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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Typology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Typology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Typology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Written_demonstration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_demonstration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Written demonstration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_demonstration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_disobedience_demonstrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_disobedience_demonstrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Civil disobedience demonstrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_disobedience_demonstrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>As a residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destructive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destructive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Destructive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destructive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-destructive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-destructive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Non-destructive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-destructive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Direct action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Against_a_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Against_a_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Against a government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Against_a_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Against_a_military_shipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Against_a_military_shipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Against a military shipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Against_a_military_shipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Against_a_planning_application_or_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Against_a_planning_application_or_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Against a planning application or development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Against_a_planning_application_or_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_government_employees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_government_employees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>By government employees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_government_employees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Job_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Job_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Job action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Job_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>In sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>By management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_tenants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_tenants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>By tenants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_tenants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_consumers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_consumers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>By consumers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_consumers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>Information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_disobedience_to_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_disobedience_to_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17</span> <span>Civil disobedience to censorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_disobedience_to_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_Internet_and_social_networking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_Internet_and_social_networking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.18</span> <span>By Internet and social networking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_Internet_and_social_networking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature,_art_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature,_art_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.19</span> <span>Literature, art and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature,_art_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Against_religious_or_ideological_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Against_religious_or_ideological_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.20</span> <span>Against religious or ideological institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Against_religious_or_ideological_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_effects_against_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_effects_against_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic effects against companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_effects_against_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Protest</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="احتجاج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتجاج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesta" title="Protesta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Protesta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiraz" title="Etiraz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etiraz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="প্রতিবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতিবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B2ng-g%C4%AB" title="Khòng-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khòng-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Протест – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Протест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesta" title="Protesta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protesta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesto" title="Protesto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Protesto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesta" title="Protesta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Protesta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="اعتراض – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اعتراض" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%B3id" title="Agóid – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Agóid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesta" title="Protesta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protesta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%9D%98" title="항의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanga-zanga" title="Zanga-zanga – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zanga-zanga" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosvjed" title="Prosvjed – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prosvjed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6li" title="Mótmæli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mótmæli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesta" title="Protesta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protesta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%94" title="מחאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қарсылық қозғалысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қарсылық қозғалысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Протест – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Протест" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests" title="Protests – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Protests" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestas" title="Protestas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Protestas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Протест – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протест" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantahan" title="Bantahan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သပိတ်မှောက်ခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သပိတ်မှောက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0" title="抗議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="抗議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesto" title="Protesto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protesto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Протест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesta" title="Protesta – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protesta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Протест – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Протест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesti" title="Protesti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Protesti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest" title="Protest – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Protest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எதிர்ப்புப் போராட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எதிர்ப்புப் போராட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="การประท้วง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การประท้วง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesto" title="Protesto – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Protesto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Протест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Протест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83u_t%C3%ACnh_(ph%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i)" title="Biểu tình (phản đối) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biểu tình (phản đối)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98" title="פראטעסט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראטעסט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0" title="抗議 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="抗議" 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Protest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Protest (disambiguation)">Protest (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Political demonstration</a> or <a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">Protist</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/40px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/60px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/120px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">layout guidelines</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit">editing the article</a> to make improvements to the overall structure.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Protest" title="Special:EditPage/Protest">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Protest%22">"Protest"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Protest%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Protest%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Protest%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Protest%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Protest%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg/250px-Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg/330px-Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg/500px-Demonstration_against_Ahmadinejad_in_Rio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration against the president of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">Rio+20</a> conference in Brazil, June 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:September2019jakartademo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/September2019jakartademo2.jpg/220px-September2019jakartademo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/September2019jakartademo2.jpg/330px-September2019jakartademo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/September2019jakartademo2.jpg/440px-September2019jakartademo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration in front of the <a href="/wiki/MPR/DPR/DPD_building" title="MPR/DPR/DPD building">MPR/DPR/DPD building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indonesian_protests_and_riots" title="2019 Indonesian protests and riots">2019 Indonesian protests and riots</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Revolutions" title="Category:Revolutions">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Political revolution</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French Revolution"><img alt="French Revolution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/200px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/300px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/400px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10128" data-file-height="8103" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By class</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_revolution" title="Bourgeois revolution">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_revolution" title="Democratic revolution">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_revolution" title="Proletarian revolution">Proletarian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By other characteristic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_from_above" title="Revolution from above">From above</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_revolution" title="Nonviolent revolution">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_revolution" title="Passive revolution">Passive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_revolution" title="Permanent revolution">Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_wave" title="Revolutionary wave">Wave</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Methods</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disorder" title="Civil disorder">Civil disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">Civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contentious_politics" title="Contentious politics">Contentious politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Demonstration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_chain_(politics)" title="Human chain (politics)">Human chain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mobilization" title="Mass mobilization">Mass mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">Mutiny</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">Resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Disobedience</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_terror" title="Revolutionary terror">Terror</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Examples</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Revolution" title="English Revolution">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Revolutions" title="Atlantic Revolutions">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabant_Revolution" title="Brabant Revolution">Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_Revolution" title="Liège Revolution">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1820" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1820">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1830" title="Revolutions of 1830">1830</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">1848</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states">Italian states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1848 in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Rebellion" title="Eureka Rebellion">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_unification" title="Bulgarian unification">Bulgarian unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine</a></li> <li>Iranian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican</a></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">Xinhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">1917–1923</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_Revolution_of_1932" class="mw-redirect" title="Siamese Revolution of 1932">Siamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Revolution" title="Guatemalan Revolution">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Revolution" title="Rwandan Revolution">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">1989</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Bulldozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Revolution" title="Tulip Revolution">Tulip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Revolution_of_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Arab_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Arab Spring">Second Arab Spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_revolution" title="Sudanese revolution">Sudanese</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Revolution_sidebar" title="Template:Revolution sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Revolution_sidebar" title="Template talk:Revolution sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Revolution_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Revolution sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>protest</b> (also called a <b>demonstration</b>, <b>remonstration</b>, or <b>remonstrance</b>) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protests can be thought of as acts of <a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">cooperation</a> in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-Larson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass <a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">political demonstrations</a>. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">public opinion</a> or government policy, or they may undertake <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When protests are part of a systematic and peaceful <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolent</a> campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as <a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">civil resistance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">nonviolent resistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CivilResistance_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CivilResistance-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various forms of self-expression and protest are sometimes restricted by governmental policy (such as the requirement of <a href="/wiki/Protest_permit" title="Protest permit">protest permits</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> economic circumstances, religious orthodoxy, social structures, or media monopoly. One state reaction to protests is the use of <a href="/wiki/Riot_police" title="Riot police">riot police</a>. Observers have noted an increased <a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police" title="Militarization of police">militarization of protest policing</a> in many countries, with police deploying <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">armored vehicles</a> and snipers against protesters. When such restrictions occur, protests may assume the form of open <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>, more subtle forms of resistance against the restrictions, or may spill over into other areas such as culture and emigration. </p><p>A protest itself may at times be the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Counter-protest" title="Counter-protest">counter-protest</a>. In such cases, counter-protesters demonstrate their support for the person, policy, action, etc. that is the subject of the original protest. Protesters and counter-protesters can sometimes violently clash. One study found that nonviolent activism during the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> in the United States tended to produce favorable media coverage and changes in public opinion focusing on the issues organizers were raising, but violent protests tended to generate unfavorable media coverage that generated public desire to restore law and order.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_examples">Historical examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marche_sel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Marche_sel.jpg/250px-Marche_sel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Marche_sel.jpg/330px-Marche_sel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Marche_sel.jpg/500px-Marche_sel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption>Gandhi leading his followers on the famous <a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a> to abolish the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_salt_tax_in_British_India" title="History of the salt tax in British India">British Salt Laws</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4bahrain22011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/4bahrain22011.jpg/250px-4bahrain22011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/4bahrain22011.jpg/330px-4bahrain22011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/4bahrain22011.jpg/500px-4bahrain22011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>Protesters in the middle of the road in downtown Manama, Bahrain (2011)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg/250px-London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg/330px-London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg/500px-London_Palestine_Protest_Equestrian_Statue_Whitehall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Protest in London over the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a>, October 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg/220px-%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg/330px-%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg/440px-%EA%B3%A0_%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%EC%97%B4_%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6030" data-file-height="4961" /></a><figcaption>Crowds gather at the state funeral of <a href="/wiki/Lee_Han-yeol" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Han-yeol">Lee Han-yeol</a> in Seoul, July 9, 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>Unaddressed protests may grow and widen into <a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">civil resistance</a>, dissent, activism, riots, <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a>, revolts, and political or social revolution. Some examples of protests include: </p> <ul><li>Northern Europe in the early 16th century (<a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>)</li> <li>North America in the 1770s (<a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a>, an anti-government protest by several hundred soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></li> <li>France in 1789 (<a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>)</li> <li>Haiti in 1803 (<a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a>), the first successful black revolution against slavery</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a> in 1886, a violent labor protest led by the <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">Anarchist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_shirtwaist_strike_of_1909" title="New York shirtwaist strike of 1909">New York shirtwaist strike of 1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi's</a> 1930 <a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a> to protest the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_salt_tax_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British salt tax in India">colonial salt tax in India</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Campaign">Birmingham Children's Crusade</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>.</li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>, a key moment in the Civil rights movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a> of 1965, part of the Civil Rights Movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_against_the_Vietnam_War" title="List of protests against the Vietnam War">Protests against the Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_68" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico 68">Mexico 68</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Takeover_of_Vanha" title="Takeover of Vanha">Takeover of Vanha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1968</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a> in 1969, protesting the treatment of homosexuals in New York City</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li>1976 Thai military personnel, police and right wing nationalistic milita <a href="/wiki/6_October_1976_massacre" title="6 October 1976 massacre">shooting at peaceful protesters</a> the Thammasat University of Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity (Polish trade union)</a> Movement's protests against Soviet Communism in Poland from 1980 to 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Democratic_Struggle" title="June Democratic Struggle">June Democratic Struggle</a>, South Korean pro-democracy movement in 1987</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests of 1989</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alexanderplatz" title="Alexanderplatz">Alexanderplatz</a> demonstrations from November 4–9, 1989, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li>The many <a href="/wiki/AIDS_Coalition_to_Unleash_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power">ACT-UP</a> <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> protests of the late 1980s and early 1990s</li> <li>Japanese Canadians Protest of their <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Canadians#Protest" title="Internment of Japanese Canadians">Dispossession</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> <a href="/wiki/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_of_1999_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity">WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity</a> against the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_Protests_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-globalization Protests in Prague">Anti-globalization protests in Prague</a> in 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S11_(protest)" title="S11 (protest)">S11- Anti World Economic Forum</a> protests in Melbourne, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Anti-globalization protests in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> from 18 to 22 July 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15,_2003_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="February 15, 2003 anti-war protest">15 February 2003 Iraq War Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_protests" title="Anti-nuclear protests">Anti-nuclear protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Bersih_rally" title="2007 Bersih rally">2007 Bersih rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Thai_political_protests" title="2010 Thai political protests">2010 Thai political protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Iranian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Iranian protests">2011 Iranian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> protests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Impact of the Arab Spring">Impact of the Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupy protest">Occupy Wall Street protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersih" title="Bersih">Bersih</a> Malaysia protests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a> in 2013 in Turkey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2013_Egyptian_protests" title="June 2013 Egyptian protests">June 2013 Egyptian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, November 2013–February 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>-led protests on July 13, 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement" title="Sunflower Student Movement">Sunflower Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Add_the_Words" class="mw-redirect" title="Add the Words">Add the Words</a> gay and transgender rights protests in Idaho in 2014.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">2014 Hong Kong Umbrella Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_South_Korean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 South Korean protests">2016 South Korean protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jallikattu_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Jallikattu protests">2017 Jallikattu protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932019_Romanian_protests" title="2017–2019 Romanian protests">2017–2019 Romanian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline_protests" title="Dakota Access Pipeline protests">Dakota Access Pipeline protests</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a> protests</li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a> <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives" title="March for Our Lives">March for Our Lives</a> protests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Armenian_Velvet_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution">2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Sudanese_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2019 Sudanese protests">2018–2019 Sudanese protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932020_Serbian_protests" title="2018–2020 Serbian protests">2018–2020 Serbian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="2019 Venezuelan protests">2019 Venezuelan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indonesian_protests_and_riots" title="2019 Indonesian protests and riots">2019 Indonesian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bolivian_protests" title="2019 Bolivian protests">2019 Bolivian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">Citizenship Amendment Act protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Lebanese_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Lebanese protests">2019–20 Lebanese protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Iraqi_protests" title="2019–2021 Iraqi protests">2019–2021 Iraqi protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Belarusian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 Belarusian protests">2020–21 Belarusian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_and_riots_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 protests and riots in Serbia">COVID-19 protests and riots in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Thai_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Thai protests">2020 Thai protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Indian_farmers%27_protest" title="2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest">2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_United_States_election_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2021 United States election protests">2020–2021 United States election protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahsa_Amini_protests" title="Mahsa Amini protests">Mahsa Amini protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Peruvian protests (2022–2023)">Peruvian protests (2022–2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation">2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Revolution_(Bangladesh)" title="July Revolution (Bangladesh)">July Revolution (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%93present_Serbian_anti-corruption_protests" title="2024–present Serbian anti-corruption protests">2024–present Serbian anti-corruption protests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forms">Forms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Repertoire_of_contention" title="Repertoire of contention">Repertoire of contention</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg/250px-Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg/330px-Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg/500px-Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020_Berlin_Covid-19_Pandemie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Protester with a "Free The Bee" placard during the COVID-19 protests in Berlin on 29th of August 2020, near the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A protest can take many forms.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pinckney_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinckney-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Willingness to participate is influenced by individuals' ties within <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social networks</a>. Social connections can affect both the spread of factual information about a protest and <a href="/wiki/Social_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Social pressure">social pressures</a> on participants.<sup id="cite_ref-Larson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Willing to participate will also vary depending on the type of protest. Likelihood that someone will respond to a protest is also affected by group identification, and by the types of tactics involved.<sup id="cite_ref-Bugden_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bugden-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dynamics of Collective Action project and the <a href="/wiki/Global_Nonviolent_Action_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Nonviolent Action Database">Global Nonviolent Action Database</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are two of the leading data collection efforts attempting to capture information about protest events. The Dynamics of Collective Action project considers the repertoire of protest tactics (and their definitions) to include:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Rally</b> or <b>Demonstration</b>: Demonstration, rally, or similar protest, without reference to marching or walking in a <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picket line</a> or standing in a <a href="/wiki/Vigil" title="Vigil">vigil</a>. Reference to speeches, speakers, singing, or preaching, often verified by the presence of <a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">PA sound equipment</a> and sometimes by a platform or stage. Ordinarily will include worship services, speeches, briefings.</li> <li><b>March</b>: Reference to moving from one location to another; to distinguish from rotating or walking in a circle with picket signs (which is a picket).</li> <li><b>Vigil</b>: Most vigils have banners, placards, or leaflets so that people passing by, despite silence from participants, can be informed about the purpose of the vigil.</li> <li><b>Picket</b>: The modal activity<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="modal activity? (July 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is picketing; there may be references to a picket line, informational picketing, or holding signs; "carrying signs and walking around in a circle". Holding signs, placards, or banners is not the defining criteria; rather, it is holding or carrying those items and walking a circular route, a phrase sometimes surprisingly found in the permit application.</li> <li><b>Civil Disobedience</b>: Explicit protest that involves deliberately breaking laws deemed unjust in order to protest them; crossing barricades, prohibited use of segregated facilities (such as <a href="/wiki/Lunch_counter_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunch counter protests">lunch-counters</a> or restrooms), voter registration drives (to earn non-eligible people the right to vote), or tying up phone lines.</li> <li><b>Ceremony</b>: These celebrate or protest status transitions ranging from birth and death dates of individuals, organizations or nations; seasons; re-enlistment or commissioning of military personnel; or to anniversaries of any of the above. These are sometimes referenced by presenting flowers or wreaths commemorating, dedicating, or celebrating status transitions or their anniversary; e.g., an annual <a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">merchant marine</a> memorial service, celebrating <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> or Easter, or celebrating the birthday of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dramaturgical_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramaturgical action">Dramaturgical</a> Demonstration</b></li> <li><b>Motorcade</b>: Vehicular procession (electoral campaigns or other issues)</li> <li><b>Information distribution</b>: Tabling/petition gathering, lobbying, letter-writing campaigns, or <a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">teach-ins</a>.</li> <li><b>Symbolic Display</b>: e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Hanukkah)">menorah</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">creche scene</a>, graffiti, <a href="/wiki/Cross_burning" title="Cross burning">cross burning</a>, sign, or standing display.</li> <li><b>Attack</b> by collective group (not-one-on-one <a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">assault</a>, crime, rape): Motivation for attack is the "other group's identity",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (July 2020)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> as in <a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">gay-bashing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a>. Can also include verbal attacks or threats. (See <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a>)</li> <li><b>Riot, melee, mob violence</b>: Large-scale (50+),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="50+ participants? (July 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> use of violence by instigators against persons, property, police, or buildings separately or in combination, lasting several hours.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (July 2020)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Strike, slow down, sick-ins, and employee work protest of any kind</b>: Regular air strike<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="You can help— (July 2020)">definition needed</span></a></i>]</sup> through failure of negotiations or wildcat air strike. (Make note if a <a href="/wiki/Wildcat_strike_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildcat strike action">wildcat strike</a>.)</li> <li><b>Boycott</b>: Organized refusal to buy or use a product or service. Examples: <a href="/wiki/Rent_strike" title="Rent strike">rent strikes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycotts</a></li> <li><b>Press Conference</b>: Only if specifically named as such in report, and must be the predominant activity form. Could involve disclosure of information to "educate the public" or influence various decision-makers.</li> <li><b>Organization formation announcement</b> or <b>meeting announcement</b>: Meeting or press conference to announce the formation of a new organization.</li> <li><b>Conflict, attack or clash (no instigator)</b>: This includes any boundary conflict in which no instigator can be identified, i.e. Black/white conflicts, abortion/anti-abortion conflicts.</li> <li><b>Prayer Walk:</b> A prayer walk is an activity that consists of walking and praying at the same time. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">It is done not for the physical benefit but for the spiritual exercise, either publicly functioning as a demonstration or rally.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Lawsuit</b>: Legal maneuver by social movement organization or group.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peopleless_protest" title="Peopleless protest">Peopleless Protest</a>:</b> Simultaneous online and offline protests involving physical representations of protesters in public spaces that are subsequently assembled online. Developed in Europe during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Holographic projections of protesters were used in Spain to highlight the use of anti-protest laws in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/220px--CommunistLiberty.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="CommunistLiberty.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:CommunistLiberty.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/CommunistLiberty.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/CommunistLiberty.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/CommunistLiberty.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/CommunistLiberty.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/CommunistLiberty.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/CommunistLiberty.webm/CommunistLiberty.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Union_communiste_libertaire" title="Union communiste libertaire">UCL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> protest in France, on October 16th during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Global_Nonviolent_Action_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Nonviolent Action Database">Global Nonviolent Action Database</a> uses Gene Sharp's classification of 198 methods of nonviolent action. There is considerable overlap with the Dynamics of Collective Action repertoire, although the GNA repertoire includes more specific tactics. Together, the two projects help define tactics available to protesters and document instances of their use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typology">Typology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Typology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg/250px-Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg/330px-Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg/500px-Manifestaci%C3%B3_27_d%27agost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2716" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>March next to the <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez_Hemicycle" title="Benito Juárez Hemicycle">Benito Juárez Hemicycle</a>, 27 August 1968, <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_(51905533738).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_%2851905533738%29.jpg/200px-We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_%2851905533738%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_%2851905533738%29.jpg/300px-We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_%2851905533738%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_%2851905533738%29.jpg/400px-We_Stand_with_Ukraine_2022_Helsinki_-_Finland_%2851905533738%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Street_protester" class="mw-redirect" title="Street protester">Street protesters</a> with signs demonstrating in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki, Finland</a> after <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia invaded Ukraine</a> in February 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Thomas Ratliff and Lori Hall<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have devised a typology of six broad activity categories of the protest activities described in the Dynamics of Collective Action project. </p> <ul><li><b>Literal, symbolic, aesthetic and sensory</b> - Artistic, dramaturgical, and symbolic displays (street theater, dancing, etc.) including use of images, objects, graphic art, musical performances, or vocal/auditory exhibitions (speech-making, chanting, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May also include tactile exchanges of information (petitions, leaflets, etc.) and the destruction of objects of symbolic or political value. Highly visible and most diverse category of activity; impacts on society (police response, media focus, impact on potential allies, etc.) often are underestimated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (July 2020)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Solemnity and the sacred</b> – Vigils, prayer, or rallies, in the form of religious service, <a href="/wiki/Candlelight_vigil" title="Candlelight vigil">candlelight vigils</a>, cross or coffin bearing etc. All directly related to the <a href="/wiki/Durkheimian" class="mw-redirect" title="Durkheimian">Durkheimian</a> "<a href="/wiki/Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred">sacred</a>", or some form of religious or spiritual practice, belief, or ideology. Events where sacred activity is the primary focus are rarely responded to by police with force or presence. Solemnity usually provides a distinct quietness or stillness, changing the energy, description, and interpretation of such events.</li> <li><b>Institutional and conventional</b> – Institutionalized activity or activity highly dependent on formal political processes and social institutions (press conferences, lawsuits, lobbying, etc.). Often conflated with non-confrontational and nonviolent activities in research as the <i>other</i> or reference category. More <i>acceptable</i> because it operates, to some degree, within the system. Historically contentious issue in regard to the practice of protest due to this integration within the system.</li> <li><b>Movement in space</b> – Marches or parades (processional activities) from one spatio-temporal location to another, with beginning or ending places sometimes chosen for symbolic reasons. Picket lines often used in labor strikes but can be used by non-labor actors but the key differences between picket and processionals are the distance of movement. Events that take the form of a procession are logistically much more difficult to police (even if it is for the safety of protesters). Marches are some of the largest events in this period.</li> <li><b>Civil disobedience</b> – Withholding obligations, <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-ins</a>, blockades, <a href="/wiki/Shop-in" title="Shop-in">shop-ins</a>, occupations, bannering, "camping", etc., are all specific activities which constitute the tactical form of civil disobedience. In some way, these activities directly or technically break the law. Usually given most attention by researchers, media, and authorities. Often conflated with violence and threats because of direct action and confrontational nature, but should serve as a distinct category of action (both in the context of tactical and strategic planning and in the control of activity).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Collective violence and threats</b> – Collective violence such as pushing, shoving, hitting, punching, damaging property, throwing objects, verbal threats, etc., is usually committed by a relative few out of many protesters (even tens of thousands). It is rare in occurrence and rarely condoned by the public or onlookers (particularly the media). Usually met with equivalent or overwhelming force in response by authorities.</li></ul> <p>Some forms of <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> listed in this article are also <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (people)">public demonstrations</a> or rallies: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (people)">Protest march</a>, a historically and geographically common form of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonviolent">nonviolent</a> action by groups of people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picketing_(protest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Picketing (protest)">Picketing</a>, a form of protest in which people congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place. Often, this is done in an attempt to dissuade others from going in ("crossing the picket line"), but it can also be done to draw public attention to a cause.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_protester" class="mw-redirect" title="Street protester">Street protesters</a> demonstrate in areas with high visibility, often employing handmade <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/placard" class="extiw" title="wikt:placard">placards</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_board" title="Sandwich board">sandwich boards</a> or picket signs in order to maximize exposure and interaction with the public.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockdown" title="Lockdown">Lockdowns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lock-on_(protest_tactic)" title="Lock-on (protest tactic)">lock-ons</a> are a way to stop movement of an object like a structure or tree, and to thwart the removal of actual protesters from the location. Users employ various chains, locks and even the <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_dragon_(manoeuver)" title="Sleeping dragon (manoeuver)">sleeping dragon</a> for impairment of those trying to remove them with a matrix of composted materials.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">Die-ins</a> are a form of protest where participants simulate being dead (with varying degrees of realism). In the simplest form of a die-in, protesters simply lie down on the ground and pretend to be dead, sometimes covering themselves with signs or banners. Much of the effectiveness depends on the posture of the protesters, for when not properly executed, the protest might look more like a "sleep-in". For added realism, simulated wounds are sometimes painted on the bodies, or bandages, usually made to appear bloody, are used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a> is a song which protests perceived problems in society. Every major movement in Western history has been accompanied by its own collection of protest songs, from slave <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">emancipation</a> to women's <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Labor_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor movement">labor movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, the anti-war movement, the <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> movement, the environmental movement.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the songs have come to protest more abstract, moral issues, such as <a href="/wiki/Injustice" title="Injustice">injustice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a>, the morality of war in general (as opposed to purely protesting individual wars), <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, inflation, <a href="/wiki/Social_inequalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Social inequalities">social inequalities</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Incarceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Incarceration">incarceration</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a>. The idea is to ironically re-appropriate the aesthetics of <a href="/wiki/Cheerleading" title="Cheerleading">cheerleading</a>, for example by changing the <a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">chants</a> to promote <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a> and left-wing causes. Many radical cheerleaders (some of whom are male, <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> or non-gender identified) are in appearance far from the stereotypical image of a cheerleader.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Mass_(cycling)" title="Critical Mass (cycling)">Critical Mass</a> bike rides have been perceived as protest activities. A 2006 <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">New Yorker</a></i> article described Critical Mass' activity in New York City as "monthly political-protest rides", and characterized Critical Mass as a part of a <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the U.K. <a href="/wiki/E-zine" class="mw-redirect" title="E-zine">e-zine</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban75" title="Urban75">Urban75</a>, which advertises as well as publishes photographs of the Critical Mass event in London, describes this as "the monthly protest by cyclists reclaiming the streets of London".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Critical Mass participants have insisted that these events should be viewed as "celebrations" and spontaneous gatherings, not as protests or organized demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stance allows Critical Mass to argue a legal position that its events can occur without advance notification of local police.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyi-toyi" title="Toyi-toyi">Toyi-toyi</a> is a Southern African dance originally from Zimbabwe that became famous for its use in political protests in the apartheid-era South Africa. See <a href="/wiki/Protest_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protest in South Africa">Protest in South Africa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Written_demonstration">Written demonstration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Written demonstration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Written evidence of political or economic power, or democratic justification may also be a way of protesting. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">Petitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">Letters</a> (to show political power by the volume of letters): Used by some letter writing campaigns, especially those with a <a href="/wiki/Form_letter" title="Form letter">form letter</a> that supporters are given to sign</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_disobedience_demonstrations">Civil disobedience demonstrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil disobedience demonstrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG/220px-NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG/330px-NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG/440px-NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Broadway_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="2072" /></a><figcaption>A protester <a href="/wiki/Photobombing" title="Photobombing">photobombing</a> a news reporter during a protest in New York City</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_over_TET,_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Protest_over_TET%2C_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg/220px-Protest_over_TET%2C_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Protest_over_TET%2C_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg/330px-Protest_over_TET%2C_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Protest_over_TET%2C_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg/440px-Protest_over_TET%2C_SSC_education_scam_in_West_Bengal_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>TET passed candidates who are protesting over SSC scam in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, beneath the statue of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> Maidan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Any protest could be <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> if a "ruling authority" says so, but the following are <i>usually</i> civil disobedience demonstrations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_nudity" class="mw-redirect" title="Public nudity">Public nudity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Topfree" class="mw-redirect" title="Topfree">topfree</a> (to protest indecency laws or as a <a href="/wiki/Publicity_stunt" title="Publicity stunt">publicity stunt</a> for another protest such as a war protest) or <a href="/wiki/Animal_mistreatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal mistreatment">animal mistreatment</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/PETA" class="mw-redirect" title="PETA">PETA</a>'s campaign against fur). See also <a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_protest" title="Nudity and protest">Nudity and protest</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">Sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photobombing" title="Photobombing">Photobombing</a> – disrupting an event being broadcast live</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raasta_roko" class="mw-redirect" title="Raasta roko">Raasta roko</a> – people blocking auto traffic with their bodies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_protest" title="Silent protest">Silent protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebenslaute" title="Lebenslaute">Lebenslaute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_residence">As a residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As a residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_camp" title="Peace camp">Peace camp</a></li> <li>Formation of a <a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">tent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_for_Climate_Action" title="Camp for Climate Action">Camp for Climate Action</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destructive">Destructive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Destructive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_(Black_Bloc_Element).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_%28Black_Bloc_Element%29.jpg/250px-M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_%28Black_Bloc_Element%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_%28Black_Bloc_Element%29.jpg/330px-M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_%28Black_Bloc_Element%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_%28Black_Bloc_Element%29.jpg/500px-M2109_Iraq_War_Protest_%28Black_Bloc_Element%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a> members spray graffiti during an <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War#March_21,_2009" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Iraq War Protest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">Vandalism</a> – Smashing windows or spraying <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> is used as a form of riot, and is sometimes employed by <a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">black bloc</a> groups.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riot</a> – Protests or attempts to end protests sometimes lead to rioting.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">Looting</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> – stealing goods from establishments or businesses (takes place during riots)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation" title="Self-immolation">Self-immolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">Hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing">Bombing</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-destructive">Non-destructive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-destructive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_protest" title="Silent protest">Silent protest</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – protests or parades in which participants are nonviolent and usually silent in an attempt to avoid violent confrontation with military or police forces. This tactic was effectively used during the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_action">Direct action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Direct action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">Civil resistance</a><sup id="cite_ref-CivilResistance_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CivilResistance-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">Nonviolent resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_shaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Public shaming">Public shaming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_a_government">Against a government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Against a government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington,_D.C._license_plate,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2013.jpg/220px-Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2013.jpg/330px-Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> issues <a href="/wiki/License_Plates" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plates">license plates</a> protesting the "<a href="/wiki/Taxation_without_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation without representation">taxation without representation</a>" that occurs due to its <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_voting_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia voting rights">special status</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_desecration" title="Flag desecration">Flag desecration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_a_military_shipment">Against a military shipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Against a military shipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Militarization_Resistance" title="Port Militarization Resistance">Port Militarization Resistance</a> – protests which attempt to prevent military cargo shipments</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_a_planning_application_or_development">Against a planning application or development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Against a planning application or development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBY</a> ("not in my backyard") – protest by residents of an area against a development in the area they see as undesirable</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_government_employees">By government employees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: By government employees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg/220px-Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg/330px-Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg/440px-Gov_Walker_Protests1_JR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Protest inside the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Capitol" title="Wisconsin State Capitol">Wisconsin State Capitol</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bully_pulpit" title="Bully pulpit">Bully pulpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_activism" title="Judicial activism">Judicial activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">Filibuster</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Job_action">Job action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Job action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Industrial_action" title="Industrial action">Industrial action</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">Walkout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work-to-rule" title="Work-to-rule">Work-to-rule</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_sports">In sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">U.S. national anthem kneeling protests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_management">By management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: By management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockout_(industry)" title="Lockout (industry)">Lockout</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_tenants">By tenants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: By tenants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent_strike" title="Rent strike">Rent strike</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_consumers">By consumers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: By consumers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Court">Consumer Court</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information">Information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Informative <a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">letters</a>, letter writing campaigns, letters to the editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">Teach-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">Zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soapbox" title="Soapbox">Soap-boxing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_disobedience_to_censorship">Civil disobedience to censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Civil disobedience to censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a> (distributing censored materials)</li> <li>Protest graffiti</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_Internet_and_social_networking">By Internet and social networking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: By Internet and social networking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_activism" title="Internet activism">Internet activism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG/220px-Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG/330px-Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG/440px-Day_3_Occupy_Wall_Street_2011_Shankbone_13.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> protesters in <a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a> using the Internet to get their message out over social networking as events happen, September 2011</figcaption></figure><p>Blogging and social networking have become effective tools to register protest and grievances. Protests can express views or news, and use viral networking to reach out to thousands of people. With protests on the rise from the <a href="/wiki/US_election_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="US election 2016">U.S. election season of 2016</a> going into 2017, protesters became aware that using their <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> during a protest could make them an easier target for <a href="/wiki/Government_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Government surveillance">government surveillance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature,_art_and_culture"><span id="Literature.2C_art_and_culture"></span>Literature, art and culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Literature, art and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_religious_or_ideological_institutions">Against religious or ideological institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Against religious or ideological institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recusancy" title="Recusancy">Recusancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_effects_against_companies">Economic effects against companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economic effects against companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_Against_Asset_Sales,_Palmerston_North,_14_July_2012_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rally_Against_Asset_Sales%2C_Palmerston_North%2C_14_July_2012_07.JPG/250px-Rally_Against_Asset_Sales%2C_Palmerston_North%2C_14_July_2012_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rally_Against_Asset_Sales%2C_Palmerston_North%2C_14_July_2012_07.JPG/330px-Rally_Against_Asset_Sales%2C_Palmerston_North%2C_14_July_2012_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rally_Against_Asset_Sales%2C_Palmerston_North%2C_14_July_2012_07.JPG/500px-Rally_Against_Asset_Sales%2C_Palmerston_North%2C_14_July_2012_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Protest march in <a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg/220px-Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg/330px-Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg/440px-Occupy_the_D%C3%A1il_-_We_are_the_99_per_cent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>Protesters outside the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A study of 342 US protests covered by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> newspaper from 1962 to 1990 showed that such public activities usually affected the company's <a href="/wiki/Publicly_traded" class="mw-redirect" title="Publicly traded">publicly traded</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> price. The most intriguing aspect of the study's findings revealed that the amount of media coverage the event received was of the most importance to this study. Stock prices fell an average of one-tenth of a percent for every paragraph printed about the event.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Activist_Wisdom" title="Activist Wisdom">Activist Wisdom</a></i>, a book about protesters in Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_strike" title="Fare strike">Fare strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment to the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_power" title="People power">People power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Minutes_Hate" title="Two Minutes Hate">Two Minutes Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_session" title="Struggle session">Struggle session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Goldstein" title="Emmanuel Goldstein">Emmanuel Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mobilization" title="Mass mobilization">Mass mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull#Burning" title="Papal bull">Burning of the Papal Bull by Martin Luther</a>, during <a href="/wiki/Protestant_reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant reformation">Protestant reformation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Europe">Mainland Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhigiri" title="Gandhigiri">Gandhigiri</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Protest" title="I Protest">I Protest</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uprisings_led_by_women" class="mw-redirect" title="List of uprisings led by women">List of uprisings led by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_art" title="Protest art">Protest art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_Advocacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library Advocacy">Public Library Advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_protest" title="Right to protest">Right to protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_criticism" title="Social criticism">Social criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_frivolity" title="Tactical frivolity">Tactical frivolity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protest&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protests" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Protests">Protests</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/protest" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:protest">protest</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/protest">"Definition of PROTEST"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+PROTEST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fprotest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/protest_1">"PROTEST (noun) definition and synonyms"</a>. <i>Macmillan Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macmillan+Dictionary&rft.atitle=PROTEST+%28noun%29+definition+and+synonyms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillandictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Fprotest_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Larson, Jennifer M. 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_manipulation238" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_manipulation" title="Template:Media manipulation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_manipulation" title="Template talk:Media manipulation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_manipulation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media manipulation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_manipulation238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_psychology" title="Crowd psychology">Crowd psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbing_down" title="Dumbing down">Dumbing down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-truth" title="Half-truth">Half-truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obfuscation" title="Obfuscation">Obfuscation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwellian" title="Orwellian">Orwellian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persuasion" title="Persuasion">Persuasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation (psychology)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">Activism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">Advocacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call-out_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-out culture">Call-out culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">Grassroots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_communication" title="Guerrilla communication">Guerrilla communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_activism" title="Internet activism">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_activism" title="Media activism">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">Petitions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_activism" title="Youth activism">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard" title="Billboard">Billboards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_advertising" title="False advertising">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">Infomercials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Mobiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_model" title="Promotional model">Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_advertisement" title="Radio advertisement">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_slogan" title="Advertising slogan">Slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimonial" title="Testimonial">Testimonials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_advertising" title="Criticism of advertising">Criticism of advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annoyance_factor" title="Annoyance factor">Annoyance factor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a> and <br /> <a href="/wiki/Media_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Media regulation">Media regulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_law" title="Broadcast law">Broadcast law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars" title="Burning of books and burying of scholars">Burying of scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_kill" title="Catch and kill">Catch and kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_censorship" title="Corporate censorship">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover-up" title="Cover-up">Cover-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_censorship" title="Film censorship">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_censorship" title="Political censorship">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship">Self</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoaxing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_facts" title="Alternative facts">Alternative facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">Deepfake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_deepfake" title="Audio deepfake">audio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_website" title="Fake news website">websites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakelore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakelore">Fakelore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_entry" title="Fictitious entry">Fictitious entries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehose_of_falsehood" title="Firehose of falsehood">Firehose of falsehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgery" title="Forgery">Forgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoaxes" title="List of hoaxes">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_forgery" title="Literary forgery">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lying_press" title="Lying press">Lying press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_manipulation" title="Photograph manipulation">Photograph manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_hoax" title="Racial hoax">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus_hoax" title="Virus hoax">Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_manipulation" title="Video manipulation">Video manipulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Branding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_marketing" title="Loyalty marketing">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">Product placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity" title="Publicity">Publicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word-of-mouth_marketing" title="Word-of-mouth marketing">Word of mouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda-setting_theory" title="Agenda-setting theory">Agenda-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_circus" title="Media circus">Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotive_conjugation" title="Emotive conjugation">Emotive conjugation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managing_the_news" title="Managing the news">Managing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotizing_dysfunction" title="Narcotizing dysfunction">Narcotizing dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_event" title="Media event">Pseudo-event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_scrum" title="Media scrum">Scrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Political campaigning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_advertising" title="Campaign advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">Astroturfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_ad" title="Attack ad">Attack ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvassing" title="Canvassing">Canvassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">Character assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_promise" title="Election promise">Election promises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_sign" title="Lawn sign">Lawn signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Party platform">Party platforms (or manifestos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_recognition" title="Name recognition">Name recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_campaigning" title="Negative campaigning">Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_poll" title="Push poll">Push polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_issue" title="Wedge issue">Wedge issue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">Big lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_manipulation" title="Crowd manipulation">Crowd manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearmongering" title="Fearmongering">Fearmongering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loaded_language" title="Loaded language">Loaded language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">National mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_techniques" title="Propaganda techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_leaflet_propaganda" title="Airborne leaflet propaganda">Airborne leaflets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information (IT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_diplomacy" title="Public diplomacy">Public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">Sedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion">Subversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doublespeak" title="Doublespeak">Doublespeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-apology_apology" title="Non-apology apology">Non-apology apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">Reputation management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">Slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_bite" title="Sound bite">Sound bites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(propaganda)" title="Transfer (propaganda)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understatement" title="Understatement">Understatement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weasel_word" title="Weasel word">Weasel words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_propaganda" title="Corporate propaganda">Corporate propaganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_calling" title="Cold calling">Cold calling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door-to-door" title="Door-to-door">Door-to-door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pricing" title="Pricing">Pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_demonstration" title="Product demonstration">Product demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_promotion" title="Sales promotion">Promotion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaving" title="Spaving">Spaving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_merchandise" title="Promotional merchandise">Promotional merchandise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemarketing" title="Telemarketing">Telemarketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Influence-for-hire" title="Influence-for-hire">Influence-for-hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias_in_the_United_States" title="Media bias in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">Media concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_democracy" title="Media democracy">Media democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_ecology" title="Media ecology">Media ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_ethics" title="Media ethics">Media ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">Media franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media" title="Influence of mass media">Media influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_proprietor" title="Media proprietor">Media proprietor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_culture104" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_culture" title="Template:Media culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_culture" title="Template talk:Media culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_culture104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Media_culture" title="Media culture">Media culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">24-hour news cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_media" title="Electronic media">Electronic media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_media" title="Independent media">Independent media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_media" title="Lost media">Lost media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">Mainstream media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_media" title="Mobile media">Mobile media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">New media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">News broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_media" title="Old media">Old media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_media" title="Physical media">Physical media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Influencer" title="Influencer">Influencers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">State media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_development" title="Media development">Media development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_policy" title="Media policy">Media policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Media independence">Media independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_pluralism" title="Media pluralism">Media pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_transparency" title="Media transparency">Media transparency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisanship_as_an_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipartisanship as an ideology">Bipartisanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pens%C3%A9e_unique" title="Pensée unique">Pensée unique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deception</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbing_down" title="Dumbing down">Dumbing down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_circus" title="Media circus">Media circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_event" title="Media event">Media event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotizing_dysfunction" title="Narcotizing dysfunction">Narcotizing dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuperation_(politics)" title="Recuperation (politics)">Recuperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">Viral phenomenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_kill" title="Catch and kill">Catch and kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_manipulation" title="Crowd manipulation">Crowd manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managing_the_news" title="Managing the news">Managing the news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bernays" title="Edward Bernays">Edward Bernays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">Marshall McLuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Jacques Rancière</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counterculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call-out_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-out culture">Call-out culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">Political satire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_bomb" title="Review bomb">Review bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media" title="Influence of mass media">Influence of mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_studies" title="Media studies">Media studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatization_(media)" title="Mediatization (media)">Mediatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotic_democracy" title="Semiotic democracy">Semiotic democracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Crowd" title="The Lonely Crowd">The Lonely Crowd</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">Concentration of media ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_women_in_mass_media" title="Exploitation of women in mass media">Exploitation of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">Social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_transparency" title="Media transparency">Transparency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_violence_in_mass_media" title="Effects of violence in mass media">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synonyms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_industry" title="Culture industry">Culture industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_society" title="Mass society">Mass society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">Media franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Fordism" title="Post-Fordism">Post-Fordism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectacle_(critical_theory)" title="Spectacle (critical theory)">Society of the Spectacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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