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</li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Seligman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 32 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مارتن سيليغمان — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارتن سيليغمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%85%D9%86" title="مارتین سلیقمن — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارتین سلیقمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%86" title="مارتین سلیگمن — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارتین سلیگمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="מרטין סליגמן — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרטין סליגמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մարտին Սելիգման — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարտին Սելիգման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_E._P._Seligman" title="Martin E. P. Seligman — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martin E. P. Seligman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="マーティン・セリグマン — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーティン・セリグマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4_%EC%85%80%EB%A6%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%A8%BC" title="마틴 셀리그먼 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마틴 셀리그먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="മാർട്ടിൻ സെലിഗ്മാൻ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാർട്ടിൻ സെലിഗ്മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Селигман, Мартин — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Селигман, Мартин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мартін Селігман — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мартін Селігман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Martin Seligman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B5%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC" title="马丁·赛里格曼 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马丁·赛里格曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320927#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Martin_Seligman" 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livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Martin Seligman</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_(1)cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Martin Seligman"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_%281%29cropped.jpg/200px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_%281%29cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_%281%29cropped.jpg/300px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_%281%29cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_%281%29cropped.jpg/400px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Comprehensive_Soldiers_Fitness_%281%29cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Martin Seligman</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">12 de agosto de 1942 (<span style="white-space:nowrap">82 anos</span>)<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Albany_(Nova_Iorque)" title="Albany (Nova Iorque)">Albany</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Princeton" title="Universidade de Princeton">Universidade de Princeton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Pensilv%C3%A2nia" title="Universidade da Pensilvânia">Universidade da Pensilvânia</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Psic%C3%B3logo" title="Psicólogo">psicólogo</a>, jogador de bridge, <a href="/wiki/Escritor" title="Escritor">escritor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor_universit%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor universitário">professor universitário</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; overflow:auto;" data-expandtext="Mostrar" data-collapsetext="Ocultar"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Guggenheim" title="Bolsa Guggenheim">Bolsa Guggenheim</a></li><li>Joseph Zubin Award (1997)</li><li>Prêmio William James (1991)</li><li>Prêmio APA por Destacadas Contribuições Científicas para a Psicologia (2006)</li><li>Doctor honoris causa pela Universidade Complutense de Madri (2004)</li><li>Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists</li><li>Fellow of the AAAS</li><li>James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award (1995)</li><li>APA Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (2017)</li><li>APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology (1976)</li><li>Arthur W. Staats Lecture for Unifying Psychology (2000)</li></ul></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Pensilv%C3%A2nia" title="Universidade da Pensilvânia">Universidade da Pensilvânia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Assinatura </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assinatura de Martin Seligman"><img alt="Assinatura de Martin Seligman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg/128px-Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg/192px-Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg/256px-Signature_of_Martin_Seligman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320927" class="extiw" title="d:Q320927">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Martin Seligman</b> (<a href="/wiki/12_de_agosto" title="12 de agosto">12 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>) é <a href="/wiki/Psic%C3%B3logo" title="Psicólogo">psicólogo</a> estadunidense. Professor da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Pensilv%C3%A2nia" title="Universidade da Pensilvânia">Universidade da Pensilvânia</a>, Psicólogo, Ex-Presidente da <a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_de_Psicologia" title="Associação Americana de Psicologia">Associação Americana de Psicologia</a>. Autor de contribuição significativa na área de <a href="/wiki/Psicologia_positiva" title="Psicologia positiva">Psicologia positiva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psicologia_positiva">Psicologia positiva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Psicologia positiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Psicologia positiva"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seligman desenvolveu, com Christopher Peterson, a contraparte 'positiva' do <i>Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatística das Desordens Mentais (DSM). </i>Em lugar de focar no que deu errado, <i>Pontos fortes e Virtudes do Caráter </i>olha para o que deu certo. Pesquisando entre várias culturas através dos milênios, extraíram uma lista de virtudes que têm sido altamente valorizadas desde a China e Índia antigas, em Grécia e Roma, e até as culturas ocidentais modernas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Sua lista inclui seis <a href="/wiki/Virtude" title="Virtude">virtudes</a> do caráter: <i><a href="/wiki/Sabedoria" title="Sabedoria">sabedoria</a>/conhecimento, <a href="/wiki/Coragem" title="Coragem">coragem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanidade">humanidade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justi%C3%A7a" title="Justiça">justiça</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperan%C3%A7a" title="Temperança">temperança</a> e <a href="/wiki/Transcend%C3%AAncia_(filosofia)" title="Transcendência (filosofia)">transcendência</a>. </i>Cada uma delas tem de três a cinco subdivisões; por exemplo, <i>temperança </i>inclui<i> perdão, humildade, prudência </i>e<i> autorregulação</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><i>. </i>Não há, para os autores, uma hierarquia para as seis virtudes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Críticas"><span id="Cr.C3.ADticas"></span>Críticas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Críticas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Críticas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os experimentos e a teoria do "<a href="/wiki/Desamparo_aprendido" title="Desamparo aprendido">Desamparo aprendido</a>", que notabilizaram o psicólogo<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup>, foram amplamente criticados por sofrimento excessivo infligido a animais, especificamente a aplicação de choques elétricos em cães, a intervalos aleatórios, até que o animal atinja um estado de total impotência, tornando-se incapaz de agir para escapar dos choques mesmo quando é dado a ele a oportunidade para tal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obras">Obras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Obras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obras"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>— (1975). <i>Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7167-0752-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7167-0752-3">978-0-7167-0752-3</a></li> <li>— (1991). <i>Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-671-01911-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-671-01911-2">978-0-671-01911-2</a></li> <li>— (1993). <i>What You Can Change and What You Can't: The Complete Guide to Successful Self-Improvement</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-679-41024-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-679-41024-9">978-0-679-41024-9</a></li> <li>— (1996). <i>The Optimistic Child: Proven Program to Safeguard Children from Depression & Build Lifelong Resilience</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-09-183119-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-09-183119-6">978-0-09-183119-6</a></li> <li>— (2002). <i>Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7432-2297-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7432-2297-6">978-0-7432-2297-6</a></li> <li>— (2004). <i>Character Strengths and Virtues</i> (com Christopher Peterson) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-19-516701-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-19-516701-6">978-0-19-516701-6</a></li> <li>— (2011). <i>Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-4391-9075-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-4391-9075-3">978-1-4391-9075-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artigo">Artigo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Artigo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Artigo"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>— (2004). "Can Happiness be Taught?" em <i>Daedalus</i></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703152134/http://www.ppc.sas.upenn.edu/aboutus.htm">«Our Mission»</a> (em inglês). Positive Psychology Center. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppc.sas.upenn.edu/aboutus.htm">original</a> em 3 de julho de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Seligman&rft.btitle=Our+Mission&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Positive+Psychology+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppc.sas.upenn.edu%2Faboutus.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Linley, P.A.; Maltby, J.; Wood, A.M.; Joseph, S.; Harrington, S.; Peterson, C.; Park, N.; Seligman, M.E.P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/alex.wood/VIA.pdf">«Character strengths in the United Kingdom: The VIA Inventory of strengths»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i> (em inglês). <b>43</b> (2): =341–351. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2006.12.004">10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.004</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de maio de 2009</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135237/http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/alex.wood/VIA.pdf">Cópia arquivada <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 17 de julho de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Seligman&rft.atitle=Character+strengths+in+the+United+Kingdom%3A+The+VIA+Inventory+of+strengths&rft.au=Harrington%2C+S.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+S.&rft.au=Maltby%2C+J.&rft.au=Park%2C+N.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+C.&rft.au=Seligman%2C+M.E.P.&rft.au=Wood%2C+A.M.&rft.aufirst=P.A.&rft.aulast=Linley&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.pages=%3D341-351&rft.volume=43&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonalpages.manchester.ac.uk%2Fstaff%2Falex.wood%2FVIA.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2006.12.004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135237/http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/alex.wood/VIA.pdf">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Character strengths in the United Kingdom: The VIA Inventory of strengths<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Personality and Individual Differences 43 (2): 341–351.</i> (em inglês). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2006.12.004">10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.004</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de setembro de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/alex.wood/VIA.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 17 de julho de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Seligman&rft.atitle=%22Character+strengths+in+the+United+Kingdom%3A+The+VIA+Inventory+of+strengths%22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences+43+%282%29%3A+341%93351.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonalpages.manchester.ac.uk%2Fstaff%2Falex.wood%2FVIA.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2006.12.004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Welch, Bryant (18 de março de 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bryant-welch/fort-hood-a-harbinger-of_b_356318.html">«Fort Hood: A Harbinger of Things to Come?»</a> (em inglês). Huffington Post</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Seligman&rft.aufirst=Bryant&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.btitle=Fort+Hood%3A+A+Harbinger+of+Things+to+Come%3F&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Huffington+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fbryant-welch%2Ffort-hood-a-harbinger-of_b_356318.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" title="Portal de 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