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Prohibition - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prohibition_worldwide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prohibition_worldwide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prohibition worldwide</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prohibition_worldwide-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prohibition worldwide subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prohibition_worldwide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maldives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maldives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Maldives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maldives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>West Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuwait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuwait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Kuwait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuwait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brunei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brunei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Brunei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brunei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nordic_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordic_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Nordic countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nordic_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>Russian Empire and the Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.1</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prohibition</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84" title="منع الكحول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منع الكحول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirtli_i%C3%A7ki_qada%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Spirtli içki qadağası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Spirtli içki qadağası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ACm-chi%C3%BA-l%C4%93ng" title="Kìm-chiú-lēng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kìm-chiú-lēng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сухі закон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сухі закон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сух режим – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сух режим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_seca" title="Llei seca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei seca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibice" title="Prohibice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prohibice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prohibition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiv_seadus" title="Kuiv seadus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuiv seadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_seca" title="Ley seca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley seca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lege_lehor" title="Lege lehor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lege lehor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%84" title="ممنوعیت الکل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ممنوعیت الکل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prohibition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%BBchlizzing_(alkoholferbod)" title="Drûchlizzing (alkoholferbod) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Drûchlizzing (alkoholferbod)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%A3%BC%EB%B2%95" title="금주법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금주법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bann%C3%A1rin" title="Bannárin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bannárin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A9" title="חוק יובש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוק יובש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მშრალი კანონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მშრალი კანონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Құрғақ заң – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құрғақ заң" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohib%C4%ABcija" title="Prohibīcija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prohibīcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibitioun" title="Prohibitioun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Prohibitioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szesztilalom" title="Szesztilalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szesztilalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Хуурай хууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хуурай хууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drooglegging_(alcoholverbod)" title="Drooglegging (alcoholverbod) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Drooglegging (alcoholverbod)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%85%92%E4%BB%A4" title="禁酒令 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="禁酒令" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbudstiden" title="Forbudstiden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbudstiden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbodstida" title="Forbodstida – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbodstida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicja" title="Prohibicja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prohibicja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_Seca" title="Lei Seca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei Seca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibi%C8%9Bie" title="Prohibiție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prohibiție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сухой закон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухой закон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohib%C3%ADcia" title="Prohibícia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prohibícia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Прохибиција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прохибиција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibicija" title="Prohibicija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prohibicija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieltolaki" title="Kieltolaki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kieltolaki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholf%C3%B6rbud" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about prohibition of alcohol. For prohibition of other drugs, see <a href="/wiki/Drug_prohibition" title="Drug prohibition">Drug prohibition</a>. For the general concept of legal prohibition, see <a href="/wiki/Prohibitionism" title="Prohibitionism">Prohibitionism</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Prohibition (disambiguation)">Prohibition (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/300px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/450px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/600px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>A police raid confiscating illegal alcohol, in <a href="/wiki/James,_Ontario" title="James, Ontario">Elk Lake, Canada</a>, in 1925</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Prohibition</b> is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacture</a>, storage (whether in <a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">barrels</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">bottles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transportation</a>, sale, possession, and consumption of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a>. The word is also used to refer to a period of time during which such bans are enforced. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg/220px-The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg/330px-The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg/440px-The_Drunkard%27s_Progress_-_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>The Drunkard's Progress: A lithograph by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Currier" title="Nathaniel Currier">Nathaniel Currier</a> supporting the temperance movement, January 1846</figcaption></figure> <p>Some kind of limitation on the trade in alcohol can be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1772 BCE</span>) specifically banning the selling of beer for money. It could only be bartered for barley: "If a beer seller do not receive barley as the price for beer, but if she receive money or make the beer a measure smaller than the barley measure received, they shall throw her into the water."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and North America came from moralistic convictions of pietistic Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prohibition movements in the West coincided with the advent of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, with newly empowered women as part of the political process strongly supporting policies that curbed alcohol consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first half of the 20th century saw periods of prohibition of alcoholic beverages in several countries: </p> <ul><li>1918 to 1920: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Prohibition in Canada</a> nationally, as well as in most provinces including: <ul><li>1901 to 1948 in <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1919 to 1919 in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li>1907 to 1992 in the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>; limited private imports from Denmark were allowed from 1928</li> <li>1914 to 1925: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1915 to 1935: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Prohibition in Iceland</a> (wine legal from 1922, but beer still prohibited until 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1916 to 1927 in Norway (fortified wine and beer were also prohibited from 1917 to 1923) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1919 in the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungarian Soviet Republic</a>, March 21 to August 1; called <i>szesztilalom</i></li> <li>1919 to 1932 in Finland (called <i>kieltolaki</i>, "ban law")</li> <li>1920 to 1933: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a></li></ul> <p>After several years, prohibition failed in North America and elsewhere. <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running or bootlegging</a> became widespread, and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> took control of the distribution of alcohol. Distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> flourished as their products were either consumed by visiting Americans or illegally exported to the United States. <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> became notorious as havens for prohibition dodgers during the time known as the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a> – 75% of all alcohol smuggled into the United States crossed the Detroit-<a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prohibition generally came to an end in the late 1920s or early 1930s in most of North America and Europe, although a few locations continued prohibition for many more years. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">some countries</a> where the dominant religion forbids the use of alcohol, the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited or restricted today. For example, in Saudi Arabia and Libya alcohol is banned; in Pakistan and Iran it is illegal with exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally, prohibition is not completely effective, and tends to drive the market <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">underground</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most countries which have maintained long-standing alcohol bans have predominantly Muslim populations whose religious beliefs forbid them from drinking, but the broad popularity of alcohol has meant prohibition is extremely difficult to enforce in most nations. The vast majority of countries which have at one point fully prohibited alcohol have since reversed it. Both the United States and Soviet Union implemented total bans on alcohol only to repeal them after less than 15 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prohibition_worldwide">Prohibition worldwide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prohibition worldwide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alcohol_Prohibition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Alcohol_Prohibition.svg/500px-Alcohol_Prohibition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Alcohol_Prohibition.svg/750px-Alcohol_Prohibition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Alcohol_Prohibition.svg/1000px-Alcohol_Prohibition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>A map of countries with alcohol prohibition.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">British colony of Nigeria</a>, missionary forces demanded prohibition of liquor, which proved highly unpopular. Both Africans and British found illegal supplies such as secret stills, obtaining colonial liquor permits, and smuggling. The experiment began in 1890 and was repealed in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the coronavirus outbreak of 2020, alcohol sales, and even the transportation of alcohol outside of one's home, was made illegal. This order came into effect during the nationwide lockdown on 27 March 2020. The purpose of the ban was intended to prevent drunken fights, reduce domestic violence, stop drunk driving, and eliminate the weekend binge-drinking so prevalent across South Africa. </p><p>Police, medics, and analysts estimate—conservatively—that alcohol is involved in, or responsible for, at least 40% of all emergency hospital admissions. By reducing the number of people within hospitals, and of course within social gatherings, the goal of prohibition was to reduce the rate of transmission, and thus slow the spread of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 study found that the alcohol prohibition reduced injury-induced mortality by at least 14% (a conservative estimate) and sharply reduced violent crime.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sale of alcohol is banned in Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bangladesh, alcohol is somewhat prohibited due to its <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_alcohol#Intoxicants" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and alcohol">proscription in the Islamic faith</a>. The purchase and consumption is still allowed in the country. The <a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a> tribe consume a type of rice beer, and Christians in this country drink and purchase wine for their <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">holy communion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">Alcohol prohibition in India</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_India" title="Temperance movement in India">Temperance movement in India</a></div> <p>In India alcohol is a state subject and individual states can legislate prohibition, but currently most states do not have prohibition and sale/consumption is freely available in 24 out of <a href="/wiki/Indian_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian states">29 states</a>. Prohibition is in force in the states of Mizoram, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>. All other <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a> permit the sale of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Election days and certain national holidays such as <i><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></i> are meant to be <i>dry days</i> when liquor sale is not permitted but consumption is allowed. Some Indian states observe dry days on major religious festivals/occasions depending on the popularity of the festival in that region.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maldives">Maldives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Maldives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> ban the import of alcohol, x-raying all baggage on arrival. Alcoholic beverages are available only to foreign tourists on resort islands and may not be taken off the resort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_India" title="Temperance movement in India">Temperance movement in India</a></div> <p>Pakistan allowed the free sale and consumption of alcohol for three decades from 1947, but restrictions were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> just weeks before he was removed as prime minister in 1977. Since then, only members of non-Muslim minorities such as <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a> are allowed to apply for alcohol permits. The monthly quota is dependent upon one's income, but is actually about five bottles of liquor or 100 bottles of beer. In a country of 180 million, only about 60 outlets are allowed to sell alcohol. The <a href="/wiki/Murree_Brewery" title="Murree Brewery">Murree Brewery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a> was once the only legal brewery, but today there are more. The ban officially is enforced by the country's Islamic Ideology Council, but it is not strictly policed. Members of religious minorities, however, often sell their liquor permits to Muslims as part of a continuing black market trade in alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955 Sri Lanka passed a law prohibiting adult women from buying alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcsri_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcsri-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2018, Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Mangala_Samaraweera" title="Mangala Samaraweera">Mangala Samaraweera</a> announced that the law would be amended, allowing women to legally consume alcohol and work in venues that sell alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcsri_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcsri-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legalization was overruled by President <a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a> several days later.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Asia">West Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: West Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">1979 Islamic Revolution</a>, Muslims are banned from selling and drinking alcohol but some people trade and sell it illegally.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorder2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorder2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Home production by religious minorities (Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians) is legal.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuwait">Kuwait</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Kuwait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The consumption, importation and brewing of, and trafficking in liquor is strictly against the law.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sale, consumption, importation and brewing of, and trafficking in liquor is strictly against the law.<sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yemen">Yemen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Yemen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol is banned in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brunei">Brunei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Brunei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, alcohol consumption and sale is banned in public. Non-Muslims are allowed to purchase a limited amount of alcohol from their point of embarcation overseas for their own private consumption, and non-Muslims who are at least the age of 18 are allowed to bring in not more than two bottles of liquor (about two <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litres</a>) and twelve cans of beer per person into the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol sales are banned in small shops and convenience stores.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korea">Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon period</a>, laws prohibiting the drinking of alcohol were frequently promulgated when there were major droughts, crop failures, or famines.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of such bans was to appease the wrath of heaven, and to save food and money<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (since rice was used to make alcohol). A ban was issued almost every year during <a href="/wiki/Taejong_of_Joseon" title="Taejong of Joseon">King Taejong</a>'s reign and frequently during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Seongjong_of_Joseon" title="Seongjong of Joseon">King Seongjong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yeonsangun_of_Joseon" title="Yeonsangun of Joseon">King Yeonsangun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was banned again, in 1758 (the 34th year of <a href="/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon" title="Yeongjo of Joseon">King Yeongjo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bans usually occurred during spring and summer when the droughts were severe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol is banned only for Muslims in Malaysia due to its Islamic faith and sharia law.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, alcoholic products can easily be found in supermarkets, specialty shops, and convenience stores all over the country. Non-<a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a> restaurants also typically sell alcohol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are only restrictions during elections in the Philippines. Alcohol is prohibited to be sold, furnished, offered, bought, or took two days prior to an election. Hotels and restaurants may secure a prior exemption but even then they are only allowed to serve alcohol to non-Filipino citizens. Private consumption of alcohol hoarded prior to the ban period is tolerated. The Philippine <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Elections">Commission on Elections</a> may opt to extend the liquor ban. In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_general_election" title="2013 Philippine general election">2013 elections</a>, there was a proposal that it be extended to five days. This was overturned by the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other than election-related prohibition, alcohol is freely sold to anyone above the <a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">legal drinking age</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thailand">Thailand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol sales are prohibited during <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">elections</a> from 18:00 the day prior to voting, until the end of the day of voting itself. Alcohol is also prohibited on major <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Thailand" title="Public holidays in Thailand">Buddhist holy days</a>, and sometimes on royal commemoration days, such as birthdays.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thailand also enforces time-limited bans on alcohol on a daily basis. Alcohol can only be legally purchased in stores or restaurants between 11:00–14:00 and 17:00–midnight. The law is enforced by all major retailers (most notably 7-Eleven) and restaurants, but is frequently ignored by the smaller "mom and pop" stores. Hotels and resorts are exempt from the rules. </p><p>The consumption of alcohol is also banned at any time within 200 meters of a filling station (where sale of alcohol is also illegal), schools, temples or hospitals as well as on board any type of road vehicle regardless of whether it is being consumed by the driver or passenger. </p><p>At certain times of the year—Thai New Year (<a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a>) is an example—the government may also enforce arbitrary bans on the sale and consumption of alcohol in specific public areas where large scale festivities are due to take place and large crowds are expected. </p><p>Thailand strictly regulates alcohol advertising, as specified in the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, B.E. 2551 (2008) (ABCA).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sales of alcohol via "electronic channels" (internet) are prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_Czech_Republic_methanol_poisonings" title="2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings">2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings</a></div> <p>On 14 September 2012, the Government of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> banned all sales of alcoholic drinks with more than 20% alcohol. From this date, it was illegal to sell such alcoholic beverages in shops, supermarkets, bars, restaurants, filling stations, <a href="/wiki/E-shop" class="mw-redirect" title="E-shop">e-shops</a>, etc. This measure was taken in response to the wave of <a href="/wiki/Methanol_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Methanol poisoning">methanol poisoning</a> cases resulting in the deaths of 18 people in the Czech Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the beginning of the "<a href="/wiki/2012_Czech_Republic_methanol_poisonings" title="2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings">methanol affair</a>" the total number of deaths has increased to 25. The ban was to be valid until further notice,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though restrictions were eased towards the end of September.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last bans on Czech alcohol with regard to the poisoning cases were lifted on 10 October 2012, when neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> allowed its import once again.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nordic_countries">Nordic countries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Nordic countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, have had a strong <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a> since the late-1800s, closely linked to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">Christian revival</a> movement of the late-nineteenth century, but also to several worker organisations. As an example, in 1910 the temperance organisations in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> had some 330,000 members,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was about 6% of a population of 5.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This heavily influenced the decisions of Nordic politicians in the early 20th century. </p><p>In 1907, the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> passed a law prohibiting all sale of alcohol, which was in force until 1992. Very restricted private importation from Denmark was allowed from 1928 onwards. </p><p>In 1914, Sweden put in place a rationing system, the <a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a>, in force until 1955. A <a href="/wiki/1922_Swedish_prohibition_referendum" title="1922 Swedish prohibition referendum">referendum in 1922</a> rejected an attempt to enforce total prohibition. </p><p>In 1915, <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland instituted total prohibition</a>. The ban for wine was lifted in 1922 and spirits in 1935, but beer remained prohibited until 1989 (circumvented by mixing light beer and spirits). </p><p>In 1916, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> prohibited <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">distilled beverages</a>, and in 1917 the prohibition was extended to also include <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wine</a> and beer. The wine and beer ban was lifted in 1923, and in 1927 <a href="/wiki/1926_Norwegian_continued_prohibition_referendum" title="1926 Norwegian continued prohibition referendum">the ban of distilled beverages was also lifted</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_(musketti.M012-HK10000-2663).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_%28musketti.M012-HK10000-2663%29.jpg/220px-Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_%28musketti.M012-HK10000-2663%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_%28musketti.M012-HK10000-2663%29.jpg/330px-Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_%28musketti.M012-HK10000-2663%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_%28musketti.M012-HK10000-2663%29.jpg/440px-Alkoholin_salakuljettajilta_kieltolain_aikaan_takavarikoitua_saalista_%28musketti.M012-HK10000-2663%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3358" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Confiscated alcohol in Finland c. 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1919, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> enacted prohibition, as one of the first acts after independence from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. Four previous attempts to institute prohibition in the early twentieth century had failed due to opposition from the <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">tsar</a>. After a development similar to the one in the United States during its prohibition, with large-scale <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> and increasing violence and crime rates, public opinion turned against the prohibition, and after a national <a href="/wiki/1931_Finnish_prohibition_referendum" title="1931 Finnish prohibition referendum">referendum</a> where 70% voted for a repeal of the law, prohibition was abolished in early 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, all Nordic countries except Denmark continue to have strict controls on the sale of alcohol, which is highly taxed (dutied) to the public. There are <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly" title="Alcohol monopoly">government monopolies</a> in place for selling spirits, wine, and stronger beers in Norway (<a href="/wiki/Vinmonopolet" title="Vinmonopolet">Vinmonopolet</a>), Finland (<a href="/wiki/Alko" title="Alko">Alko</a>), Sweden (<span title="Swedish-language text"><span lang="sv" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Systembolaget" title="Systembolaget">Systembolaget</a></span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADnb%C3%BA%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Vínbúð">Vínbúðin</a>), and the Faroe Islands (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAsdrekkas%C3%B8la_Landsins" title="Rúsdrekkasøla Landsins">Rúsdrekkasøla Landsins</a>). Bars and restaurants may, however, import alcoholic beverages directly or through other companies. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverages_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic beverages in Sweden">Alcoholic beverages in Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algoth_Niska" title="Algoth Niska">Algoth Niska</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a>, does not share its easier controls on the sale of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenland has (like Denmark) sales in food shops, but prices are typically high. Private import when travelling from Denmark is only allowed in small quantities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union">Russian Empire and the Soviet Union</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Russian Empire and the Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, a limited version of a Dry Law was introduced in 1914. It continued through the turmoil of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution (1917)">Russian Revolution of 1917</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> into the period of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> until 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the sale or consumption of commercial alcohol has never been prohibited by law in the United Kingdom, various groups in the UK have campaigned for the prohibition of alcohol; including the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Friends">Society of Friends</a> (Quakers), <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">The Methodist Church</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">non-conformists</a>, as well as temperance movements such as <a href="/wiki/Hope_UK" title="Hope UK">Band of Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">temperance Chartist</a> movements of the nineteenth century. The village of <a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a> traditionally remains a dry town with no pubs due to the founder <a href="/wiki/John_Cadbury" title="John Cadbury">John Cadbury</a>'s Quaker beliefs and wish for it to remain free of alcohol for the workers at his <a href="/wiki/Cadbury%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury's">Cadbury's</a> chocolate factory.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formed in 1853 and inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Maine_law" title="Maine law">Maine law</a> in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance" title="United Kingdom Alliance">United Kingdom Alliance</a> aimed at promoting a similar law prohibiting the sale of alcohol in the UK. This hard-line group of prohibitionists was opposed by other temperance organisations who preferred moral persuasion to a legal ban. This division in the ranks limited the effectiveness of the temperance movement as a whole. The impotence of legislation in this field was demonstrated when the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sale_of_Beer_Act_1854&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sale of Beer Act 1854 (page does not exist)">Sale of Beer Act 1854</a>, which restricted Sunday opening hours, had to be repealed, following widespread rioting. In 1859, a prototype prohibition bill was overwhelmingly defeated in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 March 1917, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> at a crowded meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hall" title="Queen's Hall">Queen's Hall</a> in London (chaired by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Booth" title="Alfred Booth">Alfred Booth</a>) many influential people including <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Weston" title="Agnes Weston">Agnes Weston</a> spoke, or letters from them were read out, against alcohol consumption, calling for prohibition; General Sir <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hart" title="Reginald Hart">Reginald Hart</a> wrote to the meeting that "Every experienced officer knew that practically all unhappiness and crime in the Army is due to drink". At the meeting, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Channing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Channing">Lord Channing</a> said that it was a pity that the whole <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a> did not follow the example of <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> when in 1914 those two spoke calling for complete prohibition for the duration of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Scrymgeour" title="Edwin Scrymgeour">Edwin Scrymgeour</a> served as Member of Parliament for Dundee between 15 November 1922 and 8 October 1931. He remains the only person to have ever been elected to the House of Commons on a prohibitionist ticket. In 1922, he defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> member <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>; winning the seat for the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prohibition_Party" title="Scottish Prohibition Party">Scottish Prohibition Party</a>, which he had founded in 1901, and for which he had stood for election successfully as a Dundee <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgh_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgh Council (page does not exist)">Burgh Councillor</a> in 1905 and unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate between 1908 and 1922. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Prohibition in Canada</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples in Canada</a> were subject to prohibitory alcohol laws under the <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i> of 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sections of the <i>Indian Act</i> regarding liquor were not repealed for over a hundred years, until 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An official, but non-binding, federal referendum on prohibition was held in 1898. Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier's government chose not to introduce a federal bill on prohibition, mindful of the strong antipathy in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. As a result, Canadian prohibition was instead enacted through laws passed by the provinces during the first twenty years of the 20th century, especially during the 1910s. Canada did, however, enact a national prohibition from 1918 to 1920 as a temporary <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">wartime</a> measure.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the rum-running during prohibition <a href="/wiki/Rum-running_in_Windsor,_Ontario" title="Rum-running in Windsor, Ontario">took place in Windsor, Ontario</a>. The provinces later repealed their prohibition laws, mostly during the 1920s, although some local municipalities remain dry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some communities in the southern Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a> of are under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian socialist">libertarian socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation" title="Zapatista Army of National Liberation">Zapatista Army of National Liberation</a>, and often ban alcohol as part of what was described as "a collective decision". This prohibition has been used by many villages as a way to decrease domestic violence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2017)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> and has generally been favored by women.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prohibition, however, is not recognized by federal Mexican law as the Zapatista movement is strongly opposed by the federal government. </p><p>The sale and purchase of alcohol is prohibited on and the night before certain national holidays, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_Patrias_(Mexico)" title="Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)">Natalicio de Benito Juárez</a></i> (birthdate of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_Patrias_(Mexico)" title="Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)">Día de la Revolución</a></i>, which are meant to be dry nationally. The same "dry law" applies to the days before presidential elections every six years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg/220px-Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg/330px-Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg/440px-Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union_Cartoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>This 1902 illustration from the <i>Hawaiian Gazette</i> shows the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League" title="Anti-Saloon League">Anti-Saloon League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a>'s campaign against beer brewers. The <a href="/wiki/Water_cure_(torture)" title="Water cure (torture)">"water cure"</a> was a form of torture that was in the news because of its use in the Philippines.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prohibition in the United States focused on the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages; exceptions were made for medicinal and religious uses. Alcohol consumption was never illegal under federal law. Nationwide Prohibition did not begin in the United States until January 1920, when the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution</a> went into effect. The 18th amendment was ratified in 1919, and was repealed in December 1933 with the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-first Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concern over excessive alcohol consumption began during the American colonial era, when fines were imposed for drunken behavior and for selling liquor without a license.<sup id="cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlcoholProhibition-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-19th century evangelical Protestants denounced drinking as sinful and demanded the prohibition of the sale of beer, wine and liquor. Apart from Maine, they had limited success until the early 20th century. By the 1840s the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Temperance movement in the United States">temperance movement</a> was actively encouraging individuals to immediately stop drinking. However, the issue of <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">slavery</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, overshadowed the temperance movement until the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prohibition was a major reform movement from the 1870s until the 1920s, when nationwide prohibition went into effect. It was supported by evangelical Protestant churches, especially the <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Disciples of Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalists</a>, Quakers, and Scandinavian Lutherans. Opposition came from Catholics, Episcopalians, and German Lutherans.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Crusade" title="Women's Crusade">Women's Crusade</a> of 1873 and the <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a> (WCTU), founded in 1874,<sup id="cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlcoholProhibition-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were means through which certain women organized and demanded political action, well before they were granted the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WCTU and the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a> were major players until the 20th century, when the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League" title="Anti-Saloon League">Anti-Saloon League</a> emerged as the movement's leader. By 1913, 9 states had statewide prohibition and 31 others had local option laws in effect. The League then turned their efforts toward attaining a constitutional amendment and grassroots support for nationwide prohibition.<sup id="cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlcoholProhibition-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German American</a> community was the base of the beer industry and became a pariah when the U.S. declared war on Germany in 1917. A new constitutional amendment passed Congress in December 1917 and was ratified by the states in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It prohibited "the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 28, 1919, Congress passed the National Prohibition Act, known as the <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a>, to implement the new 18th Amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a year's required delay, national prohibition began on January 16, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlcoholProhibition-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg/220px-Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg/330px-Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg/440px-Prohibition_prescription_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Prescription form for medicinal liquor</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, alcohol consumption nosedived to about 30% of its pre-Prohibition levels, but within a few years, the illicit market grew to roughly two-thirds.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illegal <a href="/wiki/Still" title="Still">stills</a> flourished in remote rural areas as well as city slums, and large quantities were smuggled from Canada. <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Bootlegging</a> became a major business activity for organized crime groups, under leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prohibition lost support during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, from 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The repeal movement was initiated and financed by the <a href="/wiki/Association_Against_the_Prohibition_Amendment" title="Association Against the Prohibition Amendment">Association Against the Prohibition Amendment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Sabin" title="Pauline Sabin">Pauline Sabin</a>, a wealthy Republican, founded the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform (WONPR).<sup id="cite_ref-Pegram-1998_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pegram-1998-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miron-2001_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miron-2001-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Repeal of Prohibition in the United States">Repeal of Prohibition in the United States</a> was accomplished with the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-first Amendment</a> on December 5, 1933. Under its terms, states were allowed to set their own laws for the control of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-Pegram-1998_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pegram-1998-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miron-2001_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miron-2001-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1832 and 1953, federal legislation prohibited the sale of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">alcohol to Native Americans</a>, with very limited success. After 1953, Native American communities and <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservations</a> were permitted to pass their own <a href="/wiki/Local_ordinance" title="Local ordinance">local ordinances</a> governing the sale of alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, there are still counties and parishes within the United States known as "<a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">dry</a>," where the sale of alcohol is prohibited or restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Venezuela, twenty-four hours before every election, the government prohibits the sale and distribution of alcoholic beverages throughout the national territory, including the restriction to all dealers, liquor stores, supermarkets, restaurants, wineries, pubs, bars, public entertainment, clubs and any establishment that markets alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same is done during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> as a measure to reduce the alarming rate of road traffic accidents during these holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg/220px-Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg/330px-Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg/440px-Prohibition_lifted_in_Canberra_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>The first consignment of liquor in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a>, following the repeal of prohibition laws in 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a> (then the Federal Capital Territory) was the first jurisdiction in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> to have prohibition laws. In 1911, <a href="/wiki/King_O%27Malley" title="King O'Malley">King O'Malley</a>, then Minister of Home Affairs, shepherded laws through Parliament preventing new issue or transfer of licences to sell alcohol, to address unruly behaviour among workers building the new capital city. Prohibition was partial, since possession of alcohol purchased outside of the Territory remained legal and the few pubs that had existing licences could continue to operate. The Federal Parliament repealed the laws after residents of the Federal Capital Territory voted for the end of them in a 1928 plebiscite.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, some state governments and local councils have enacted <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Australia#Dry_areas" title="Alcohol laws of Australia">dry areas</a>. This is where the purchase or consumption of alcohol is only permitted in licensed areas such as liquor stores, clubs, cafes, bars, hotels, restaurants, and also private homes. In public places such as streets, parks, and squares, consumption is not permitted, but carrying bottles that were purchased at licensed venues is allowed. Almost all dry areas are small defined districts within larger urban or rural communities.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, alcohol has been prohibited in many remote <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a> communities. Penalties for transporting alcohol into these "dry" communities are severe and can result in confiscation of any vehicles involved; in dry areas within the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, all vehicles used to transport alcohol are seized.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In New Zealand, prohibition was a moralistic reform movement begun in the mid-1880s by the Protestant evangelical and Nonconformist churches and the <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a> and after 1890 by the Prohibition League. It assumed that individual virtue was all that was needed to carry the colony forward from a pioneering society to a more mature one, but it never achieved its goal of national prohibition. Both the Church of England and the largely Irish Catholic Church rejected prohibition as an intrusion of government into the church's domain, while the growing labor movement saw capitalism rather than alcohol as the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1914_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1914-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated52_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated52-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reformers hoped that the women's vote, in which New Zealand was a pioneer, would swing the balance, but the women were not as well organized as in other countries. Prohibition had a majority in a national referendum in 1911, but needed a 60% vote to pass. The movement kept trying in the 1920s, losing three more referendums by close votes; it managed to keep in place a <a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">6 pm closing hour</a> for pubs and Sunday closing. The Depression and war years effectively ended the movement,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1914_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1914-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated52_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated52-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but their 6 p.m. closing hour remained until October 1967 when it was extended to 10 pm. </p><p>For many years, referendums were held for individual towns or electorates, often coincident with general elections. The ballots determined whether these individual areas would be "dry" – that is, alcohol could not be purchased or consumed in public in these areas. One notable example was the southern city of <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a>, which was dry from 1907 to 1943. People wanting alcohol usually travelled to places outside the city (such as the nearby township of <a href="/wiki/Lorneville,_New_Zealand" title="Lorneville, New Zealand">Lorneville</a> or the town of <a href="/wiki/Winton,_New_Zealand" title="Winton, New Zealand">Winton</a>) to drink in the local pubs or purchase alcohol to take back home. The last bastion of this 'dry' area remains in force in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Invercargill_Licensing_Trust" title="Invercargill Licensing Trust">licensing trust</a> that still to this day governs the sale of liquor in Invercargill. The city does not allow the sale of alcohol (beer and wine included) in supermarkets unlike in the majority of New Zealand, and all form of alcohol regardless of the sort can only be sold in bars and liquor stores. </p><p>Prohibition was of limited success in New Zealand as—like in other countries—it led to organised <a href="/wiki/Bootlegging_(alcohol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootlegging (alcohol)">bootlegging</a>. The most famous bootlegged alcohol in New Zealand was that produced in the <a href="/wiki/Hokonui_Hills" title="Hokonui Hills">Hokonui Hills</a> close to the town of <a href="/wiki/Gore,_New_Zealand" title="Gore, New Zealand">Gore</a> (not coincidentally, the nearest large town to Invercargill). Even today, the term "Hokonui" conjures up images of illicit whisky to many New Zealanders.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many countries in Latin America, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, India, and several US states, the sale but not the consumption of alcohol is prohibited before and during <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootleggers_and_Baptists" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_law_of_prohibition" title="Iron law of prohibition">Iron law of prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition of drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prohibition_Party" title="Scottish Prohibition Party">Scottish Prohibition Party</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benton and DiYanni. <i>Arts and Culture, An Introduction to the Humanities</i>. Volume One. Fourth Edition. Pearson. p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alcohol.iu.edu/articles/protestants-catholics/index.html">"Protestants and Catholics"</a>. <i>Alcohol Research and Health History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Health+History&rft.atitle=Protestants+and+Catholics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falcohol.iu.edu%2Farticles%2Fprotestants-catholics%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Jensen" title="Richard J. Jensen">Richard J. Jensen</a>, <i>The winning of the Midwest: social and political conflict, 1888–1896</i> (1971) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XpCgCNZwpvoC&dq=%22Iowa+wet+or+dry%22+intitle:winning+intitle:midwest+inauthor:jensen&pg=PA89">pp. 89–121 online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aileen_Kraditor" class="mw-redirect" title="Aileen Kraditor">Aileen Kraditor</a>, <i>The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920</i> (1965) pp. 12–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anne Myra Goodman Benjamin, <i>A history of the anti-suffrage movement in the United States from 1895 to 1920: women against equality</i> (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k9lWztgWymgC&dq=prohibition+%22prince+edward+island%22%2C+alcohol&pg=PA21">Heath, Dwight B. (1995). International handbook on alcohol and culture. Westport, CT. Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 21</a> There seems to be agreement in the literature for 1948 but various dates are given for the initiation of PEI's prohibition legislation; 1907 is the latest, while 1900, 1901 and 1902 are given by others.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.com/opinion/2014/08/15/sobering_effect_what_happened_when_russia_banned_booze_39045.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Sobering effect: What happened when Russia banned booze"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Sobering+effect%3A+What+happened+when+Russia+banned+booze%22&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbth.com%2Fopinion%2F2014%2F08%2F15%2Fsobering_effect_what_happened_when_russia_banned_booze_39045.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/11/world/beer-soon-for-icelanders.html">"Beer (Soon) for Icelanders"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, May 11, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/live-in-the-d/2020/01/28/prohibition-in-detroit-inside-the-citys-most-infamous-speakeasy/">"Prohibition in Detroit: Inside the city's most infamous speakeasy"</a>. <i>WDIV-TV Detroit</i>. 28 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2018</span>. <q>According to Mangala Samaraweera, the Sri Lankan government is amending the law that installed the ban 63 years ago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka+removes+63-year-old+ban+on+alcohol+for+women&rft.date=2018-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fasia%2F2018%2F01%2F10%2Fsri-lanka-removes-63-year-old-ban-on-alcohol-for-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42682526">"Sri Lanka's president rejects move to allow women to buy alcohol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 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Narco News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Zapatistas+Reject+the+War+on+Drugs&rft.pub=Narco+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.narconews.com%2FIssue33%2Farticle971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGirr2015" class="citation book cs1">McGirr, Lisa (2015). <i>The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393066951" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393066951"><bdi>978-0393066951</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+on+Alcohol%3A+Prohibition+and+the+Rise+of+the+American+State&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0393066951&rft.aulast=McGirr&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlcoholProhibition-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlcoholProhibition_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/nc/nc2a.htm">"History of Alcohol Prohibition"</a>. Schaffer Library of Drug Policy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Alcohol+Prohibition&rft.pub=Schaffer+Library+of+Drug+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.druglibrary.org%2Fschaffer%2Flibrary%2Fstudies%2Fnc%2Fnc2a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Lisa McGirr, <i>The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State</i> (2015) pp 8-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLantzer2014" class="citation book cs1">Lantzer, Jason S. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eTKaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35"><i>Interpreting the Prohibition Era at Museums and Historic Sites</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 32–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780759124332" title="Special:BookSources/9780759124332"><bdi>9780759124332</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpreting+the+Prohibition+Era+at+Museums+and+Historic+Sites&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=32-36&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780759124332&rft.aulast=Lantzer&rft.aufirst=Jason+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeTKaBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/roots-of-prohibition/">"Women's Christian Temperance Movement"</a>. <i>Prohibition: Roots of Prohibition</i>. PBS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prohibition%3A+Roots+of+Prohibition&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Christian+Temperance+Movement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fkenburns%2Fprohibition%2Froots-of-prohibition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/12/19/96281151.pdf">"Prohibition wins in Senate, 47 to 8"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 19, 1917. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Prohibition+wins+in+Senate%2C+47+to+8&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1917-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1917%2F12%2F19%2F96281151.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html">"Constitution of the United States, Amendments 11–27: Amendment XVIII, Section 1"</a>. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+United+States%2C+Amendments+11%E2%80%9327%3A+Amendment+XVIII%2C+Section+1&rft.pub=The+U.S.+National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcharters%2Fconstitution_amendments_11-27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson2015" class="citation web cs1">Hanson, David J. (2015-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alcoholproblemsandsolutions.org/volstead-act-national-prohibition-act-of-1919/">"Volstead Act (National Prohibition Act of 1919)"</a>. <i>Alcohol Problems and Solutions</i>. State University of New York, Potsdam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Problems+and+Solutions&rft.atitle=Volstead+Act+%28National+Prohibition+Act+of+1919%29&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcoholproblemsandsolutions.org%2Fvolstead-act-national-prohibition-act-of-1919%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMironZwiebel1991" class="citation cs2">Miron, Jeffrey A.; Zwiebel, Jeffrey (April 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w3675"><i>Alcohol Consumption During Prohibition (NBER Working Paper No. 3675 (Also Reprint No. r1563))</i></a>, Working Paper Series, The National Bureau of Economic Research, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw3675">10.3386/w3675</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2019</span>, <q>We estimate the consumption of alcohol during Prohibition using mortality, mental health and crime statistics. We find that alcohol consumption fell sharply at the beginning of Prohibition, to approximately 30 percent of its pre-Prohibition level. During the next several years, however, alcohol consumption increased sharply, to about 60–70 percent of its pre-prohibition level. The level of consumption was virtually the same immediately after Prohibition as during the latter part of Prohibition, although consumption increased to approximately its pre-Prohibition level during the subsequent decade.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol+Consumption+During+Prohibition+%28NBER+Working+Paper+No.+3675+%28Also+Reprint+No.+r1563%29%29&rft.series=Working+Paper+Series&rft.pub=The+National+Bureau+of+Economic+Research&rft.date=1991-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw3675&rft.aulast=Miron&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+A.&rft.au=Zwiebel%2C+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw3675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prohibition.themobmuseum.org/the-history/the-rise-of-organized-crime/the-mob-during-prohibition/">"Prohibition Profits Transformed the Mob"</a>. <i>Prohibition, An Interactive History</i>. The Mob Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prohibition%2C+An+Interactive+History&rft.atitle=Prohibition+Profits+Transformed+the+Mob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprohibition.themobmuseum.org%2Fthe-history%2Fthe-rise-of-organized-crime%2Fthe-mob-during-prohibition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyvig2000" class="citation book cs1">Kyvig, David E. (2000). <i>Repealing National Prohibition</i> (2nd ed.). The Kent State University Press. Chapter 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87338-672-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87338-672-8"><bdi>0-87338-672-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Repealing+National+Prohibition&rft.pages=Chapter+8&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=The+Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-87338-672-8&rft.aulast=Kyvig&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pegram-1998-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pegram-1998_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pegram-1998_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPegram1998" class="citation book cs1">Pegram, Thomas R. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781566632096"><i>Battling Demon Rum: The Struggle for a Dry America, 1800–1933</i></a></span>. American Ways. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566632089" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566632089"><bdi>978-1566632089</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battling+Demon+Rum%3A+The+Struggle+for+a+Dry+America%2C+1800%E2%80%931933&rft.place=Chicago&rft.series=American+Ways&rft.pub=Ivan+R.+Dee&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1566632089&rft.aulast=Pegram&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781566632096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miron-2001-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miron-2001_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miron-2001_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiron2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Miron, Jeffrey A. (September 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eh.net/encyclopedia/alcohol-prohibition/">"Alcohol Prohibition"</a>. In Whaples, Robert (ed.). <i>EH.Net Encyclopedia</i>. Economic History Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Prohibition&rft.btitle=EH.Net+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Economic+History+Association&rft.date=2001-09-24&rft.aulast=Miron&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feh.net%2Fencyclopedia%2Falcohol-prohibition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2003" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Jill (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/2432">"Martin, Jill E., "The Greatest Evil:" Interpretations Of Indian Prohibition Laws, 1832–1953" (2003). <i>Great Plains Quarterly,</i> 2432"</a>. <i>Great Plains Quarterly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Plains+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Martin%2C+Jill+E.%2C+%22The+Greatest+Evil%3A%22+Interpretations+Of+Indian+Prohibition+Laws%2C+1832%E2%80%931953%22+%282003%29.+Great+Plains+Quarterly%2C+2432.&rft.date=2003-01&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fgreatplainsquarterly%2F2432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2004" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Lesley (November 3, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220233/http://archives.starhq.com/html/localnews/1104/110304drink.html">"Drink up 'Betsy"</a>. <i>Elizabethton Star</i>. Elizabethton, Tennessee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.starhq.com/html/localnews/1104/110304drink.html">the original</a> on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elizabethton+Star&rft.atitle=Drink+up+%27Betsy&rft.date=2004-11-03&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.starhq.com%2Fhtml%2Flocalnews%2F1104%2F110304drink.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208134243/http://www.eleccionesvenezuela.com/informacion-ley-seca-elecciones-municipales-venezuela-126.html">"¿Cuándo comienza la LEY SECA por las Elecciones Municipales?"</a> [When does the DRY ACT start for the Municipal Elections?]. <i>EV: eleccionesvenezuela.com</i> (in Spanish). 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleccionesvenezuela.com/informacion-ley-seca-elecciones-municipales-venezuela-126.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.el-carabobeno.com/nacional/articulo/31608/en-gaceta-decreto-de-quotley-secaquot-para-semana-santa">the original</a> on 27 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Carabobe%C3%B1o&rft.atitle=En+Gaceta+decreto+de+%22Ley+Seca%22+para+Semana+Santa&rft.date=2012-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.el-carabobeno.com%2Fnacional%2Farticulo%2F31608%2Fen-gaceta-decreto-de-quotley-secaquot-para-semana-santa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgencia_Venezolana_de_Noticias2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Venezolana_de_Noticias" title="Agencia Venezolana de Noticias">Agencia Venezolana de Noticias</a> (7 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.el-carabobeno.com/expendio-bebidas-alcoholicas-estara-suspendido-los-dias-9-13-14-16-abril/">"Expendio de bebidas alcohólicas estará suspendido los días 9, 13, 14 y 16 de abril"</a> [Expenditure on alcoholic beverages will be suspended on 9, 13, 14 and 16 April]. <i>El Diario El Carabobeño</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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National Archives of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yourmemento.naa.gov.au/2013/04/prohibition-in-canberra-king-omalley-and-the-dry-capital/">the original</a> on 2017-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Memento&rft.atitle=Prohibition+in+Canberra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyourmemento.naa.gov.au%2F2013%2F04%2Fprohibition-in-canberra-king-omalley-and-the-dry-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sa.gov.au/topics/business-and-trade/liquor/dry-areas">"Dry Areas Adelaide"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcohol+Restrictions+Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au%2Fcommunity%2Fhealth-and-safety%2Falcohol-and-drugs%2Falcohol-safety%2Falcohol-restrictions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcglr.vic.gov.au/liquor/restaurant-cafe/apply-new-licence/dry-areas">"Dry Areas Victoria"</a>. 2016-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dry+Areas+Victoria&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcglr.vic.gov.au%2Fliquor%2Frestaurant-cafe%2Fapply-new-licence%2Fdry-areas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFittsRobertsonTowleDoran2017" class="citation journal cs1">Fitts, Michelle S.; Robertson, Jan; et al. (21 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540517">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sly grog' and 'homebrew': a qualitative examination of illicit alcohol and some of its impacts on Indigenous communities with alcohol restrictions in regional and remote Queensland (Australia)"</a>. <i>BMC Research Notes</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 360. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13104-017-2691-9">10.1186/s13104-017-2691-9</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540517">5540517</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28764774">28764774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Research+Notes&rft.atitle=%27Sly+grog%27+and+%27homebrew%27%3A+a+qualitative+examination+of+illicit+alcohol+and+some+of+its+impacts+on+Indigenous+communities+with+alcohol+restrictions+in+regional+and+remote+Queensland+%28Australia%29&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=360&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5540517%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28764774&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13104-017-2691-9&rft.aulast=Fitts&rft.aufirst=Michelle+S.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Jan&rft.au=Towle%2C+Simon&rft.au=Doran%2C+Chris+M.&rft.au=McDermott%2C+Robyn&rft.au=Miller%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Margolis%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Ypinazar%2C+Valmae&rft.au=Clough%2C+Alan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5540517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1914-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1914_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1914_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greg Ryan, "Drink and the Historians: Sober Reflections on Alcohol in New Zealand 1840–1914," <i>New Zealand Journal of History</i> (April 2010) Vol. 44, No. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated52-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated52_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated52_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Newman, "New Zealand's Vote for Prohibition in 1911", <i>New Zealand Journal of History</i>, April 1975, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 52–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goredc.govt.nz/our-facilities/arts-and-heritage/hokonui-moonshiners-museum/">Hokonui Moonshiners Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122014703/http://goredc.govt.nz/our-facilities/arts-and-heritage/hokonui-moonshiners-museum/">Archived</a> 2016-01-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gore District Council</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Massachusetts General Laws 138 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/prohibition">Prohibition</a> – View Videos</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrowsRoomVerhey1987" class="citation book cs1">Barrows, Susanna; <a href="/wiki/Robin_Room" title="Robin Room">Room, Robin</a>; Verhey, Jeffrey, eds. (1987). <i>The Social History of Alcohol: Drinking and Culture in Modern Society</i>. Berkeley, Calif: Alcohol Research Group. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19613324">19613324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+History+of+Alcohol%3A+Drinking+and+Culture+in+Modern+Society&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif&rft.pub=Alcohol+Research+Group&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19613324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrowsRoom1991" class="citation book cs1">Barrows, Susanna; <a href="/wiki/Robin_Room" title="Robin Room">Room, Robin</a>, eds. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o-wmSdtGer0C"><i>Drinking: behavior and belief in modern history</i></a>. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07085-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07085-1"><bdi>978-0-520-07085-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drinking%3A+behavior+and+belief+in+modern+history&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Univ.+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07085-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do-wmSdtGer0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlockerFaheyTyrrell2003" class="citation book cs1">Blocker, Jack S.; <a href="/wiki/David_M._Fahey" title="David M. Fahey">Fahey, David M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Tyrrell" title="Ian Tyrrell">Tyrrell, Ian R.</a>, eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j77OEAAAQBAJ"><i>Alcohol and temperance in modern history: an international encyclopedia</i></a>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-834-1"><bdi>978-1-57607-834-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol+and+temperance+in+modern+history%3A+an+international+encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-834-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj77OEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlocker2006" class="citation journal cs1">Blocker, Jack S. (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470475">"Did Prohibition Really Work? Alcohol Prohibition as a Public Health Innovation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="American Journal of Public Health">American Journal of Public Health</a></i>. <b>96</b> (2): 233–243. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2005.065409">10.2105/AJPH.2005.065409</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0090-0036">0090-0036</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470475">1470475</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16380559">16380559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Did+Prohibition+Really+Work%3F+Alcohol+Prohibition+as+a+Public+Health+Innovation&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=233-243&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1470475%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0090-0036&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16380559&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2005.065409&rft.aulast=Blocker&rft.aufirst=Jack+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1470475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherrington1925–30" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cherrington" title="Ernest Cherrington">Cherrington, Ernest</a>, ed. (1925–30). <i>Standard encyclopedia of the alcohol problem</i> (6 volumes ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13805317">13805317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+encyclopedia+of+the+alcohol+problem&rft.edition=6+volumes&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1925%2F1930&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13805317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherrington1922" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cherrington" title="Ernest Cherrington">Cherrington, Ernest Hurst</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americaandworld00chergoog"><i>America and the world liquor problem</i></a>. Westerville, Ohio: American Issue Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1348970">1348970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+and+the+world+liquor+problem&rft.place=Westerville%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=American+Issue+Press&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1348970&rft.aulast=Cherrington&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Hurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericaandworld00chergoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsythFahey1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Forsyth" title="Jessie Forsyth">Forsyth, Jessie</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_M._Fahey" title="David M. Fahey">Fahey, David M.</a> (1988). <i>The collected writings of Jessie Forsyth, 1847-1937: the Good Templars and temperance reform on three continents</i>. Interdisciplinary studies in alcohol use and abuse. Lewiston, N.Y: <a href="/wiki/E._Mellen_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Mellen Press">E. Mellen Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88946-296-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88946-296-0"><bdi>978-0-88946-296-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+collected+writings+of+Jessie+Forsyth%2C+1847-1937%3A+the+Good+Templars+and+temperance+reform+on+three+continents&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+N.Y&rft.series=Interdisciplinary+studies+in+alcohol+use+and+abuse&rft.pub=E.+Mellen+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-88946-296-0&rft.aulast=Forsyth&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft.au=Fahey%2C+David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGefou-Madianou2002" class="citation book cs1">Gefou-Madianou, Dimitra (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SyIAgAAQBAJ"><i>Alcohol, Gender and Culture</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-88329-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-88329-5"><bdi>978-1-134-88329-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol%2C+Gender+and+Culture&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-88329-5&rft.aulast=Gefou-Madianou&rft.aufirst=Dimitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SyIAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_B._Heath" title="Dwight B. 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Westport, Conn: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-03438-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-03438-1"><bdi>978-0-313-03438-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Handbook+on+Alcohol+and+Culture&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-313-03438-1&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Dwight+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxHvDEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenius1931" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Henius" title="Max Henius">Henius, Max</a> (1931). <i>Modern Liquor Legislation and Systems in Finland, Norway, Denmark and Sweden</i>. 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Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516095-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516095-6"><bdi>978-0-19-516095-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+alcoholic+empire%3A+vodka+and+politics+in+late+Imperial+Russia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516095-6&rft.aulast=Herlihy&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdI6DwXA-TBkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkrent2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent, Daniel</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MJbBqn3XWqAC"><i>Last call: the rise and fall of prohibition</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7169-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7169-1"><bdi>978-1-4391-7169-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+call%3A+the+rise+and+fall+of+prohibition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-7169-1&rft.aulast=Okrent&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMJbBqn3XWqAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrad2021" class="citation book cs1">Schrad, Mark Lawrence (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L7EzEAAAQBAJ"><i>Smashing the liquor machine: a global history of prohibition</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-084157-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-084157-7"><bdi>978-0-19-084157-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smashing+the+liquor+machine%3A+a+global+history+of+prohibition&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-084157-7&rft.aulast=Schrad&rft.aufirst=Mark+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL7EzEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrad2010" class="citation book cs1">Schrad, Mark Lawrence (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CfhyX80XT6sC"><i>The Political Power of Bad Ideas: Networks, Institutions, and the Global Prohibition Wave</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974235-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974235-6"><bdi>978-0-19-974235-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Power+of+Bad+Ideas%3A+Networks%2C+Institutions%2C+and+the+Global+Prohibition+Wave&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974235-6&rft.aulast=Schrad&rft.aufirst=Mark+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCfhyX80XT6sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzymanski2003" class="citation book cs1">Szymanski, Ann-Marie E. 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Durham, NC: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-8530-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-8530-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-8530-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pathways+to+Prohibition%3A+Radicals%2C+Moderates%2C+and+Social+Movement+Outcomes&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-8530-1&rft.aulast=Szymanski&rft.aufirst=Ann-Marie+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDKtmajw4kC8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyrrell2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Tyrrell" title="Ian Tyrrell">Tyrrell, Ian</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5GWVAwAAQBAJ"><i>Woman's World/Woman's Empire: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union in International Perspective, 1880-1930</i></a>. Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-2080-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-2080-0"><bdi>978-1-4696-2080-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%27s+World%2FWoman%27s+Empire%3A+The+Woman%27s+Christian+Temperance+Union+in+International+Perspective%2C+1880-1930&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-2080-0&rft.aulast=Tyrrell&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5GWVAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPittmanWhite1991" class="citation book cs1">Pittman, David J.; <a href="/wiki/Helene_Raskin_White" title="Helene Raskin White">White, Helene Raskin</a>, eds. 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New Brunswick, N.J., USA: Publications Division, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-911290-21-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-911290-21-9"><bdi>978-0-911290-21-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society%2C+culture%2C+and+drinking+patterns+reexamined&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+N.J.%2C+USA&rft.pub=Publications+Division%2C+Rutgers+Center+of+Alcohol+Studies&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-911290-21-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_White_(political_scientist)" title="Stephen White (political scientist)">White, Stephen</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mFO5c70g3TcC"><i>Russia goes dry: alcohol, state and society</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55211-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55211-0"><bdi>978-0-521-55211-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+goes+dry%3A+alcohol%2C+state+and+society&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55211-0&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmFO5c70g3TcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template talk:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a><br /> use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime" title="Alcohol-related crime">Alcohol-related<br /> crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">Drunk driving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prison alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_verde" title="Pájaro verde">Pájaro verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">Public intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_adolescence" title="Alcoholism in adolescence">Alcoholism in adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_family_systems" title="Alcoholism in family systems">Alcoholism in family systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_rural_Australia" title="Alcoholism in rural Australia">Alcoholism in rural Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_Study_on_the_Genetics_of_Alcoholism" title="Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism">Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_theory_of_alcoholism" title="Disease theory of alcoholism">Disease theory of alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic" title="High-functioning alcoholic">High-functioning alcoholic</a> (HFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_pink_elephants" title="Seeing pink elephants">Seeing pink elephants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beverage-specific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_chemistry" title="Beer chemistry">Beer chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive_alcohols_in_alcoholic_drinks" title="Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks">Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congener_(beverages)" title="Congener (beverages)">Congener</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_congener_analysis" title="Alcohol congener analysis">Alcohol congener analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol" title="Subjective response to alcohol">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adverse effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangxiety" title="Hangxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging" title="Impact of alcohol on aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain" title="Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer" title="Alcohol and cancer">Cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer" title="Alcohol and breast cancer">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol" title="Alcohol and cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" title="Alcohol use and sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance" title="Alcohol tolerance">Tolerance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance" title="Alcohol intolerance">intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight" title="Alcohol and weight">Weight</a></li> <li>Beverage-specific <ul><li>Beer: <a href="/wiki/Potomania" title="Potomania">Potomania</a></li> <li>Wine: <a href="/wiki/Red_wine_headache" title="Red wine headache">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Social issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adulterated alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine" title="Moonshine">Adulterated moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses" title="Alcohol advertising on college campuses">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_goggles" title="Beer goggles">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students" title="Alcohol use among college students">Alcohol use among college students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_syndrome" title="Austrian syndrome">Austrian syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking" title="Epidemiology of binge drinking">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome" title="Holiday heart syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li> <li>Problematic alcoholic products <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_powder" title="Alcohol powder">Alcohol powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcopop" title="Alcopop">Alcopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borg_(drink)" title="Borg (drink)">Borg</a></li> <li>Low-cost alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine" title="Flavored fortified wine">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants" title="Alcohol (drug)">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_wine" title="Coca wine">Coca wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotini" title="Nicotini">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapoy" title="Zapoy">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinking_games" title="List of drinking games">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregaming" title="Pregaming">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_walking" title="Drunk walking">Drunk walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunkorexia" title="Drunkorexia">Drunkorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_drunk" title="Dry drunk">Dry drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_courage" title="Dutch courage">Dutch courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_drink" title="Flaming drink">Flaming drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">Hair of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol" title="Hurtful communication">Hurtful communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_dialing" title="Drunk dialing">Drunk dialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)" title="Nightcap (drink)">Nightcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsdrunk" title="Pantsdrunk">Pantsdrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a></li> <li>Binge drinking devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bong" title="Beer bong">Beer bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard_of_ale" title="Yard of ale">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Routes of administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation" title="Alcohol inhalation">Alcohol inhalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing" title="Vodka eyeballing">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconcing" title="Sconcing">Sconcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate" title="Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsomania" title="Dipsomania">Dipsomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">Rum ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">Six o'clock swill</a></li> <li>Illegal drinking establishments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_mile" title="Beer mile">Beer mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Beer_Day" title="International Beer Day">International Beer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day" title="International Women's Collaboration Brew Day">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_brewing" title="Women in brewing">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover_remedies" title="Hangover remedies">Hangover remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine" title="Health effects of wine">Health effects of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_night" title="Ladies' night">Ladies' night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol" title="List of substances used in rituals">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li> <li>Whiskey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day" title="International whisk(e)y day">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_law" title="Alcohol law">Alcohol law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_License_Suspension" title="Administrative License Suspension">Administrative License Suspension</a> (ALS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(Minimum_Pricing)_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012">Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_exclusion_laws" title="Alcohol exclusion laws">Alcohol exclusion laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly" title="Alcohol monopoly">Alcohol monopoly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state" title="Alcoholic beverage control state">Alcoholic beverage control state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_packaging_warning_messages" title="Alcohol packaging warning messages">Alcohol packaging warning messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWI_court" title="DWI court">DWI court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing" title="Field sobriety testing">Field sobriety testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_flask_defence" title="Hip flask defence">Hip flask defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device" title="Ignition interlock device">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_call" title="Last call">Last call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)" title="Shoulder tap (alcohol)">Shoulder tap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws of US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alcohol prohibition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sobriety" title="Sobriety">Sobriety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">Alcohol detoxification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-free_zone" title="Alcohol-free zone">Alcohol-free zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_campus" title="Dry campus">Dry campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-container_law" title="Open-container law">Open-container law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention" title="Brief intervention">Brief intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_driver" title="Designated driver">Designated driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">Alcohol rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_tank" title="Drunk tank">Drunk tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_alcohol_program" title="Managed alcohol program">Managed alcohol program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">Non-alcoholic drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-alcoholic cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_mixed_drinks" title="List of non-alcoholic mixed drinks">List of mixed drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzer#Non-alcoholic_spritzer" title="Spritzer">Spritzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Non-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Malt drinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_bar" title="Temperance bar">Temperance bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_and_Good_Citizenship_Day" title="Temperance and Good Citizenship Day">Temperance and Good Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups" title="List of twelve-step groups">Twelve-step groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anon/Alateen" title="Al-Anon/Alateen">Al-Anon/Alateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> (AA):</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Children_of_Alcoholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Children of Alcoholics">Adult Children of Alcoholics</a> (ACA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_companion" title="Sober companion">Sober companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_curious" title="Sober curious">Sober curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_living_house" title="Sober living house">Sober living house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobering_center" title="Sobering center">Sobering center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrietol" title="Sobrietol">Sobrietol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_lit_(alcohol_cessation)" title="Quit lit (alcohol cessation)">Quit lit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol limitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/0-0-1-3" title="0-0-1-3">0-0-1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_education" title="Alcohol education">Alcohol education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_server_training" title="Alcohol server training">Alcohol server training</a></li> <li>Monitoring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tagging#Sweat_alcohol_content_monitor" title="Electronic tagging">Sweat alcohol content monitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention#FRAMES" title="Brief intervention">FRAMES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Advancing_Alcohol_Responsibility" title="Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility">Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility</a></li> <li>Campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_January" title="Dry January">Dry January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_July" title="Dry July">Dry July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Your_Sexy_Back" title="Get Your Sexy Back">Get Your Sexy Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocsober" title="Ocsober">Ocsober</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_license" title="Liquor license">Liquor license</a></li> <li>Low-alcohol drinks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Low-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Low-alcoholic malt drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Measurement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_drink" title="Standard drink">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug" title="Disulfiram-like drug">Disulfiram-like drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General anaesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane" title="Beer Street and Gin Lane"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Act_1751" title="Gin Act 1751">Gin Act 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_alcohol-related_articles" title="Index of alcohol-related articles">Index of alcohol-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_spaceflight" title="Alcohol and spaceflight">Alcohol and spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect" title="Gateway drug effect">Gateway drug effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">Mood disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-medication" title="Self-medication">Self-medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spins" title="Spins">Spins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_drunk" title="Town drunk">Town drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alcohol_and_health" title="Category:Alcohol and health">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol_prohibition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prohibition" title="Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prohibition" title="Template talk:Prohibition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol_prohibition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alcohol prohibition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Bangladesh" title="Alcohol in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Nordic_countries">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Iran" title="Alcohol in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Russia / Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li>Australian prohibition referendums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1925 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_South_Wales_prohibition_referendum" title="1928 New South Wales prohibition referendum">New South Wales, 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1950</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">American Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Temperance_Society" title="American Temperance Society">American Temperance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League" title="Anti-Saloon League">Anti-Saloon League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Against_the_Prohibition_Amendment" title="Association Against the Prohibition Amendment">Association Against the Prohibition Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Act" title="Blaine Act">Blaine Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Prohibition" title="Bureau of Prohibition">Bureau of Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_option" title="Local option">Local option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher_Club" title="Molly Pitcher Club">Molly Pitcher Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Patrol" title="Rum Patrol">Rum Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_row" title="Rum row">Rum row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_prohibition_referendum,_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922">Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Scotland)_Act_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913">Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance" title="United Kingdom Alliance">United Kingdom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Committee_of_Lawyers" title="Voluntary Committee of Lawyers">Voluntary Committee of Lawyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb%E2%80%93Kenyon_Act" title="Webb–Kenyon Act">Webb–Kenyon Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickersham_Commission" title="Wickersham Commission">Wickersham Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis%E2%80%93Campbell_Act" title="Willis–Campbell Act">Willis–Campbell Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Meir_Allen" title="Martha Meir Allen">Martha Meir Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger" title="Harry J. Anslinger">Harry J. Anslinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Barker" title="Thomas Holliday Barker">Thomas Holliday Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Beecher" title="Lyman Beecher">Lyman Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Duffy" title="Mickey Duffy">Mickey Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxey_Gordon" title="Waxey Gordon">Waxey Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Guinan" title="Texas Guinan">Texas Guinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hamer" title="Frank Hamer">Frank Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_N._Howard" title="Clinton N. Howard">Clinton N. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_L._Johnson" title="Enoch L. Johnson">Enoch L. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lansky" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Richard_Lees" title="Frederic Richard Lees">Frederic Richard Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Maceo" title="Sam Maceo">Sam Maceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owney_Madden" title="Owney Madden">Owney Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Malins" title="Joseph Malins">Joseph Malins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(bootlegger)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McCoy (bootlegger)">William McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Moran" title="Bugs Moran">Bugs Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Nation" title="Carrie Nation">Carrie Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Olmstead" title="Roy Olmstead">Roy Olmstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_LaMontages_brothers" title="The LaMontages brothers">The LaMontages brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanzetta_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lanzetta Brothers">Lanzetta Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Gang" title="The Purple Gang">The Purple Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Remus" title="George Remus">George Remus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rothstein" title="Arnold Rothstein">Arnold Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hyde_Russell" title="Howard Hyde Russell">Howard Hyde Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bywater_Smithies" title="Thomas Bywater Smithies">Thomas Bywater Smithies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Thompson" title="Eliza Thompson">Eliza Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_Thompson" title="William Harvey Thompson">William Harvey Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">Andrew Volstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Wheeler" title="Wayne Wheeler">Wayne Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzy_Einstein_and_Moe_Smith" title="Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith">Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Prohibition_Party_(UK)" title="National Prohibition Party (UK)">National Prohibition Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prohibition_Party" title="Scottish Prohibition Party">Scottish Prohibition Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(miniseries)" title="Prohibition (miniseries)"><i>Prohibition</i> (2011 documentary miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46388#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175869-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Prohibition"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85107330">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="prohibice"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph827035&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538602805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐nk87p Cached time: 20241124010010 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.126 seconds Real time usage: 1.357 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4932/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 194410/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1909/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 16/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 279446/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.729/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19731280/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1139.410 1 -total 40.41% 460.470 1 Template:Reflist 18.11% 206.338 25 Template:Cite_web 11.16% 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