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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen%C3%B2lit" title="Xenòlit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xenòlit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolit" title="Xenolit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Xenolit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolith" title="Xenolith – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xenolith" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenoliit" title="Ksenoliit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ksenoliit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolito" title="Xenolito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xenolito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenolito" title="Ksenolito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ksenolito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolito" title="Xenolito – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xenolito" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بیگانه‌سنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیگانه‌سنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A9nolithe" title="Xénolithe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xénolithe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolit" title="Xenolit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xenolit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framandsteinn" title="Framandsteinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Framandsteinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolite" title="Xenolite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xenolite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קסנולית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קסנולית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ксенолит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ксенолит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ксенолиттер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ксенолиттер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenolitas" title="Ksenolitas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ksenolitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolit" title="Xenolit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xenolit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoliet" title="Xenoliet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xenoliet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E7%8D%B2%E5%B2%A9" title="捕獲岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="捕獲岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolitt" title="Xenolitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xenolitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolith" title="Xenolith – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Xenolith" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenolit" title="Ksenolit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ksenolit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen%C3%B3lito" title="Xenólito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xenólito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ксенолит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ксенолит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolith" title="Xenolith – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xenolith" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolit" title="Xenolit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Xenolit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenolit" title="Ksenolit – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ksenolit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolit" title="Xenolit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xenolit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Ксеноліт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ксеноліт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_t%C3%B9" title="Thể tù – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thể tù" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E8%99%8F%E5%B2%A9" title="捕虏岩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捕虏岩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q488640#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xenolith" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rock inside a rock with a different composition</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xenolith_in_andesite_(Tertiary;_Yellowstone,_Wyoming,_USA)_6_(48555518367).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Xenolith_in_andesite_%28Tertiary%3B_Yellowstone%2C_Wyoming%2C_USA%29_6_%2848555518367%29.jpg/220px-Xenolith_in_andesite_%28Tertiary%3B_Yellowstone%2C_Wyoming%2C_USA%29_6_%2848555518367%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Xenolith_in_andesite_%28Tertiary%3B_Yellowstone%2C_Wyoming%2C_USA%29_6_%2848555518367%29.jpg/330px-Xenolith_in_andesite_%28Tertiary%3B_Yellowstone%2C_Wyoming%2C_USA%29_6_%2848555518367%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Xenolith_in_andesite_%28Tertiary%3B_Yellowstone%2C_Wyoming%2C_USA%29_6_%2848555518367%29.jpg/440px-Xenolith_in_andesite_%28Tertiary%3B_Yellowstone%2C_Wyoming%2C_USA%29_6_%2848555518367%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbroic</a> xenolith in andesite, <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> of Wyoming, United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iddingsite.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Iddingsite.JPG/220px-Iddingsite.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Iddingsite.JPG/330px-Iddingsite.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Iddingsite.JPG/440px-Iddingsite.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">Olivine</a> <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> to <a href="/wiki/Iddingsite" title="Iddingsite">iddingsite</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> xenolith</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>xenolith</b> ("foreign rock") is a <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a> fragment (<a href="/wiki/Country_rock_(geology)" title="Country rock (geology)">country rock</a>) that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification. In <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, the term <i>xenolith</i> is almost exclusively used to describe <a href="/wiki/Inclusion_(mineral)" title="Inclusion (mineral)">inclusions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> entrained during <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> ascent, emplacement and eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xenoliths may be engulfed along the margins of a <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">magma chamber</a>, torn loose from the walls of an erupting <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> conduit or explosive <a href="/wiki/Diatreme" title="Diatreme">diatreme</a> or picked up along the base of a flowing body of lava on the Earth's surface. A <b>xenocryst</b> is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> crystals in a <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a>-deficient lava and <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a> within <a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">kimberlite</a> diatremes. Xenoliths can be non-uniform within individual locations, even in areas which are spatially limited, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a>-dominated lava of <a href="/wiki/Nii-jima" title="Nii-jima">Niijima</a> volcano (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>) contains two types of <a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">gabbroic</a> xenoliths which are of different origin - they were formed in different temperature and pressure conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the term xenolith is most commonly associated with inclusions in igneous rocks,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a broad definition could also include rock fragments which have become encased in <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NatGeogXeno_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatGeogXeno-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KomovEtAl_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KomovEtAl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xenoliths have been found in some <a href="/wiki/Meteorites" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorites">meteorites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-XenoLPI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XenoLPI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To be considered a true xenolith, the included rock must be identifiably different from the rock in which it is enveloped; an included rock of similar type is called an <i>autolith</i> or a cognate inclusion. </p><p>Xenoliths and xenocrysts provide important information about the composition of the otherwise inaccessible <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">kimberlites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamproite" title="Lamproite">lamproites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">lamprophyres</a>, which have their source in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_mantle_(Earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper mantle (Earth)">upper mantle</a>, often contain fragments and crystals assumed to be a part of the originating mantle mineralogy. Xenoliths of <a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">dunite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">peridotite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">spinel</a> <a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">lherzolite</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltic</a> lava flows are one example. Kimberlites contain, in addition to diamond xenocrysts, fragments of <a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">lherzolites</a> of varying composition. The <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>-bearing minerals of these fragments provide clues to the depth of origin. Calcic <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a> is stable to a depth of 25 km (16 mi). Between 25 km (16 mi) and about 60 km (37 mi), <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">spinel</a> is the stable aluminium phase. At depths greater than about 60 km, dense <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a> becomes the aluminium-bearing mineral. Some kimberlites contain xenoliths of <a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">eclogite</a>, which is considered to be the high-pressure <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphic</a> product of basaltic <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a>, as it descends into the mantle along <a href="/wiki/Subduction_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Subduction zone">subduction zones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The large-scale inclusion of foreign rock strata at the margins of an igneous intrusion is called a <i><a href="/wiki/Roof_pendant" title="Roof pendant">roof pendant</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenolith&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Xenoliths in granodiorite of the Alta Stock, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah"><img alt="Xenoliths in granodiorite of the Alta Stock, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG/120px-Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG/180px-Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG/240px-Xenoliths_Little_Cottonwood_Canyon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Xenoliths in <a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">granodiorite</a> of the Alta <a href="/wiki/Stock_(geology)" title="Stock (geology)">Stock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Cottonwood_Canyon" title="Little Cottonwood Canyon">Little Cottonwood Canyon</a>, Utah</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large xenolith of sandstone (probably from the Albee Formation) within the Fairlee Pluton in Vermont"><img alt="Large xenolith of sandstone (probably from the Albee Formation) within the Fairlee Pluton in Vermont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg/120px-Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg/180px-Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg/240px-Sandstone_xenolith_Fairlee_Pluton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large xenolith of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> (probably from the Albee Formation) within the Fairlee <a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">Pluton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Peridotite (green) mantle xenolith within a (dark) volcanic bomb from Vulkaneifel, Germany (coin of one euro for scale)"><img alt="Peridotite (green) mantle xenolith within a (dark) volcanic bomb from Vulkaneifel, Germany (coin of one euro for scale)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG/120px-Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG/180px-Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG/240px-Peridotitic_mantle_xenolith.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peridotite (green) mantle xenolith within a (dark) <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_bomb" title="Volcanic bomb">volcanic bomb</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vulkaneifel" title="Vulkaneifel">Vulkaneifel</a>, Germany (coin of one euro for scale)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nephelinit.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rounded, yellow, weathered peridotite xenolith in a nephelinite lava flow at Kaiserstuhl, SW Germany"><img alt="Rounded, yellow, weathered peridotite xenolith in a nephelinite lava flow at Kaiserstuhl, SW Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nephelinit.JPG/120px-Nephelinit.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nephelinit.JPG/180px-Nephelinit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nephelinit.JPG/240px-Nephelinit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rounded, yellow, weathered <a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">peridotite</a> xenolith in a <a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">nephelinite</a> lava flow at <a href="/wiki/Kaiserstuhl_(Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Kaiserstuhl (Baden-Württemberg)">Kaiserstuhl</a>, SW Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large xenolith of Baltimore Gneiss in the Guilford Quartz Monzonite in a wall of the old Waltersville Quarry, Granite, Maryland (about 1895)"><img alt="Large xenolith of Baltimore Gneiss in the Guilford Quartz Monzonite in a wall of the old Waltersville Quarry, Granite, Maryland (about 1895)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg/120px-Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg/180px-Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg/240px-Gneiss_Inclusion_in_Granite_Plate_XLI_Keyes_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2241" data-file-height="1428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large xenolith of Baltimore <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Guilford_Quartz_Monzonite" title="Guilford Quartz Monzonite">Guilford Quartz Monzonite</a> in a wall of the old Waltersville Quarry, <a href="/wiki/Granite,_Maryland" title="Granite, Maryland">Granite</a>, Maryland (about 1895)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_(Dubreuilville_Dike,_Archean;_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa,_Ontario,_Canada)_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lamprophyre with xenolith at Ontario, Canada."><img alt="Lamprophyre with xenolith at Ontario, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_%28Dubreuilville_Dike%2C_Archean%3B_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada%29_26.jpg/120px-Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_%28Dubreuilville_Dike%2C_Archean%3B_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada%29_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_%28Dubreuilville_Dike%2C_Archean%3B_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada%29_26.jpg/180px-Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_%28Dubreuilville_Dike%2C_Archean%3B_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada%29_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_%28Dubreuilville_Dike%2C_Archean%3B_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada%29_26.jpg/240px-Lamprophyre_with_xenolith_%28Dubreuilville_Dike%2C_Archean%3B_Route_17_roadcut_southeast_of_Princess_Lake_%26_north_of_Wawa%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada%29_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">Lamprophyre</a> with xenolith at Ontario, Canada.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Onion_Xenolith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xenolith in granite near Donner Pass, California (foot for scale)."><img alt="Xenolith in granite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Onion_Xenolith.jpg/67px-Onion_Xenolith.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Onion_Xenolith.jpg/101px-Onion_Xenolith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Onion_Xenolith.jpg/135px-Onion_Xenolith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="5312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Xenolith in granite near <a href="/wiki/Donner_Pass" title="Donner Pass">Donner Pass</a>, California (foot for scale).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenolith&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHansteenTroll2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hansteen, Thor H; Troll, Valentin R (2003-02-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000925410200325X">"Oxygen isotope composition of xenoliths from the oceanic crust and volcanic edifice beneath Gran Canaria (Canary Islands): consequences for crustal contamination of ascending magmas"</a>. <i>Chemical Geology</i>. <b>193</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>193. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ChGeo.193..181H">2003ChGeo.193..181H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2802%2900325-X">10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00325-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-2541">0009-2541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=Oxygen+isotope+composition+of+xenoliths+from+the+oceanic+crust+and+volcanic+edifice+beneath+Gran+Canaria+%28Canary+Islands%29%3A+consequences+for+crustal+contamination+of+ascending+magmas&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E193&rft.date=2003-02-14&rft.issn=0009-2541&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0009-2541%2802%2900325-X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ChGeo.193..181H&rft.aulast=Hansteen&rft.aufirst=Thor+H&rft.au=Troll%2C+Valentin+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS000925410200325X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArakawaEndoIkehataOshika2017" class="citation journal cs1">Arakawa, Yoji; Endo, Daisuke; Ikehata, Kei; Oshika, Junya; Shinmura, Taro; Mori, Yasushi (2017-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fgeo-2017-0001">"Two types of gabbroic xenoliths from rhyolite dominated Niijima volcano, northern part of Izu-Bonin arc: petrological and geochemical constraints"</a>. <i>Open Geosciences</i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OGeo....9....1A">2017OGeo....9....1A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fgeo-2017-0001">10.1515/geo-2017-0001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2391-5447">2391-5447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Two+types+of+gabbroic+xenoliths+from+rhyolite+dominated+Niijima+volcano%2C+northern+part+of+Izu-Bonin+arc%3A+petrological+and+geochemical+constraints&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.issn=2391-5447&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fgeo-2017-0001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017OGeo....9....1A&rft.aulast=Arakawa&rft.aufirst=Yoji&rft.au=Endo%2C+Daisuke&rft.au=Ikehata%2C+Kei&rft.au=Oshika%2C+Junya&rft.au=Shinmura%2C+Taro&rft.au=Mori%2C+Yasushi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%252Fgeo-2017-0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrollDeeganJolisHarris2013" class="citation journal cs1">Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Jolis, Ester M.; Harris, Chris; Chadwick, Jane P.; Gertisser, Ralf; Schwarzkopf, Lothar M.; Borisova, Anastassia Y.; Bindeman, Ilya N.; Sumarti, Sri; Preece, Katie (2013-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027312003253">"Magmatic differentiation processes at Merapi Volcano: inclusion petrology and oxygen isotopes"</a>. <i>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</i>. Merapi eruption. <b>261</b>: <span class="nowrap">38–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JVGR..261...38T">2013JVGR..261...38T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvolgeores.2012.11.001">10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-0273">0377-0273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Volcanology+and+Geothermal+Research&rft.atitle=Magmatic+differentiation+processes+at+Merapi+Volcano%3A+inclusion+petrology+and+oxygen+isotopes&rft.volume=261&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.issn=0377-0273&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jvolgeores.2012.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013JVGR..261...38T&rft.aulast=Troll&rft.aufirst=Valentin+R.&rft.au=Deegan%2C+Frances+M.&rft.au=Jolis%2C+Ester+M.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Chris&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Jane+P.&rft.au=Gertisser%2C+Ralf&rft.au=Schwarzkopf%2C+Lothar+M.&rft.au=Borisova%2C+Anastassia+Y.&rft.au=Bindeman%2C+Ilya+N.&rft.au=Sumarti%2C+Sri&rft.au=Preece%2C+Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0377027312003253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatGeogXeno-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NatGeogXeno_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/xenolith/">"Xenolith"</a>. <i>Encyclopedic Entries</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedic+Entries&rft.atitle=Xenolith&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fxenolith%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KomovEtAl-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KomovEtAl_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKomovLukashevKoplus1994" class="citation book cs1">Komov, I.L.; Lukashev, A.N.; Koplus, A.V. (1994). <i>Geochemical Methods of Prospecting for Non-Metallic Minerals</i>. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-6457-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-6457-2"><bdi>978-1-4665-6457-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geochemical+Methods+of+Prospecting+for+Non-Metallic+Minerals&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-4665-6457-2&rft.aulast=Komov&rft.aufirst=I.L.&rft.au=Lukashev%2C+A.N.&rft.au=Koplus%2C+A.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XenoLPI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XenoLPI_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/Xenoliths/">"Xenoliths in Meteorites"</a>. <i>Science at LPI</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lunar_and_Planetary_Institute" title="Lunar and Planetary Institute">Lunar and Planetary Institute</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+at+LPI&rft.atitle=Xenoliths+in+Meteorites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fscience%2FXenoliths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlattTracy1996" class="citation book cs1">Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert (1996). <i>Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic</i> (2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-2438-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-2438-3"><bdi>0-7167-2438-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petrology%3A+Igneous%2C+Sedimentary%2C+and+Metamorphic&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7167-2438-3&rft.aulast=Blatt&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.au=Tracy%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenolith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenolith&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nixon, Peter H. (1987). <i>Mantle Xenoliths</i>. J. Wiley & Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-91209-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-91209-3">0-471-91209-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenolith&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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