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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tujuan_dan_motif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tujuan_dan_motif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tujuan dan motif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tujuan_dan_motif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_penerokaan_pada_abad_ke-20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_penerokaan_pada_abad_ke-20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah penerokaan pada abad ke-20</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah_penerokaan_pada_abad_ke-20-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah penerokaan pada abad ke-20</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_penerokaan_pada_abad_ke-20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penerbangan_Pertama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penerbangan_Pertama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Penerbangan Pertama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penerbangan_Pertama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penjelajahan_angkasa_lepas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penjelajahan_angkasa_lepas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Penjelajahan angkasa lepas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penjelajahan_angkasa_lepas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pada_masa_hadapan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pada_masa_hadapan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pada masa hadapan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pada_masa_hadapan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penjelajahan angkasa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 74 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimteverkenning" title="Ruimteverkenning – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruimteverkenning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="استكشاف الفضاء – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استكشاف الفضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esploraci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Esploración espacial – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esploración espacial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmosun_t%C9%99dqiqi" title="Kosmosun tədqiqi – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmosun tədqiqi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اوزای آراشدیرمالاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوزای آراشدیرمالاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjelajahan_antariksa" title="Penjelajahan antariksa – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penjelajahan antariksa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মহাকাশ অনুসন্ধান – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাকাশ অনুসন্ধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-khong_th%C3%A0m-chh%C3%A2" title="Thài-khong thàm-chhâ – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-khong thàm-chhâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Даследаванне космасу – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даследаванне космасу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra%C5%BEivanje_svemira" title="Istraživanje svemira – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istraživanje svemira" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Изследване на Космоса – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изследване на Космоса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploraci%C3%B3_espacial" title="Exploració espacial – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exploració espacial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C5%AFzkum_vesm%C3%ADru" title="Průzkum vesmíru – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Průzkum vesmíru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumforskning" title="Rumforskning – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rumforskning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltraumforschung" title="Weltraumforschung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltraumforschung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Εξερεύνηση του διαστήματος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξερεύνηση του διαστήματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Space exploration" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploraci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Exploración espacial – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Exploración espacial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoesploro" title="Kosmoesploro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmoesploro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazioaren_esplorazioa" title="Espazioaren esplorazioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espazioaren esplorazioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="کاوش فضایی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاوش فضایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_spatiale" title="Exploration spatiale – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exploration spatiale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1staisc%C3%A9aladh" title="Spástaiscéaladh – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spástaiscéaladh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploraci%C3%B3n_espacial" title="Exploración espacial – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Exploración espacial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%A8" title="અવકાશ સંશોધન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અવકાશ સંશોધન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="우주 탐사 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주 탐사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="अंतरिक्ष अन्वेषण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरिक्ष अन्वेषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra%C5%BEivanje_svemira" title="Istraživanje svemira – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istraživanje svemira" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimk%C3%B6nnun" title="Geimkönnun – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geimkönnun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplorazione_spaziale" title="Esplorazione spaziale – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esplorazione spaziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="חקר החלל – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חקר החלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelana_akasa" title="Lelana akasa – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lelana akasa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratio_astrorum" title="Exploratio astrorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Exploratio astrorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmosa_izp%C4%93te" title="Kosmosa izpēte – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kosmosa izpēte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltraumfuerschung" title="Weltraumfuerschung – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Weltraumfuerschung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoso_tyrin%C4%97jimai" title="Kosmoso tyrinėjimai – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosmoso tyrinėjimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B0rkutat%C3%A1s" title="Űrkutatás – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Űrkutatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Истражување на вселената – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Истражување на вселената" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ബഹിരാകാശ പര്യവേഷണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹിരാകാശ പര്യവേഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splora%C3%A7on_spacial" title="Sploraçon spacial – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sploraçon spacial" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сансар судлал – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сансар судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E_%E1%80%85%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အာကာသ စူးစမ်းရှာဖွေခြင်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာကာသ စူးစမ်းရှာဖွေခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimteonderzoek" title="Ruimteonderzoek – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruimteonderzoek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="सर्ग अन्वेषण – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सर्ग अन्वेषण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA" title="宇宙開発 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙開発" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmosni_tadqiq_etish" title="Kosmosni tadqiq etish – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kosmosni tadqiq etish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C" title="ਪੁਲਾੜ ਖੋਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਲਾੜ ਖੋਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%AC" title="خلا دی کھوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلا دی کھوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ستورمزلي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ستورمزلي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spies_explorieshan" title="Spies explorieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spies explorieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksploracja_kosmosu" title="Eksploracja kosmosu – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eksploracja kosmosu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espacial" title="Exploração espacial – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exploração espacial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorarea_spa%C8%9Biului" title="Explorarea spațiului – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Explorarea spațiului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Освоение космоса – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Освоение космоса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="අභ්‍යවකාශ ගවේෂණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අභ්‍යවකාශ ගවේෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Space exploration" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="توێژینەوەی بۆشایی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توێژینەوەی بۆشایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra%C5%BEivanje_svemira" title="Istraživanje svemira – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Istraživanje svemira" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra%C5%BEivanje_svemira" title="Istraživanje svemira – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istraživanje svemira" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaruustoiminta" title="Avaruustoiminta – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avaruustoiminta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panggagalugad_sa_kalawakan" title="Panggagalugad sa kalawakan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panggagalugad sa kalawakan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விண்வெளிப் பயணம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்வெளிப் பயணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การสำรวจอวกาศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสำรวจอวกาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_kh%C3%B4ng_gian" title="Thám hiểm không gian – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thám hiểm không gian" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Кайҳоннавардӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кайҳоннавардӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay_ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1" title="Uzay araştırmaları – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzay araştırmaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" title="Дослідження космосу – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дослідження космосу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="خلانوردی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلانوردی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmaruumiuurmin%C3%B5" title="Ilmaruumiuurminõ – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ilmaruumiuurminõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamiling_ug_panginsayod_han_kamatuoran_ha_kalarakan" title="Pamiling ug panginsayod han kamatuoran ha kalarakan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pamiling ug panginsayod han kamatuoran ha kalarakan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aakimoo_jawwu_ji" title="Aakimoo jawwu ji – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Aakimoo jawwu ji" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="太空探索" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太空探索" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太空探索" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Apollo_4_Saturn_V,_s67-50531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Apollo_4_Saturn_V%2C_s67-50531.jpg/220px-Apollo_4_Saturn_V%2C_s67-50531.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Apollo_4_Saturn_V%2C_s67-50531.jpg/330px-Apollo_4_Saturn_V%2C_s67-50531.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Apollo_4_Saturn_V%2C_s67-50531.jpg/440px-Apollo_4_Saturn_V%2C_s67-50531.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2369" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Roket Saturn V, yang digunakan bagi misi pendaratan bulan angkasawan Amerika.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:PIA00128_Moon_(18_Image_Mosaic).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PIA00128_Moon_%2818_Image_Mosaic%29.jpg/220px-PIA00128_Moon_%2818_Image_Mosaic%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PIA00128_Moon_%2818_Image_Mosaic%29.jpg/330px-PIA00128_Moon_%2818_Image_Mosaic%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PIA00128_Moon_%2818_Image_Mosaic%29.jpg/440px-PIA00128_Moon_%2818_Image_Mosaic%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3211" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Bulan sebagai mana dilihat dalam imej diproses secara digital dari kapal angkasa terbang lalu.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Penjelajahan angkasa</b> difahamkan sebagai penerokaan dan penemuan berterusan mengenai struktur cakerawala di <a href="/wiki/Angkasa_lepas" title="Angkasa lepas">angkasa lepas</a> melalui kaedah perubahan dan perkembangan berterusan dalam <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_angkasa" title="Teknologi angkasa">teknologi angkasa</a>. Ketika kajian mengenai angkasa dilakukan sebahagian besarnya oleh pakar kaji bintang dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskop</a>, penjelajahan fizik angkasa lepas menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapal_angkasa_robotik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapal angkasa robotik (laman tidak wujud)">kuar robot</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penerbangan_angkasa_lepas_manusia" title="Penerbangan angkasa lepas manusia">penerbangan angkasa lepas</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Angkasawan" title="Angkasawan">angkasawan</a>. </p><p>Sungguhpun pencerapan objek di angkasa (<a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a>) telah mendahului catatan sejarah, pembangunan roket yang besar dan agak cekap pada awal kurun ke-20 yang lebih membenarkan penjelajahan angkasa secara fizikal menjadi nyata. Kewajaran yang biasa untuk meneroka ruang termasuk memajukan penyelidikan saintifik, menyatukan negara-negara berbeza fahaman, memastikan kelangsungan hidup masa depan umat manusia dan membangunkan kelebihan ketenteraan dan strategik terhadap negara-negara lain.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20150828_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20150828-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tujuan_dan_motif">Tujuan dan motif</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Tujuan dan motif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tujuan dan motif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penerokaan angkasa sering digunakan sebagai satu persaingan proksi untuk persaingan geopolitik seperti dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a> misalnya, di mana era awal penerokaan angkasa didorong oleh suatu "<a href="/wiki/Perlumbaan_Angkasa" title="Perlumbaan Angkasa">Perlumbaan Angkasa</a>" di antara <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a>; pelancaran objek buatan manusia pertama yang mengelilingi Bumi, USSR Sputnik 1, pada 4 Oktober 1957, dan pendaratan di Bulan yang pertama oleh kapal angkasa Amerika Apollo 11 pada 20 Julai 1969 sering diambil sebagai sempadan kepada tempoh awal ini. Program angkasa lepas Soviet mencapai banyak peristiwa penting yang pertama, termasuk manusia hidup yang pertama berada di orbit pada tahun 1957, penerbangan angkasa lepas manusia yang pertama (<a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> di atas kapal <a href="/wiki/Vostok_1" title="Vostok 1">Vostok 1</a>) pada tahun 1961, <a href="/wiki/Aktiviti_luar_kenderaan" title="Aktiviti luar kenderaan">jalan angkasa</a> yang pertama (oleh Aleksei Leonov) pada 18 Mac 1965, pendaratan automatik yang pertama di objek angkasa lain pada tahun 1966, dan pelancaran stesen angkasa pertama (Salyut 1) pada tahun 1971. </p><p>Selepas 20 tahun penerokaan pertama, tumpuan beralih daripada penerbangan sekali kepada perkakasan yang boleh diperbaharui, seperti program <a href="/wiki/Bolak-balik_angkasa_lepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolak-balik angkasa lepas">bolak-balik angkasa lepas</a> dan dari persaingan kepada kerjasama seperti dengan <a href="/wiki/Stesen_Angkasa_Antarabangsa" title="Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa">Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa</a>. </p><p>Penyiapan ketara ISS<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selepas <a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a> pada Mac 2011, rancangan penerokaan angkasa oleh Amerika Syarikat sentiasa dalam pertimbangan. Program Buruj [Constellation Program] yang dilangsung dalam pentadbiran George W. Bush untuk kembali ke Bulan pada tahun 2020<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dinilai mendapat dana mencukupi dan tidak realistik oleh pakar panel kajian yang melaporkan mengenai projek tersebut pada tahun 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentadbiran Barack Obama mencadangkan semakan Program Buruj pada tahun 2010 untuk memberi tumpuan kepada pembangunan keupayaan untuk misi angkasawan melampaui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_bumi_rendah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbit bumi rendah (laman tidak wujud)">orbit bumi rendah</a> (LEO), membayangkan melanjutkan operasi ISS selepas tahun 2020, memindahkan pembangunan kenderaan pelancaran untuk krew manusia dari NASA kepada sektor swasta, dan membangunkan teknologi bagi membolehkan misi melepasi LEO, seperti <a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a> L1, Bulan, Bumi / Matahari L2 , asteroid hampir bumi, dan mengorbit Phobos atau Marikh.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sehingga Mac 2011, Senat dan Kongres Amerika Syarikat masih lagi berusaha bertolak-ansur ke atas bil pembiayaan NASA yang mungkin akan menamatkan projek Buruj serta dana pembangunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenderaan_pelancaran_angkat_berat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenderaan pelancaran angkat berat (laman tidak wujud)">kenderaan pelancaran angkat berat</a> ("heavy lift launch vehicle - HLLV").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam 2000-an, Republik Rakyat China memulakan program penerbangan angkasa yang dipandu manusia berjaya, manakala Kesatuan Eropah, Jepun, dan India juga telah merancang misi angkasa yang dipandu manusia pada masa depan. <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> telah menganjurkan misi manusia ke Bulan pada abad ke-21, manakala Kesatuan Eropah telah menganjurkan misi manusia ke kedua-dua Bulan dan Marikh pada abad ke-21. </p><p>Dari tahun 1990-an dan seterusnya, kepentingan swasta mula mempromosikan pelancongan angkasa dan kemudian penerokaan angkasa swasta Bulan (lihat Hadiah X Bulan Google [Google Lunar X Prize]). Konsep yang dicadangkan berdasarkan pada teknologi yang sedia ada yang mempunyai potensi untuk merealisasikannya adalah pelancar angkasa bukan roket, Skyhooks, dan pelancaran gelung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_penerokaan_pada_abad_ke-20">Sejarah penerokaan pada abad ke-20</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah penerokaan pada abad ke-20" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah penerokaan pada abad ke-20"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg/220px-Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg/330px-Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg/440px-Bumper8_launch-GPN-2000-000613.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption>Pada bulan Julai 1950 <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTV-G-4_Bumper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTV-G-4 Bumper (laman tidak wujud)">roket Bumper</a> yang pertama dilancarkan dari Cape Canaveral, Florida. <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTV-G-4_Bumper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTV-G-4 Bumper (laman tidak wujud)">Bumper</a> adalah sebuah roket dua peringkat yang terdiri daripada <a href="/wiki/Roket_V-2" title="Roket V-2">V-2</a> Pasca Perang yang dipasang atasnya oleh roket <a href="/w/index.php?title=WAC_Corporal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WAC Corporal (laman tidak wujud)">WAC Corporal</a>. Ia boleh mencapai rekod ketinggian (pada waktu itu) hampir 400 km. Dilancarkan oleh General Electric Company, Bumper ini digunakan terutamanya untuk sistem ujian roket dan untuk penyelidikan atmosfera atas. Mereka membawa muatan kecil yang membolehkan mereka untuk mengukur sifat-sifat termasuk suhu udara dan kesan sinar kosmik.</figcaption></figure> <p>Langkah pertama meletakkan objek buatan manusia ke angkasa telah diambil oleh saintis Jerman semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> ketika menguji <a href="/wiki/Roket_V-2" title="Roket V-2">roket V-2</a>, yang menjadi objek buatan manusia pertama di angkasa pada 3 Oktober 1942 dengan pelancaran <a href="/wiki/Roket_V-2" title="Roket V-2">A-4</a>. Selepas perang, Amerika Syarikat menggunakan pakar sains Jerman dan roket yang ditawan mereka dalam program bagi kedua-dua tentera dan penyelidikan awam. Penerokaan saintifik pertama mengenai angkasa adalah eksperimen radiasi kosmik yang dilancarkan oleh Amerika Syarikat menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Roket_V-2" title="Roket V-2">roket V-2</a> pada 10 Mei 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-pv2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pv2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imej pertama yang diambil dari angkasa menuruti pada tahun yang sama <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-army_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>manakala eksperimen haiwan pertama melihat lalat buah diangkut ke angkasa lepas pada tahun 1947, kedua-duanya juga merupakan roket V-2 yang diubah suai dan dilancarkan oleh Amerika. Bermula pada tahun 1947, Soviet, juga dengan bantuan pasukan Jerman, melancarkan sub-orbit roket V-2 dan varian mereka sendiri, R-1 , termasuk uji kaji ke atas radiasi dan haiwan dalam beberapa penerbangan. Ujikaji suborbital hanya memberikan masa yang singkat di angkasa yang menghadkan kegunaannya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penerbangan_Pertama">Penerbangan Pertama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Penerbangan Pertama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penerbangan Pertama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sputnik_asm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sputnik_asm.jpg/220px-Sputnik_asm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sputnik_asm.jpg/330px-Sputnik_asm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sputnik_asm.jpg/440px-Sputnik_asm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a>, satelit buatan pertama mengorbit bumi pada 939 km (583 bt) hingga 215 km (134 bt) pada 1957, dan kemudiannya diikuti oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sputnik 2 (laman tidak wujud)">Sputnik 2</a>. (Gambar Replika). </figcaption></figure><p>Pelancaran orbit pertama adalah oleh <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Republik_Sosialis_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesatuan Republik Sosialis Soviet">Soviet</a> bagi misi <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1"><i>Sputnik 1</i> ("Satelit 1")</a> tanpa kendali pada 4 October 1957. Satelit seberat 83 kg (184 paun), dan dipercayai mengorbit Bumi pada ketinggian sekitar 250 km (160 bt). Ia memiliku dua pemancar radio (20 dan 40 MHz), yang memancarkan isyarat "beep" yang boleh didengari melalui radio seluruh bumi. Analisa mengenai isyarat radio digunakan bagi mengumpul maklumat mengenai ketumpatan elektron di ionosfera, sementara data suhu dan tekanan dikodkan dalam sepanjang beep radio. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa satelit tidak dibocori oleh <a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">meteoroid</a>. Sputnik 1 dilancarkan oleh roket <a href="/w/index.php?title=R-7_Semyorka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-7 Semyorka (laman tidak wujud)">R-7</a>. Ia terbakar ketika kembali masuk kebumi pada 3 Januari 1958.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg/220px-Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg/330px-Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg/440px-Moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="2355" /></a><figcaption>Angkasawan <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a> berdiri di sebelah bongkah batu di Taurus-Littrow. </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penjelajahan_angkasa_lepas">Penjelajahan angkasa lepas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Penjelajahan angkasa lepas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penjelajahan angkasa lepas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_space_exploration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep space exploration (laman tidak wujud)">Deep space exploration</a></div> <table class="box-Kembangkan_bahagian plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Bahagian ini memerlukan pengembangan</b>. <small>Anda boleh menolong dengan <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=">membaiki seksyen itu</a>.</small> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pada_masa_hadapan">Pada masa hadapan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Pada masa hadapan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pada masa hadapan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa rancangan penjelajahan angkasa akan dilaksanakan baik dari pihak pemerintah mahupun secara persendirian daripada syarikat swasta. Program-program sebegini bertujuan melancarkan pesawat angkasa serta mengkaji planet, asteroid dan jasad berkaitan yang berdekatan di angkasa lepas. Terdapa juga percubaan untuk memikirkan cara intuk memungkinkan penjelajahan angkasa jauh berpemandu manusia agar manusia dapat menjelajah jauh dari Bumi dengan selamat untuk suatu tempoh yang lama pada masa hadapan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjajahan_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjajahan angkasa (laman tidak wujud)">Penjajahan angkasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penerbangan_angkasa_antara_najam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penerbangan angkasa antara najam (laman tidak wujud)">Penerbangan angkasa antara najam</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa_jauh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjelajahan angkasa jauh (laman tidak wujud)">Penjelajahan angkasa jauh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesen_angkasa" title="Stesen angkasa">Stesen angkasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleskop_angkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleskop angkasa">Teleskop angkasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemasukan_semula_atmosfera" title="Kemasukan semula atmosfera">Kemasukan semula atmosfera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembangunan_tenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembangunan tenaga (laman tidak wujud)">Pembangunan tenaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bencana_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bencana angkasa (laman tidak wujud)">Bencana angkasa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20150828-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20150828_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoston2015" class="citation news cs1">Roston, Michael (28 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/08/25/science/space/nasa-next-mission.html">"NASA's Next Horizon in Space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NASA%E2%80%99s+Next+Horizon+in+Space&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Roston&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2015%2F08%2F25%2Fscience%2Fspace%2Fnasa-next-mission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/11078-space-station-complete.html">"After 13 Years, International Space Station Has All Its NASA Rooms"</a> Denise Chow, SPACE.com, 9 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2006" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, John F. (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/163092main_constellation_program_overview.pdf">"Constellation Program Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Constellation Program Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710060512/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/163092main_constellation_program_overview.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> daripada yang asal pada 2007-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constellation+Program+Overview&rft.pub=Constellation+Program+Office&rft.date=2006-10&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpdf%2F163092main_constellation_program_overview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html">"No to NASA: Augustine Commission Wants to More Boldly Go"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513130114/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2013-05-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Science</i>, Andrew Lawler, 22 October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/obamaspeechfeature_prt.htm">[1]</a> Address at KSC 15 April 2010. "President Outlines Exploration Goals, Promise"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacenews.com/policy/110307-senate-bill-provide-orion-heavy-lifter.html">"Senate Bill Would Provide 3 Billion for Orion Heavy Lifter"</a>. SpaceNews.com. 7 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senate+Bill+Would+Provide+3+Billion+for+Orion+Heavy+Lifter&rft.pub=SpaceNews.com&rft.date=2011-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacenews.com%2Fpolicy%2F110307-senate-bill-provide-orion-heavy-lifter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title=" Pautan mati ditandakan pada Oktober 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pv2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pv2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postwarv2.com/usa/ws/uars/uars03.html">"Upper Air Rocket Summary V-2 NO. 3"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Upper+Air+Rocket+Summary+V-2+NO.+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postwarv2.com%2Fusa%2Fws%2Fuars%2Fuars03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145846/http://media.airspacemag.com/images/1stPhotoFromSpace.jpg">"salinan arkib"</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.airspacemag.com/images/1stPhotoFromSpace.jpg">yang asal</a> pada 2014-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2014-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=salinan+arkib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.airspacemag.com%2Fimages%2F1stPhotoFromSpace.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-army-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-army_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsmr.army.mil/PAO/WSHist/Pages/ChronologyCowboystoV2stotheSpaceShuttletolasers.aspx">"Chronology: Cowboys to V-2s to the Space Shuttle to lasers"</a>. wsmr.army.mil<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology%3A+Cowboys+to+V-2s+to+the+Space+Shuttle+to+lasers&rft.pub=wsmr.army.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsmr.army.mil%2FPAO%2FWSHist%2FPages%2FChronologyCowboystoV2stotheSpaceShuttletolasers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Launius, R.D dll. "Spaceflight: The Development of Science, Surveillance, and Commerce in Space". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_IEEE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceedings of the IEEE (laman tidak wujud)">Proceedings of the IEEE</a></i>. <b>100</b> (special centennial issue): 1785–1818. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FJPROC.2012.2187143">10.1109/JPROC.2012.2187143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+IEEE&rft.atitle=Spaceflight%3A+The+Development+of+Science%2C+Surveillance%2C+and+Commerce+in+Space&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=special+centennial+issue&rft.pages=1785-1818&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FJPROC.2012.2187143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APenjelajahan+angkasa" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|authors=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_uses_authors_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter">link</a>)</span> An overview of the history of space exploration and predictions for the future.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: <i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/wq/ms/Penjelajahan_angkasa" class="extiw" title="incubator:wq/ms/Penjelajahan angkasa">Penjelajahan angkasa</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_exploration?uselang=ms">Penjelajahan angkasa</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacechronology.com">Chronology of space exploration, astrobiology, exoplanets and news</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com">Space related news</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sen.com">Space Exploration Network</a> - Space Exploration Network</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflight.nasa.gov">Nasa's website on human space travel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/101space/101space.htm"><i>"America's Space Program: Exploring a New Frontier"</i>, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacephotos.ru/">The Soviet-Russian Spaceflight's History Photoarchive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/30222/the-21-greatest-space-photos-ever">The 21 Greatest Space Photos Ever</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101227233620/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/30222/the-21-greatest-space-photos-ever">Diarkibkan</a> 2010-12-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – slideshow by <i>Life Magazine</i></li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sintro.htm">From Stargazers to Starships</a></i>", Home page of extensive educational web site and course covering spaceflight, astronomy and related physics, by David P. Stern</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=134209771">We Are The Explorers</a>, NASA Promotional Video</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&oldid=5331894">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_angkasa&oldid=5331894</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_untuk_dikembangkan_dari_January_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana untuk dikembangkan dari January 2014 (laman tidak wujud)">Rencana untuk dikembangkan dari January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Penerbangan_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Penerbangan angkasa (laman tidak wujud)">Penerbangan angkasa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ruang_angkasa" title="Kategori:Ruang angkasa">Ruang angkasa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Penjelajahan_angkasa_lepas" title="Kategori:Penjelajahan angkasa lepas">Penjelajahan angkasa lepas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati" title="Kategori:Semua rencana dengan pautan luar mati">Semua rencana dengan pautan luar mati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_dari_Oktober_2021" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari Oktober 2021">Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari Oktober 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_kekal" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati kekal">Rencana dengan pautan luar mati kekal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_templat_hatnote_yang_menyasarkan_halaman_yang_tidak_wujud" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan templat hatnote yang menyasarkan halaman yang tidak wujud">Rencana dengan templat hatnote yang menyasarkan halaman yang tidak wujud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_parameter_tarikh_tidak_sah_dalam_templat" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat">Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_untuk_dikembangkan" title="Kategori:Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan">Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_menggunakan_kotak_pesanan_kecil" title="Kategori:Rencana yang menggunakan kotak pesanan kecil">Rencana yang menggunakan kotak pesanan kecil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_explicit_use_of_et_al." title="Kategori:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.">CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_uses_authors_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter">CS1 maint: uses authors parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 11:26, 5 Oktober 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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