CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>浊上变去 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"0ca19ffd-acc5-4f13-b590-8df215c60737","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"濁上變去","wgTitle":"濁上變去","wgCurRevisionId":77393801,"wgRevisionId":77393801,"wgArticleId":3042998,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["语言学","漢語音韻學","方言學"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh-sg","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh-sg","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"濁上變去","wgRelevantArticleId":3042998,"wgUserVariant":"zh-sg","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-my","zh-hans","zh-cn"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11148125","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options": "loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});mw.user.options.set({"language":"zh-sg","variant":"zh-sg"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh-sg&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh-sg&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh-sg&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh-sg&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="浊上变去 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-濁上變去 rootpage-濁上變去 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh-hans.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh-hans.svg" width="102" height="14" style="width: 6.375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh-sg" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-sg" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-sg" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh-sg"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-sg" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-sg" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-时间" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#时间"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>时间</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-时间-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-范围" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#范围"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>范围</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-范围-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-例字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#例字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>例字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-例字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">浊上变去</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。2种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%89%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上変去 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="濁上変去" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上變去 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="濁上變去" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11148125#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">新加坡简体</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="selected ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&oldid=77393801" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&id=77393801&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh-sg%2F%25E6%25BF%2581%25E4%25B8%258A%25E8%25AE%258A%25E5%258E%25BB"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh-sg%2F%25E6%25BF%2581%25E4%25B8%258A%25E8%25AE%258A%25E5%258E%25BB"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11148125" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"><p><b>浊上变去</b>（浊上归去）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a>和汉语<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="方言学">方言学</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="术语">术语</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="声调">声调</a>变化的三种主要现象之一，指<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="全浊">全浊</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="上声">上声</a>字改读<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E8%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="去声">去声</a>（而<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="次浊">次浊</a>上字声调和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清浊音">清</a>上字相同）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="时间"><span id=".E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4"></span>时间</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：时间"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>浊上变去很早出现，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">汉</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD" title="三国">魏</a>时期就可以找到痕迹<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="晚唐">晚唐</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B6%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李涪（页面不存在）">李涪</a>《切韵刊误》云：“吴音乖舛，不亦甚乎！上声为去，去声为上。”指出“辩、舅、皓”等字《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="切韵">切韵</a>》归上声不妥。李氏以《切韵》为吴音固然谬误，但透露出《切韵》的全浊声母上声字在李氏<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>里已变为去声<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。明确把全浊上声字跟有关的去声字看成是同音字而编排在一起的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="元代">元代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%85" title="周德清">周德清</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5" title="中原音韵">中原音韵</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="范围"><span id=".E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4"></span>范围</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：范围"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>浊上变去现象在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A3%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="赣语">赣语</a>、大部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a>中都很规律；而<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>则多保留阳上调类，或古全浊上字和次浊上字的白读音有共同演变行为，但不一定单独成调类，如客家话古浊上字的白读音多并入阴平；北部吴语古浊上字的白读音多归阳去；建阳阳上归阴去，闽南阳上归阳去，沙溪阳上归阳入，闽北大部阳上根据声母类型派入阴去、阳去、阳入甚至阴平。一些学者就以浊上变去现象的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%A8%80%E7%B7%9A" title="同言线">同言线</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">汉语七大方言</a>的一项分组依据<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>例如<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="4%">汉字 </th> <th width="4%">中古音 </th> <th width="5%">汉语拼音 </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%AF%9D" title="北京话">北京话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="扬州话">扬州话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E8%AF%9D" title="长沙话">长沙话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A3%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="赣语">赣语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%98%8C%E8%AF%9D" title="南昌话">南昌话</a> </th> <th width="7.5%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东安话（页面不存在）">东安话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="苏州话">苏州话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="温州话">温州话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="潮州话">潮州话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%BF%E8%AF%9D" title="梅县话">梅县话</a> </th> <th width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话">广州话</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>岛 </th> <td>清上 </td> <td>dǎo </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tau<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tɔ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tau</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tau</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>təu</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tæ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tɜ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tau</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tɔ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>tou</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>老 </th> <td>次浊上 </td> <td>lǎo </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>lau</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>lɔ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>lau</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>lau<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>lei</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">læ<sup>⊇</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊆</sup>lɜ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊆</sup>lau（白读）</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lau<sup>⊃</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊆</sup>lou</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>道 </th> <td>全浊上 </td> <td>dào </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tau<sup>⊃</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tɔ<sup>⊃</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tau<sup>⊇</sup></span>（白读） </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰau<sup>⊇</sup></span>／<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tau<sup>⊃</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊂</sup>dəu</span>（白读） </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">dæ<sup>⊇</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊆</sup>dɜ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><sup>⊆</sup>tau</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰau<sup>⊃</sup></span>／<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tau<sup>⊃</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tou<sup>⊇</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="4">全浊上“道”今读去声或阳去，次浊上“老”并入清上。 </td> <td colspan="6">全浊上“道”或仍读阳上；或变为去声或阳去，但和次浊上“老”为平行变化。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="例字"><span id=".E4.BE.8B.E5.AD.97"></span>例字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：例字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下是一些在古代属全浊声母上声（据泽存堂本《广韵》），在现代汉语普通话读去声的例字。 </p><p>並母：並　部　倍　抱　被　 </p><p>奉母：奉　妇　父　犯　范　 </p><p>定母：杜　稻　动　荡　弟　 </p><p>澄母：重　赵　杖　丈　兆　 </p><p>从母：在　坐　静　造　聚　 </p><p>邪母：象　像　祀　序　似　 </p><p>崇母：士　仕　柿　撰　馔　 </p><p>船母：葚（船母以平声为主，且上声常不变去，常见字不多） </p><p>禅母：上　受　是　善　甚　 </p><p>群母：巨　件　近　技　拒　 </p><p>匣母：下　后（包括“後”）　户　旱　幸　 </p><p>这条规律也有少数反例，如“缓”本是匣母上声，现代汉语普通话仍读上声；“揆”本是群母上声，现代汉语普通话读阳平；“会”本是匣母去声，现代粤语广州话有阳上一音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">罗邦柱主编. 古汉语知识辞典. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社. 1988: 93. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7307003481" title="Special:网络书源/7307003481"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7307003481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E7%BD%97%E9%82%A6%E6%9F%B1+%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7307003481&rft.pages=93&rft.place=%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89&rft.pub=%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">马文熙等编. 古汉语知识辞典. 北京: 中华书局. 2004: 275. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787101041132" title="Special:网络书源/9787101041132"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787101041132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%87%E7%86%99%E7%AD%89+%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787101041132&rft.pages=275&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">唐作藩. 音韵学教程（第三版）. 北京: 北京大学出版社. 2002: 174. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787301016985" title="Special:网络书源/9787301016985"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787301016985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E5%94%90%E4%BD%9C%E8%97%A9&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787301016985&rft.pages=174&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李小凡、项梦冰编著. 汉语方言学基础教程. 北京: 北京大学出版社. 2009: 134、135. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787301158517" title="Special:网络书源/9787301158517"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787301158517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%8F%E5%87%A1%E3%80%81%E9%A1%B9%E6%A2%A6%E5%86%B0%E7%BC%96%E8%91%97&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787301158517&rft.pages=134%E3%80%81135&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">北京大学中国语言文学系语言学教研室编. 汉语方音字汇（第二版重排本）. 北京: 北京大学出版社. 2003: 360、363. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7801840348" title="Special:网络书源/7801840348"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7801840348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E5%AE%A4%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%B1%87%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%92%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7801840348&rft.pages=360%E3%80%81363&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">汉语方言记录用<sub>⊂</sub>□、<sub>⊆</sub>□、<sup>⊂</sup>□、<sup>⊆</sup>□、□<sup>⊃</sup>、□<sup>⊇</sup>、□<sub>⊃</sub>、□<sub>⊇</sub>分别表示阴平、阳平、阴上、阳上、阴去、阳去、阴入、阳入调。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">另读/<sub>⊂</sub>lau/。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">另读/<sup>⊂</sup>lau/。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考书目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考书目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E4%BD%9C%E8%97%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐作藩（页面不存在）">唐作藩</a>. 音韵学教程（第三版）. 北京: 北京大学出版社. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787301016985" title="Special:网络书源/9787301016985"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787301016985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E5%94%90%E4%BD%9C%E8%97%A9&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787301016985&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">王宁主编. 古代汉语. 北京: 北京出版社. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7200045918" title="Special:网络书源/7200045918"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7200045918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%81+%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7200045918&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a>. 汉语语音史. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787100053907" title="Special:网络书源/9787100053907"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787100053907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787100053907&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">李小凡、项梦冰编著. 汉语方言学基础教程. 北京: 北京大学出版社. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787301158517" title="Special:网络书源/9787301158517"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787301158517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%8F%E5%87%A1%E3%80%81%E9%A1%B9%E6%A2%A6%E5%86%B0%E7%BC%96%E8%91%97&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787301158517&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="汉语音韵学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:汉语音韵学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:汉语音韵学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:汉语音韵学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="汉语音韵学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="汉字注音史">注音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95" title="直音法">直音法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="汉语音节结构">音节结构</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韵)">五音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清浊音">清浊音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="零声母">零声母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">等呼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%88" title="开合">开合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E8%85%B9" title="韵腹">韵腹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" title="舒声韵">舒声韵</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陰聲韻" title="舒声韵">阴声韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陽聲韻" title="舒声韵">阳声韵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入声">入声韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%9F%BB" title="空韵">空韵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="声调">声调</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四声">四声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%80%BC" title="调值">调值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" title="五度标记法">五度标记法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%88%E6%B3%95" title="发圈法">发圈法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E8%AA%BF" title="变调">变调</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2%E5%88%A5%E7%BE%A9" title="四声别义">四声别义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%99%BD%E5%85%A5" title="高阳入">高阳入</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%99%B0%E5%85%A5" title="低阴入">低阴入</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语拼音音节列表">汉语拼音音节列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96#汉语兒化韻表" title="儿化">汉语儿化韵表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古代汉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="上古音">上古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="汉代音系">汉代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E5%A3%B0" title="古四声">古四声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古无轻唇音">古无轻唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古无舌上音">古无舌上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古无正齿音">古无正齿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音无邪纽">古无邪纽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日归泥">娘日归泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三归匣">喻三归匣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四归定">喻四归定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二归精">照二归精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三归知">照三归知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="上古汉语浊辅音韵尾假说">浊辅音韵尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">中古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晋音系">魏晋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="宋代汴洛语音">宋代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="中古声母">中古声母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="等韵学">等韵学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韵书">韵书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="韵图">韵图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%B3%95" title="门法">门法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韵">小韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系联法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="摄">摄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韵">平水韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83" title="十三元">十三元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重纽">重纽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87" title="异文">异文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="对音">对音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="洛阳音">洛阳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="梵汉对音">梵汉对音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="近代汉语">近古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%88%9D%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明初官话音系">明初</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明清官话音系">明清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">现代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖团音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%BF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="平翘音">平翘音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96" title="儿化">儿化音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B5" title="子变韵">子变韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="平分阴阳">平分阴阳</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">浊上变去</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="见系声母二等开口字的演变">见开二的演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">祖语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始汉藏语">原始汉藏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">现代分支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="现代标准汉语音系">标准音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="晋语">晋语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="标准粤语">标准音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="赣语">赣语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="赣语方言">方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="赣语的音韵特征">音韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E8%A9%9E" title="赣语特征词">词汇</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赣语中的古百越语词列表（页面不存在）">古百越词</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赣语中的古吴语词列表（页面不存在）">古吴语词</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赣语中的古楚语词列表（页面不存在）">古楚语词</a>）</li> <li>历史（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古赣语（页面不存在）">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中古赣语">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中世赣语">中世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近世赣语">近世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近代赣语">近代</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E3%80%81%E8%B4%9B%E3%80%81%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA" title="客、赣、通泰方言源于南朝通语说">南朝通语说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="赣客语支">客赣方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粤赣方言">粤赣方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%96%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吴闽方言">吴闽方言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89" title="高本汉">高本汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%85%83%E4%BB%BB" title="赵元任">赵元任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%90%8C%E9%BE%A2" title="董同龢">董同龢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A6%E6%96%B0" title="丁邦新">丁邦新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%84" title="陈新雄">陈新雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%81" title="竺家宁">竺家宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91" title="谢尔盖·阿纳托利耶维奇·斯塔罗斯金">斯塔罗斯京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平">白一平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="蒲立本">蒲立本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到官话的语音演变">从中古汉语到官话的语音演变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变">从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=濁上變去&oldid=77393801">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=濁上變去&oldid=77393801</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:语言学">语言学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:漢語音韻學">汉语音韵学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:方言學">方言学</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="zh-Hans-SG" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2023年5月24日 (星期三) 07:09。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国内税收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB&variant=zh-sg&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-kwcjx","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.299","walltime":"0.347","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1022,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":71454,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":664,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":34079,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 227.810 1 -total"," 42.68% 97.239 1 Template:漢語音韻學"," 41.84% 95.312 1 Template:Navbox"," 37.04% 84.374 9 Template:Cite_book"," 34.83% 79.345 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.89% 22.519 8 Template:Navbox_subgroup"," 6.89% 15.688 32 Template:IPA"," 4.96% 11.289 1 Template:Refbegin"," 1.13% 2.566 1 Template:Refend"," 0.42% 0.948 1 Template:Column-count"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.132","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2699898,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.canary-6594497df4-sbngk","timestamp":"20241122164114","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6fc1\u4e0a\u8b8a\u53bb","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11148125","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11148125","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-09-29T15:19:55Z","dateModified":"2023-05-24T07:09:26Z"}</script> </body> </html>