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(PDF) British Women's Writing in the 18th Century

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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F66025882%2FBritish_Womens_Writing_in_the_Long_Eighteenth_Century_Authorship_History_Politics%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":77376397,"identifier":"Attachment_77376397","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":66025882,"created_at":"2021-12-26T07:58:38.098-08:00","from_world_paper_id":189166436,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T10:14:46.541-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"The collection 'British Women's Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century: Authorship, History, Politics' explores the contributions of female authors during the 18th century, highlighting the complexity of women's narratives and their engagement with historical and political contexts. Through essays focused on notable figures like Aphra Behn and Virginia Woolf, the volume examines the intersection of gender, identity, and literary form, revealing the richness and diversity in women's writing while addressing gaps in representation and context.","ai_title_tag":"British Women's Writing in the 18th Century"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"British Women's Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century: Authorship, History, Politics","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34632104]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;swp-splash-paper-cover&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:77376397,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;}"><img alt="First page of “British Women&#39;s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century: Authorship, History, Politics”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/77376397/mini_magick20211226-1921-1u0aasf.png?1640534420" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">British Women&#39;s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century: Authorship, History, Politics</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34632104" href="https://umd.academia.edu/LauraRosenthal"><img alt="Profile image of Laura J . Rosenthal" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34632104/37830464/31868401/s65_laura.rosenthal.jpg" />Laura J . Rosenthal</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 66025882; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&amp;work_ids%5B%5D=66025882"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The collection &#39;British Women&#39;s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century: Authorship, History, Politics&#39; explores the contributions of female authors during the 18th century, highlighting the complexity of women&#39;s narratives and their engagement with historical and political contexts. Through essays focused on notable figures like Aphra Behn and Virginia Woolf, the volume examines the intersection of gender, identity, and literary form, revealing the richness and diversity in women&#39;s writing while addressing gaps in representation and context.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:77376397,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/66025882/British_Womens_Writing_in_the_Long_Eighteenth_Century_Authorship_History_Politics&quot;}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:77376397,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/66025882/British_Womens_Writing_in_the_Long_Eighteenth_Century_Authorship_History_Politics&quot;}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;signup-banner&quot;}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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In Chapter 4, &#39;Verisimilitudes: Curiosity, Wonder, and Negative Capability&#39;, Nandrea reads Shelley&#39;s Frankenstein and Hardy&#39;s Mayor of Casterbridge to show how Victorian realist novels intermittently &#39;gesture toward a different project […] capable of provoking the passively absorbed state of wonder&#39; (p.148). In the conclusion, &#39;Woolf &#39;s Fin&#39;, she returns to the ethics of her project through close readings of Jacob&#39;s Room and The Waves, which leads to a call for investigations of style that do not reduce &#39;knowing and learning to the facile exchange values of capitalism&#39; (p.202). Nandrea&#39;s speculative reconstruction poses questions that open up less frequented paths in the history of eighteenth-century literature, but it also raises questions about others that are not adequately addressed. The specific strengths of this stimulating book are attention to detail and the juxtaposition of multiple discourses to reinvigorate the discussion of wellknown novels. Subject areas not fully incorporated are print history, labour history, proletarian literature and popular reading. Examples of specific issues that might have been taken up in greater detail are the impact of material form (e.g., serialisation) on production and reception, and, in relation, the role of labour practices, for example in the changing use of typography. The treatment of Mary Barton as furthering &#39;sympathetic understanding&#39; (p.134) and as emphasising &#39;learning and process&#39; (p.136) is insufficient, as is the description of a repetitive &#39;mass&#39; response to popular literature as &#39;powerfully programmed into us by culture&#39; (p.59). In relation, the primary weakness of this book is the underlying representation of reading as a form of transmission. Nandrea argues, to cite only two examples, that John Dunton used &#39;typographical effects to communicate affect&#39; (p.61) and that &#39;the novel of sensibility works to produce the sensible reader&#39; (p.84). As Roy Harris has shown, meaning does not reside in texts and texts do not send messages to readers: people make their own meaning according to interests and circumstances through the historical act of reading. While Nandrea&#39;s argument that literary criticism has in various ways &#39;reduced or distorted the diverse appeals of Victorian novels&#39; (p.9) is justified, the specificity of her close readings of playful ambiguity in canonical texts should be contrasted with approaches that more fully describe the historicity of production and reception. For example, her call for attention to style in a small sample of &#39;non-instrumental&#39; texts may be usefully situated alongside the distant reading of Franco Moretti and the attention of book historians to a range of historical reading practices within the field of eighteenth-century studies. Nevertheless, Misfit Forms is a thought-provoking book that will interest scholars of the eighteenth-century novel, nineteenth-century reading practices, English literature and theories of affect.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;British Women&#39;s Life Writing, 1760–1840: Friendship, Community, and Collaboration&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119366070,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/125296378/British_Womens_Life_Writing_1760_1840_Friendship_Community_and_Collaboration&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125296378/British_Womens_Life_Writing_1760_1840_Friendship_Community_and_Collaboration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="83666108" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83666108/British_Womens_Writing_in_the_Long_Eighteenth_Century">British Women&#39;s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="176862287" href="https://qmul.academia.edu/CoraKaplan">Cora Kaplan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;British Women&#39;s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:88935885,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/83666108/British_Womens_Writing_in_the_Long_Eighteenth_Century&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83666108/British_Womens_Writing_in_the_Long_Eighteenth_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="24604697" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24604697/Lost_and_Found_the_Woman_Writer_in_the_Eighteenth_Century">Lost and Found: the Woman Writer in the Eighteenth Century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6547668" href="https://kingston.academia.edu/NormaClarke">Norma Clarke</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Gender &lt;html_ent glyph=&quot;@amp;&quot; ascii=&quot;&amp;amp;&quot;/&gt; History, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A book addressing English literary history between 1380 and 1589 would not normally, perhaps, suggest other than a specialist readership and would not obviously take its place in a review of books concerned mostly with the eighteenth century. Jennifer Summit&#39;s Lost Property is an exception. This is a major intervention in historicised debates about women and writing which has implications for how we think about &#39;the woman writer&#39; in all periods and across genres. Summit&#39;s period marks the beginnings of print culture, which is also the beginning of the cultural construction of the author and of literary tradition. She argues that in its very formation, English literature defined itself to a remarkable extent around the idea of the &#39;lost&#39; woman writer; and that this figure which subsequent generations took at face value was, even in its inception, essentially rhetorical or mythical. To put it crudely (which Summit does not) the mythical element acquired a life of its own, complicating the activities of actual writing women and pervading subsequent representations of women as writers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Lost and Found: the Woman Writer in the Eighteenth Century&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:44934338,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/24604697/Lost_and_Found_the_Woman_Writer_in_the_Eighteenth_Century&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24604697/Lost_and_Found_the_Woman_Writer_in_the_Eighteenth_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="95898846" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95898846/Women_s_Writing_in_English_Early_Modern_England">Women’s Writing in English: Early Modern England</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="182782721" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanetClare2">Janet Clare</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Renaissance Quarterly, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="14957947" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14957947/Review_of_Amy_Culleys_British_Womens_Life_Writing_1760_1840_2014_">Review of Amy Culley&#39;s _British Women&#39;s Life Writing, 1760-1840_ (2014)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173397" href="https://wfu.academia.edu/StephanieKoscak">Stephanie Koscak</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Review of Amy Culley&#39;s _British Women&#39;s Life Writing, 1760-1840_ (2014)&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:38488430,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/14957947/Review_of_Amy_Culleys_British_Womens_Life_Writing_1760_1840_2014_&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14957947/Review_of_Amy_Culleys_British_Womens_Life_Writing_1760_1840_2014_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="116445301" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116445301/From_Paratext_to_Epitext_Mapping_the_Authorial_Apparatus_in_Early_Modern_Womens_Writing">From Paratext to Epitext: Mapping the Authorial Apparatus in Early Modern Women&#39;s Writing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278675089" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/RosalindSmith">Rosalind Smith</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Parergon, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Our focus on Early Modern Women&#39;s Writing and the Apparatus of Authorship in this special issue of Parergon responds to emerging trends in early modern women&#39;s studies that emphasize the importance of the material text to the literary, historical, and political analysis of women&#39;s works in the long early modern period. Attention to the material contexts of women&#39;s works is not new; it has, for instance, been a staple of the invaluable critical introductions to early modern women&#39;s texts that have been produced in the past thirty years. 1 However, it is also the case that, until relatively recently, such scholarship has remained something of a specialist concern, standing in paratexual relationship to the text proper, as an introduction to the work that follows. This relationship has been reinforced in criticism that considers the literary interpretation of early modern women&#39;s writing before, or outside of, its material and textual specificity. 2 If there has been something of a time lag in the material turn in early modern women&#39;s studies, this might be attributed, as Sarah C. E. Ross suggests in her introduction, to the field&#39;s initial focus 1 See, for instance, textual introductions to critical editions of better-known early modern women authors,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;From Paratext to Epitext: Mapping the Authorial Apparatus in Early Modern Women&#39;s Writing&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:112574162,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/116445301/From_Paratext_to_Epitext_Mapping_the_Authorial_Apparatus_in_Early_Modern_Womens_Writing&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116445301/From_Paratext_to_Epitext_Mapping_the_Authorial_Apparatus_in_Early_Modern_Womens_Writing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:77376397,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:77376397,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_77376397" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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