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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zemljina_precesija_i_nutacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zemljina_precesija_i_nutacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zemljina precesija i nutacija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zemljina_precesija_i_nutacija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Zemljina precesija i nutacija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zemljina_precesija_i_nutacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opća_precesija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opća_precesija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Opća precesija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opća_precesija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platonova_godina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platonova_godina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Platonova godina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platonova_godina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zemljina precesija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 38 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksiale_presessie" title="Aksiale presessie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aksiale presessie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مبادرة محورية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مبادرة محورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="محورلیک سالینما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="محورلیک سالینما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Апярэджванне раўнадзенстваў – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апярэджванне раўнадзенстваў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="অক্ষীয় অয়নচলন – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্ষীয় অয়নচলন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precessi%C3%B3_dels_equinoccis" title="Precessió dels equinoccis – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Precessió dels equinoccis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precese_zemsk%C3%A9_osy" title="Precese zemské osy – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Precese zemské osy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyklus_der_Pr%C3%A4zession" title="Zyklus der Präzession – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zyklus der Präzession" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Μετάπτωση των ισημεριών – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετάπτωση των ισημεριών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession" title="Axial precession – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Axial precession" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precesi%C3%B3n_de_los_equinoccios" title="Precesión de los equinoccios – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Precesión de los equinoccios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تقدیم محوری – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقدیم محوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekessio_(t%C3%A4htitiede)" title="Prekessio (tähtitiede) – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Prekessio (tähtitiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cession_des_%C3%A9quinoxes" title="Précession des équinoxes – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Précession des équinoxes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luain%C3%ADocht_na_gc%C3%B3nocht" title="Luainíocht na gcónocht – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luainíocht na gcónocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="נקיפת ציר כדור הארץ – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נקיפת ציר כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="अयन गति – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अयन गति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ndulvelta" title="Möndulvelta – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Möndulvelta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precessione_degli_equinozi" title="Precessione degli equinozi – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Precessione degli equinozi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84%EC%B6%95%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%B8%EC%B0%A8%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="자전축의 세차운동 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자전축의 세차운동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praecessio_aequinoctiorum" title="Praecessio aequinoctiorum – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praecessio aequinoctiorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precesija_(astronomija)" title="Precesija (astronomija) – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Precesija (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വിഷുവങ്ങളുടെ പുരസ്സരണം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിഷുവങ്ങളുടെ പുരസ്സരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liukan_paksi" title="Liukan paksi – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Liukan paksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precesja_planetarna" title="Precesja planetarna – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Precesja planetarna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precess%C3%A3o_axial" title="Precessão axial – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Precessão axial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precesia_echinoc%C8%9Biilor" title="Precesia echinocțiilor – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Precesia echinocțiilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučeni članak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Предварение равноденствий – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Предварение равноденствий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_precesija" title="Zemljina precesija – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zemljina precesija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_precession" title="Stellar precession – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stellar precession" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precesia_(astron%C3%B3mia)" title="Precesia (astronómia) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Precesia (astronómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precesija_enakono%C4%8Dij" title="Precesija enakonočij – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Precesija enakonočij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Earth_precession.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Earth_precession.svg/250px-Earth_precession.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Earth_precession.svg/375px-Earth_precession.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Earth_precession.svg/500px-Earth_precession.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Zemljina precesija.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Praezession.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Praezession.svg/250px-Praezession.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Praezession.svg/375px-Praezession.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Praezession.svg/500px-Praezession.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera">Nebeski svod</a> se kreće po <a href="/wiki/Krivulja" title="Krivulja">krivulji</a>, koja je <a href="/wiki/Rezultanta" title="Rezultanta">rezultanta</a> uzajamnog djelovanja <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">rotacije</a> (zeleno), Zemljine precesije (plavo) i <a href="/wiki/Nutacija" title="Nutacija">nutacije</a> (crveno).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Equinox_path.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Equinox_path.png/250px-Equinox_path.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Equinox_path.png/375px-Equinox_path.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Equinox_path.png/500px-Equinox_path.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Položaj <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetne točke</a> danas (2014.) i prije, za razdoblje od 6 tisućljeća.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sjevernjaca_1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a1/Sjevernjaca_1.gif/250px-Sjevernjaca_1.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a1/Sjevernjaca_1.gif/375px-Sjevernjaca_1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a1/Sjevernjaca_1.gif/500px-Sjevernjaca_1.gif 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>U razdoblju <a href="/wiki/Platonova_godina" title="Platonova godina">Platonove godine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_polovi" title="Nebeski polovi">sjeverni nebeski pol</a> opiše <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%BEnica" title="Kružnica">kružnicu</a> među <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezdama</a>; stoga će današnju <a href="/wiki/Sjevernja%C4%8Da" title="Sjevernjača">Sjevernjaču</a> zamjenjivati druge zvijezde.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zemljina precesija</b> nastaje pod djelovanjem <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mjesec" title="Mjesec">Mjeseca</a>. Zbog Zemljine protežnosti javlja se razlika <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">privlačne sile</a> Mjeseca ili Sunca na bližoj i daljoj strani Zemlje, a kako ta razlika ima komponentu u smjeru okomitom na ekvatorsku ravninu <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">rotirajuće Zemlje</a>, nastaje spreg sila, odn. <a href="/wiki/Rezultanta" title="Rezultanta">rezultantni</a> moment sile. Zbog toga os Zemljine vrtnje opisuje <a href="/wiki/Sto%C5%BEac" title="Stožac">stožac</a> oko okomice na spojnicu središta Zemlje i Mjeseca, odnosno Zemlje i Sunca. To je <b>luni-solarna precesija</b>. Kako se Mjesec ne nalazi u ravnini <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptike</a>, već mu se od nje staza otklanja za <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a> od 5° 9′, na stošcu se javljaju nabori s periodom od 18,67 <a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">godina</a>, što se u <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiji</a> naziva <a href="/wiki/Nutacija" title="Nutacija">nutacijom</a>. Postoji i <b>planetarna precesija</b>, koja je zakretanje ravnine ekliptike zbog utjecaja <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeta</a>. Zbirni učinak luni-solarne i planetarne precesije uzrokuje pomak <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetne</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jesenska_to%C4%8Dka" title="Jesenska točka">jesenske točke</a> među <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezdama</a> na <a href="/wiki/Zapad" title="Zapad">zapad</a>, godišnje za 50,6′′. Zbog precesije Zemljina os obilazi oko normale na ravninu ekliptike sa sideričkim ili zvjezdanim periodom od 25 800 godina (<a href="/wiki/Platonova_godina" title="Platonova godina">Platonova godina</a>). Posljedica je toga da <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_polovi" title="Nebeski polovi">Sjeverni nebeski pol</a> putuje među zvijezdama; na mjestu gdje je danas <a href="/wiki/Sjevernja%C4%8Da" title="Sjevernjača">Sjevernjača</a>, zvijezde se izmjenjuju. Zbog precesije Zemljina siderička (zvjezdana) i tropska (Sunčeva) godina nisu jednake, a koordinate se <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvatorski_koordinatni_sustav" title="Nebeski ekvatorski koordinatni sustav">ekvatorskoga koordinatnoga sustava</a> mijenjaju. </p><p>Važna je posljedica precesije različito izlaganje Zemljinih <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinenata</a> <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_konstanta" title="Sunčeva konstanta">Sunčevu zračenju</a>. Za <a href="/wiki/Klimatske_promjene" title="Klimatske promjene">klimatske promjene</a> važniji je položaj Zemljine osi prema <a href="/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel">perihelu</a> <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_putanja" title="Zemljina putanja">Zemljine staze</a> nego prema zvijezdama, a perihel se zbog poremećaja u <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevu sustavu</a> zakreće izravno (progradno), godišnje za 11,63′′, tj. Zemljina se <a href="/wiki/Elipsa" title="Elipsa">eliptična</a> putanja zakreće. <b>Precesijsko-perihelni</b> ciklus traje 21 000 godina. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Precesija" title="Precesija">Precesija</a> (kasnolatinski <i>praecessio</i>, prema <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">klasičnom latinskom</a> <i>praecedere</i>: ići naprijed) je pravilna promjena smjera osi rotirajućega tijela koja nastaje kada na tijelo djeluje vanjski <a href="/wiki/Moment_sile" title="Moment sile">moment sile</a>. Promjena <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kutne</a> <a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Količina gibanja">količine gibanja</a> ima smjer <a href="/wiki/Moment_sile" title="Moment sile">momenta sile</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vektor" title="Vektor">vektorski</a> se zbraja s trenutačnom kutnom količinom gibanja. Pojava je opažena pri gibanju <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiroskop" title="Žiroskop">zvrka</a> učvršćena u jednoj točki osi izvan <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEi%C5%A1te" title="Težište">težišta</a>. Precesija <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskog tijela</a> nastaje ako ono nije <a href="/wiki/Homogenost" title="Homogenost">homogena</a> <a href="/wiki/Kugla" title="Kugla">kugla</a> i ako na nj <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">gravitacijski</a> djeluje drugo tijelo koje se ne nalazi u ravnini <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">nebeskog ekvatora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zemljina_precesija_i_nutacija">Zemljina precesija i nutacija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Zemljina precesija i nutacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zemljina precesija i nutacija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osim vrtnje (<a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">rotacije</a>) i obilaženja oko Sunca (<a href="/wiki/Zemljina_putanja" title="Zemljina putanja">revolucije</a>), <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlja</a> pokazuje još jednu vrstu gibanja. Njena os također se neprestano giba i opisuje <a href="/wiki/Sto%C5%BEac" title="Stožac">stožac</a> oko pola <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptike</a>, i to u smislu lijevog <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijka</a> koji napreduje na <a href="/wiki/Sjever" title="Sjever">sjever</a>. Vršni polukut stožca jednak je nagibu ekliptike (<a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a> je nagnuta je pod kutom od 23°27′ prema <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">nebeskom ekvatoru</a>). Zbog toga zakretanja osi u istom se smislu zakreće i presjecište ravnine ekliptike s nebeskim ekvatorom, a s njime i <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetna točka</a>. Zato proljetna točka mijenja mjesto među zvijezdama. Pomak proljetne točke odvija se u smjeru dnevne vrtnje neba, a to je upravo suprotno od prividnog, godišnjeg gibanja Sunca: proljetna točka se kreće na <a href="/wiki/Zapad" title="Zapad">zapad</a>, a Sunce na <a href="/wiki/Istok" title="Istok">istok</a>. To znači da proljetna točka ide u susret Suncu, ili "pred" Sunce. Otuda potječe latinski naziv te pojave, jer <i>praecedere</i> znači ići naprijed. </p><p>Zemljinu precesiju tumači <a href="/wiki/Mehanika" title="Mehanika">mehanika</a> rotirajućeg krutog tijela. Najjači utjecaj na nju pokazuju Mjesec i Sunce. Mjesec je djelotvorniji zato što je mnogo bliže. Zajednički učinak Mjeseca i Sunca naziva se <b>luni-solarnom precesijom</b>. No dok se Sunce nalazi uvijek u ravnini ekliptike, Mjesečeva staza je prema njoj nagnuta otprilike za 5°. Otuda dolazi do periodičke promjene Mjeseceva utjecaja, u vremenu od 18.66 godina (to je period regresije čvorova Mjesečeve staze), pa precesijski stožac nije sasvim gladak nego ispunjen naborima. Pojava nabora naziva se <a href="/wiki/Nutacija" title="Nutacija">nutacija</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opća_precesija"><span id="Op.C4.87a_precesija"></span>Opća precesija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Opća precesija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opća precesija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veličina luni-solarne precesije iznosi 50.37" na godinu. To je <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a> za koji bi se po ekliptici pomaknula <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetna točka</a> kada bi djelovali samo Mjesec i Sunce. No utječu još i planeti. Njihov se učinak ili planetska precesija ističe kao promjena položaja ravnine ekliptike. Pod privlačnom silom planeta, Zemlja se njiše oko 0.05" na godinu (u današnje vrijeme). Zbog toga će proljetna točka kliziti i po <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">nebeskom ekvatoru</a> za 0.13" na godinu, pa će u smjeru ekliptičkih dužina ukupan pomak iznositi 50.25" na godinu. To je godišnji iznos <b>opće Zemljine precesije</b>. </p><p>Zemljina precesija dovodi do razlike između Sunčeve (tropske) i zvjezdane (sideričke) godine. <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_godina" title="Zvjezdana godina">Zvjezdana godina</a> je vrijeme potrebno da Sunce na <a href="/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera">nebeskoj sferi</a> prevali puni kut ili, drugim riječima, vrijeme obilaženja Zemlje oko Sunca s obzirom na neki zadani smjer u prostoru (npr. u odnosu na proljetnu točku). U Sunčevoj godini Sunce prevali nebeskom sferom kut koji je od punog kuta manji za iznos Zemljine precesije; kut od 360° - 50.25” Sunce prijeđe za vrijeme Sunčeve godine od 365.2422 dana, a kut od 360° za vrijeme zvjezdane godine. Zvjezdana godina je oko 20 minuta duža od <a href="/wiki/Tropska_godina" title="Tropska godina">Sunčeve godine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platonova_godina">Platonova godina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Platonova godina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Platonova godina"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iz iznosa opće precesije lako nađemo razdoblje vremena u kojemu Zemljina os obiđe precesijski <a href="/wiki/Sto%C5%BEac" title="Stožac">stožac</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetna točka</a> puni krug po nebeskom ekvatoru. Ako pomak u jednoj godini iznosi 50.25", tada za pomak od 360° treba 25 800 godina. To je <a href="/wiki/Platonova_godina" title="Platonova godina">Platonova godina</a>. U tom razdoblju <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_polovi" title="Nebeski polovi">nebeski pol</a> opiše <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%BEnica" title="Kružnica">kružnicu</a> među zvijezdama. Stoga će današnju <a href="/wiki/Sjevernja%C4%8Da" title="Sjevernjača">Sjevernjaču</a> (α <a href="/wiki/Mali_medvjed" title="Mali medvjed">Malog medvjeda</a>) zamjenjivati druge zvijezde. Prije 5000 godina zabilježena je kao Sjevernjača zvijezda Tuban (α <a href="/wiki/Zmaj_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Zmaj (zviježđe)">Zmaja</a>). Oko godine 14 000. kao Sjevernjača će služiti zvijezda <a href="/wiki/Vega" title="Vega">Vega</a>, iako sjevernom nebeskom polu neće prići bliže od 5°. Od vremena kada su <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronomi</a> imenovali <a href="/wiki/Zvije%C5%BE%C4%91a" class="mw-redirect" title="Zviježđa">zviježđa</a> i ustanovili Zemljinu precesiju, proljetna se točka pomaknula iz <a href="/wiki/Ovan_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Ovan (zviježđe)">zviježđa Ovna</a> u <a href="/wiki/Ribe_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Ribe (zviježđe)">zviježđe Riba</a>, a tako su se u susjedno zviježđe pomaknule i ostale glavne točke ekliptike. Znakovi tih točaka ostali su međutim isti kao što su i bili. S pomakom proljetne točke povezana je najviše i promjena zvjezdanih <a href="/wiki/Rektascenzija" title="Rektascenzija">rektascenzija</a>, dok je promjena <a href="/wiki/Deklinacija_(astronomija)" title="Deklinacija (astronomija)">deklinacija</a> mnogo manja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>precesija</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=50038">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladis_Vujnovi%C4%87" title="Vladis Vujnović">Vladis Vujnović</a> : "Astronomija", Školska knjiga, 1989.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&oldid=6840959">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemljina_precesija&oldid=6840959</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Zemlja" title="Kategorija:Zemlja">Zemlja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nebeska_mehanika" title="Kategorija:Nebeska mehanika">Nebeska mehanika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 14. veljače 2024. u 12:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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