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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Claims_of_invention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_invention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Claims of invention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_invention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Louis_Lassen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louis_Lassen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Louis Lassen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louis_Lassen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charlie_Nagreen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charlie_Nagreen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Charlie Nagreen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charlie_Nagreen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Otto_Krause" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Otto_Krause"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Otto Krause</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Otto_Krause-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oscar_Weber_Bilby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oscar_Weber_Bilby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Oscar Weber Bilby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oscar_Weber_Bilby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frank_and_Charles_Menches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frank_and_Charles_Menches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Frank and Charles Menches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frank_and_Charles_Menches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fletcher_Davis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fletcher_Davis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Fletcher Davis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fletcher_Davis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_hamburger-steak_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_hamburger-steak_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Other hamburger-steak claims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_hamburger-steak_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_major_vendors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_major_vendors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early major vendors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_major_vendors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In the United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_meats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_meats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Other meats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_meats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veggie_burgers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veggie_burgers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Veggie burgers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veggie_burgers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steak_burgers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steak_burgers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Steak burgers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steak_burgers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_and_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_and_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>United States and Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_and_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_and_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>United Kingdom and Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_and_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Mongolia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia_and_Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia_and_Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>Yugoslavia and Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia_and_Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium_and_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium_and_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>Belgium and Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium_and_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unusual_hamburgers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unusual_hamburgers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Unusual hamburgers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unusual_hamburgers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Slang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamburger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 99 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81mburgere" title="Hāmburgere – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hāmburgere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="همبرغر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="همبرغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A8%D6%80_(Hamburger)" title="Հեմպըրկըր (Hamburger) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հեմպըրկըր (Hamburger)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-bist%C3%A8ca" title="Pan-bistèca – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pan-bistèca" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburguesa" title="Hamburguesa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hamburguesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="همبرگر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="همبرگر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="হ্যামবার্গার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যামবার্গার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гамбургер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гамбургер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хамбургер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хамбургер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrep%C3%A0_d%27hamburguesa" title="Entrepà d'hamburguesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Entrepà d'hamburguesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гамбургер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гамбургер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambyrgyr" title="Hambyrgyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hambyrgyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger" title="Burger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Burger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Χάμπεργκερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάμπεργκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburguesa" title="Hamburguesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hamburguesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgero" title="Hamburgero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hamburgero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanburger" title="Hanburger – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanburger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="همبرگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همبرگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amburgh%C3%AAs" title="Amburghês – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Amburghês" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburguesa" title="Hamburguesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hamburguesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-p%C3%B3" title="Hon-pó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-pó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%96%84%EB%B2%84%EA%B1%B0" title="햄버거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="햄버거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Համբուրգեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համբուրգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="हैमबर्गर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैमबर्गर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgero" title="Hamburgero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hamburgero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B2%E1%90%85_%E1%93%82%E1%95%BF_%E1%91%AD%E1%92%BB%E1%92%A5%E1%90%8A%E1%92%90%E1%96%85_%E1%95%BF%E1%96%82%E1%94%AD%E1%96%85" title="ᑲᐅ ᓂᕿ ᑭᒻᒥᐊᒐᖅ ᕿᖂᔭᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑲᐅ ᓂᕿ ᑭᒻᒥᐊᒐᖅ ᕿᖂᔭᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamborgari" title="Hamborgari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hamborgari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_(panino)" title="Hamburger (panino) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hamburger (panino)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8" title="המבורגר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המבורגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰამბურგერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰამბურგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гамбургер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гамбургер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamb%C3%BBrger" title="Hambûrger – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hambûrger" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ແຮມເບີເກີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຮມເບີເກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastillum_Hamburgense" title="Pastillum Hamburgense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pastillum Hamburgense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgers" title="Hamburgers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hamburgers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%97sainis" title="Mėsainis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mėsainis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хамбургер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хамбургер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger" title="Burger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Burger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ဟမ်ဘာဂါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟမ်ဘာဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburt%C4%93canacatl" title="Hamburtēcanacatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Hamburtēcanacatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="ह्यामबर्गर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ह्यामबर्गर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ハンバーガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンバーガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgar" title="Hamburgar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hamburgar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgaille" title="Bourgaille – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bourgaille" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹੈਮਬਰਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਮਬਰਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="برگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamb%C3%BArguer" title="Hambúrguer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hambúrguer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гамбургер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамбургер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgeri" title="Hamburgeri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hamburgeri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambeegar" title="Hambeegar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hambeegar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ھەمبەرگر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەمبەرگر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хамбургер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хамбургер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampurilainen" title="Hampurilainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hampurilainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgare" title="Hamburgare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hamburgare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பர்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பர்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Һамбургер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һамбургер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮมเบอร์เกอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%83%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ሃምበርገር – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሃምበርገር" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamburger" title="Gamburger – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gamburger" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гамбургер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гамбургер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ہیمبرگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیمبرگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%87%D8%B1%DA%AF_(%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%82)" title="ھامبۇرگ (تاماق) – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھامبۇرگ (تاماق)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamburger" title="Gamburger – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gamburger" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amburguer" title="Amburguer – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Amburguer" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1%E5%8C%85" title="漢堡包 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="漢堡包" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hamburger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1%E5%8C%85" title="汉堡包 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉堡包" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1%E5%8C%85" title="漢堡包 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="漢堡包" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1%E5%8C%85" title="漢堡包 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="漢堡包" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dish with patty between rounded buns</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the dish. For the meat served as part of such a dish, see <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Patty</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hamburger_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hamburger (disambiguation)">Hamburger (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/40px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hamburger" title="Special:EditPage/Hamburger">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Hamburger</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RedDot_Burger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A brown meat patty between slices of yellow American cheese, topped with sliced pickles and lettuce, sandwiched in a sesame seed bun"><img alt="A brown meat patty between slices of yellow American cheese, topped with sliced pickles and lettuce, sandwiched in a sesame seed bun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RedDot_Burger.jpg/250px-RedDot_Burger.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/RedDot_Burger.jpg/500px-RedDot_Burger.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A hamburger with bacon, lettuce, and slices of tomato, served with french fries and a beer</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Burger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data author">Multiple claims (<a href="#History">see text</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Hot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Hamburger" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Hamburger">Cookbook: Hamburger</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hamburgers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hamburgers">Media: Hamburger</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>hamburger</b>, or simply a <b>burger</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">dish</a> consisting of fillings—usually a <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">patty</a> of ground meat, typically <a href="/wiki/Ground_beef" title="Ground beef">beef</a>—placed inside a sliced <a href="/wiki/Bun" title="Bun">bun</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bread_roll" title="Bread roll">bread roll</a>. The patties are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis with <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiments</a> such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, <a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">relish</a> or a "special sauce", often a variation of <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island dressing</a>, and are frequently placed on <a href="/wiki/Bun" title="Bun">sesame seed buns</a>. A hamburger patty topped with cheese is called a <a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">cheeseburger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under some definitions, and in some cultures, a burger is considered a <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwich</a>. </p><p>Hamburgers are typically associated with <a href="/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant" title="Fast-food restaurant">fast-food restaurants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diner" title="Diner">diners</a> but are also sold at other restaurants, including high-end establishments. There are many international and regional <a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">variations</a> of hamburgers. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains feature burgers as one of their core products: <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_Mac" title="Big Mac">Big Mac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King's</a> <a href="/wiki/Whopper" title="Whopper">Whopper</a> have become global icons of <a href="/wiki/American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="American culture">American culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_terminology">Etymology and terminology</h2></div> <p>The term <i>hamburger</i> originally derives from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, the second-largest city in Germany; however, there is no specific connection between the dish and the city.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By linguistic <a href="/wiki/Rebracketing" title="Rebracketing">rebracketing</a>, the term "burger" eventually became a self-standing word that is associated with many different types of <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a> that are similar to a hamburger, but contain different meats such as <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">buffalo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_burger" title="Buffalo burger">buffalo burger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">kangaroo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_burger" title="Chicken burger">chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey as food">turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon burger">salmon burger</a>, and even with meatless sandwiches as is the case of the <a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">veggie burger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>burger</i> can also be applied to a meat patty on its own. Since the term <i>hamburger</i> usually implies beef, for clarity <i>burger</i> may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in <b>beef burger</b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey as food">turkey</a> burger, <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> burger, or <a href="/wiki/Portobello_mushroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Portobello mushroom">portobello</a> burger. In most English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast in a bun is a <b>chicken burger</b>. Americans would call this a <i><a href="/wiki/Chicken_sandwich" title="Chicken sandwich">chicken sandwich</a></i> because the meat is not ground, whereas in other countries, anything with a bun is considered a <i>burger</i> and a <i><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwich</a></i> has sliced bread.<sup id="cite_ref-Unilever_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unilever-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Murphy2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger" title="History of the hamburger">History of the hamburger</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger_in_the_United_States" title="History of the hamburger in the United States">History of the hamburger in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburg_steak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hamburg_steak.jpg/250px-Hamburg_steak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hamburg_steak.jpg/330px-Hamburg_steak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hamburg_steak.jpg/500px-Hamburg_steak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a> has been known as "<a href="/wiki/Frikadelle" title="Frikadelle">Frikadelle</a>" in Germany since the 17th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oberhafenkantine_(Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Oberhafenkantine_%28Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck%29.jpg/220px-Oberhafenkantine_%28Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Oberhafenkantine_%28Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck%29.jpg/330px-Oberhafenkantine_%28Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Oberhafenkantine_%28Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck%29.jpg/440px-Oberhafenkantine_%28Hamburger_Rundst%C3%BCck%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The "Hamburger Rundstück" was popular already in 1869 and is believed to be a precursor to the modern Hamburger.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch,_New_Haven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch%2C_New_Haven.jpg/220px-Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch%2C_New_Haven.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch%2C_New_Haven.jpg/330px-Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch%2C_New_Haven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch%2C_New_Haven.jpg/440px-Cheeseburger_at_Louis%27_Lunch%2C_New_Haven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Cheeseburger (with onions and tomatoes) at Louis' Lunch, New Haven, Connecticut</figcaption></figure> <p>Versions of the meal have been served for over a century, but its origins are still unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1758 edition of the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Cookery_Made_Plain_and_Easy" title="The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy">The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Glasse" title="Hannah Glasse">Hannah Glasse</a> included a recipe called "Hamburgh sausage", suggesting that it should be served "roasted with toasted bread under it." A similar snack was also popular in Hamburg under the name of "<a href="/wiki/Rundst%C3%BCck_warm" title="Rundstück warm">Rundstück warm</a>" ("bread roll warm") in 1869 or earlier,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was supposedly eaten by emigrants on their way to America. However, this may have contained roasted beefsteak rather than <a href="/wiki/Frikadelle" title="Frikadelle">Frikadelle</a>. It has alternatively been suggested that Hamburg steak served between two pieces of bread and eaten by Jewish passengers travelling from Hamburg to New York on <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a> vessels (which began operations in 1847) became so well known that the shipping company gave its name to the dish.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known which of these stories actually marks the invention of the hamburger and explains the name. </p><p>There is a reference to a "<a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a>" as early as 1884 in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Journal" title="The Boston Journal">The Boston Journal</a></i>.<sup>[OED, under "steak"]</sup> On July 5, 1896, the <i>Chicago Daily Tribune</i> made a highly specific claim regarding a "hamburger sandwich" in an article about a "Sandwich Car": "A distinguished favorite, only five cents, is Hamburger steak sandwich, the meat for which is kept ready in small patties and 'cooked while you wait' on the gasoline range."<sup id="cite_ref-hamburger1896_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamburger1896-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_invention">Claims of invention</h3></div> <p>The hamburger's origin is unclear, though "hamburger steak sandwiches" have been advertised in U.S. newspapers from New York to Hawaii since at least the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Post_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invention of hamburgers is commonly attributed to various people, including Charlie Nagreen, Frank and Charles Menches, Oscar Weber Bilby, Fletcher Davis, or Louis Lassen.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a> traces the origin of the hamburger to Hamburg, Germany, with its invention by Otto Krause.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have pointed to a recipe for "Hamburgh sausages" on toasted bread, published in <i>The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy</i> by Hannah Glasse in 1758.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Post_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamburgers gained national recognition in the U.S. at the <a href="/wiki/1904_St._Louis_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 St. Louis World's Fair">1904 St. Louis World's Fair</a> when the <i>New York Tribune</i> referred to the hamburger as "the innovation of a food vendor on the pike."<sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No conclusive argument has ended the dispute over invention. An article from <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> sums up: "One problem is that there is little written history. Another issue is that the burger spread happened largely at the World's Fair, from tiny vendors that came and went instantly. And it is entirely possible that more than one person came up with the idea at the same time in different parts of the country."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Louis_Lassen">Louis Lassen</h4></div> <p>Although debunked by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Post_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a popular myth recorded by Connecticut Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Rosa_DeLauro" title="Rosa DeLauro">Rosa DeLauro</a> stated the first hamburger served in America was by Louis Lassen, a Danish immigrant, after he opened <a href="/wiki/Louis%27_Lunch" title="Louis' Lunch">Louis' Lunch</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="New Haven">New Haven</a> in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-James_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis' Lunch, a small lunch wagon in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, is said to have sold the first hamburger and <a href="/wiki/Steak_sandwich" title="Steak sandwich">steak sandwich</a> in the U.S. in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Magazine">New York Magazine</a></i> states that "The dish actually had no name until some rowdy sailors from Hamburg named the meat on a bun after themselves years later", also noting that this claim is subject to dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A customer ordered a quick hot meal and Louis was out of steaks. Taking ground beef trimmings, Louis made a patty and grilled it, putting it between two slices of toast.<sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some critics such as Josh Ozersky, a food editor for <i>New York Magazine</i>, claim that this sandwich was not a hamburger because the bread was toasted.<sup id="cite_ref-Beach_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beach-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Charlie_Nagreen">Charlie Nagreen</h4></div> <p>One of the earliest claims comes from <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Nagreen" title="Charlie Nagreen">Charlie Nagreen</a>, who in 1885 sold a meatball between two slices of bread at the Seymour Fair<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now sometimes called the Outagamie County Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-Beach_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beach-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Seymour Community Historical Society of <a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Wisconsin" title="Seymour, Wisconsin">Seymour, Wisconsin</a>, credits Nagreen, now known as "Hamburger Charlie", with the invention. Nagreen was 15 when he reportedly sold pork sandwiches at the 1885 Seymour Fair so customers could eat while walking. The Historical Society explains that Nagreen named the hamburger after the Hamburg steak with which local German immigrants were familiar.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Otto_Krause">Otto Krause</h4></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a>, Otto Krause was the inventor of the hamburger. In 1891, he created a beef patty cooked in butter and topped with a fried egg. German sailors later omitted the fried egg.<sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oscar_Weber_Bilby">Oscar Weber Bilby</h4></div> <p>The family of Oscar Weber Bilby claims the first-known hamburger on a bun was served on July 4, 1891, on Grandpa Oscar's farm. The bun was a yeast bun.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amhistory_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amhistory-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, Governor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Keating" title="Frank Keating">Frank Keating</a> proclaimed that the first true hamburger on a bun was created and consumed in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a> in 1891, calling Tulsa, "The Real Birthplace of the Hamburger".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frank_and_Charles_Menches">Frank and Charles Menches</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg/250px-NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg/330px-NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg/500px-NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption>A bacon cheeseburger, from a New York City diner</figcaption></figure> <p>Frank and Charles Menches claim to have sold a ground beef sandwich at the Erie County Fair in 1885 in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg,_New_York" title="Hamburg, New York">Hamburg, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beach_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beach-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the fair, they ran out of pork sausage for their sandwiches and substituted beef.<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brothers exhausted their supply of sausage, so they purchased chopped-up beef from a butcher, Andrew Klein. Historian Joseph Streamer wrote that the meat was from Stein's market, not Klein's, despite Stein's having sold the market in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story notes that the name of the hamburger comes from Hamburg, New York, not Hamburg, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank Menches's obituary in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> states that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fletcher_Davis">Fletcher Davis</h4></div> <p>Fletcher Davis of <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Texas" title="Athens, Texas">Athens, Texas</a> claimed to have invented the hamburger. According to oral histories, in the 1880s, he opened a lunch counter in Athens and served a 'burger' of fried ground beef patties with mustard and Bermuda onion between two slices of bread, with a pickle on the side.<sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story is that in 1904, Davis and his wife Ciddy ran a sandwich stand at the St. Louis World's Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Frank X. Tolbert noted that Athens resident Clint Murchison said his grandfather dated the hamburger to the 1880s with Fletcher "Old Dave" Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A photo of "Old Dave's Hamburger Stand" from 1904 was sent to Tolbert as evidence of the claim.<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_hamburger-steak_claims">Other hamburger-steak claims</h4></div> <p>Various non-specific claims of the invention relate to the term "hamburger steak" without mention of its being a sandwich. The first printed American menu listing hamburgers is an 1834 menu from <a href="/wiki/Delmonico%27s" title="Delmonico's">Delmonico's</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the printer of the original menu was not in business in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-amhistory_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amhistory-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1889, a menu from Walla Walla Union in Washington offered hamburger steak as a menu item.<sup id="cite_ref-Origin2_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origin2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1871 and 1884, "Hamburg Beefsteak" was on the "Breakfast and Supper Menu" of the Clipper Restaurant at 311/313 Pacific Street in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_California" title="San Fernando, California">San Fernando, California</a>. It cost 10 cents—the same price as mutton chops, pig's feet in batter, and stewed veal. It was not, however, on the dinner menu. Only "Pig's Head", "Calf Tongue", and "Stewed Kidneys" were listed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another claim ties the hamburger to Summit County, New York, or Ohio. Summit County, Ohio, exists, but Summit County, New York, does not.<sup id="cite_ref-Harmon_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_major_vendors">Early major vendors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)#History" title="White Castle (restaurant)">History of White Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_McDonald%27s" title="History of McDonald's">History of McDonald's</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McD_Big_Mac.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/McD_Big_Mac.png/250px-McD_Big_Mac.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/McD_Big_Mac.png/330px-McD_Big_Mac.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/McD_Big_Mac.png/500px-McD_Big_Mac.png 2x" data-file-width="2909" data-file-height="2909" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_Mac" title="Big Mac">Big Mac</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1921: <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a>. Due to books by Upton Sinclair and Arthur Kallet discrediting the cleanliness and nutritional value of ground beef, hamburger meat was unpopular with families until the White Castle restaurant chain took it upon themselves to market the cleanliness and quality of their food through scientific studies and preparing the food in full view of customers with spotlessly clean buildings. They also reported in local newspapers how they carefully selected their meat, and opened the "Food Experiment Department" as a test kitchen and quality-control laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They marketed and sold large numbers of small <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>65 mm (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) square hamburger sandwiches, known as sliders and created five holes in each patty, which helped them cook evenly and eliminated the need to flip the burger. In 1995, White Castle began selling frozen hamburgers in convenience stores and vending machines.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Kewpee_Hamburgers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewpee Hamburgers">Kewpee Hamburgers</a>, or Kewpee Hotels, <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint, Michigan</a>. Kewpee was the second hamburger chain and peaked at 400 locations before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Many of these were licensed but not strictly franchised. Many closed during WWII. Between 1955 and 1967, another wave of restaurants closed or changed names. In 1967, the Kewpee licensor moved the company to a franchise system. Currently, only five locations exist.</li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/White_Tower_Hamburgers" title="White Tower Hamburgers">White Tower Hamburgers</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Little_Tavern" title="Little Tavern">Little Tavern</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Krystal_(restaurant)" title="Krystal (restaurant)">Krystal</a><sup id="cite_ref-SBS_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBS-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Big_Boy_Restaurants" title="Big Boy Restaurants">Big Boy</a>. In 1937, Bob Wian created the double-deck hamburger at his stand in Glendale, California. Big Boy would become the name of the hamburger, mascot, and restaurant. Big Boy expanded nationally through regional franchising and subfranchising. Primarily operating as drive-in restaurants in the 1950s, interior dining gradually replaced curb service by the early 1970s. Many franchises have closed or operated independently, but the Big Boy double-deck hamburger remains the signature item at the remaining American restaurants.</li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> restaurant, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino, California</a>, was opened by <a href="/wiki/Richard_and_Maurice_McDonald" title="Richard and Maurice McDonald">Richard and Maurice McDonald</a>. Their introduction of the "<a href="/wiki/Speedee" class="mw-redirect" title="Speedee">Speedee Service System</a>" in 1948 established the principles of the modern <a href="/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant" title="Fast-food restaurant">fast-food restaurant</a>. The McDonald brothers began franchising in 1953. In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kroc" title="Ray Kroc">Ray Kroc</a> (the supplier of their multi-mixer milkshake machines) purchased the company from the brothers for $2.7 million and a 1.9% royalty.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg/220px-Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg/330px-Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg/440px-Flickr_XP-ert_489502412--Cheeseburgers_on_grill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Hamburger preparation in a fast food establishment</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg/250px-Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg/330px-Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg/500px-Fat_%22L%22_Half_Pound_Burger_at_home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A hamburger with fries bought as take-away, with the hamburger and the fries in separate containers</figcaption></figure> <p>Hamburgers are often a feature of <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>. In the United States, the hamburger patties served by major fast food chains are usually mass-produced in factories and frozen for delivery to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hamburgers are thin and of uniform thickness, differing from the traditional American hamburger prepared in homes and conventional restaurants, which is thicker and prepared by hand from <a href="/wiki/Ground_beef" title="Ground beef">ground beef</a>. Most American hamburgers are round, but some fast-food chains, such as <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a>, sell square-cut hamburgers. Hamburgers in fast food restaurants are usually grilled on a flat top, but some firms, such as <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>, use a gas flame grilling process. At conventional American restaurants, hamburgers may be ordered "rare" but normally are served medium-well or well-done for food safety reasons. Fast food restaurants do not usually offer this option. </p><p>The McDonald's fast-food chain sells the <a href="/wiki/Big_Mac" title="Big Mac">Big Mac</a>, one of the world's top-selling hamburgers, with an estimated 550 million sold annually in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major fast-food chains, including <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Hungry_Jack%27s" title="Hungry Jack's">Hungry Jack's</a> in Australia), <a href="/wiki/A%26W_Restaurants" title="A&W Restaurants">A&W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culver%27s" title="Culver's">Culver's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whataburger" title="Whataburger">Whataburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr." title="Carl's Jr.">Carl's Jr.</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hardee%27s" title="Hardee's">Hardee's</a> chain, <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a> (known for their square patties), <a href="/wiki/Jack_in_the_Box" title="Jack in the Box">Jack in the Box</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krystal_(restaurant)" title="Krystal (restaurant)">Krystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cook_Out_(restaurant)" title="Cook Out (restaurant)">Cook Out</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey%27s" title="Harvey's">Harvey's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hesburger" title="Hesburger">Hesburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supermac%27s" title="Supermac's">Supermac's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shake_Shack" title="Shake Shack">Shake Shack</a>, <a href="/wiki/In-N-Out_Burger" title="In-N-Out Burger">In-N-Out Burger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Five_Guys" title="Five Guys">Five Guys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatburger" title="Fatburger">Fatburger</a>, Vera's, <a href="/wiki/Burgerville" title="Burgerville">Burgerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Back_Yard_Burgers" title="Back Yard Burgers">Back Yard Burgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lick%27s_Homeburger" class="mw-redirect" title="Lick's Homeburger">Lick's Homeburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers_Restaurants" title="Roy Rogers Restaurants">Roy Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smashburger" title="Smashburger">Smashburger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sonic_Drive-In" title="Sonic Drive-In">Sonic</a> also rely heavily on hamburger sales. <a href="/wiki/Fuddruckers" title="Fuddruckers">Fuddruckers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Robin" title="Red Robin">Red Robin</a> are hamburger chains that specialize in the mid-tier "restaurant-style" variety of hamburgers. </p><p>Some restaurants offer elaborate hamburgers using expensive cuts of meat and various cheeses, toppings, and sauces. One example is the <a href="/wiki/Bobby%27s_Burger_Palace" title="Bobby's Burger Palace">Bobby's Burger Palace</a> chain founded by well-known chef and <a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a> star <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Flay" title="Bobby Flay">Bobby Flay</a>. </p><p>Hamburgers are often served as a fast dinner, picnic, or party food and are often cooked outdoors on barbecue grills. </p><p>A high-quality hamburger patty is made entirely of ground (minced) beef and seasonings; these may be described as "all-beef hamburger" or "all-beef patties" to distinguish them from inexpensive hamburgers made with cost-savers like added <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">textured vegetable protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Slime" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink Slime">ammonia treated defatted beef trimmings</a> (which the company <a href="/wiki/Beef_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="Beef Products">Beef Products</a> Inc, calls "lean finely textured beef"),<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_of_a_Burger_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_of_a_Burger-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moss_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moss-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Advanced_meat_recovery" title="Advanced meat recovery">advanced meat recovery</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Meat_extenders" title="Meat extenders">fillers</a>. In the 1930s, ground <a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">liver</a> was sometimes added. Some cooks prepare their patties with binders like <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breadcrumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadcrumb">breadcrumbs</a>. Seasonings may include salt and pepper and others like <a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">parsley</a>, onions, <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island dressing</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_onion_soup" title="French onion soup">onion soup</a> mix, or <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire sauce</a>. Many name-brand <a href="/wiki/Seasoned_salt" title="Seasoned salt">seasoned salt</a> products are also used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cost">Cost</h3></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, the average price of a fast-food restaurant burger in the United States increased by 16% between 2019 and 2024, reaching $8.41 in the second quarter of 2024. Specifically, the iconic Big Mac at McDonald's cost $5.29 during the same period, representing a 21% price increase over the same five-year span.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety">Safety</h3></div> <p>Raw hamburgers may contain harmful bacteria that can produce food-borne illnesses such as <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7" title="Escherichia coli O157:H7"><i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7</a>, due to the occasional initial improper preparation of the meat, so caution is needed during handling and cooking. Because of the potential for food-borne illness, the <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a>, recommends hamburgers be cooked to an internal temperature of 160 °F (71 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If cooked to this temperature, they are considered <a href="/wiki/Well-done" class="mw-redirect" title="Well-done">well-done</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">List of hamburgers</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_meats">Other meats</h3></div> <p>Burgers can also be made with patties made from ingredients other than beef.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a <i>turkey burger</i> uses ground <a href="/wiki/Turkey_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey as food">turkey</a> meat, a <i>chicken burger</i> uses ground <a href="/wiki/Chicken_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken (food)">chicken</a> meat. A <i>buffalo burger</i> uses ground meat from a <a href="/wiki/American_Bison" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bison">bison</a>, and an <i>ostrich burger</i> is made from ground seasoned <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostrich</a> meat. A deer burger uses ground <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a> from <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veggie_burgers">Veggie burgers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg/250px-Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg/330px-Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg/500px-Impossible_Burger_-_Gott%27s_Roadside-_2018_-_Stierch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The vegan <a href="/wiki/Impossible_Burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Impossible Burger">Impossible Burger</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vegetarian and vegan burgers can be formed from a <a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">meat analogue</a>, a meat substitute such as <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">TVP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seitan" title="Seitan">seitan</a> (wheat gluten), <a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">quorn</a>, beans, grains or an assortment of vegetables, ground up and mashed into patties. </p><p>Vegetable patties have existed in various <a href="/wiki/Eurasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian">Eurasian</a> cuisines for millennia and are a commonplace item in <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian cuisine</a>. </p><p>In the 1900s, some companies began making soy-based burgers, including the <a href="/wiki/Boca_Burger" title="Boca Burger">Boca Burger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lightlife" title="Lightlife">Lightlife</a>. Other producers entered business with new burgers in the 2000s, including <a href="/wiki/Gardein" title="Gardein">Gardein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impossible_Foods" title="Impossible Foods">Impossible Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beyond_Meat" title="Beyond Meat">Beyond Meat</a>, and Meati. These products are primarily made of peas, soy, mushrooms, yeast, beans, and/or nuts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steak_burgers">Steak burgers</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg/170px-Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg/255px-Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg/340px-Steak_burger_with_cheese_and_onion_rings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A steak burger with cheese and onion rings</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile" style="width:220px"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color: #fff;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #fff; font-size:175%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #fca; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefsteak" title="Beefsteak">Beefsteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_steak" title="Fish steak">Fish steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_steak" title="Pork steak">Pork steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steakhouse" title="Steakhouse">Steakhouse</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #fca; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">List of steak dishes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asado" title="Asado">Asado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Manhattan" title="Beef Manhattan">Beef Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bife_a_cavalo" title="Bife a cavalo">Bife a cavalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistecca_alla_fiorentina" title="Bistecca alla fiorentina">Bistecca alla fiorentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_beef" title="Boiled beef">Boiled beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgogi" title="Bulgogi">Bulgogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbag_steak" title="Carpetbag steak">Carpetbag steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carne_asada" title="Carne asada">Carne asada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chateaubriand_steak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateaubriand steak">Chateaubriand steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesesteak" title="Cheesesteak">Cheesesteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fried_steak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken fried steak">Chicken fried steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistek" title="Bistek">Bistek Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollito_misto" title="Bollito misto">Bollito misto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmonico_steak" title="Delmonico steak">Delmonico steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajita" title="Fajita">Fajita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_steaks" title="Finger steaks">Finger steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_broil" title="London broil">London broil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_beef" title="Mongolian beef">Mongolian beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_steak" title="Pepper steak">Pepper steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_roast" title="Pot roast">Pot roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_beef" title="Roast beef">Roast beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_beef" title="Italian beef">Italian beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawn_cocktail,_steak_and_Black_Forest_gateau" title="Prawn cocktail, steak and Black Forest gateau">Prawn cocktail, steak and Black Forest gateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_steak" title="Salisbury steak">Salisbury steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_cha_beef" title="Sha cha beef">Sha cha beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_rib_roast" title="Standing rib roast">Standing rib roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_eggs" title="Steak and eggs">Steak and eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">Steak and kidney pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pudding" title="Steak and kidney pudding">Steak and kidney pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_oyster_pie" title="Steak and oyster pie">Steak and oyster pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_au_poivre" title="Steak au poivre">Steak au poivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Steak burger">Steak burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_de_Burgo" title="Steak de Burgo">Steak de Burgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_Diane" title="Steak Diane">Steak Diane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_frites" title="Steak frites">Steak frites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sandwich" title="Steak sandwich">Steak sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Steak tartare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suadero" title="Suadero">Suadero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_and_turf" title="Surf and turf">Surf and turf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_steak" title="Swiss steak">Swiss steak</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #fca; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cut_of_beef" title="Cut of beef">Cuts of beef</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cut_of_beef#Forequarter_cuts" title="Cut of beef">Forequarter cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_of_beef#Hindquarter_cuts" title="Cut of beef">Hindquarter cuts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7-bone_roast" title="7-bone roast">7-bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_steak" title="Blade steak">Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_steak" title="Chuck steak">Chuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filet_mignon" title="Filet mignon">Fillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flank_steak" title="Flank steak">Flank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flap_steak" title="Flap steak">Flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_iron_steak" title="Flat iron steak">Flat iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanger_steak" title="Hanger steak">Hanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_plate" title="Beef plate">Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popeseye_steak" title="Popeseye steak">Popseye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_steak" title="Ranch steak">Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_eye_steak" title="Rib eye steak">Rib eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_steak" title="Rib steak">Rib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_steak" title="Round steak">Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rump_steak" title="Rump steak">Rump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverside_(beef)" title="Silverside (beef)">Silverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirloin_steak" title="Sirloin steak">Sirloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirt_steak" title="Skirt steak">Skirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_steak" title="Strip steak">Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bone_steak" title="T-bone steak">T-bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_tenderloin" title="Beef tenderloin">Tenderloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_sirloin" title="Top sirloin">Top sirloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-tip" title="Tri-tip">Tri-tip</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #fca; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Preparation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char-grilled_steak" title="Char-grilled steak">Char grilled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chopped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-cured_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt-cured meat">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searing" title="Searing">Seared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #fca; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">List of beef dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doneness" title="Doneness">Doneness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_on_the_bone" title="Meat on the bone">Meat on the bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restructured_steak" title="Restructured steak">Restructured steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_knife" title="Steak knife">Steak knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sauce" title="Steak sauce">Steak sauce</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steak" title="Template:Steak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steak" title="Template talk:Steak"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the United States, a <b>steak burger</b> is a marketing term for a hamburger claimed to be of superior quality.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere, it is a burger containing a <a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">steak</a>. </p><p>Use of the term "steakburger" dates to the 1920s in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. "Gus" Belt, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Steak_%27n_Shake" title="Steak 'n Shake">Steak 'n Shake</a>, devised a higher-quality hamburger and offered it as a "steakburger" to customers at the company's first location in <a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LR66_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LR66-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This burger used a combination of ground meat from the strip portion of <a href="/wiki/T-bone_steak" title="T-bone steak">T-bone steak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sirloin_steak" title="Sirloin steak">sirloin steak</a> in its preparation.<sup id="cite_ref-LR66_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LR66-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steakburgers are a primary menu item at <a href="/wiki/Steak_%27n_Shake" title="Steak 'n Shake">Steak 'n Shake</a> restaurants,<sup id="cite_ref-LR66_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LR66-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the company's registered <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarks</a> included "original steakburger" and "famous for steakburgers".<sup id="cite_ref-AFDLD_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFDLD-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steak 'n Shake's "Prime Steakburgers" are now made of <a href="/wiki/Beef_carcass_classification" title="Beef carcass classification">choice grade</a> brisket and chuck.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a> is typical, although other meats such as lamb and pork may also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meat is ground<sup id="cite_ref-Croft_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croft-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or chopped.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other places - including Australia and New Zealand - a steak burger contains a whole steak, not ground meat.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Steak burgers may be cooked to various <a href="/wiki/Doneness" title="Doneness">degrees of doneness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kearney_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kearney-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Steakburgers may be served with standard hamburger toppings such as lettuce, onion, and tomato.<sup id="cite_ref-Kearney_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kearney-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some may have various additional toppings such as cheese,<sup id="cite_ref-Kearney_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kearney-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bacon, fried egg, mushrooms,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> additional meats,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg/250px-Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg/330px-Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg/500px-Burger_King_Angus_Bacon_%26_Cheese_Steak_Burger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1621" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> bacon and cheese steak burger</figcaption></figure> <p>Various fast food outlets and restaurants ‍—‌ such as <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr." title="Carl's Jr.">Carl's Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardee%27s" title="Hardee's">Hardee's</a>, <a href="/wiki/IHOP" title="IHOP">IHOP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steak_%27n_Shake" title="Steak 'n Shake">Steak 'n Shake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Steak" title="Mr. Steak">Mr. Steak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freddy%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Freddy's">Freddy's</a> ‍—‌ market steak burgers.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AFDLD_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFDLD-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARDBCL_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDBCL-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some restaurants offer high-end burgers prepared from <a href="/wiki/Beef_aging" title="Beef aging">aged</a> beef.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, many restaurants have used the term "steakburger" at various times.<sup id="cite_ref-ARDBCL_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDBCL-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Baseball_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball park">baseball parks</a> concessions in the United States call their hamburgers steak burgers, such as <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rosenblatt_Stadium" title="Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium">Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burger King introduced the <a href="/wiki/Burger_King_premium_burgers#Sirloin_Steak_sandwich" title="Burger King premium burgers">Sirloin Steak sandwich</a> in 1979 as part of a menu expansion that, in turn, was part of a corporate restructuring effort for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a single oblong <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">patty</a> made of chopped steak served on a sub-style sesame seed roll.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HBR-BK_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBR-BK-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional steak burgers that Burger King has offered are the Angus Bacon Cheddar Ranch Steak Burger, the Angus Bacon & Cheese Steak Burger, and a limited edition Stuffed Steakhouse Burger.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Steak_%27n_Shake" title="Steak 'n Shake">Steak 'n Shake</a> sued <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> over the latter's use of the term <i>Steak Burger</i> in conjunction with one of its menu items, claiming that such use infringed on trademark rights.<sup id="cite_ref-StL_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StL-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (According to the <i>St. Louis Post-Dispatch</i>, Burger King's attorneys "grilled" Steak 'n Shake's CEO in court about the precise content of Steak 'n Shake's steakburger offering.)<sup id="cite_ref-StL_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StL-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was settled out of court.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_and_Canada">United States and Canada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili_burger" title="Chili burger">Chili burger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger_in_the_United_States" title="History of the hamburger in the United States">History of the hamburger in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Burger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A hamburger served in New York with <a href="/wiki/Arugula" class="mw-redirect" title="Arugula">arugula</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Ciabatta" title="Ciabatta">ciabatta</a> roll</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg/220px-A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg/330px-A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg/440px-A_party_tray_of_sliders_at_a_restaurant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5086" data-file-height="2907" /></a><figcaption>Miniature hamburgers ("<a href="/wiki/Slider_(sandwich)" title="Slider (sandwich)">sliders</a>") </figcaption></figure> <p>The hamburger is considered a national dish of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, burgers may be classified as two main types: fast food hamburgers and individually prepared burgers made in homes and <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>. The latter are often prepared with a variety of toppings, including <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>, and often sliced <a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">pickles</a> (or pickle relish). <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a> (or commonly <a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a> in Canada) often accompany the burger. <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">Cheese</a> (usually <a href="/wiki/Processed_cheese" title="Processed cheese">processed cheese slices</a> but often <a href="/wiki/Cheddar_cheese" title="Cheddar cheese">Cheddar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_(North_America)" title="Swiss cheese (North America)">Swiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepper_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepper jack">pepper jack</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese" title="Blue cheese">blue</a>), either melted directly on the meat patty or crumbled on top, is generally an option. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">Condiments</a> might be added to a hamburger or may be offered separately on the side, including <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">relish</a>, salad dressings and <a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sauce" title="Barbecue sauce">barbecue sauce</a>. Other toppings can include <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocado</a> or <a href="/wiki/Guacamole" title="Guacamole">guacamole</a>, sliced sautéed <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a>, cheese sauce, <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_carne" title="Chili con carne">chili</a> (usually without <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fried_egg" title="Fried egg">fried egg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scrambled_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrambled egg">scrambled egg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feta_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Feta cheese">feta cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese" title="Blue cheese">blue cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">jalapeños</a> and other kinds of <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anchovy_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchovy (food)">anchovies</a>, slices of <a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">ham</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bologna_sausage" title="Bologna sausage">bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">pastrami</a> or <a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">teriyaki</a>-seasoned beef, <a href="/wiki/Tartar_sauce" title="Tartar sauce">tartar sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion_ring" title="Onion ring">onion rings</a> or <a href="/wiki/Potato_chip" title="Potato chip">potato chips</a>. </p> <ul><li>Standard hamburger toppings may depend on location, particularly at restaurants that are not national or regional franchises.</li> <li>Restaurants may offer hamburgers with multiple meat patties. The most common variants are double and triple hamburgers, but California-based burger chain <a href="/wiki/In-N-Out" class="mw-redirect" title="In-N-Out">In-N-Out</a> once sold a sandwich with one hundred patties, called a "100x100".<sup id="cite_ref-100x100_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100x100-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pastrami burgers may be served in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Patty_melt" title="Patty melt">patty melt</a> consists of a patty, <a href="/wiki/Saut%C3%A9ed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sautéed">sautéed</a> onions and cheese between two slices of <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a>. The sandwich is then buttered and fried.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Slider_(sandwich)" title="Slider (sandwich)">slider</a> is a tiny square hamburger patty served on an equally small bun and usually sprinkled with diced onions. According to the earliest citations, the name originated aboard <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> ships due to how greasy burgers slid across the galley grill as the ship pitched and rolled.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other versions claim the term "slider" originated from the hamburgers served by flight line galleys at military airfields, which were so greasy they slid right through one, or because their small size allowed them to "slide" right down the throat in one or two bites.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a "kubie burger" is a hamburger made with a pressed Ukrainian sausage (<a href="/wiki/Kubasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubasa">kubasa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A butter burger, found commonly throughout <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> and the upper midwest, is a normal burger with a pad of butter as a topping or a heavily buttered bun. It is the signature menu item of the restaurant chain <a href="/wiki/Culver%27s" title="Culver's">Culver's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16_Regional_Burgers_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16_Regional_Burgers-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fat_Boy_(hamburger)" title="Fat Boy (hamburger)">Fat Boy</a> is an iconic hamburger with chili meat sauce originating in the Greek burger restaurants of <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, a "<a href="/wiki/Jucy_Lucy" title="Jucy Lucy">Juicy Lucy</a>" (also spelled "Jucy Lucy"), is a hamburger having cheese inside the meat patty rather than on top. A piece of cheese is surrounded by raw meat and cooked until it melts, resulting in a molten core within the patty. This scalding hot cheese tends to gush out at the first bite, so servers frequently instruct customers to let the sandwich cool for a few minutes before consumption.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Low-carb" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-carb">low-carb</a> burger is a hamburger served without a bun and replaced with large slices of lettuce, with mayonnaise or mustard being the sauces primarily used.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A ramen burger, invented by Keizo Shimamoto, is a hamburger patty sandwiched between two discs of compressed ramen noodles in lieu of a traditional bun.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burger" title="Luther Burger">Luther Burger</a> is a bacon cheeseburger with two glazed doughnuts instead of buns.<sup id="cite_ref-16_Regional_Burgers_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16_Regional_Burgers-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamed_cheeseburger" title="Steamed cheeseburger">Steamed cheeseburger</a> is a cheeseburger in which the burger is steamed instead of grilled. It was invented in Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-16_Regional_Burgers_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16_Regional_Burgers-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3></div> <p>In 2012, according to a study by the NDP cabinet, the French consume 14 hamburgers in restaurants per year per person, placing them fourth in the world and second in Europe, just behind the British.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a study by Gira Conseil on the consumption of hamburgers in France in 2013, 75% of traditional French restaurants offer at least one hamburger on their menu, and for a third of these restaurants, it has become the leader in the range of dishes, ahead of rib steaks, grills or fish.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3></div> <p>In Mexico, burgers (called <i>hamburguesas</i>) are served with <a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">ham</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and slices of <a href="/wiki/American_cheese" title="American cheese">American cheese</a> fried on top of the meat patty. The toppings include <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">jalapeño</a> slices, shredded <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</a>. The bun has <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a> may also be added, which can be fried or grilled along with the meat patty. A slice of <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> may be added to a hamburger for a "Hawaiian hamburger". </p><p>Some restaurants' burgers also have barbecue sauce, and others replace the ground patty with sirloin, <a href="/wiki/Al_pastor" title="Al pastor">Al pastor</a> meat, <a href="/wiki/Barbacoa" title="Barbacoa">barbacoa</a>, or fried chicken breast. Many burger chains from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> can be found all over <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr." title="Carl's Jr.">Carl's Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonic_Drive-In" title="Sonic Drive-In">Sonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_and_Ireland">United Kingdom and Ireland</h3></div> <p>Hamburgers in the UK and Ireland are very similar to those in the US, and the same big two chains dominate the <a href="/wiki/High_Street" title="High Street">High Street</a> as in the U.S. — McDonald's and Burger King. The menus offered to both countries are virtually identical, although portion sizes tend to be smaller in the UK. In Ireland, the food outlet <a href="/wiki/Supermacs" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermacs">Supermacs</a> is widespread throughout the country, serving burgers as part of its menu. In Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Abrakebabra" title="Abrakebabra">Abrakebabra</a> (started out selling kebabs) and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Rocket%27s" title="Eddie Rocket's">Eddie Rocket's</a> are also major chains. </p><p>An original and indigenous rival to the big two U.S. giants was the quintessentially British fast-food chain <a href="/wiki/Wimpy_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimpy (brand)">Wimpy</a>, originally known as Wimpy Bar (opened 1954 at the Lyon's Corner House in Coventry Street London), which served its hamburgers on a plate with British-style <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">chips</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">cutlery</a> and delivered to the customer's table. In the late 1970s, to compete with McDonald's,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wimpy began to open American-style counter-service restaurants, and the brand disappeared from many UK high streets when those restaurants were re-branded as Burger Kings between 1989 and 1990 by the then-owner of both brands, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Metropolitan" title="Grand Metropolitan">Grand Metropolitan</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">management buyout</a> in 1990 split the brands again, and now Wimpy table-service restaurants can still be found in many town centres, whilst new counter-service Wimpys are now often found at motorway service stations. </p><p>Hamburgers are also available from mobile <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">kiosks</a>, commonly known as "burger vans", particularly at outdoor events such as <a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football</a> matches. Burgers from this type of outlet are usually served without any form of salad — only fried onions and a choice of tomato ketchup, mustard, or brown sauce. </p><p>Chip shops, particularly in the West Midlands and North-East of England, Scotland, and Ireland, serve battered hamburgers called batter burgers. This is where the burger patty is deep-fat-fried in batter and is usually served with chips. </p><p>Hamburgers and <a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">veggie burgers</a> served with chips, and salad is standard <a href="/wiki/Pub_grub" class="mw-redirect" title="Pub grub">pub grub</a> menu items. Many pubs specialize in "gourmet" burgers. These are usually high-quality minced steak patties topped with things such as blue cheese, brie, avocado, anchovy mayonnaise, et cetera. Some British <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pubs</a> serve burger patties made from more exotic meats, including <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a> burgers (sometimes nicknamed Bambi Burgers), <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> burgers, <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostrich</a> burgers, and in some Australian-themed pubs even <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">kangaroo</a> burgers can be purchased. These burgers are served similarly to the traditional hamburger but are sometimes served with a different sauce, including redcurrant sauce, mint sauce, and plum sauce. </p><p>In the early 21st century, "premium" hamburger chains and independent restaurants have arisen, selling burgers produced from meat stated to be of high quality and often <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organic</a>, usually served to eat on the premises rather than to take away.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chains include <a href="/wiki/Gourmet_Burger_Kitchen" title="Gourmet Burger Kitchen">Gourmet Burger Kitchen</a>, Ultimate Burger, Hamburger Union and Byron Hamburgers in London. Independent restaurants such as Meatmarket and Dirty Burger developed a style of rich, juicy burger in 2012 which is known as a <i>dirty burger</i> or <i>third-wave burger</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years <a href="/wiki/Rustlers_(convenience_food)" title="Rustlers (convenience food)">Rustlers</a> has sold pre-cooked hamburgers reheatable in a <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave oven</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, as in North America and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the term "burger" can refer simply to the patty, be it beef, some other kind of meat, or vegetarian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Hamburger_in_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>This hamburger in a fast food restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand, contains <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a> for flavor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fast food franchises sell American-style fast-food hamburgers in Australia and New Zealand. The traditional <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasian</a> hamburgers are usually bought from <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chip_shop" title="Fish and chip shop">fish and chip shops</a> or milk bars rather than from chain restaurants. These traditional hamburgers are becoming less common as older-style fast food outlets decrease in number. The hamburger meat is almost always ground beef, or "mince", as it is more commonly referred to in Australia and New Zealand. They commonly include tomato, lettuce, grilled onion, and meat as minimum—in this form, known in Australia as a "plain hamburger", which often also includes a slice of beetroot—and, optionally, can include cheese, <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a>, pineapple, a fried egg, and bacon. If all these optional ingredients are included, it is known in Australia as a "burger with the lot".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia and New Zealand, as in the United Kingdom, the word <i>sandwich</i> is generally reserved for two <i>slices</i> of bread (from a loaf) with fillings in between them – unlike in American English where a <i>sandwich</i> is fillings between two pieces of any kind of bread, not only slices of bread – as such <i>burgers</i> are not generally considered to be <i>sandwiches</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unilever_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unilever-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>burger</i> is applied to any cut bun with a hot filling, even when the filling does not contain beef, such as a chicken burger (generally with chicken breast rather than chicken mince), salmon burger, pulled pork burger, veggie burger, etc. </p><p>The only variance between the two countries' hamburgers is that New Zealand's equivalent to "The Lot" often contains a steak (beef). The condiments regularly used are barbecue sauce and <a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce#Australia,_New_Zealand_and_South_Africa" title="Tomato sauce">tomato sauce</a>. The traditional Australasian hamburger never includes mayonnaise. The <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> "McOz" Burger is partway between American and Australian style burgers, having beetroot and tomato in an otherwise typical American burger; however, it is no longer a part of the menu. Likewise, McDonald's in New Zealand created a <a href="/wiki/Kiwiburger" title="Kiwiburger">Kiwiburger</a>, similar to a Quarter Pounder, but features salad, beetroot, and a fried egg. The <a href="/wiki/Hungry_Jack%27s" title="Hungry Jack's">Hungry Jack's</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>) "Aussie Burger" has tomato, lettuce, onion, cheese, bacon, beetroot, egg, ketchup, and a meat patty, while adding pineapple is an upcharge. It is essentially a "Burger with the lot" but uses the standard HJ circular breakfast Egg rather than the fully fried egg used by local fish shops.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roujiamo,_La_Taverne_de_Zhao,_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Roujiamo%2C_La_Taverne_de_Zhao%2C_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg/250px-Roujiamo%2C_La_Taverne_de_Zhao%2C_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Roujiamo%2C_La_Taverne_de_Zhao%2C_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg/330px-Roujiamo%2C_La_Taverne_de_Zhao%2C_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Roujiamo%2C_La_Taverne_de_Zhao%2C_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg/500px-Roujiamo%2C_La_Taverne_de_Zhao%2C_Paris_17_September_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></i></span>, the "Chinese hamburger"</figcaption></figure> <p>In China, due to the branding of their sandwiches by <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> and <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a> restaurants in China, the word "burger" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汉堡</span></span>) refers to all sandwiches that consist of two pieces of bun and a meat patty in between. This has led to confusion when Chinese nationals try to order sandwiches with meat fillings other than beef in fast-food restaurants in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-Sohu-2017_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sohu-2017-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A popular Chinese <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a>, known as <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">roujiamo</a></i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">肉夹馍</span></span>), consists of meat (most commonly pork) sandwiched between two buns. <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Roujiamo</i></span> has been called the "Chinese hamburger".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the sandwich dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (221–206 BC) and fits the aforementioned Chinese word for burger, Chinese media have claimed that the hamburger was invented in China.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sohu-2017_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sohu-2017-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MOS_Kaisen01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/MOS_Kaisen01.JPG/250px-MOS_Kaisen01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/MOS_Kaisen01.JPG/330px-MOS_Kaisen01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/MOS_Kaisen01.JPG/500px-MOS_Kaisen01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MOS_Burger" title="MOS Burger">MOS Burger</a> <a href="/wiki/Rice_burger" title="Rice burger">rice burger</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Japan, hamburgers can be served in a bun, called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">hanbāgā</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ハンバーガー</span></span>)</span>, or just the patties served without a bun, known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">hanbāgu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ハンバーグ</span></span>)</span> or "hamburg", short for "hamburg steak". </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steaks</a></i> (served without buns) are similar to what are known as <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_steak" title="Salisbury steak">Salisbury steaks</a> in the US. They are made from minced beef, pork, or a blend of the two mixed with minced onions, eggs, breadcrumbs, and spices. They are served with <a href="/wiki/Brown_sauce" title="Brown sauce">brown sauce</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Demi-glace" title="Demi-glace">demi-glace</a> in restaurants) with vegetable or salad sides, or occasionally in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_curry" title="Japanese curry">Japanese curries</a>. Hamburgers may be served in casual, western-style suburban restaurant chains known in Japan as "<a href="/wiki/Casual_dining" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual dining">family restaurants</a>". </p><p>On the other hand, Hamburgers in buns are predominantly the domain of fast food chains. Japan has homegrown hamburger chain restaurants such as <a href="/wiki/MOS_Burger" title="MOS Burger">MOS Burger</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Kitchen" title="First Kitchen">First Kitchen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freshness_Burger" title="Freshness Burger">Freshness Burger</a>. Local varieties of burgers served in Japan include <a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">teriyaki</a> burgers, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">katsu</i></span> burgers (containing <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu" title="Tonkatsu">tonkatsu</a></i></span>) and burgers containing shrimp <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Korokke" title="Korokke">korokke</a></i></span>. Some of the more unusual examples include the <a href="/wiki/Rice_burger" title="Rice burger">rice burger</a>, where the bun is made of rice, and the luxury 1,000-yen (US$10) "Takumi Burger" (meaning "artisan taste"), featuring <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a>, freshly grated <a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">wasabi</a>, and other rare seasonal ingredients. In terms of the actual patty, there are burgers made with <a href="/wiki/Kobe_beef" title="Kobe beef">Kobe beef</a>, butchered from cows that are fed with beer and massaged daily. McDonald's Japan also recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> launched a McPork burger made with US <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>. McDonald's has been gradually losing market share in Japan to these local hamburger chains due partly to the preference of Japanese diners for fresh ingredients and more refined, "upscale" hamburger offerings.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> once retreated from Japan, but re-entered the market in summer 2007 in cooperation with the Korean-owned Japanese fast-food chain Lotteria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG/250px-Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG/330px-Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG/500px-Danish_Beef_Sandwich.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>The modern Danish bøfsandwich</figcaption></figure> <p>In Denmark, the hamburger was introduced in 1949, though it was called the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8fsandwich" title="Bøfsandwich">bøfsandwich</a>. There are many variations. While the original bøfsandwich was simply a generic meat patty containing a mix of beef and horse meat, with slightly different garnish (mustard, ketchup, and soft onions), it has continued to evolve. Today, a bøfsandwich usually contains a beef patty, pickled cucumber, raw, pickled, fried or soft onions, pickled red beets, mustard, ketchup, <a href="/wiki/Remoulade#Danish_remoulade" title="Remoulade">remoulade</a>, and perhaps most strikingly, is often overflowing with brown gravy, which is sometimes even poured on top of the assembled bøfsandwich. The original bøfsandwich is still on the menu at the same restaurant from which it originated in 1949, now run by the original owner's grandson.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the popularity of the bøfsandwich, many variations sprung up, using different types of meat instead of the beef patty. One variation, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fl%C3%A6skestegssandwich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flæskestegssandwich (page does not exist)">flæskestegssandwich</a>, grew especially popular. This variation replaces the minced beef patty with slices of pork loin or belly and typically uses sweet-and-sour pickled red cabbage, mayonnaise, mustard, and pork rinds as garnish.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the bøfsandwich, flæskestegssandwich, and their many variations co-exist with the more typical hamburger, with the opening of the first Burger King restaurant in 1977 popularizing the original dish in Denmark. Many local, high-end burger restaurants dot the major cities, including <a href="/wiki/Popl_(restaurant)" title="Popl (restaurant)">Popl</a>, an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Noma_(restaurant)" title="Noma (restaurant)">Noma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg/250px-Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg/330px-Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg/500px-Bulgogi_burger_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2994" /></a><figcaption>Korean-style bulgogi burger</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rice_burger" title="Rice burger">Rice burgers</a> mentioned above are also available in several East Asian countries such as Taiwan and South Korea. <a href="/wiki/Lotteria" title="Lotteria">Lotteria</a> is a big hamburger franchise in Japan owned by the South Korean <a href="/wiki/Lotte_(conglomerate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotte (conglomerate)">Lotte</a> group, with outlets also in China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan. In addition to selling beef hamburgers, they have hamburgers made from squid, pork, tofu, and shrimp. Variations available in South Korea include <a href="/wiki/Bulgogi" title="Bulgogi">Bulgogi</a> burgers and <a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a> burgers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg/250px-Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg/330px-Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg/500px-Taiwan_McDonald%27s_chicken_rice_burger_20050218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1126" /></a><figcaption>Chicken burger with rice bun (sold in Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, Macao, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore). Note that the "bun" is composed of cooked rice.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Philippines, a wide range of major U.S. fast-food franchises are well represented, together with local imitators, often amended to the local palate. The chain <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> (locally nicknamed "McDo") has a range of burger and chicken dishes often accompanied by plain <a href="/wiki/Steamed_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Steamed rice">steamed rice</a> or French fries. The Philippines boasts its own burger chain called <a href="/wiki/Jollibee" title="Jollibee">Jollibee</a>, which offers burger meals and chicken, including a signature burger called "Champ". Jollibee now has several outlets in the United States, the Middle East, and East Asia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jumbo_Vada_Pav_(dodged).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jumbo_Vada_Pav_%28dodged%29.jpg/250px-Jumbo_Vada_Pav_%28dodged%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jumbo_Vada_Pav_%28dodged%29.jpg/330px-Jumbo_Vada_Pav_%28dodged%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jumbo_Vada_Pav_%28dodged%29.jpg/500px-Jumbo_Vada_Pav_%28dodged%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a> or "Indian Burger" is made of potatoes and spices.</figcaption></figure> <p>In India, burgers are usually made from chicken or vegetable patties due to cultural beliefs against eating beef (which stem from <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> religious practice) and pork (which stems from <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> religious practice). Because of this, most fast food chains and restaurants in India do not serve beef. McDonald's in India, for instance, does not serve beef, offering the "Maharaja Mac" instead of the Big Mac, substituting the beef patties with chicken. Another version of the Indian vegetarian burger is the <a href="/wiki/Wada_pav" class="mw-redirect" title="Wada pav">wada pav</a>, consisting of a deep-fried potato patty dipped in gram flour batter. It is usually served with mint chutney and fried green chili. Another alternative is the "Buff Burger", made with buffalo meat.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3></div> <p>In Pakistan, apart from American fast food chains, burgers can be found in stalls near shopping areas, the best known being the "shami burger". This is made from "shami kebab", made by mixing lentils and minced lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Onions, scrambled eggs, and ketchup are the most popular toppings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3></div> <p>In Malaysia, there are 300 McDonald's restaurants. The menu in Malaysia also includes eggs and fried chicken on top of regular burgers. Burgers are also easily found at nearby mobile kiosks, especially <a href="/wiki/Ramly_Burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramly Burger">Ramly Burger</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolia">Mongolia</h3></div> <p>In Mongolia, a recent fast food craze due to the sudden influx of foreign influence has led to the prominence of the hamburger. Specialized fast food restaurants serving to Mongolian tastes have sprung up and seen great success. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu%2C_Malaysia.jpg/220px-Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu%2C_Malaysia.jpg/330px-Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu%2C_Malaysia.jpg/440px-Beef_Burger_In_Kota_Kinabalu%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef burger</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fried_egg" title="Fried egg">fried egg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> and some <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3></div> <p>In Turkey, in addition to the internationally familiar offerings, numerous localized variants of the hamburger may be found, such as the Islak Burger (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Wet-Burger</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), which is a beef slider doused in seasoned tomato sauce and steamed inside a special glass chamber, and has its origins in the Turkish fast food retailer Kizilkayalar. Other variations include lamb burgers and <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">offal</a>-burgers, which are offered by local fast food businesses and global chains alike, such as McDonald's and <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>. Most burger shops have also adopted a pizzeria-like approach to home delivery, and almost all major fast food chains deliver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia_and_Serbia">Yugoslavia and Serbia</h3></div> <p>In the former Yugoslavia, and originally in Serbia, there is a local version of the hamburger known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">pljeskavica</a></i>. It is often served as a patty but may also have a bun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium_and_Netherlands">Belgium and Netherlands</h3></div> <p>Throughout Belgium and in some eateries in the Netherlands, a Bicky Burger is sold that combines pork, chicken, and horse meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Steves2015_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steves2015-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith2008_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2008-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hamburger, usually fried, is served between a bun, sprinkled with sesame seeds. It often comes with a specific <i>Bickysaus</i> (Bicky dressing) made with mayonnaise, mustard, cabbage, and onion.<sup id="cite_ref-Steves2015_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steves2015-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unusual_hamburgers">Unusual hamburgers</h2></div> <ul><li>In May 2012, Serendipity 3 was recognized as the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> holder for serving the world's most expensive hamburger, the $295 Le Burger Extravagant.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At $499, the world's largest hamburger commercially available weighs 185.8 pounds (84.3 kg) and is sold at <a href="/wiki/Mallie%27s_Sports_Grill_%26_Bar" title="Mallie's Sports Grill & Bar">Mallie's Sports Grill & Bar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Michigan" title="Southgate, Michigan">Southgate, Michigan</a>. Called the "Absolutely Ridiculous Burger", it takes about 12 hours to prepare. It was cooked and adjudicated on May 30, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A $777 <a href="/wiki/Kobe_beef" title="Kobe beef">Kobe beef</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_lobster" title="American lobster">Maine lobster</a> burger, topped with caramelized onion, Brie cheese, and prosciutto, was reported available at Le Burger Brasserie, inside the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Las_Vegas" title="Paris Las Vegas">Paris Las Vegas</a> casino.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 5, 2013, the first hamburger from a meat lab grown from cow stem cells was served. The hamburger was the result of research in the Netherlands led by Mark Post at <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_University" title="Maastricht University">Maastricht University</a> and sponsored by Google's co-founder <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slang">Slang</h2></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/$100_hamburger" title="$100 hamburger">$100 hamburger</a>" ("hundred-dollar hamburger") is aviation slang for a <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> pilot needing an excuse to fly. A $100 hamburger trip typically involves flying a short distance (less than two hours), eating at an airport restaurant, and flying home.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Patty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_sandwich" title="Chicken sandwich">Chicken sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_nugget" title="Chicken nugget">Chicken nugget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frikadelle" title="Frikadelle">Frikadelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frikandel" title="Frikandel">Frikandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_kebab" title="Bun kebab">Bun kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">List of hamburgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburger_restaurants" title="List of hamburger restaurants">List of hamburger restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sandwiches" title="List of sandwiches">List of sandwiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_grinder" title="Meat grinder">Meat grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">Pljeskavica</a> – a traditional <a href="/wiki/Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> meal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_steak" title="Salisbury steak">Salisbury steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Steak tartare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe" title="Sloppy joe">Sloppy joe</a> – Variety of sandwich made with ground meat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sandwich" title="Steak sandwich">Steak sandwich</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015123905/https://therec.io/the-history-of-the-burger/">"The history of the burger"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therec.io/the-history-of-the-burger/">the original</a> on October 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+burger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherec.io%2Fthe-history-of-the-burger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRella2021" class="citation web cs1">Rella, Emily (December 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/burger-king-is-selling-iconic-menu-item-for-less-than-a/400690">"Burger King Is Selling Iconic Menu Item for Less Than a Dollar"</a>. <i>Entrepreneur</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entrepreneur&rft.atitle=Burger+King+Is+Selling+Iconic+Menu+Item+for+Less+Than+a+Dollar&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft.aulast=Rella&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.entrepreneur.com%2Fbusiness-news%2Fburger-king-is-selling-iconic-menu-item-for-less-than-a%2F400690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-mac-is-50-but-mcdonalds-sticks-with-burger/">"Big Mac is 50, but McDonald's sticks with aging icon - CBS News"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. July 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Big+Mac+is+50%2C+but+McDonald%27s+sticks+with+aging+icon+-+CBS+News&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbig-mac-is-50-but-mcdonalds-sticks-with-burger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=hamburger">"hamburger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=hamburger&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dhamburger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/burger">Burger</a> <i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unilever-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unilever_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unilever_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209073308/https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au/chef-inspiration/trends-on-plate/americana/pick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html">"Recipes for tasty, crunchy & saucy American style sandwiches"</a>. <i>Unilever Food Solutions</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au/chef-inspiration/trends-on-plate/americana/pick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html">the original</a> on February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Expect a blank look if you're in the States and ask for a chicken burger 'cause they ain't got a clue what the hell you're talking about... It's just what we call burgers, which Americans call sandwiches...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unilever+Food+Solutions&rft.atitle=Recipes+for+tasty%2C+crunchy+%26+saucy+American+style+sandwiches&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au%2Fchef-inspiration%2Ftrends-on-plate%2Famericana%2Fpick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://punkee.com.au/australian-food-names-different-other-countries/127082">"14 Names Other Countries Have For Food That Will Confuse Every Aussie"</a>. <i>Punkee</i>. July 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Punkee&rft.atitle=14+Names+Other+Countries+Have+For+Food+That+Will+Confuse+Every+Aussie&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpunkee.com.au%2Faustralian-food-names-different-other-countries%2F127082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy2018-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murphy2018_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2018" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Lynne (March 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uh69DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT209"><i>The Prodigal Tongue: The Love–Hate Relationship Between British and American English</i></a>. Oneworld Publications. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78607-270-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78607-270-2"><bdi>978-1-78607-270-2</bdi></a>. <q>...the British are so particular about sandwiches that they use the word <i>less</i> than Americans do. In Britain, a <i><b>sandwich</b></i> is some filing between two <i>slices of bread</i>. Not a roll. Not a bagel. Not a baguette. Without sliced bread, it's not a sandwich. The American <i>sandwich</i> prototype is much like the British: savoury filings within two slices of bread. However, American sandwiches are allowed to wander further from the prototype because they interpret the 'bread' requirement more loosely. An American sandwich can be on a roll, on a bagel, on a bun, on a croissant, and at breakfast time, on an English muffin...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prodigal+Tongue%3A+The+Love%E2%80%93Hate+Relationship+Between+British+and+American+English&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft.isbn=978-1-78607-270-2&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duh69DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcWilliams2012" class="citation book cs1">McWilliams, Mark (April 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VritIGJ5f48C"><i>The Story behind the Dish: Classic American Foods: Classic American Foods</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313385100" title="Special:BookSources/9780313385100"><bdi>9780313385100</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+behind+the+Dish%3A+Classic+American+Foods%3A+Classic+American+Foods&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft.isbn=9780313385100&rft.aulast=McWilliams&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVritIGJ5f48C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11005595?page=83">"Neuester, vollständiger Führer durch Hamburg, Altona und Umgegend : Mit Berücksichtigung von Kiel, Helgoland, Lübeck und Travemünde. 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McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harmon-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harmon_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John E. 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Grace (January 15, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metnews.com/articles/2004/reminiscing011504.htm">Old Menus Tell the History of Hamburgers in L.A.</a> metnews.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHogan1997" class="citation book cs1">Hogan, David Gerard (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PT6s4ZbznHMC&q=Samuel+V.+Blair+Kewpee&pg=PA50"><i>Selling 'Em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food</i></a> (1st ed.). NYU Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">52–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814735671" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814735671"><bdi>978-0814735671</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+%27Em+by+the+Sack%3A+White+Castle+and+the+Creation+of+American+Food&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0814735671&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=David+Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPT6s4ZbznHMC%26q%3DSamuel%2BV.%2BBlair%2BKewpee%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/white-castle-system-inc">"Hoover's Company Profiles: White Castle System, Inc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Answers.com" title="Answers.com">Answers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoover%27s+Company+Profiles%3A+White+Castle+System%2C+Inc.&rft.pub=Answers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Fwhite-castle-system-inc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBS-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SBS_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHogan1997" class="citation book cs1">Hogan, David Gerard (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PT6s4ZbznHMC&q=Samuel+V.+Blair+Kewpee&pg=PA50"><i>Selling 'Em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food</i></a> (1st ed.). NYU Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">52–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814735671" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814735671"><bdi>978-0814735671</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+%27Em+by+the+Sack%3A+White+Castle+and+the+Creation+of+American+Food&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0814735671&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=David+Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPT6s4ZbznHMC%26q%3DSamuel%2BV.%2BBlair%2BKewpee%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1984/01/15/mcdonalds-chief-ray-kroc-dies/5c5007d4-9cad-4fad-8a7f-08b8a785a33b/">"Ray Kroc Dies - McDonald's company history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ray+Kroc+Dies+-+McDonald%27s+company+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1984%2F01%2F15%2Fmcdonalds-chief-ray-kroc-dies%2F5c5007d4-9cad-4fad-8a7f-08b8a785a33b%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For references, see the literature review in William O. Giles "Method for preparing hamburger patties" <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5484625">U.S. patent 5,484,625</a></span> issued January 16, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-mac-hits-the-big-4-0/">Big Mac Hits The Big 4-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>, February 11, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anatomy_of_a_Burger-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_of_a_Burger_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/10/04/us/20090917-meat.html">"Anatomy of a Burger"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+a+Burger&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2009%2F10%2F04%2Fus%2F20090917-meat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moss-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moss_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoss2009" class="citation news cs1">Moss, Michael (October 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/04/health/04meat.html">"The Burger That Shattered Her Life"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Burger+That+Shattered+Her+Life&rft.date=2009-10-03&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F04%2Fhealth%2F04meat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShanker2024" class="citation web cs1">Shanker, Deena (September 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-26/mcdonald-s-faces-the-end-of-the-cheap-burger-era-as-prices-rise-sales-drop">"The End of the Cheap Burger"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=The+End+of+the+Cheap+Burger&rft.date=2024-09-26&rft.aulast=Shanker&rft.aufirst=Deena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2024-09-26%2Fmcdonald-s-faces-the-end-of-the-cheap-burger-era-as-prices-rise-sales-drop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDA-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USDA_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/ground-beef-and-food-safety/CT_Index">"Ground Beef and Food Safety"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ground+Beef+and+Food+Safety&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsis.usda.gov%2Fwps%2Fportal%2Ffsis%2Ftopics%2Ffood-safety-education%2Fget-answers%2Ffood-safety-fact-sheets%2Fmeat-preparation%2Fground-beef-and-food-safety%2FCT_Index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/news/1998/colorpr.htm">USDA Urges Consumers To Use Food Thermometer When Cooking Ground Beef Patties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903093259/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/news/1998/colorpr.htm">Archived</a> September 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. United States Department of Agriculture Safety and Inspection Service Media Communications Office, August 11, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1gYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA254">"Orange Coast Magazine"</a>. <i>Orange Coast</i>. Emmis Communications: 254. May 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0279-0483">0279-0483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orange+Coast&rft.atitle=Orange+Coast+Magazine&rft.pages=254&rft.date=2007-05&rft.issn=0279-0483&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1gYEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeenan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Seenan, Gerard (October 4, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,1318965,00.html">"Highland schools get Bambi burgers"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Highland+schools+get+Bambi+burgers&rft.date=2004-10-04&rft.aulast=Seenan&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C1318965%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald R. Butters, "Trademark linguistics: Trademarks: Language that one owns," in Malcolm Coulthard, Alison Johnson, <i>The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics</i>, p. 360</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Motz, <i>Hamburger America</i>, 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0762440708" title="Special:BookSources/0762440708">0762440708</a>, p. 17, 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Riggs, <i>Encyclopedia of major marketing campaigns</i>, <b>2</b>:456</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perry-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_D._Perry" title="Catherine D. Perry">Perry, Catherine D.</a> (July 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928003530/https://ecf.moed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/STEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF">"Memorandum and Order: The Steak 'n Shake Company vs. The Burger King Corporation, Case No. 4:04CV525 CDP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court">United States District Court</a>, Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecf.moed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/STEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorandum+and+Order%3A+The+Steak+%27n+Shake+Company+vs.+The+Burger+King+Corporation%2C+Case+No.+4%3A04CV525+CDP&rft.pub=United+States+District+Court%2C+Eastern+District+of+Missouri%2C+Eastern+Division&rft.date=2004-07-07&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Catherine+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecf.moed.uscourts.gov%2Fdocuments%2Fopinions%2FSTEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/steak-n-shake-company-v-burger-king-corporation">(July 7, 2004) 323 F. Supp.2d 983 (E.D. Mo. 2004)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LR66-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LR66_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LR66_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LR66_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Karl_Witzel2007" class="citation book cs1">Michael Karl Witzel, Gyvel Young-Witzel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oq80iaT38k4C&pg=PA210"><i>Legendary Route 66</i></a>. Voyageur Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781616731236" title="Special:BookSources/9781616731236"><bdi>9781616731236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legendary+Route+66&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781616731236&rft.aulast=Michael+Karl+Witzel&rft.aufirst=Gyvel+Young-Witzel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOq80iaT38k4C%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFDLD-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFDLD_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFDLD_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrimerSmith-Porter2005" class="citation book cs1">Brimer, Jeffrey; Smith-Porter, Leslie (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U3imY6hdVgQC&pg=PA109"><i>Annual Franchise and Distribution Law Developments</i></a>. American Bar Association. pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781590314319" title="Special:BookSources/9781590314319"><bdi>9781590314319</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Franchise+and+Distribution+Law+Developments&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781590314319&rft.aulast=Brimer&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Smith-Porter%2C+Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU3imY6hdVgQC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steaknshake.com/">"Steak n Shake | Steakburger & Homemade Milkshakes"</a>. <i>www.steaknshake.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.steaknshake.com&rft.atitle=Steak+n+Shake+%26%23124%3B+Steakburger+%26+Homemade+Milkshakes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.steaknshake.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStone2014" class="citation book cs1">Stone, Martha (August 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZARABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT6"><i>Be Your Own Burger King</i></a>. PJ Group. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Be+Your+Own+Burger+King&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=PJ+Group&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZARABAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croft-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croft_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCroft,_Sara2014" class="citation web cs1">Croft, Sara (October 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indystar.com/story/life/2014/10/09/make-great-steak-burger/16911277/">"Make your own great steak burger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star" title="The Indianapolis Star">The Indianapolis Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indianapolis+Star&rft.atitle=Make+your+own+great+steak+burger&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft.au=Croft%2C+Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indystar.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2F2014%2F10%2F09%2Fmake-great-steak-burger%2F16911277%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLouie2008" class="citation book cs1">Louie, Elaine (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/savoirfarelondon0000loui"><i>London</i></a></span>. New York Review of Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/savoirfarelondon0000loui/page/14">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781892145659" title="Special:BookSources/9781892145659"><bdi>9781892145659</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781892145659&rft.aulast=Louie&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsavoirfarelondon0000loui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbackjoe.com/macho-divertissement/australian-places-and-general-travel/steak-sandwich/">"Steak Sandwich Around Australia"</a>. <i>Outback Joe</i>. April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outback+Joe&rft.atitle=Steak+Sandwich+Around+Australia&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutbackjoe.com%2Fmacho-divertissement%2Faustralian-places-and-general-travel%2Fsteak-sandwich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kearney-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kearney_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kearney_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kearney_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKearney,_Syd2014" class="citation web cs1">Kearney, Syd (May 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/entertainment/restaurants-bars/article/One-great-dish-Signature-Steak-Burger-at-La-Casa-5449167.php">"One great dish: Signature Steak Burger at La Casa del Caballo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=One+great+dish%3A+Signature+Steak+Burger+at+La+Casa+del+Caballo&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft.au=Kearney%2C+Syd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fentertainment%2Frestaurants-bars%2Farticle%2FOne-great-dish-Signature-Steak-Burger-at-La-Casa-5449167.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Efo_YpMVL0C&pg=PA99"><i>The Little Black Book of Burgers</i></a>. Peter Pauper Press, Inc. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1441300409" title="Special:BookSources/978-1441300409"><bdi>978-1441300409</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Black+Book+of+Burgers&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Peter+Pauper+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.isbn=978-1441300409&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Efo_YpMVL0C%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMotz2011" class="citation book cs1">Motz, George (May 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rdgfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA41"><i>Hamburger America</i></a>. Running Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">41–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762440702" title="Special:BookSources/9780762440702"><bdi>9780762440702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamburger+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.isbn=9780762440702&rft.aulast=Motz&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrdgfAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XkkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20-IA3"><i>Life</i></a>. November 10, 1967. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life&rft.pages=83&rft.date=1967-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXkkEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA20-IA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARDBCL-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARDBCL_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARDBCL_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4OZCKtzM3ZkC&pg=PA1075"><i>Annual Review of Developments in Business and Corporate Litigation</i></a>. American Bar Association. 2006. pp. <span class="nowrap">1075–</span>1076. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781590315460" title="Special:BookSources/9781590315460"><bdi>9781590315460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Review+of+Developments+in+Business+and+Corporate+Litigation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1075-%3C%2Fspan%3E1076&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781590315460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4OZCKtzM3ZkC%26pg%3DPA1075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFA.V._Club2009" class="citation book cs1">A.V. Club (October 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=70vSvQwG4vAC&pg=PA186"><i>Inventory</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439109892" title="Special:BookSources/9781439109892"><bdi>9781439109892</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventory&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft.isbn=9781439109892&rft.au=A.V.+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D70vSvQwG4vAC%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevine2011" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Ed (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8vhbo4so_0C&pg=PA80"><i>Serious Eats</i></a>. Clarkson Potter. pp. <span class="nowrap">80–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307720870" title="Special:BookSources/9780307720870"><bdi>9780307720870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serious+Eats&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.pub=Clarkson+Potter&rft.date=2011-11&rft.isbn=9780307720870&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE8vhbo4so_0C%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2011" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Peter (August 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhNkcSYS1OwC&pg=PA96"><i>Brit at the Ballpark</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mynewsdesk&rft.atitle=Danmarks+f%C3%B8rste+b%C3%B8fsandwich+fylder+70&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mynewsdesk.com%2Fdk%2Fdyrehavsbakken%2Fpressreleases%2Fdanmarks-foerste-boefsandwich-fylder-70-2862780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meyers.dk/opskrifter/flaeskestegssandwich/p/71518/">"Flæskestegssandwich | Vores opskrift på den bedste flæskestegssandwich"</a>. <i>meyers.dk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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En.recidemia.com (July 15, 2012). Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steves2015-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steves2015_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steves2015_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteves2015" class="citation book cs1">Steves, Rick (2015). <i>Rick Steves Belgium: Bruges, Brussels, Antwerp & Ghent</i>. 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London: Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1861896315" title="Special:BookSources/978-1861896315"><bdi>978-1861896315</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Global+Burger&rft.btitle=Hamburger+a+global+history&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1861896315&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781861893901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burgerweekly.com/serendipity-3">"Serendipity 3 - Burger Weekly"</a>. <i>Burger Weekly</i>. June 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Burger+Weekly&rft.atitle=Serendipity+3+-+Burger+Weekly&rft.date=2013-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burgerweekly.com%2Fserendipity-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090607045816/http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available/blog/334882/7691.html?b=">"Largest hamburger commercially available"</a>. <i>guinnessworldrecords.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available/blog/334882/7691.html?b=">the original</a> on June 7, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guinnessworldrecords.com&rft.atitle=Largest+hamburger+commercially+available&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.guinnessworldrecords.com%2F_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available%2Fblog%2F334882%2F7691.html%3Fb%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUngerleider2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ungerleider, Neal (June 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612034104/http://www.forbestraveler.com/food-drink/best-burgers-2009-story.html">"10 Most Expensive Hamburgers"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbestraveler.com/food-drink/best-burgers-2009-story.html?">the original</a> on June 12, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=10+Most+Expensive+Hamburgers&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.aulast=Ungerleider&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbestraveler.com%2Ffood-drink%2Fbest-burgers-2009-story.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23576143">"World's first lab-grown burger is eaten in London"</a>. BBC. August 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World%27s+first+lab-grown+burger+is+eaten+in+London&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-23576143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Preusch (October 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/travel/escapes/26burger.html?pagewanted=all&_moc.semityn.levart">Cleared for Lunching: The $100 Hamburger</a>. NY Times.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen2004" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Beth (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goodhousekeeping0000unse_i5a8"><i>Great American Classics Cookbook</i></a></span>. New York: Hearst Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58816-280-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58816-280-9"><bdi>978-1-58816-280-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+American+Classics+Cookbook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hearst+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58816-280-9&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoodhousekeeping0000unse_i5a8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarber2004" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Katherine, ed. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianoxforddi0000unse_f6g8"><i>The Canadian Oxford Dictionary</i></a></span> (Second ed.). Toronto: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-541816-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-541816-6"><bdi>0-19-541816-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Oxford+Dictionary&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-541816-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadianoxforddi0000unse_f6g8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdge2005" class="citation book cs1">Edge, John T. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge"><i>Hamburgers & Fries: An American Story</i></a></span>. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-15274-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-15274-0"><bdi>978-0-399-15274-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamburgers+%26+Fries%3A+An+American+Story&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-399-15274-0&rft.aulast=Edge&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhamburgersfriesa00edge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span> History and origins of the hamburger.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Andrew (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901/"><i>Hamburger: A Global History</i></a></span>. London: Reaktion Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901/page/128">128</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-390-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-390-1"><bdi>978-1-86189-390-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamburger%3A+A+Global+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-390-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781861893901%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrager1997" class="citation book cs1">Trager, James (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foodchronologyfo0000trag"><i>The Food Chronology: A Food Lover's Compendium of Events and Anecdotes, from Prehistory to the Present</i></a></span>. New York: Aurum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-5247-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-5247-3"><bdi>978-0-8050-5247-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Food+Chronology%3A+A+Food+Lover%27s+Compendium+of+Events+and+Anecdotes%2C+from+Prehistory+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-5247-3&rft.aulast=Trager&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoodchronologyfo0000trag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolger2010" class="citation book cs1">Volger, Lukas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6_vWCwAAQBAJ"><i>Veggie Burgers Every Which Day: Fresh, Flavorful and Healthy Vegan and Vegetarian Burgers—Plus Toppings, Sides, Buns and More</i></a>. New York: The Experiment. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61519-019-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61519-019-5"><bdi>978-1-61519-019-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Veggie+Burgers+Every+Which+Day%3A+Fresh%2C+Flavorful+and+Healthy+Vegan+and+Vegetarian+Burgers%E2%80%94Plus+Toppings%2C+Sides%2C+Buns+and+More&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Experiment&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61519-019-5&rft.aulast=Volger&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6_vWCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamburger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">27</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="1604" data-mwtitle="Hamburger.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Hamburger.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Hamburger.ogg/Hamburger.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburger.ogg" title="File:Hamburger.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 19 August 2019<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2019-8-19</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hamburgers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hamburgers">Hamburgers</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/hamburger" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/hamburger"><i>hamburger</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Hamburger" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Hamburger">Hamburger</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hamburgers206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hamburgers" title="Template:Hamburgers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hamburgers" title="Template talk:Hamburgers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamburgers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hamburgers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hamburgers206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamburgers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angus_burger" title="Angus burger">Angus burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_burger" title="Buffalo burger">Buffalo burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_burger" title="Butter burger">Butter burger</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8fsandwich" title="Bøfsandwich">Bøfsandwich</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_burger" title="Chili burger">Chili burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chori_burger" title="Chori burger">Chori burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Boy_(hamburger)" title="Fat Boy (hamburger)">Fat Boy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdog" title="Hamdog">Hamdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jucy_Lucy" title="Jucy Lucy">Jucy/Juicy Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burger" title="Luther Burger">Luther Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Naan burger">Naan burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_melt" title="Patty melt">Patty melt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramly_Group#Ramly_Burger" title="Ramly Group">Ramly burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_burger" title="Rice burger">Rice burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(sandwich)" title="Slider (sandwich)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slopper" title="Slopper">Slopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugburger" title="Slugburger">Slugburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh_burger" title="Tempeh burger">Tempeh burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheeseburger.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A cheeseburger"><img alt="A cheeseburger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cheeseburger.png/100px-Cheeseburger.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cheeseburger.png/150px-Cheeseburger.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cheeseburger.png/200px-Cheeseburger.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brand name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_Deluxe" title="Bacon Deluxe">Bacon Deluxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baconator" title="Baconator">Baconator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Classic" title="Big Classic">Big Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_King" title="Big King">Big King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac" title="Big Mac">Big Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_N%27_Tasty" title="Big N' Tasty">Big N' Tasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burger_King_premium_burgers" title="Burger King premium burgers">Burger King premium burgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_Deluxe_line" title="McDonald's Deluxe line">McDonald's Deluxe line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Burger" title="Office Burger">Office Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_Pounder" title="Quarter Pounder">Quarter Pounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Burger" title="Spice Burger">Spice Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whopper" title="Whopper">Whopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollibee#Yumburger" title="Jollibee">Yumburger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger" title="History of the hamburger">History of the hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger_in_the_United_States" title="History of the hamburger in the United States">History of the hamburger in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburger_restaurants" title="List of hamburger restaurants">List of hamburger restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">List of hamburgers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Patty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_steak" title="Salisbury steak">Salisbury steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe" title="Sloppy joe">Sloppy joe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hamburgers_(food)" title="Category:Hamburgers (food)">Category: Hamburgers (food)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sandwiches248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sandwiches" title="Template:Sandwiches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sandwiches" title="Template talk:Sandwiches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sandwiches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sandwiches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sandwiches248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwiches</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_sandwiches" title="List of sandwiches">List of sandwiches</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_sandwich" title="Fish sandwich">Fish</a> and seafood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bake_and_shark" title="Bake and shark">Bake and shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fischbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Fischbrötchen">Fischbrötchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_finger_sandwich" title="Fish finger sandwich">Fish finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_roll" title="Lobster roll">Lobster roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_bagnat" title="Pan bagnat">Pan bagnat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawn_roll" title="Prawn roll">Prawn roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon burger">Salmon burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_over_Gudhjem" title="Sol over Gudhjem">Sol over Gudhjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_fish_sandwich" title="Tuna fish sandwich">Tuna fish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">Bánh mì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sandwich" title="Barbecue sandwich">Barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauru_(sandwich)" title="Bauru (sandwich)">Bauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_sandwich" title="Bologna sandwich">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_kebab" title="Bun kebab">Bun kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chacarero" title="Chacarero">Chacarero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_sandwich" title="Chicken sandwich">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fillet_roll" title="Chicken fillet roll">Chicken fillet roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivito_(sandwich)" title="Chivito (sandwich)">Chivito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorip%C3%A1n" title="Choripán">Choripán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_sandwich" title="Club sandwich">Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cudighi" title="Cudighi">Cudighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagwood_sandwich" title="Dagwood sandwich">Dagwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_burger" title="Donkey burger">Donkey burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesinha" title="Francesinha">Francesinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesinha_poveira" title="Francesinha poveira">Francesinha poveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_brain_sandwich" title="Fried brain sandwich">Fried-brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_bao" class="mw-redirect" title="Gua bao">Gua bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyros_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyros (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdog" title="Hamdog">Hamdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibarito" title="Jibarito">Jibarito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_roll" title="Kati roll">Kati roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsu-sando" title="Katsu-sando">Katsu-sando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottenbutter" title="Kottenbutter">Kottenbutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Italian_sandwich" title="Maine Italian sandwich">Maine Italian sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball_sandwich" title="Meatball sandwich">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medianoche" title="Medianoche">Medianoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe_(New_Jersey)" title="Sloppy joe (New Jersey)">New Jersey sloppy joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Num_pang" title="Num pang">Num pang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panuozzo" title="Panuozzo">Panuozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepito_(sandwich)" title="Pepito (sandwich)">Pepito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%27_boy" title="Po' boy">Po' boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redonkadonk" title="Redonkadonk">Redonkadonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_(wrap)" title="Roti (wrap)">Roti (wrap)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_sandwich" title="Sailor sandwich">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooter%27s_sandwich" title="Shooter's sandwich">Shooter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(sandwich)" title="Slider (sandwich)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d" title="Smørrebrød">Smørrebrød</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiedie" title="Spiedie">Spiedie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_sandwich" title="St. Paul sandwich">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strammer_Max" title="Strammer Max">Strammer Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_sandwich" title="Submarine sandwich">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta#Mexican_sandwich" title="Torta">Torta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_ahogada" title="Torta ahogada">Torta ahogada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurstbrot" title="Wurstbrot">Wurstbrot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beef</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barros_Luco" title="Barros Luco">Barros Luco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_on_weck" title="Beef on weck">Beef on weck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesesteak" title="Cheesesteak">Cheesesteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_cheese" title="Chopped cheese">Chopped cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef_sandwich" title="Corned beef sandwich">Corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_sandwich" title="Denver sandwich">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dip" title="French dip">French dip</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamburger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">List of hamburgers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_beef" title="Italian beef">Italian beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_smoked_meat" title="Montreal-style smoked meat">Montreal-style smoked meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami_on_rye" title="Pastrami on rye">Pastrami on rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_melt" title="Patty melt">Patty melt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_sandwich" title="Reuben sandwich">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_beef_sandwich" title="Roast beef sandwich">Roast beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndwich_de_milanesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sándwich de milanesa">Sándwich de milanesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe" title="Sloppy joe">Sloppy joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Steak burger">Steak burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sandwich" title="Steak sandwich">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern_sandwich" title="Tavern sandwich">Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_toast" title="Tongue toast">Tongue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ham and<br />pork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ham_sandwich" title="Ham sandwich">Ham sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_sandwich" title="Bacon sandwich">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barros_Jarpa" title="Barros Jarpa">Barros Jarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLT" title="BLT">BLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croque_monsieur" title="Croque monsieur">Croque monsieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_sandwich" title="Cuban sandwich">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A6skesteg" title="Flæskesteg">Flæskesteg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_Gold_Loaf" title="Fool's Gold Loaf">Fool's Gold Loaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_and_egg_bun" title="Ham and egg bun">Ham and egg bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_salad" title="Ham salad">Ham salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon-beurre" title="Jambon-beurre">Jambon-beurre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuita_(sandwich)" title="Jesuita (sandwich)">Jesuita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristo_sandwich" title="Monte Cristo sandwich">Monte Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">Porchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_chop_bun" title="Pork chop bun">Pork chop bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_tenderloin_sandwich" title="Pork tenderloin sandwich">Pork tenderloin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sincronizada" title="Sincronizada">Sincronizada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast_Hawaii" title="Toast Hawaii">Toast Hawaii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sausage_sandwich" title="Sausage sandwich">Sausage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweiger_(sausage)" title="Braunschweiger (sausage)">Braunschweiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_roll" title="Breakfast roll">Breakfast roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverwurst" title="Liverwurst">Liverwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Street_Polish" title="Maxwell Street Polish">Maxwell Street Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_roll" title="Morning roll">Morning roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortadella_sandwich_(Brazilian_version)" title="Mortadella sandwich (Brazilian version)">Mortadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Boy" title="Polish Boy">Polish Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porilainen" title="Porilainen">Porilainen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_sausage_in_large_sausage" title="Small sausage in large sausage">Small sausage in large sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_toast" title="Bagel toast">Bagel toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_bean_sandwich" title="Baked bean sandwich">Baked bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_sandwich" title="Cucumber sandwich">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabeli" title="Dabeli">Dabeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_sandwich" title="Egg sandwich">Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettuce_sandwich" title="Lettuce sandwich">Lettuce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich" title="Peanut butter and jelly sandwich">Peanut butter and jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_sandwich" title="Tea sandwich">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sandwich" title="Tomato sandwich">Tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_sandwich" title="Vegetable sandwich">Vegetable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cheese_sandwich" title="Cheese sandwich">Cheese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrozza_(sandwich)" title="Carrozza (sandwich)">Carrozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheese dream">Cheese dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_on_toast" title="Cheese on toast">Cheese on toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grilled_cheese" title="Grilled cheese">Grilled cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melt_sandwich" title="Melt sandwich">Melt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebete" title="Pebete">Pebete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open_sandwich" title="Open sandwich">Open</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_toast" title="Avocado toast">Avocado toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterbrot" title="Butterbrot">Butterbrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canap%C3%A9" title="Canapé">Canapé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crudo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Crudo alemán">Crudo alemán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyrl%C3%A6gens_natmad" title="Dyrlægens natmad">Dyrlægens natmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_sandwich" title="Gerber sandwich">Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_sandwich" title="Horseshoe sandwich">Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollete" title="Mollete">Mollete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisjes" title="Muisjes">Muisjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblo%C5%BEen%C3%A9_chleb%C3%AD%C4%8Dky" class="mw-redirect" title="Obložené chlebíčky">Obložené chlebíčky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d" title="Smørrebrød">Smørrebrød</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapiekanka" title="Zapiekanka">Zapiekanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghani_burger" title="Afghani burger">Afghani burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocadillo" title="Bocadillo">Bocadillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich" title="Breakfast sandwich">Breakfast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon,_egg_and_cheese_sandwich" title="Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich">Bacon, egg and cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemita" title="Cemita">Cemita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichurri_burger" title="Chimichurri burger">Chimichurri burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_butty" title="Chip butty">Chip butty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_mein_sandwich" title="Chow mein sandwich">Chow mein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisp_sandwich" title="Crisp sandwich">Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut_sandwich" title="Doughnut sandwich">Doughnut sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatsby_(sandwich)" title="Gatsby (sandwich)">Gatsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajolota" title="Guajolota">Guajolota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_sandwich" title="Ice cream sandwich">Ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_sandwich_(food)" title="Jam sandwich (food)">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitraillette" title="Mitraillette">Mitraillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother-in-law_(sandwich)" title="Mother-in-law (sandwich)">Mother-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambazo" title="Pambazo">Pambazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich" title="Peanut butter and jelly sandwich">Peanut butter and jelly sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter,_banana_and_bacon_sandwich" title="Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich">Peanut butter, banana and bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistolette" title="Pistolette">Pistolette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_sandwich" title="Pocket sandwich">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_bakar" title="Roti bakar">Roti bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwiches_de_miga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandwiches de miga">Sandwiches de miga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_sandwich" title="Spaghetti sandwich">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatlo" title="Spatlo">Spatlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast_sandwich" title="Toast sandwich">Toast sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramezzino" title="Tramezzino">Tramezzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trancapecho" title="Trancapecho">Trancapecho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(food)" title="Wrap (food)">Wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-caboquinho" title="X-caboquinho">X-caboquinho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich_bread" title="Sandwich bread">Sandwich bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich_loaf" title="Sandwich loaf">Sandwich loaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_and_sandwich" title="Soup and sandwich">Soup and sandwich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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