($110 million), Japan ($58 million), Germany ($37 million), United Kingdom ($31 million) and France ($31 million).<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The combined 2012–2013 budget proposed a total expenditure of $3,959 million, of which $944 million (24%) will come from assessed contributions. This represented a significant fall in outlay compared to the previous 2009–2010 budget, adjusting to take account of previous underspends. Assessed contributions were kept the same. Voluntary contributions will account for $3,015 million (76%), of which $800 million is regarded as highly or moderately flexible funding, with the remainder tied to particular programmes or objectives.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">The Associated Press</a>, the WHO routinely spends about $200 million a year on travel expenses, more than it spends to tackle mental health problems, <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> combined. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chan" title="Margaret Chan">Margaret Chan</a>, director-general of WHO from January 2007 to June 2017,<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> stayed in a $1000-per-night hotel room while visiting West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> The biggest contributor used to be the United States, which gives over $400 million annually.<a href="#cite_note-The-New-York-Times-2020-249">[249]</a> U.S. contributions to the WHO are funded through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department's</a> account for Contributions to International Organizations (CIO). In April 2020, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, with backing by members of his party,<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> announced that his administration would halt funding to the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Funds previously earmarked for the WHO were to be held for 60–90 days pending an investigation into the WHO's handling of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, particularly in respect to the organization's purported relationship with China.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> The announcement was immediately criticized by world leaders including <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, the secretary general of the United Nations; <a href="/wiki/Heiko_Maas" title="Heiko Maas">Heiko Maas</a>, the German foreign minister; and <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki Mahamat</a>, African Union chairman.<a href="#cite_note-The-New-York-Times-2020-249">[249]</a> During the first two years of the pandemic, American funding of the WHO declined by a quarter, although it is expected to increase during 2022 and 2023.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> On 16 May 2020, the Trump Administration agreed to pay up to what China pays in assessed contributions, which is less than about one-tenth of its previous funding. Biennium 2018–2019 China paid in assessed contributions US$75,796K, in specified voluntary contributions US$10,184K, for a total US$85,980K.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards">WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards">WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards</a></div> World Health Organization Prizes and Awards are given to recognize major achievements in public health. The candidates are nominated and recommended by each prize and award selection panel. The WHO Executive Board selects the winners, which are presented during the World Health Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_headquarters_and_offices">World headquarters and offices</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: World headquarters and offices">edit</a>]</div> The seat of the organization is in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland. It was designed by Swiss architect <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tschumi" title="Jean Tschumi">Jean Tschumi</a> and inaugurated in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> In 2017, the organization launched an international competition to redesign and extend its headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_of_the_WHO_headquarters_building">Gallery of the WHO headquarters building</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gallery of the WHO headquarters building">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 73.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 71.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters,_Geneva,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairwell, 1969"><img alt="Stairwell, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/107px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/161px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/215px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="425" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairwell, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 83.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 81.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Internal courtyard, 1969"><img alt="Internal courtyard, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/122px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/183px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/244px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="375" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Internal courtyard, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization,_Geneva,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reflecting pool, 1969"><img alt="Reflecting pool, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/300px-Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="249" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reflecting pool, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior, 1969"><img alt="Exterior, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/115px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/172px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/230px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="390" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:WHO_HQ_main_building,_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="From southwest, 2013"><img alt="From southwest, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/240px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/360px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/480px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">From southwest, 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ,_Geneva.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance hall, 2013"><img alt="Entrance hall, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/240px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/360px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/480px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance hall, 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Main conference room, 2013"><img alt="Main conference room, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/240px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/360px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/480px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main conference room, 2013</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_and_liaison_offices">Country and liaison offices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Country and liaison offices">edit</a>]</div> The World Health Organization operates 150 country offices in six different regions.<a href="#cite_note-peopleandoffices-259">[259]</a> It also operates several liaison offices, including those with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, United Nations and a single office covering the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. It also operates the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France, and the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Centre_for_Health_Development" title="WHO Centre for Health Development">WHO Centre for Health Development</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Additional offices include those in <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>; the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>; the US-Mexico Border Field Office in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>; the Office of the Caribbean Program Coordination in Barbados; and the Northern Micronesia office.<a href="#cite_note-detailedinformation-261">[261]</a> There will generally be one WHO country office in the capital, occasionally accompanied by satellite-offices in the provinces or sub-regions of the country in question. The country office is headed by a WHO Representative (WR). As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the only WHO Representative outside Europe to be a national of that country was for the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</a> ("Libya"); all other staff was international. WHO Representatives in the Region termed the Americas are referred to as PAHO/WHO Representatives. In Europe, WHO Representatives also serve as head of the country office, and are nationals except for Serbia; there are also heads of the country office in Albania, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.<a href="#cite_note-detailedinformation-261">[261]</a> The WR is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN system</a> country team which is coordinated by the UN System <a href="/wiki/Resident_Coordinator" title="Resident Coordinator">Resident Coordinator</a>. The country office consists of the WR, and several health and other experts, both foreign and local, as well as the necessary support staff.<a href="#cite_note-peopleandoffices-259">[259]</a> The main functions of WHO country offices include being the primary adviser of that country's government in matters of health and pharmaceutical policies.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_offices">Regional offices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Regional offices">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/330px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/440px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Map of the WHO's regional offices and their respective operating regions: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Africa; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, Republic of the Congo</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Western Pacific; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  South East Asia; HQ: <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Europe; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Americas; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US</div> </figcaption></figure> The regional divisions of WHO were created between 1949 and 1952, following the model of the pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization#History" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hanrieder-2015-263">[263]</a> and are based on article 44 of the WHO's constitution, which allowed the WHO to "establish a [single] regional organization to meet the special needs of [each defined] area". Many decisions are made at the regional level, including important discussions over WHO's budget, and in deciding the members of the next assembly, which are designated by the regions.<a href="#cite_note-burci53-264">[264]</a> Each region has a regional committee, which generally meets once a year, normally in the autumn. Representatives attend from each member or associative member in each region, including those states that are not full members. For example, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> attends meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_Regional_office_of_World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization">Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office</a>. Each region also has a regional office.<a href="#cite_note-burci53-264">[264]</a> Each regional office is headed by a director, who is elected by the Regional Committee. The board must approve such appointments, although as of 2004, it had never over-ruled the preference of a regional committee. The exact role of the board in the process has been a subject of debate, but the practical effect has always been small.<a href="#cite_note-burci53-264">[264]</a> Since 1999, regional directors serve for a once-renewable five-year term, and typically take their position on 1 February.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Each regional committee of the WHO consists of all the Health Department heads, in all the governments of the countries that constitute the Region. Aside from electing the regional director, the regional committee is also in charge of setting the guidelines for the implementation, within the region, of the health and other policies adopted by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>. The regional committee also serves as a progress review board for the actions of WHO within the Region.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The regional director is effectively the head of WHO for his or her region. The RD manages and/or supervises a staff of health and other experts at the regional offices and in specialized centres. The RD is also the direct supervising authority – concomitantly with the WHO Director-General – of all the heads of WHO country offices, known as WHO Representatives, within the region.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The strong position of the regional offices has been criticized in WHO history for undermining its effectiveness and led to unsuccessful attempts to integrate them more strongly within 'One WHO'.<a href="#cite_note-Hanrieder-2015-263">[263]</a> Disease specific programmes such as the smallpox eradication programme<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> or the 1980s Global Programme on AIDS <a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> were set up with more direct, vertical structures that bypassed the regional offices. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Regional offices of WHO </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="13%">Region </th> <th width="17%">Headquarters </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>Website </th></tr> <tr> <td>Africa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, Republic of the Congo </td> <td>AFRO includes most of Africa, with the exception of Egypt, Sudan, Djibouti, Tunisia, Libya, Somalia and Morocco (all fall under EMRO).<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Matshidiso_Moeti" title="Matshidiso Moeti">Matshidiso Moeti</a>, a Botswana national. (Tenure: 2015–present).<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afro.who.int">AFRO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Europe </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark </td> <td>EURO includes all of Europe (except Liechtenstein), Israel, and all of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Hans_Kluge" title="Hans Kluge">Hans Kluge</a>, a Belgian national (Tenure: 2020–present).<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euro.who.int/en">EURO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070729061315/http://www.euro.who.int/vaccine/20030724_13">Archived</a> 29 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South-East Asia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a> is served by SEARO.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Saima_Wazed" title="Saima Wazed">Saima Wazed</a>, a Bangladeshi national (Tenure: 2024–present).<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int">SEARO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern Mediterranean </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_Regional_office_of_World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization">Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office</a> serves the countries of Africa that are not included in AFRO, as well as all countries in the Middle East except for Israel. Pakistan is served by EMRO.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Al-Mandhari" title="Ahmed Al-Mandhari">Ahmed Al-Mandhari</a>, an Omani national (Tenure: 2018 – present).<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emro.who.int">EMRO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western Pacific </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, the Philippines </td> <td>WPRO covers all the Asian countries not served by SEARO, EMRO, or EURO, and all the countries in Oceania. South Korea is served by WPRO.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> The acting regional director is <a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Jakab" title="Zsuzsanna Jakab">Zsuzsanna Jakab</a>, a Hungarian national and the current WHO Deputy Director-General (Tenure: 2023 – present).<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpro.who.int">WPRO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Americas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States </td> <td>Also known as the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a> (PAHO), and covers the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> The WHO regional director is <a href="/wiki/Carissa_F._Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Carissa F. Etienne">Carissa F. Etienne</a>, a Dominican national (Tenure: 2013 – present).<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paho.org">AMRO</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Private_funding">Private funding</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Private funding">edit</a>]</div> In 2024 the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> was the organization's major private contributor, funding 10% of its budget.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Healthy_Cities" title="Alliance for Healthy Cities">Alliance for Healthy Cities</a>, an international alliance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_mental_health" title="Global mental health">Global mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">Health promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Sciences_Online" title="Health Sciences Online">Health Sciences Online</a>, virtual learning resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_city" title="Healthy city">Healthy city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_5s_Project" title="High 5s Project">High 5s Project</a>, a patient safety collaboration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_polluted_cities_in_the_world_by_particulate_matter_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most polluted cities in the world by particulate matter concentration">List of most polluted cities in the world by particulate matter concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Learning_for_Development" title="Open Learning for Development">Open Learning for Development</a>, virtual learning resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Programme_of_Research,_Development_and_Research_Training_in_Human_Reproduction-_HRP" title="Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction- HRP">Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction- HRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Partnership_for_Maternal,_Newborn_and_Child_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health">The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_global_health" title="Timeline of global health">Timeline of global health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interagency_Task_Force_on_the_Prevention_and_Control_of_NCDs" title="United Nations Interagency Task Force on the Prevention and Control of NCDs">United Nations Interagency Task Force on the Prevention and Control of NCDs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellbeing_economy" title="Wellbeing economy">Wellbeing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" title="WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Guidelines_for_drinking-water_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality">WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Pesticide_Evaluation_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme">WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Hearing_Day" title="World Hearing Day">World Hearing Day</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf">"Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" 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YouTube. <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a> VNEWS. 16:35 to 20:59. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLvg0KnTKhU?t=994">the original</a> on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Pulse%3A+Coronavirus+situations+in+New+York+city%2C+London+and+Lombardy%2C+Italy+%26+interview+with+WHO+Bruce+Aylward&rft.pages=16%3A35+to+20%3A59&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft.au=Yvonne+Tong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRLvg0KnTKhU%3Ft%3D994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> <a href="//archive.org/details/thepulsecoronavirussituationsinnewyorkcitylondonandlombardyitalyinterviewwithwhob" class="extiw" title="iarchive:thepulsecoronavirussituationsinnewyorkcitylondonandlombardyitalyinterviewwithwhob">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWulfsohn2020" class="citation web cs1">Wulfsohn, Joseph (28 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/who-china-taiwan-interview">"WHO accused of 'carrying China's water' after official refuses to acknowledge Taiwan during bizarre interview"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Health+Assembly+elects+Dr+Tedros+Adhanom+Ghebreyesus+as+new+WHO+Director-General&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2017%2Fdirector-general-elect%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> See, generally, Article 18 of the Constitution of the World Health Organization. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Assembly1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> (1965). "WHA18.44 Establishment of an International Agency for Research on Cancer". 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Retrieved 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prehospital+and+Disaster+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chemical+Weapons%3A+The+United+Nations+Team+of+Experts+in+the+Iran-Iraq+War&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-42&rft.date=1991-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155244274%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1945-1938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1049023X00028053&rft.aulast=Imobersteg&rft.aufirst=U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fprehospital-and-disaster-medicine%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fchemical-weapons-the-united-nations-team-of-experts-in-the-iraniraq-war%2FAE0A8D14FAA1A47B3B1B3F33868BAA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn1995" class="citation journal cs1">Gunn, S. 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Retrieved 22 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patient+Education+and+Counseling&rft.atitle=Totemic+medicine+among+the+American+Indians+of+the+Northwest+coast&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=159-167&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.issn=0738-3991&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7494716&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0738-3991%2895%2900751-K&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=S.+W.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%252F0738-3991%252895%252900751-K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Leo Klein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297386694_Professor_SWA_GUNN_MD_MS_FRCSC_FRCSI_Hon_DSc_Hon_dr_h_c_A_90TH_BIRTHDAY_TRIBUTEMil.">Professor S.W.A. Gunn, MD, MS, FRCSC, FRCSI (Hon), DSc (Hon), dr. h. c. A 90th Birthday Tribute</a> Med. Sci. Lett. (Voj. Zdrav. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eecs.mit.edu/news-events/media/remembering-murray-eden-1920-2020">the original</a> on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eecs.mit.edu&rft.atitle=Remembering+Murray+Eden%2C+1920%E2%80%932020+%7C+MIT+EECS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eecs.mit.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fmedia%2Fremembering-murray-eden-1920-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/about/funding/contributors/usa">"United States of America"</a>. 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Devex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621225523/https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-5-ways-to-buttress-who-s-financing-ambition-105731">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Devex&rft.atitle=5+Ways+to+Buttress+WHO%27s+Financing+Ambition&rft.date=2023-06-21&rft.aulast=Klock&rft.aufirst=Kevin+A.&rft.au=Gostin%2C+Lawrence+O.&rft.au=Fitch%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Wetter%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Perlman%2C+Vanessa+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.devex.com%2Fnews%2Fopinion-5-ways-to-buttress-who-s-financing-ambition-105731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Germany">"WHO | Programme Budget Web Portal"</a>. open.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113938/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Germany">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023. 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Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Office+for+Europe&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Fregions%2Feuro%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129173833/https://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/regional-director/dr-hans-kluge-biography">"Dr Kluge: biography"</a>. World Health Organization/Europe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/regional-director/dr-hans-kluge-biography">the original</a> on 29 January 2021. 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Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Office+for+South-East+Asia&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Fregions%2Fsearo%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180611061702/http://www.searo.who.int/regional_director/en/">"SEARO Regional Director Biography | WHO"</a>. searo.who.int. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int/regional_director/en/">the original</a> on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=searo.who.int&rft.atitle=SEARO+Regional+Director+Biography+%7C+WHO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searo.who.int%2Fregional_director%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203230234/http://www.who.int/about/regions/emro/en/index.html">"Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean"</a>. WHO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/about/regions/emro/en/index.html">the original</a> on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Office+for+Eastern+Mediterranean&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Fregions%2Femro%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emro.who.int/about-who/regional-director/index.html">"EMRO Regional Director Biography | WHO"</a>. emro.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062729/http://www.emro.who.int/about-who/regional-director/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=emro.who.int&rft.atitle=EMRO+Regional+Director+Biography+%7C+WHO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emro.who.int%2Fabout-who%2Fregional-director%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303031050/http://www.who.int/about/regions/wpro/en/index.html">"Regional Office for the Western Pacific"</a>. WHO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/about/regions/wpro/en/index.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Office+for+the+Western+Pacific&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Fregions%2Fwpro%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/governance/regional-director">"Western Pacific Regional Director"</a>. www.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726130746/https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/governance/regional-director">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=Western+Pacific+Regional+Director&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwesternpacific%2Fabout%2Fgovernance%2Fregional-director&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304104500/http://www.who.int/about/regions/amro/en/index.html">"Regional Office for the Americas"</a>. WHO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/about/regions/amro/en/index.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Office+for+the+Americas&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Fregions%2Famro%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180611081644/http://www.who.int/dg/regional_directors/etienne/en/">"AMRO Regional Director Biography | WHO"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/dg/regional_directors/etienne/en/">the original</a> on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=AMRO+Regional+Director+Biography+%7C+WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdg%2Fregional_directors%2Fetienne%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Crawford2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Julia Crawford (11 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/politics/sanit%C3%A0-mondiale_bill-gates-ha-troppa-influenza-sull-oms/46600166">"Bill Gates ha troppa influenza sull'OMS?"</a> [Does Bill Gates have an excessive influence on the WHO?]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SWI_swissinfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWI swissinfi (page does not exist)">swissinfo.ch</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816053643/https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/politica/sanit%c3%a0-mondiale_bill-gates-ha-troppa-influenza-sull-oms/46600166">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+ha+troppa+influenza+sull%27OMS%3F&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft.au=Julia+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fita%2Fpolitics%2Fsanit%25C3%25A0-mondiale_bill-gates-ha-troppa-influenza-sull-oms%2F46600166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> World Health Organization at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_Nations_World_Health_Organization" class="extiw" title="c:Category:United Nations World Health Organization">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:World_Health_Organization" class="extiw" title="n:Category:World Health Organization">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" class="extiw" title="q:World Health Organization">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about World Health Organization <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=World+Health+Organization">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=World+Health+Organization&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7817#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets">"WHO fact sheets"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WHO+fact+sheets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Ffact-sheets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960">"Covid-19: WHO Really Calls the Shots," video by the Swiss Government Information Service, 2021</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:ECOSOC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ECOSOC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ECOSOC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functional commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</a> (CCPCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (CND)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Population_and_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Population and Development"> United Nations Commission on Population and Development</a> (CPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Science_and_Technology_for_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development">United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development</a> (CSTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Commission for Social Development">United Nations Commission for Social Development</a> (CSocD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistical_Commission" title="United Nations Statistical Commission">United Nations Statistical Commission</a> (StatCom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">United Nations Commission on the Status of Women</a> (CSW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Forum_on_Forests" title="United Nations Forum on Forests">United Nations Forum on Forests</a> (UNFF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Regional commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Europe">Europe</a> (ECE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">Africa</a> (ECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">Asia and the Pacific</a> (ESCAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">Western Asia</a> (ESCWA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialised agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (IFAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> (WBG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funds and Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (UN-Habitat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a> (ICSID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> (MIGA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expert bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Development_Policy" title="Committee for Development Policy">Committee for Development Policy</a> (CDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Public_Administration" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration">Committee of Experts on Public Administration</a> (CEPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (CESCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Global_Geospatial_Information_Management" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management">Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management</a> (GGIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Working_Group_of_Experts_on_International_Standards_of_Accounting_and_Reporting" title="Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting">Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting</a> (ISAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Group_of_Experts_on_Geographical_Names" title="United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names">Group of Experts on Geographical Names</a> (UNGEGN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a> (UNPFII)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_International_Cooperation_in_Tax_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_the_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods_and_on_the_Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_Non-Governmental_Organizations" title="United Nations Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations">Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute</a> (UNICRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research</a> (UNIDIR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">United Nations Institute for Training and Research</a> (UNITAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">United Nations Research Institute for Social Development</a> (UNRISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">United Nations System Staff College</a> (UNSSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> (UNU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a> (ITC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group</a> (UNSDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">United Nations Office for Project Services</a> (UNOPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a> (UNRWA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women</a> (UN-Women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Sustainable_Development" title="Commission on Sustainable Development">Functional Commission on Sustainable Development </a> (CSD - Replaced in 2013 by <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">UNHLPF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights"> Functional Commission on Human Rights</a> (UNCHR - Replaced in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a> (IRO - Replaced in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanitarian_aid" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanitarian_aid" title="Template:Humanitarian aid"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanitarian_aid" title="Template talk:Humanitarian aid"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian_aid" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian aid"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanitarian_aid" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_in_conflict_zones" title="Humanitarian aid in conflict zones">in conflict zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_principles" title="Humanitarian principles">Humanitarian principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1850s, Creation of the Red Cross</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Solferino" title="Battle of Solferino">Battle of Solferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Memory_of_Solferino" title="A Memory of Solferino">A Memory of Solferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Humanitarian_Fact-Finding_Commission" title="International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission">International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History of the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">1951 Refugee Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st-century reform attempts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Humanitarian_Summit" title="World Humanitarian Summit">World Humanitarian Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bargain_(humanitarian_reform)" title="Grand Bargain (humanitarian reform)">Grand Bargain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localisation_(humanitarian_practice)" title="Localisation (humanitarian practice)">Localisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian-Development_Nexus" title="Humanitarian-Development Nexus">Humanitarian-Development Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Standing_Committee" title="Inter-Agency Standing Committee">Inter-Agency Standing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Cluster_System" title="Humanitarian Cluster System">Humanitarian Cluster System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanitarian organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commission_for_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commission for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">OCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WHO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross Movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seville_Agreement" title="Seville Agreement">Seville Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">The Federation (IFRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="List of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">National Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblems_of_the_International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Protective Emblems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Against_Hunger" title="Action Against Hunger">Action Against Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Catholic Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARE_International" title="CARE International">CARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">Danish Refugee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Medical_Corps" title="International Medical Corps">International Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">Médecins du Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Girls_International" title="Guardian Girls International">Guardian Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_International" title="Save the Children International">Save the Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision_International" title="World Vision International">World Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyamada_International_Foundation" title="Koyamada International Foundation">Koyamada International Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consortiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Empowered_Aid_Response" title="Network for Empowered Aid Response">NEAR Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALP_Network" title="CALP Network">CALP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Refugee-Led_Network" title="Global Refugee-Led Network">Global Refugee-Led Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRAC_(organisation)" title="BRAC (organisation)">BRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeso" title="Adeso">Adeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Refugee_Voices" title="Network for Refugee Voices">Network for Refugee Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Relief_and_Reconstruction_Foundation" title="Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation">Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis and reporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Development_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Development Institute">ODI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALNAP" title="ALNAP">ALNAP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_State_of_the_Humanitarian_System" title="The State of the Humanitarian System">The State of the Humanitarian System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Humanitarian" title="The New Humanitarian">The New Humanitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Humanitarian_Overview" title="Global Humanitarian Overview">Global Humanitarian Overview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degan_Ali" title="Degan Ali">Degan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Egeland" title="Jan Egeland">Jan Egeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christos_Christou" title="Christos Christou">Christos Christou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Byanyima" title="Winnie Byanyima">Winnie Byanyima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Griffiths" title="Martin Griffiths">Martin Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemilah_Mahmood" title="Jemilah Mahmood">Jemilah Mahmood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Slim" title="Hugo Slim">Hugo Slim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Maurer" title="Peter Maurer">Peter Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Orbinski" title="James Orbinski">James Orbinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kiddell-Monroe" title="Rachel Kiddell-Monroe">Rachel Kiddell-Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshedji_Tata" title="Jamshedji Tata">Jamshedji Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Donors and funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Emergency_Response_Fund" title="Central Emergency Response Fund">CERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">FCDO (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Agency_for_Development_Cooperation" title="Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_European_Civil_Protection_and_Humanitarian_Aid_Operations" title="Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations">ECHO (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_Development_Agency" title="Canadian International Development Agency">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cooperation_and_Coordination_Agency" title="Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Development_Agency" title="French Development Agency">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_Giving" title="Yield Giving">Yield Giving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major emergencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Chinese_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%931879" title="Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879">Chinese Famine of 1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%9378" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Famine of 1876–78">Great Indian Famine of 1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983%E2%80%9385_famine_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="1983–85 famine in Ethiopia">Ethiopian famine 1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_East_Africa_drought" title="2011 East Africa drought">2011 East Africa drought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan" title="Typhoon Haiyan">Typhoon Haiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">Western African Ebola outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards, power, abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHS_Alliance" title="CHS Alliance">CHS Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_exploitation_and_abuse_in_humanitarian_response" title="Sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response">Sexual exploitation and abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Humanitarian_Standard_on_Quality_and_Accountability" title="Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability">Core Humanitarian Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_(organization)" title="Sphere (organization)">Sphere (organization)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_Handbook" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphere Handbook">Sphere Handbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_State_of_the_World%27s_Cash_2020" title="The State of the World's Cash 2020">The State of the World's Cash 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aid worker safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_humanitarian_workers" title="Attacks on humanitarian workers">Attacks on humanitarian workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_Worker_Security_Database" title="Aid Worker Security Database">Aid Worker Security Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Humanitarian_Day" title="World Humanitarian Day">World Humanitarian Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Care_In_Danger" title="Health Care In Danger">Health Care In Danger Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_hospital_airstrike" title="Kunduz hospital airstrike">Kunduz hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstrikes_on_Yemen" title="Airstrikes on Yemen">Airstrikes on Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolo_hospital_airstrike" title="Dolo hospital airstrike">Dolo hospital airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights">Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">International development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_Centres_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention Centres in Libya">Detention Centres in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_mapping" title="Crisis mapping">Crisis mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Networks_and_Partnerships_Weeks" title="Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks">Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">Aid effectiveness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Template:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Template talk:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian</a> partners of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/echo/partnerships/humanitarian-partners_en">Humanitarian partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_European_Civil_Protection_and_Humanitarian_Aid_Operations" title="Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations">DG ECHO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NGOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Against_Hunger" title="Action Against Hunger">Action Against Hunger</a> (France, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Development_and_Relief_Agency" title="Adventist Development and Relief Agency">ADRA</a> (Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARE_International" title="CARE International">CARE International</a> (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Europa" title="Caritas Europa">Caritas Europa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caritas_Austria" title="Caritas Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caritas_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caritas Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Czech_Republic" title="Caritas Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Denmark" title="Caritas Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secours_catholique" title="Secours catholique">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Germany" title="Caritas Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3caire" title="Trócaire">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Luxembourg" title="Caritas Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordaid" title="Cordaid">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Spain" title="Caritas Spain">Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">ICRC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_Red_Cross" title="Austrian Red Cross">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Red_Cross" title="Belgian Red Cross">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Red_Cross" title="Danish Red Cross">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Red_Cross" title="Finnish Red Cross">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Red_Cross" title="French Red Cross">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Red_Cross" title="German Red Cross">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Red_Cross" title="Luxembourg Red Cross">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Red_Cross" title="Italian Red Cross">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Red_Cross" title="Netherlands Red Cross">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Red_Cross" title="Norwegian Red Cross">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Red_Cross" title="Spanish Red Cross">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Red_Cross" title="Swedish Red Cross">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a> (Germany, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> (Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_International" title="Plan International">Plan International</a> (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9s_international" title="Solidarités international">Solidarités international</a> (France, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages" title="SOS Children's Villages">SOS Children's Villages</a> (Austria, Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_des_hommes" title="Terre des hommes">Terre des hommes</a> (Italy, Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision" class="mw-redirect" title="World Vision">World Vision</a> (Austria, Finland, Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinarians_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinarians Without Borders (page does not exist)">VSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_in_Need" title="People in Need">PIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Committee_for_Aid_to_Afghan_Refugees" title="Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees">DACAAR</a> · <a href="/wiki/DanChurchAid" title="DanChurchAid">DanChurchAid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dansk_Folkehj%C3%A6lp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dansk Folkehjælp (page does not exist)">DPA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">DRC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Refugee_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Refugee Council (page does not exist)">Estonian Refugee Council</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=MT%C3%9C_Mondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTÜ Mondo (page does not exist)">MTÜ Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_International" title="Fida International">Fida International</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirkon_ulkomaanapu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirkon ulkomaanapu (page does not exist)">FinnChurchAid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Refugee_Council" title="Finnish Refugee Council">FRC</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mannerheim_League_for_Child_Welfare" title="Mannerheim League for Child Welfare">Mannerheim League for Child Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Technical_Cooperation_and_Development" title="Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development">ACTED</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_alliance_for_international_medical_action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The alliance for international medical action (page does not exist)">ALIMA</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agronomes_et_v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaires_sans_fronti%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agronomes et vétérinaires sans frontières (page does not exist)">AVSF</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Bioforce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Bioforce (page does not exist)">Institut Bioforce</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Cha%C3%AEne_de_l%27espoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Chaîne de l'espoir (page does not exist)">CDE</a> · <a href="/wiki/Humanity_%26_Inclusion" title="Humanity & Inclusion">Federation Handicap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_et_d%27Echanges_Technologiques" title="Groupe de Recherches et d'Echanges Technologiques">GRET</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=IMMAP_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMMAP France (page does not exist)">iMMAP</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92uvre_d%27Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Œuvre d'Orient (page does not exist)">Œuvre d'Orient</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premi%C3%A8re_Urgence_Internationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Première Urgence Internationale (page does not exist)">PUI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relief_International" title="Relief International">Relief International</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secours_islamique_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secours islamique France (page does not exist)">Secours Islamique</a> · <a href="/wiki/Secours_populaire_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Secours populaire français">SPF</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangle_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration_humanitaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangle Génération humanitaire (page does not exist)">Triangle</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9coms_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Télécoms Sans Frontières">TSF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arche_noVa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arche noVa (page does not exist)">arche noVa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund_Deutschland" title="Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Deutschland">ASB</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakonie_Deutschland" title="Diakonie Deutschland">Diakonie Deutschland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe" title="Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe">Die Johanniter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Welthungerhilfe" title="Welthungerhilfe">GAC</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help_%E2%80%93_Hilfe_zur_Selbsthilfe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help – Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe (page does not exist)">HELP</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malteser_Hilfsdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malteser Hilfsdienst (page does not exist)">Malteser Hilfsdienst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medair" title="Medair">Medair</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medico_International" title="Medico International">MI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_of_Hope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sign of Hope (page does not exist)">Sign of Hope</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinarians_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinarians Without Borders (page does not exist)">VSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concern_Worldwide" title="Concern Worldwide">Concern Worldwide</a> · <a href="/wiki/GOAL_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="GOAL (organization)">GOAL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Self_Help_Africa" title="Self Help Africa">SHA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3caire" title="Trócaire">Trócaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActionAid" title="ActionAid">ActionAid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associazione_Italiana_per_la_Solidariet%C3%A0_tra_i_Popoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associazione Italiana per la Solidarietà tra i Popoli (page does not exist)">AISPO</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVSI (page does not exist)">AVSI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cesvi" title="Cesvi">Cesvi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitato_Internazionale_per_lo_Sviluppo_dei_Popoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (page does not exist)">CISP</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooperazione_Internazionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooperazione Internazionale (page does not exist)">COOPI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondazione_Opera_San_Francesco_Saverio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondazione Opera San Francesco Saverio (page does not exist)">CUAMM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emergency_(organization)" title="Emergency (organization)">Emergency</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondazione_L%27Albero_della_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondazione L'Albero della Vita (page does not exist)">FADV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intersos" title="Intersos">INTERSOS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servizio_Dei_Gesuiti_per_l_Rifugiati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servizio Dei Gesuiti per l Rifugiati (page does not exist)">JRS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=LVIA-Associazione_Internazionale_Volontari_Laici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LVIA-Associazione Internazionale Volontari Laici (page does not exist)">LVIA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Un_Ponte_Per" title="Un Ponte Per">Un Ponte Per</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volontariato_Internazionale_per_lo_Sviluppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volontariato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo (page does not exist)">VIS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=WeWorld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WeWorld (page does not exist)">WeWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordaid" title="Cordaid">Cordaid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorcas_Aid_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorcas Aid International (page does not exist)">DAI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthNet_TPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthNet TPO (page does not exist)">HNTPO</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_NGO_Safety_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International NGO Safety Organisation (page does not exist)">INSO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_een_Kind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red een Kind (page does not exist)">REK</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stichting_Vluchteling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stichting Vluchteling (page does not exist)">Stichting Vluchteling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tearfund" title="Tearfund">Tearfund Netherlands</a> · <a href="/wiki/War_Child_(charity)" title="War Child (charity)">War Child Netherlands</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZOA_(organization)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZOA (organization) (page does not exist)">ZOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Church_Aid" title="Norwegian Church Aid">NCA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_People%27s_Aid" title="Norwegian People's Aid">NPA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">NRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Humanitarian_Action" title="Polish Humanitarian Action">PAH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aga_Khan_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundação Aga Khan Portugal (page does not exist)">AKF PRT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asamblea_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_por_la_Paz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asamblea de Cooperación por la Paz (page does not exist)">ACPP</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayuda_en_Acci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayuda en Acción (page does not exist)">Ayuda en Acción</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Educaci%C3%B3n_y_Cooperaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Educación y Cooperación (page does not exist)">EDUCO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Entreculturas" title="Entreculturas">Entreculturas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmac%C3%A9uticos_Mundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmacéuticos Mundi (page does not exist)">Farmacéuticos Mundi</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medicus_Mundi_International" title="Medicus Mundi International">Medicus Mundi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movimiento_Por_La_Paz,_el_Desarme_y_la_Libertad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movimiento Por La Paz, el Desarme y la Libertad (page does not exist)">MPDL</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Mundubat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Mundubat (page does not exist)">Mundubat</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidaridad_Internacional_Andalucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solidaridad Internacional Andalucia (page does not exist)">SIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">COS</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakonia">Diakonia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4karmissionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Läkarmissionen (page does not exist)">Läkarmissionen</a> · <a href="/wiki/PMU_Interlife" class="mw-redirect" title="PMU Interlife">PMU Interlife</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=SWEDO_-_The_Swedish_Development_Aid_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWEDO - The Swedish Development Aid Organization (page does not exist)">SWEDO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">IFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">OCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_UN_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">PAHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNDP_Multi_Partner_Trust_Fund_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNDP Multi Partner Trust Fund Office (page does not exist)">UNDP MPTFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disaster_Risk_Reduction" title="United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction">UNDRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">UNESCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mine_Action_Service" title="United Nations Mine Action Service">UNMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Coordinator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the United Nations Security Coordinator (page does not exist)">UNSECOORD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_International_Development_Cooperation" title="Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation">AECID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Civil_Protection_and_Emergencies" title="Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies">DGPCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Danish Emergency Management Agency">DEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_civile_et_de_la_gestion_de_crise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction générale de la sécurité civile et de la gestion de crise (page does not exist)">DGSCGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Protezione Civile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enabel_-_Belgian_development_agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enabel - Belgian development agency (page does not exist)">Enabel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agence_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27expertise_Technique_international&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agence Française d'expertise Technique international (page does not exist)">Expertise France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Internationale_Zusammenarbeit" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit">GIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Secretariat_for_Civil_Protection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Secretariat for Civil Protection (page does not exist)">GSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungary_Helps_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungary Helps Agency (page does not exist)">Hungary Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITF_Enhancing_Human_Security" title="ITF Enhancing Human Security">ITF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Civil_Contingencies_Agency" title="Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency">MSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technisches_Hilfswerk" title="Technisches Hilfswerk">THW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Occupational_safety_and_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template talk:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Occupational_safety_and_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">Occupational diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">injuries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrodynia" title="Acrodynia">Acrodynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestosis" title="Asbestosis">Asbestosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_asthma" title="Occupational asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berylliosis" title="Berylliosis">Berylliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssinosis" title="Byssinosis">Byssinosis ("brown lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_cardiovascular_disease" title="Occupational cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalicosis" title="Chalicosis">Chalicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy" title="Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy">Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">Chronic stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_sweeps%27_carcinoma" title="Chimney sweeps' carcinoma">Chimney sweeps' carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalworker%27s_pneumoconiosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalworker's pneumoconiosis">Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_sport" title="Concussions in sport">Concussions in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">De Quervain syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erethism" title="Erethism">Erethism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazards_associated_with_exposure_to_human_nail_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational hazards associated with exposure to human nail dust">Exposure to human nail dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_lung" title="Farmer's lung">Farmer's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler%27s_neck" title="Fiddler's neck">Fiddler's neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_worker%27s_lung" title="Flock worker's lung">Flock worker's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblower%27s_cataract" title="Glassblower's cataract">Glassblower's cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfer%27s_elbow" title="Golfer's elbow">Golfer's elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">Hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection" title="Hospital-acquired infection">Hospital-acquired infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_lung" title="Indium lung">Indium lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal_allergy" title="Laboratory animal allergy">Laboratory animal allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning#Occupational_exposure" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">Low back pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fume_fever" title="Metal fume fever">Metal fume fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_spinners%27_cancer" title="Mule spinners' cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss" title="Noise-induced hearing loss">Noise-induced hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phossy_jaw" title="Phossy jaw">Phossy jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">Pneumoconiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radium_jaw" title="Radium jaw">Radium jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">Repetitive strain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">Silicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silo-filler%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Silo-filler's disease">Silo-filler's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_injury" title="Sports injury">Sports injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_elbow" title="Tennis elbow">Tennis elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_cramp" title="Writer's cramp">Writer's cramp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Occupational hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazard" title="Occupational hazard">Occupational hazard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_hazard" title="Chemical hazard">Chemical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_hazard" title="Physical hazard">Physical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard" title="Psychosocial hazard">Psychosocial hazard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_assessment" title="Exposure assessment">Exposure assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_exposure_limit" title="Occupational exposure limit">Occupational exposure limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_epidemiology" title="Occupational epidemiology">Occupational epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_surveillance" title="Workplace health surveillance">Workplace health surveillance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">Environmental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_nursing" title="Occupational health nursing">Occupational health nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapist" title="Occupational therapist">Occupational therapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_occupational_safety_and_health_agencies" title="List of occupational safety and health agencies">Agencies</a> and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Agency_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="European Agency for Safety and Health at Work">European Agency for Safety and Health at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Occupational_Health_and_Safety" title="Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety">Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_nazionale_per_l%27assicurazione_contro_gli_infortuni_sul_lavoro" title="Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro">Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="National Institute for Safety and Health at Work">National Institute for Safety and Health at Work</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh" title="Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh">Bangladesh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">ISO 45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Convention,_1981" title="Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981">Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_Protection_Standard" title="Worker Protection Standard">Worker Protection Standard</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Environment_(Air_Pollution,_Noise_and_Vibration)_Convention,_1977" title="Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977">Working Environment Convention, 1977</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_procedure" title="Emergency procedure">Emergency procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">Emergency evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_elimination" title="Hazard elimination">Hazard elimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_controls" title="Administrative controls">Administrative controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_controls" title="Engineering controls">Engineering controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_substitution" title="Hazard substitution">Hazard substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockout-tagout" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockout-tagout">Lockout-tagout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy (engineering)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_culture" title="Safety culture">Safety culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health" title="Immediately dangerous to life or health">Immediately dangerous to life or health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)">Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potty_parity" title="Potty parity">Potty parity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potty_parity_in_the_United_States" title="Potty parity in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit_in_the_United_States" title="Right to sit in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_room" title="Break room">Break room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_overtime" title="Effects of overtime">Effects of overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment,_health_and_safety" title="Environment, health and safety">Environment, health and safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_toxicology" title="Environmental toxicology">Environmental toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program" title="Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program">Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster" title="Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostile_work_environment" title="Hostile work environment">Hostile work environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(Canadian_observance)" title="National Day of Mourning (Canadian observance)">National Day of Mourning (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwork" title="Overwork">Overwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_safety" title="Process safety">Process safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_working_life" title="Quality of working life">Quality of working life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)" title="Source control (respiratory disease)">Source control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_tort" title="Toxic tort">Toxic tort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">Workers' compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_promotion" title="Workplace health promotion">Workplace health promotion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Category:Occupational safety and health">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_diseases" title="Category:Occupational diseases">Occupational diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health_journals" title="Category:Occupational safety and health journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health_organizations" title="Category:Occupational safety and health organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Occupational safety and health">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amina_J._Mohammed" title="Amina J. Mohammed">Amina J. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Francis_(diplomat)" title="Dennis Francis (diplomat)"> Dennis Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">selections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">Statute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_elections" title="United Nations Security Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">Veto power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes, and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Trade_and_Development" title="UN Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)">Ex Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_health" title="Template:Public health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_health" title="Template talk:Public health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auxology" title="Auxology">Auxology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Medical Officer">Chief Medical Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_competence_in_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural competence in health care">Cultural competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)" title="Deviance (sociology)">Deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">Environmental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">History of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_eugenics" title="New eugenics">Liberal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_genomics" title="Public health genomics">Genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_disease" title="Globalization and disease">Globalization and disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">Harm reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Health economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_literacy" title="Health literacy">Health literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Health system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_reform" title="Health care reform">Health care reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_First" title="Housing First">Housing First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_depression" title="Management of depression">Management of depression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_law" title="Public health law">Public health law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_public_health_institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="National public health institutes">National public health institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_politics" title="Health politics">Health politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">Maternal health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_anthropology" title="Medical anthropology">Medical anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_sociology" title="Medical sociology">Medical sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">Mental health</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Mental_Health" title="Minister of Mental Health">Ministers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_policy" title="Pharmaceutical policy">Pharmaceutical policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil pollution">Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">Light</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners%27_rights" title="Prisoners' rights">Prisoners' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_intervention" title="Public health intervention">Public health intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_laboratory" title="Public health laboratory">Public health laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_food" title="Right to food">Right to food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_health" title="Right to health">Right to health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_rest_and_leisure" title="Right to rest and leisure">Right to rest and leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_of_person" title="Security of person">Security of person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Sexual and reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_health_and_illness" title="Sociology of health and illness">Sociology of health and illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_changing_rooms" title="Unisex changing rooms">Unisex changing rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilets" class="mw-redirect" title="Unisex public toilets">Unisex public toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavior_change_(public_health)" title="Behavior change (public health)">Behavior change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_change_theories" title="Behavioural change theories">Theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">Health promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nutrition" title="Human nutrition">Human nutrition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_diet" title="Healthy diet">Healthy diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_nutrition" title="Preventive nutrition">Preventive nutrition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">Hygiene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">Hand washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infection_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Infection control">Infection control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_hygiene" title="Oral hygiene">Oral hygiene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Controlled Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injury_prevention" title="Injury prevention">Injury prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_nursing" title="Occupational health nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_safety" title="Patient safety">Patient safety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patient_safety_organization" title="Patient safety organization">Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacovigilance" title="Pharmacovigilance">Pharmacovigilance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_sanitation" title="Emergency sanitation">Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route" title="Fecal–oral route">Fecal–oral transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">Sanitary sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterborne_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterborne diseases">Waterborne diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_worker" title="Sanitation worker">Worker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_hygiene" title="School hygiene">School hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_cessation" title="Smoking cessation">Smoking cessation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_control" title="Vector control">Vector control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Population_health" title="Population health">Population health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistics" title="Biostatistics">Biostatistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_mortality" title="Child mortality">Child mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_health" title="Community health">Community health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">Global health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_impact_assessment" title="Health impact assessment">Health impact assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Health system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Open-source healthcare software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimorbidity" title="Multimorbidity">Multimorbidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_informatics" title="Public health informatics">Public health informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_determinants_of_health" title="Commercial determinants of health">Commercial determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_equity" title="Health equity">Health equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health" title="Race and health">Race and health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_medicine" title="Social medicine">Social medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological and epidemiological statistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case%E2%80%93control_study" title="Case–control study">Case–control study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">Randomized controlled trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_risk" title="Relative risk">Relative risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical hypothesis testing">Statistical hypothesis testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_variance" title="Analysis of variance">Analysis of variance (ANOVA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROC_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="ROC curve">ROC curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student%27s_t-test" title="Student's t-test">Student's t-test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-test" title="Z-test">Z-test</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statistical_packages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statistical packages">Statistical software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infectious and epidemic disease prevention</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier" title="Asymptomatic carrier">Asymptomatic carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">Epidemics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics" title="List of epidemics and pandemics">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notifiable_disease" title="Notifiable disease">Notifiable diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notifiable_diseases" title="List of notifiable diseases">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_surveillance" title="Public health surveillance">Public health surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disease_surveillance" title="Disease surveillance">Disease surveillance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">Quarantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_disease" title="Tropical disease">Tropical disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_trial" title="Vaccine trial">Vaccine trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">WASH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food hygiene and safety management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Food <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">Additive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_chemistry" title="Food chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_engineering" title="Food engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_microbiology" title="Food microbiology">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_safety_scandals" title="Category:Food safety scandals">Safety scandals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_agricultural_practice" title="Good agricultural practice">Good agricultural practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_manufacturing_practice" title="Good manufacturing practice">Good manufacturing practice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HACCP" class="mw-redirect" title="HACCP">HACCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">ISO 22000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health behavioral sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations" title="Diffusion of innovations">Diffusion of innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_belief_model" title="Health belief model">Health belief model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_communication" title="Health communication">Health communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_psychology" title="Health psychology">Health psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deviance" title="Positive deviance">Positive deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRECEDE%E2%80%93PROCEED_model" title="PRECEDE–PROCEED model">PRECEDE–PROCEED model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cognitive_theory" title="Social cognitive theory">Social cognitive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norms_approach" title="Social norms approach">Social norms approach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_planned_behavior" title="Theory of planned behavior">Theory of planned behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheoretical_model" title="Transtheoretical model">Transtheoretical model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations, education and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Caribbean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Public_Health_Agency" title="Caribbean Public Health Agency">Caribbean Public Health Agency</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_the_Environment,_Public_Health_and_Food_Safety" title="European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety">Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_Canada" title="Health Canada">Health Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Canada" title="Public Health Agency of Canada">Public Health Agency</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_departments_in_the_United_States" title="Health departments in the United States">Health departments in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Education_for_Public_Health" title="Council on Education for Public Health">Council on Education for Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">Public Health Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World Health Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Toilet_Organization" title="World Toilet Organization">World Toilet Organization</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_national_public_health_agencies" title="List of national public health agencies">Full list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_education" title="Health education">Health education</a></li> <li>Higher education <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Public_Health" title="Bachelor of Science in Public Health">Bachelor of Science in Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Public_Health" title="Doctor of Public Health">Doctor of Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degrees_of_public_health" title="Professional degrees of public health">Professional degrees of public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_of_public_health" title="Category:Schools of public health">Schools of public health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Josephine_Baker" title="Sara Josephine Baker">Sara Josephine Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jay_Crumbine" title="Samuel Jay Crumbine">Samuel Jay Crumbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers_Darnall" title="Carl Rogers Darnall">Carl Rogers Darnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Snow_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Snow (physician)">John Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Mallon" title="Mary Mallon">Typhoid Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radium_Girls" title="Radium Girls">Radium Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" title="Germ theory of disease">Germ theory of disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Public_health" title="Category:Public health">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_health" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Public health">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nursing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nursing">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Portillo" title="José López Portillo">José López Portillo</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Enrique_V._Iglesias" title="Enrique V. Iglesias">Enrique V. Iglesias</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Belisario_Betancur" title="Belisario Betancur">Belisario Betancur</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Javier Pérez de Cuéllar">Javier Pérez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">Frederik W. de Klerk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Soares" title="Mário Soares">Mário Soares</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guatemala">Government of Guatemala</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_National_Revolutionary_Unity" title="Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity">Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Emma_Bonino" title="Emma Bonino">Emma Bonino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olayinka_Koso-Thomas" title="Olayinka Koso-Thomas">Olayinka Koso-Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Boudiaf" title="Fatiha Boudiaf">Fatiha Boudiaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatana_Ishaq_Gailani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatana Ishaq Gailani (page does not exist)">Fatana Ishaq Gailani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somaly_Mam" title="Somaly Mam">Somaly Mam</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiaki_Mukai" title="Chiaki Mukai">Chiaki Mukai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Polyakov" title="Valeri Polyakov">Valeri Polyakov</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li>2002: The <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Committee_on_Antarctic_Research" title="Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research">Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li>2004: The European Union's <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhi%C3%A7a_Centre_of_Health_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhiça Centre of Health Research (page does not exist)">Manhiça Centre of Health Research</a> (Mozambique), <a href="/wiki/Ifakara_Health_Institute" title="Ifakara Health Institute">Ifakara Health Institute</a> (Tanzania), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaria_Research_and_Training_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaria Research and Training Centre (page does not exist)">Malaria Research and Training Centre</a> (Mali), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintampo_Health_Research_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintampo Health Research Centre (page does not exist)">Kintampo Health Research Centre</a> (Ghana)</li> <li>2009: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">World Health Organization</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Transplantation_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Transplantation Society (page does not exist)">The Transplantation Society</a> and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/National_Transplant_Organization" title="National Transplant Organization">National Transplant Organization</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Drayton" title="Bill Drayton">Bill Drayton</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a> for the Advancement of Science</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li> <li>2017: The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Society_of_America" title="Hispanic Society of America">Hispanic Society of America</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Amref_Health_Africa" title="Amref Health Africa">Amref Health Africa</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Sal_Khan" title="Sal Khan">Salman Khan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Camfed" title="Camfed">Camfed, Campaign for Female Education</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_MacArthur" title="Ellen MacArthur">Ellen MacArthur</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Drugs_for_Neglected_Diseases_Initiative" title="Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative">Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative</a> (DNDi)</li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture</a> (OEI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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[\"CITEREFColditz,_Graham_A.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnor_SR,_Gwyther_E2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorning1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDivision_of_Control_of_Tropical_Disease1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErickson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverington2020\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFExpert_Committee_on_Drug_Dependence\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFennerHendersonAritaJezek1988\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFlight2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaouetteHanslerAtwoodDewan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGladstone2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGostin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGostinHalabiKlock2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGostinKlockClarkDiop2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenspan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGrundy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuarascioFarge2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunn1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunnMasellis2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanrieder2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanrieder2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanrieder2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanriederKreuder-Sonnen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins-Dunn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoJarvis-SelingerLauscherCordeiro2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmanLavisBennett2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmanRøttingen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman_S.J.Rizvi_Z.2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman_S.J.Røttingen_J-A.2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolland2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward-Jones1974\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFHunt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImobersteg1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndependence_for_WHO\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaipragasZheng2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJulia_Crawford2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellandOnuah2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlockGostinFitchWetter2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnutson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKayCooke2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcPhillipsJacqueline2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNebehayMason2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrensteinPlotkin1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaterPater1976\"] = 1,\n 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