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<li id="toc-Backstage_Shoot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backstage_Shoot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>Backstage Shoot</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backstage_Shoot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ross_Reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ross_Reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>Ross Reports</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ross_Reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Back_Stage_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Back_Stage_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><i>Back Stage West</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Back_Stage_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backstage.com" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backstage.com"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Backstage.com</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backstage.com-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relaunches_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relaunches_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Relaunches and acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relaunches_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2017 staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Casting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editorial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editorial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Editorial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editorial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Entertainment industry publication</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Stage_management" title="Stage management">Stage management</a>.</div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Backstage_(magazine)" title="Special:EditPage/Backstage (magazine)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Backstage%22+magazine">"Backstage" magazine</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Backstage%22+magazine+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Backstage%22+magazine&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Backstage%22+magazine+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Backstage%22+magazine">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Backstage%22+magazine&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><i>Backstage</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BackStageCoverExample_and_CastingLogoDetail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/BackStageCoverExample_and_CastingLogoDetail.jpg/220px-BackStageCoverExample_and_CastingLogoDetail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a6/BackStageCoverExample_and_CastingLogoDetail.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="347" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The first issue of the new glossy magazine version of <i>Backstage</i>, launched on August 30, 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor-in-chief</th><td class="infobox-data">Briana Rodriguez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Weekly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"> 1960<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1960-month</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company</th><td class="infobox-data">Backstage, LLC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.backstage.com/">www<wbr />.backstage<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14874192#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0005-3635">0005-3635</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Backstage</b></i>, also previously written as <i><b>Back Stage</b></i>, is an American entertainment industry trade publication. Founded by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Zwerdling" title="Allen Zwerdling">Allen Zwerdling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Eaker_(publisher)" title="Ira Eaker (publisher)">Ira Eaker</a> in 1960, it covers the film and <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a> industry from the perspective of performers, unions, and <a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">casting</a>, with an emphasis on topics such as job opportunities and career advice. The brand encompasses the main <i>Backstage</i> magazine, and related publications such as its website, <i>Call Sheet</i> (formerly <i>Ross Reports</i>)—a bi-monthly directory of <a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">talent agents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casting_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting director">casting directors</a>, and casting calls, and other casting resources. </p><p>The publication was founded in, and originally focused primarily on <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and the U.S. east coast. In the 1990s, <i>Back Stage</i> established the Los Angeles–based <i>Back Stage West</i>, which competed primarily with the longer-established <i>Drama-Logue</i>; in 1998, <i>Drama-Logue</i> was acquired by <i>Back Stage</i> and merged into <i>Back Stage West</i>. In 2008, both versions were merged into a single national edition. </p><p>From the 1990s through the early 2010s, <i>Backstage</i> was a sister to fellow entertainment publications <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>, and later <i><a href="/wiki/Adweek" title="Adweek">Adweek</a></i>, via Billboard Publications and its corporate successors, such as <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Business Media">Nielsen Business Media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Global_Media" title="Prometheus Global Media">Prometheus Global Media</a>. In 2011, <i>Back Stage</i> was divested by Prometheus to a group led by John Amato, who relaunched the print and digital publications. After being briefly being re-acquired by Prometheus, it was sold to RZ Capital in 2013. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Backstage (the company) was founded by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Zwerdling" title="Allen Zwerdling">Allen Zwerdling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Eaker_(publisher)" title="Ira Eaker (publisher)">Ira Eaker</a> in New York City in December 1960 as a weekly tabloid-sized newspaper called <i>Back Stage</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zwerdling and Eaker had worked together for years as editor and advertising director, respectively, of the <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Business_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Show Business Weekly">Show Business</a></i> casting newspaper, which was founded by Leo Shull as <i>Actor's Cues</i> in 1941. After Zwerdling and Eaker left <i>Show Business</i> they looked into creating a casting section within <i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i> newspaper; but, having been turned down, they decided to launch <i>Backstage</i> on their own.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of its founding, <i>Backstage</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Newsmagazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsmagazine">newsmagazine</a>) was primarily a casting paper for New York actors intended to compete with <i>Show Business Weekly</i>. It gradually broadened its scope to include coverage of New York's television commercial production industry and a variety of performing arts, the former of which proved to be so lucrative advertising-wise that the commercial-production beat came to dominate the publication. Additionally, <i>Backstage's </i>reach began to slowly spread across the U.S., although the largest portion of its readership remained on the East Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Owing to the disparity between its main areas of coverage—a focus on casting and entertainment-industry job opportunities, general coverage of the performing arts (acting, legitimate theatre, cabaret, etc.), and its expanding coverage of the commercial production market—<i>Backstage</i> eventually incorporated the film and video production elements of its coverage into a weekly pull-out section called <i>Backstage Shoot,</i> a sort of mini-publication with a special focus on the commercials industry.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Then, in 1975, <i>Backstage</i> opened a Los Angeles bureau and began to more actively extend its casting and editorial coverage across the U.S., with correspondents based in Boston, Florida, Chicago, London, and other key entertainment-industry-centric areas added to the Backstage roster over the years.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Around 1977, co-founder Ira Eaker's daughter, Sherry Eaker, joined <i>Backstage</i> as an editor and worked to further expand <i>Backstage</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s editorial coverage, especially in the areas of theater criticism, cabaret, dance, union news, and advice columns for performers. Sherry Eaker also fostered a relationship between <i>Backstage</i> and its historical antecedent, the British-based newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stage" title="The Stage">The Stage</a></i>, which shared a similar look, printing schedule, and market-focus.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1986, <i>Backstage</i> was bought by Billboard Publications Inc. (BPI), owner of such publications as <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard (magazine)</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, BPI bought <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Backstage and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i> along with a few other related brands, were grouped together within BPI, becoming its film and performing arts division, a group designed to compete with <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> and other entertainment-industry trade publications. Backstage would become involved in a number of other acquisitions, mergers, spin-offs, and sales over the next few decades.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backstage_Shoot"><i>Backstage Shoot</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Backstage Shoot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(advertising_magazine)" title="Shoot (advertising magazine)">SHOOT</a></div> <p>On July 6, 1990, the <i>Backstage Shoot </i>pull-out section of <i>Backstage </i>magazine<i> </i>was spun off into a full, standalone publication, <i>SHOOT</i>. The concept was to have <i>Backstage</i> concentrate on actors, performing artists, and theatre, while <i>SHOOT</i> would continue to "serve the news and information needs of creative and production decision-makers at ad agencies, and executives & artisans in the production industry" (according to their official press materials found on ShootOnline.com).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To emphasize the change, the official <i>Backstage</i> tagline "The complete service weekly for the communications and entertainment industry" was switched to <i>The Performing Arts Weekly</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ross_Reports"><i>Ross Reports</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ross Reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Around this time, <i>Backstage</i> acquired the New York–based <i>Ross Reports</i> publication, a monthly digest founded in 1949 by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_A._Ross" title="Wallace A. Ross">Wallace A. Ross</a>. <i>The Ross Reports</i> compiled information on casting directors, agents, managers, production companies, and upcoming film and television productions.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In early 1994, Netherlands-based company <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nederlandse_Uitgeverijen" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen">VNU</a> bought <i>Backstage</i> owner BPI.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VNU eventually came to own a variety of trade publications—including all of the BPI magazines as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Mediaweek_(American_magazine)" title="Mediaweek (American magazine)">Mediaweek</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Adweek" title="Adweek">Adweek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_Journal_International" title="Film Journal International">Film Journal International</a></i>, <i>The Hollywood Creative Directory</i>, and many others—along with measurement company <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a>, and events such as <a href="/wiki/ShoWest" class="mw-redirect" title="ShoWest">ShoWest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clio_Awards" title="Clio Awards">Clio Awards</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Back_Stage_West"><i>Back Stage West</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Back Stage West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Also in early 1994, <i>Back Stage</i> publisher Steve Elish hired a West Coast editor-in-chief, Rob Kendt, to help create a new publication, <i>Back Stage West</i>, a weekly trade paper similar to the New York–based <i>Back Stage</i> but with a focus on the West Coast acting community and casting opportunities based in California. At the time, despite past efforts, <i>Backstage</i> was still popular primarily in the Northeast U.S.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In May 1998, <i>Back Stage</i> acquired its main local competitor, <i>Drama-Logue</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Drama-Logue company was founded by Bill Bordy in 1969 as a casting hotline, and in 1972 it became a weekly trade publication entitled <i>The Hollywood Drama-Logue Casting Sheet</i>, commonly known simply as <i>Drama-Logue</i>. Before the end of 1998, Drama-Logue's holdings were fully integrated into Backstage.com and <i>Back Stage West,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> which for a time was co-branded as <i>Back Stage West/Drama-Logue.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backstage.com">Backstage.com</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Backstage.com"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Beginning in the late 1990s, a number of casting information and entertainment job websites began cropping up, offering specialized online tools for actors, performers, and models, including online casting submission systems and video-enhanced resumes. Backstage.com, introduced by Publisher Steve Elish, was a leader in taking the casting industry online. Its early products included a paid member's area, which charged $9.95 per month for unlimited access to articles and casting calls across New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Florida, Las Vegas, and other key entertainment-industry hubs. The monthly fee also entitled subscribers to inclusion in the website's first iteration of a headshot and resume database.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Starting in 2000, writer-editor-filmmaker and web-developer Luke Crowe joined the company, and began working on the development of online casting tools for Backstage. Over the next few years, Backstage.com introduced options for casting directors to self-post breakdowns, a searchable acting-jobs database of casting notices, interactive audition lists, casting coverage in every state in the U.S., and an advanced headshot and resume talent database, among other new options, some of the first online tools ever developed for actors and casting directors. The number of new casting notices listed on Backstage.com each week expanded from the hundreds to the thousands over the next few years, while monthly site traffic increased from the hundreds-of-thousands to the millions.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">In addition to encompassing all of the content from Backstage<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s print publications, the website's scope continued to expand to include more online-exclusive casting notices and original online-only news stories, feature articles, entertainment-industry listings, and reviews. During this time period, several competitors challenged the brand, but it remained the industry leader. However, the competition eventually sparked major changes in Backstage<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s development, and in October 2005 Backstage relaunched its print and online publications in order to regain its edge.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relaunches_and_acquisitions">Relaunches and acquisitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relaunches and acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">During this 2005 relaunch process, all Backstage publications were redesigned (including <i>Backstage West</i>); various staffing changes took place; the East Coast/New York edition of <i>Backstage</i> was renamed <i>Backstage East</i>; Backstage.com began publishing more articles on a daily basis and introduced more exclusive editorial content, blogs, feeds, and tools; and Casting. Backstage.com was founded, giving Backstage.com users access to even more advanced casting/job search, sort, alert, and application tools, along with a more robust talent database featuring resumes, pictures, video reels, and audio reels of thousands of working and aspiring actors and performers.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Around this same time, the primary <i>Backstage</i> <a href="/wiki/Tagline" title="Tagline">tagline</a> changed from "The Performing Arts Weekly" to "The Actor's Resource." A secondary branding slogan, "Casting You Can Trust—Since 1960" was also added and given prominent placement both on Backstage.com and on the front covers of the weekly East Coast and West Coast newspaper/magazine versions of Backstage. And sister publication <i>SHOOT</i> (and ShootOnline.com) was sold to another publishing company.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">In 2006, a company called Valcon Acquisition B.V., run by a private equity group consortium, bought VNU, making Valcon the new owner of Backstage and all other VNU holdings. Then, on January 18, 2007, VNU rebranded itself <a href="/wiki/The_Nielsen_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nielsen Company">The Nielsen Company</a>, with its trade-publication division being renamed Nielsen Business Media.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">In early 2007, VP/Group Publisher Steve Elish retired from <i>Backstage</i> after 34 years. However, co-founder Ira Eaker's daughter, former longtime Backstage editor-in-chief Sherry Eaker, carried on her father's work as Backstage's editor at large, along with editor-at-large David Sheward, who left his executive editor position at Backstage after working for the brand for over 28 years.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Former publishers include Steve Elish, Jeff Black, and Charlie Weiss. Former lead editors include Sherry Eaker, Rob Kendt, Jamie Painter Young, Daniel Holloway, Dany Margolies, Tom Penketh, Erik Haagensen, Roger Armbrust, Leonard Jacobs, David Fairhurst, Andrew Salomon, Dan Lehman, dance editor Jennie Schulman (who wrote for Backstage for over 40 continuous years, starting with its first issue on Dec. 2, 1960<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), film and television editor <a href="/wiki/Jenelle_Riley" title="Jenelle Riley">Jenelle Riley</a>, contributing editor Jackie Apodaca, and actor-columnist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kostroff" title="Michael Kostroff">Michael Kostroff</a> (known for his work in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire" title="The Wire">The Wire</a></i>), among others. </p><p>In October 2008, <i>Backstage East</i> and <i>Backstage West</i> were permanently combined into a single weekly publication with an expanded national focus. This new "national edition" was given the same name as the original 1960 edition: <i>Back Stage</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalEdition_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalEdition-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Backstage</i> also launched a number of blogs around this time, including Blog Stage, Espresso, Backstage Unscripted, and The Backstage 411 Casting FAQ, all of which were discontinued in early 2012. </p><p>In early 2009, <i>Ross Reports</i> was renamed <i>Call Sheet by Backstage</i>, working with <i>The Hollywood Creative Directory</i> to expand its listings to include a wider variety of entertainment-industry contacts. </p><p>In late 2009, <i>Backstage</i> and other Nielsen Business Media brands were sold to <a href="/wiki/E5_Global_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="E5 Global Media">e5 Global Media</a>, which was later renamed <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Global_Media" title="Prometheus Global Media">Prometheus Global Media</a>, and then renamed Guggenheim Digital Media.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Backstage</i> brand remained closely tied to its primary sister publications, <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i> and <i>Billboard</i>, as well as the other e5 Global Media publications, such as <i>Adweek</i>, <i>Film Journal International</i>, and <i>The Hollywood Creative Directory</i>. However, <i>Backstage</i> also carved out its own industry niche by focusing on the needs of actors, models, performers, and casting directors; publishing directories (such as <i>Call Sheet</i>, a bimonthly listing of <a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">talent agents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casting_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting director">casting directors</a>, and film productions), books (actor handbooks and biographies published under the <a href="/wiki/Watson-Guptill" title="Watson-Guptill">Watson-Guptill</a> imprint Backstage Books),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> casting-director mailing labels,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and special "insert" magazines (such as award-season nomination guides, theatre-school guides, and the <i>ACTION</i> magazine for actors interested in making their own movies); producing live events; and continuing the development of Internet casting technology. </p><p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);"><i>Backstage</i> continued to be a resource for <a href="/wiki/Audition" title="Audition">audition</a> information, casting calls/casting notices, training opportunities, and entertainment-industry jobs, news, and interviews. Film and theatre were the main topics reviewed and reported upon, but the television, radio, dance, music, cabaret, voice-over, modeling, commercial advertising, and stand-up comedy industries were also included in <i>Backstage</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s coverage.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In October 2011, media entrepreneur John Amato led Backstage through a spin-off from Prometheus Global Media as part of a new strategic partnership, with the new company being called Backstage, LLC. Prometheus shareholder <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Partners" title="Guggenheim Partners">Guggenheim Partners</a> backed the sale.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thr-backstagesold_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thr-backstagesold-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2012, <i>Back Stage</i> was relaunched again, with the magazine switching from a tabloid-sized newspaper to a smaller, full-color glossy magazine (and also being slightly rebranded from <i>Back Stage</i> to <i>Backstage</i>). The magazine added increased cross-promotion for the resources and utilities on the similarly-redesigned Backstage.com. Amato stated readers had requested that the print edition have a smaller form factor to make it easier to take to casting calls, while the redesigned website was meant to "[lead] the user into the products and content that we’ve seen historically be the most helpful for our audience".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2013, Backstage LLC acquired Sonicbids, a service designed to help musicians find gigs, for $15 million.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2013, Prometheus Global Media, now fully owned by Guggenheim, bought the remainder of Backstage LLC. John Amato was made president of the Billboard Group, a new unit that would oversee <i>Backstage</i>, <i>Billboard</i>, and Sonicbids.<sup id="cite_ref-billboard-group_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billboard-group-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-variety-shakeup_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety-shakeup-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adweek-guggenbackstage_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-guggenbackstage-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2013, Backstage and Sonicbids were acquired by RZ Capital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In December 2016, Backstage expanded its online casting tools and editorial coverage to include a wider international scope, with an initial focus on casting in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2017, Backstage launched its first fully integrated mobile casting app.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Ridgemont_Equity_Partners" title="Ridgemont Equity Partners">Ridgemont Equity Partners</a> invested in <i>Backstage</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2021, Backstage acquired StarNow and Mandy Network.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_staff">2017 staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2017 staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2017, principals at <i>Backstage</i> included vice president and national casting editor Luke Crowe. At that time, <i>Backstage</i> writers and editors included managing casting editor Melinda Loewenstein and supervising casting editor Veronika Daddona, among many others.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casting">Casting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Casting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Backstage’s casting department reviews and publishes more than 30,000 casting notices on Backstage.com every year, for projects that range from major studio and network productions and Broadway shows to indie and student films. By monitoring the notices, Backstage is able to quickly work to protect actors from scams,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while facilitating the distribution of hundreds of thousands of performance opportunities via a suite of online casting tools.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editorial">Editorial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Editorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Backstage Magazine</i> features a different actor on its cover every week with original photography, along with entertainment-industry news and advice columns. Previous cover subjects have included Academy Award winners Kevin Spacey, Benicio Del Toro, Jennifer Lawrence, Lupita Nyong’o, and Eddie Redmayne.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Backstage.com also features a series of advice columns written by industry insiders called Backstage Experts, offering aspiring and working actors the know-how to find work and improve their craft.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also features on different acting schools, coaches, and theater companies around the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1992 to 2012, <i>Backstage</i> produced annual Actorfest trade shows, entertainment-industry networking events held in various cities. Past Actorfest events took place in New York City,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Detroit. Other <i>Backstage</i> events in the past included the annual <a href="/wiki/Back_Stage_Garland_Awards" title="Back Stage Garland Awards">Backstage Garland Awards</a> (previously known as the <a href="/wiki/Drama-Logue_Award" title="Drama-Logue Award">Drama-Logue Award</a>) honoring the California theatre scene; the annual <a href="/wiki/Bistro_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Bistro Awards">Bistro Awards</a> honoring the cabaret industry, especially NYC-based cabaret; and the bi-coastal <i>An Evening With ...</i> series that combined film screenings with Q&A sessions featuring key actors and directors from each film being shown. </p><p>Additionally, <i>Backstage</i> hosted classes, workshops, and networking events through its Backstage University brand,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sponsors numerous events and panels for talent working in the fields of film, television, commercials, radio/voice-overs, theatre, dance, modeling, and club talent (comedians, singers, etc.). Its "Successful Actor" panel series was done in partnership with the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backstage_(magazine)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backstage.com/news/dec-2-1960-the-curtain-rises-on-a-brand-new-publication/">"Dec. 2, 1960: The Curtain Rises on a Brand New Publication"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Allen+Zwerdling%2C+Theater+Journalist%2C+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2009-01-26&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F27%2Ftheater%2F27zwerdling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackstage+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backstage.com/news/spotlight/back-stage-celebrates-50th-anniversary/">"Back Stage Celebrates 50th Anniversary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Backstage.com&rft.atitle=London+Now+Casting%3A+Royal+Caribbean%27s+%27Cats%27+and+More+Gigs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.backstage.com%2Fnews%2Fcasting%2Flondon-now-casting-royal-caribbeans-cats-and-more-gigs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackstage+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://backstage.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/115004346086-App-Features">"App Features"</a>. <i>Backstage Help Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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