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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84" title="酷い – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酷い" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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the free dictionary</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese">Japanese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable kanji-table floatright" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Kanji</a> in this term </th></tr> <tr lang="ja" class="Jpan" style="font-size: 2em; background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit; line-height: 1em;"> <td style="padding: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B7#Japanese" title="酷">酷</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit;"> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja">ひど</span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#jōyō_kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Grade: S</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kun'yomi" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">kun'yomi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable ja-see" style="min-width:70%"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>For pronunciation and definitions of <span lang="ja" class="Jpan">酷い</span> – see the following entry.</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff)"> <table style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space:nowrap;width:15%;vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:x-large"><span lang="ja" class="Jpan">【<a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A9%E3%81%84#Japanese" title="ひどい">ひどい</a>】</span></span> </td> <td style=""> <dl><dd><span style="padding-right:.6em;color:var(--wikt-palette-darkgrey, #54595d);font-size:80%">[adjective]</span> <a href="/wiki/cruel" title="cruel">cruel</a></dd> <dd><span style="padding-right:.6em;color:var(--wikt-palette-darkgrey, #54595d);font-size:80%">[adjective]</span> <a href="/wiki/severe" title="severe">severe</a>, <a href="/wiki/terrible" title="terrible">terrible</a></dd> <dd><span style="padding-right:.6em;color:var(--wikt-palette-darkgrey, #54595d);font-size:80%">[adjective]</span> very <a href="/wiki/bad" title="bad">bad</a>, <a href="/wiki/terrible" title="terrible">terrible</a></dd> <dd><div style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-cream, #f8f8f0)"><span style="color:var(--wikt-palette-darkgrey, #54595d);font-size:80%">Alternative spelling</span><br /><span style="margin-left:.8em"><span lang="ja" class="Jpan"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%81%93%E3%81%84#Japanese" title="非道い">非道い</a></span></span></div></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(This term, <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja"><span lang="ja" class="Jpan">酷い</span></i>, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable kanji-table floatright" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Kanji</a> in this term </th></tr> <tr lang="ja" class="Jpan" style="font-size: 2em; background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit; line-height: 1em;"> <td style="padding: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B7#Japanese" title="酷">酷</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit;"> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja">むご</span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#jōyō_kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Grade: S</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kun'yomi" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">kun'yomi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal">Alternative spellings </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:108%"><span class="Jpan" lang="ja" style="font-size:140%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A8%E3%81%84#Japanese" title="惨い">惨い</a></span><br /><span class="Jpan" lang="ja" style="font-size:140%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%90%E3%81%84#Japanese" title="虐い">虐い</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83928332">.mw-parser-output .maintenance-box{width:90%;margin:0.75em auto;border-width:1px;border-style:dashed;padding:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .request-box{margin:0.75em 1em 0.75em 1em;border:1px dashed var(--border-color-base,#999999);padding:0.25em;background:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .request-box table{margin-top:0.25em;margin-bottom:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-blue{background-color:#E6E6FF;border-color:#000061}.mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-red{background-color:#FFE6E6;border-color:#610000}.mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-yellow{background-color:#FFFFE6;border-color:#616100}.mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-grey{background-color:#F2F2F2;border-color:#303030}.mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-orange{background-color:#FFF2E6;border-color:#612F00}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-blue{background-color:#1D1D44;border-color:#73737F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-red{background-color:#441D1D;border-color:#7F7373}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-yellow{background-color:#323216;border-color:#7F7F73}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-grey{background-color:#303030;border-color:#797979}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-orange{background-color:#44301D;border-color:#7F7973}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-blue{background-color:#1D1D44;border-color:#73737F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-red{background-color:#441D1D;border-color:#7F7373}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-yellow{background-color:#323216;border-color:#7F7F73}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-grey{background-color:#303030;border-color:#797979}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .maintenance-box-orange{background-color:#44301D;border-color:#7F7973}}</style><span class="maintenance-line">(This <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Etymology" title="Wiktionary:Etymology">etymology</a> is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Etymology_scriptorium" title="Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium">Etymology scriptorium</a>.)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="usage-label-accent"><span class="ib-brac label-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content label-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo dialect">Tokyo</a></span><span class="ib-brac label-brac">)</span></span> <span lang="ja" class="Jpan">む<span style="border-top:1px solid;position:relative;padding:1px;">ご<span style="position:absolute;top:0;bottom:67%;right:0%;border-right:1px solid;"></span></span>い</span> <span class="Latn"><samp>[mùgóꜜì]</samp></span> (<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%9E%8B" title="中高型">Nakadaka</a> – [2])<sup id="cite_ref-DJR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMK2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMK2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZAJ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZAJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Japanese pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">[mɯ̟ɡo̞i]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adjective">Adjective</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adjective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Jpan headword" lang="ja"><ruby>酷<rp>(</rp><rt><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%80%E3%81%94%E3%81%84#Japanese" title="むごい">むご</a></rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>い</strong> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Japanese_transliteration" title="Wiktionary:Japanese transliteration">•</a> (<span lang="ja-Latn" class="headword-tr tr Latn" dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/mugoi#Japanese" title="mugoi">mugoi</a></span></span>) <i><abbr title="-i (type I) inflection">-i</abbr></i> (<i>adverbial</i> <b class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酷く (page does not exist)"><ruby>酷<rp>(</rp><rt>むご</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>く</a></b> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">mugoku</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>) </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/horrible" title="horrible">horrible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/cruel" title="cruel">cruel</a> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" class="Jpan">あれは<ruby>実<rp>(</rp><rt>じつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>に<b><ruby>酷<rp>(</rp><rt>むご</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>い</b><ruby>事件<rp>(</rp><rt>じけん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だった。</span><dl><dd><i><span class="tr">Are wa jitsu ni <b>mugoi</b> jiken datta.</span></i></dd><dd>That was a really <b>cruel</b> incident.</dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Inflection">Inflection</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inflection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" style="border:0px; margin-bottom:0.1em"> <div class="NavHead" align="left" style="font-size:105%; margin: 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #A2A9B1); background-color: var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa);"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_verbs" title="Appendix:Japanese verbs">Inflection</a> of <span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><strong class="selflink">酷い</strong></span></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%; border-top: 0"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; width: 100%; border-top: 0" rules="all"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="border-top: 0">Stem forms </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:20%">Imperfective (<span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%BD%A2#Japanese" title="未然形">未然形</a></span>) </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷かろ</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごかろ</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokaro</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Continuative (<span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%94%A8%E5%BD%A2#Japanese" title="連用形">連用形</a></span>) </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷く</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごく</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoku</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Terminal (<span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E6%AD%A2%E5%BD%A2#Japanese" title="終止形">終止形</a></span>) </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷い</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごい</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoi</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Attributive (<span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E4%BD%93%E5%BD%A2#Japanese" title="連体形">連体形</a></span>) </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷い</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごい</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoi</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Hypothetical (<span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BD%A2#Japanese" title="仮定形">仮定形</a></span>) </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷けれ</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごけれ</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokere</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Imperative (<span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%BD%A2#Japanese" title="命令形">命令形</a></span>) </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷かれ</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごかれ</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokare</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Key constructions </th></tr> <tr> <th>Informal negative </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷くない</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごくない</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoku nai</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Informal past </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷かった</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごかった</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokatta</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Informal negative past </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷くなかった</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごくなかった</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoku nakatta</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Formal </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷いです</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごいです</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoi desu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Formal negative </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷くないです</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごくないです</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoku nai desu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Formal past </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷かったです</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごかったです</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokatta desu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Formal negative past </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷くなかったです</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごくなかったです</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoku nakatta desu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Conjunctive </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷くて</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごくて</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokute</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Conditional </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷ければ</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごければ</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokereba</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Provisional </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷かったら</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごかったら</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokattara</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Volitional </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷かろう</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごかろう</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugokarō</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Adverbial </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷く</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごく</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugoku</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Degree </th> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">酷さ</span> </td> <td><span class="Jpan" lang="ja-Jpan">むごさ</span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">mugosa</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align:left"> </div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="See_also">See also</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B7#Japanese" title="酷"><ruby>酷<rp>(</rp><rt>こく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a></span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr"><span class="mention-tr tr">koku</span></span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B7%E3%81%84&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DJR-1"><a href="#cite_ref-DJR_1-0"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E6%9D%BE%E6%9D%91%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="w:ja:松村明">Matsumura, Akira</a>, editor (<span class="None" lang="und">2006</span>), <cite><span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%9E%97" class="extiw" title="w:ja:大辞林">大辞林</a></span></cite> [<cite><span class="e-translation"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daijirin" class="extiw" title="w:Daijirin">Daijirin</a></span></cite>] (in Japanese), Third edition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanseid%C5%8D" class="extiw" title="w:Sanseidō">Sanseidō</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-385-13905-9" title="Special:BookSources/4-385-13905-9">→ISBN</a></small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMK2-2"><a href="#cite_ref-SMK2_2-0"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dsuke_Kindaichi" class="extiw" title="w:Kyōsuke Kindaichi">Kindaichi, Kyōsuke</a> et al., editors (<span class="None" lang="und">1974</span>), <cite><span class="Jpan" lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E6%96%B0%E6%98%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8" class="extiw" title="w:ja:新明解国語辞典">新明解国語辞典</a></span></cite> [<cite><span class="e-translation"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Meikai_Kokugo_Jiten" class="extiw" title="w:Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten">Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten</a></span></cite>] (in Japanese), Second edition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanseid%C5%8D" class="extiw" title="w:Sanseidō">Sanseidō</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZAJ-3"><a href="#cite_ref-ZAJ_3-0"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%B9%B3%E5%B1%B1%E8%BC%9D%E7%94%B7" class="extiw" title="w:ja:平山輝男">Hirayama, Teruo</a>, editor (<span class="None" lang="und">1960</span>), <cite><span class="Jpan" lang="ja">全国アクセント辞典</span> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="tr">Zenkoku Akusento Jiten</span>, <span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">Nationwide Accent Dictionary</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span></cite> (in Japanese), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" class="extiw" title="w:Tōkyō">Tōkyō</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%8Dd%C5%8D_Shoten" class="extiw" title="w:Tōkyōdō Shoten">Tōkyōdō</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-490-10023-X" title="Special:BookSources/4-490-10023-X">→ISBN</a></small></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=酷い&oldid=82923546">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=酷い&oldid=82923546</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_spelled_with_%E9%85%B7_read_as_%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A9" title="Category:Japanese terms spelled with 酷 read as ひど">Japanese terms spelled with 酷 read as ひど</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_read_with_kun%27yomi" title="Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi">Japanese terms read with kun'yomi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_adjectives" title="Category:Japanese adjectives">Japanese adjectives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_lemmas" title="Category:Japanese lemmas">Japanese lemmas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_spelled_with_secondary_school_kanji" title="Category:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji">Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_with_1_kanji" title="Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji">Japanese terms with 1 kanji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_spelled_with_%E9%85%B7_read_as_%E3%82%80%E3%81%94" title="Category:Japanese terms spelled with 酷 read as むご">Japanese terms spelled with 酷 read as むご</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_with_IPA_pronunciation" title="Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation">Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_with_multiple_readings" title="Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings">Japanese terms with multiple readings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_%E3%81%84-i_adjectives" title="Category:Japanese い-i adjectives">Japanese い-i adjectives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_terms_with_usage_examples" title="Category:Japanese terms with usage examples">Japanese terms with usage examples</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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