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Decentralization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decentralization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broader_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broader_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Broader movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broader_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movement_for_Black_Lives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_for_Black_Lives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Movement for Black Lives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement_for_Black_Lives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Funding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategies_and_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategies_and_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Strategies and tactics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategies_and_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_and_social_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_and_social_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Internet and social media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_and_social_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Direct action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media,_music_and_other_cultural_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media,_music_and_other_cultural_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Media, music and other cultural impacts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media,_music_and_other_cultural_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_use_of_excessive_force_by_police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_use_of_excessive_force_by_police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Allegations of use of excessive force by police </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Allegations_of_use_of_excessive_force_by_police-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Allegations of use of excessive force by police subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_use_of_excessive_force_by_police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disproportionate_policing_of_Black_Lives_Matter_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disproportionate_policing_of_Black_Lives_Matter_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Disproportionate policing of Black Lives Matter events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disproportionate_policing_of_Black_Lives_Matter_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Timeline of notable events and demonstrations in the United States </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline of notable events and demonstrations in the United States subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-George_Floyd_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#George_Floyd_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 George Floyd protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-George_Floyd_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 International movement </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_movement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International movement subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Denmark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_United_States_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_United_States_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 2016 United States presidential election </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2016_United_States_presidential_election-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2016 United States presidential election subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2016_United_States_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Primaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Democrats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democrats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Democrats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democrats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republicans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republicans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Republicans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republicans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 General election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_United_States_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_United_States_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2024 United States presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_United_States_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reactions and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"All_Lives_Matter"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"All_Lives_Matter""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 "All Lives Matter" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"All_Lives_Matter"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Blue_Lives_Matter"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Blue_Lives_Matter""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 "Blue Lives Matter" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Blue_Lives_Matter"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"White_Lives_Matter"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"White_Lives_Matter""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 "White Lives Matter" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"White_Lives_Matter"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Disinformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fake_manifesto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fake_manifesto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.1 Fake manifesto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fake_manifesto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Statistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5.1 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Peace_Prize_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Peace_Prize_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Nobel Peace Prize nomination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Peace_Prize_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Criticisms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticisms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Ideology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Tactics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Academic freedom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Views on law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disconnect_from_underprivileged_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disconnect_from_underprivileged_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Disconnect from underprivileged communities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disconnect_from_underprivileged_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insufficient_focus_on_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insufficient_focus_on_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Insufficient focus on women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insufficient_focus_on_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mismanagement_of_funds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mismanagement_of_funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Mismanagement of funds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mismanagement_of_funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lack_of_focus_on_unsolved_murders_and_missing_persons_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lack_of_focus_on_unsolved_murders_and_missing_persons_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Lack of focus on unsolved murders and missing persons cases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lack_of_focus_on_unsolved_murders_and_missing_persons_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Bibliographies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Black Lives Matter</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" > 73 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9" title="حياة السود مهمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حياة السود مهمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ব্ল্যাক লাইভস ম্যাটার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্ল্যাক লাইভস ম্যাটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhay_nin_Itom_Mahalaga" title="Buhay nin Itom Mahalaga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Buhay nin Itom Mahalaga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupenyu_hwe_Vatema_Hwakakosha" title="Hupenyu hwe Vatema Hwakakosha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hupenyu hwe Vatema Hwakakosha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جان سیاه‌پوستان مهم است – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان سیاه‌پوستان مهم است" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ब्लैक लाइव्स मैटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्लैक लाइव्स मैटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisha_ya_Weusi_ni_muhimu" title="Maisha ya Weusi ni muhimu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maisha ya Weusi ni muhimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyan%C3%AAn_re%C5%9F_gir%C3%AEng_in" title="Jiyanên reş girîng in – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jiyanên reş girîng in" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_vitt_di_negher_cunten" title="I vitt di negher cunten – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="I vitt di negher cunten" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC" title="ബ്ലാക്ക് ലൈവ്സ് മാറ്റെർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്ലാക്ക് ലൈവ്സ് മാറ്റെർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="ब्लॅक लाइव्ह्स मॅटर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्लॅक लाइव्ह्स मॅटर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ブラック・ライヴズ・マター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラック・ライヴズ・マター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬਲੈਕ ਲਾਈਵਜ਼ ਮੈਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੈਕ ਲਾਈਵਜ਼ ਮੈਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Black Lives Matter" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a> or other specific organizations that also use the term.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Black Lives Matter</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:Blmblm_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blmblm_cropped.svg/240px-Blmblm_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blmblm_cropped.svg/360px-Blmblm_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blmblm_cropped.svg/480px-Blmblm_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo and flag often used in the Black Lives Matter movement</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">2013–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;">International, largely in the United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Black Lives Matter movement</li><li>BLM</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">Racial discrimination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> against <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>Multiple mass protests in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">Impact on popular culture and politics</a></li> <li>Spread of protests outside the United States</li> <li>Founding of <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_(21587635011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Protesters lying down over rail tracks with a "Black Lives Matter" banner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821587635011%29.jpg/261px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821587635011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="261" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821587635011%29.jpg/392px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821587635011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821587635011%29.jpg/522px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821587635011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6629" data-file-height="4424" /></a><figcaption>A Black Lives Matter <a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">die-in</a> over rail tracks, protesting alleged police brutality in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a> (September 20, 2015)</figcaption></figure> Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralized</a> political and <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2021-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> that aims to highlight <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">racial inequality</a> experienced by <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a> and to promote <a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">anti-racism</a>. Its primary concerns are <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racially_motivated_violence" title="Racially motivated violence">racially motivated violence</a> against black people.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The movement began in response to the killings of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a>, among others. BLM and its related organizations typically advocate for various policy changes related to <a href="/wiki/Black_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Black liberation">black liberation</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Criminal justice reform in the United States">criminal justice reform</a>. While there are specific organizations that label themselves "Black Lives Matter", such as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a>, the overall movement is a decentralized network with no formal hierarchy.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Lives_Matter&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are about 40 chapters in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_2021-1">[1]</a> The slogan "Black Lives Matter" itself has not been <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarked</a> by any group.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In 2013, activists and friends <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opal_Tometi" class="mw-redirect" title="Opal Tometi">Opal Tometi</a> originated the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> #BlackLivesMatter on social media following the <a href="/wiki/Acquittal_of_George_Zimmerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquittal of George Zimmerman">acquittal of George Zimmerman</a> in the shooting death of African-American teen <a href="/wiki/Trayvon_Martin" title="Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a>. Black Lives Matter became nationally recognized for street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two more African Americans, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a>—resulting in <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">protests and unrest in Ferguson, Missouri</a>—and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Since the Ferguson protests, participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of numerous other African Americans by police actions or while in police custody. In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter activists became involved in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eligon-13">[13]</a> The movement gained international attention during <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">global protests in 2020</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> by Minneapolis police officer <a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> An estimated 15 to 26 million people participated in Black Lives Matter protests in the United States, making it one of the largest protest movements in the country's history.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Despite being characterized by opponents as violent, the overwhelming majority of BLM demonstrations have been peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The popularity of Black Lives Matter has shifted over time, largely due to changing perceptions among white Americans. In 2020, 67% of adults in the United States expressed support for the movement, declining to 51% of U.S. adults in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:11-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-pew-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Support among people of color has, however, held strong, with 81% of African Americans, 61% of Hispanics and 63% of Asian Americans expressing support for Black Lives Matter as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:11-18">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_organization">Structure and organization</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decentralization">Decentralization</h3></div> The phrase "Black Lives Matter" can refer to a <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">slogan</a>, a social movement, a <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> or a loose confederation of groups advocating for racial justice. As a movement, Black Lives Matter is <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> and decentralized, and leaders have emphasized the importance of local organizing over national leadership.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> The structure differs from previous black movements, like the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a> of the 1950s and 1960s. Such differences have been the subject of scholarly literature.<a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-25">[25]</a> Activist <a href="/wiki/DeRay_McKesson" class="mw-redirect" title="DeRay McKesson">DeRay McKesson</a> has commented that the movement "encompasses all who publicly declare that black lives matter and devote their time and energy accordingly."<a href="#cite_note-tags_BLM-26">[26]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Opal Tometi</a> formed the Black Lives Matter Network. Garza described the network as an online platform that existed to provide activists with a shared set of principles and goals. Local Black Lives Matter chapters are asked to commit to the organization's list of guiding principles but are autonomous,<a href="#cite_note-Smith_2021-1">[1]</a>: 124  operating without a central structure or hierarchy. Garza has commented that the Network was not interested in "policing who is and who is not part of the movement."<a href="#cite_note-ITT_BLM-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY_BLM-28">[28]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Lives_Matter&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are about 40 chapters in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_2021-1">[1]</a>: 124  The loose structure of Black Lives Matter has contributed to confusion in the press and among activists, as actions or statements from chapters or individuals are sometimes attributed to "Black Lives Matter" as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-dbeast_BLM-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-CJR_BLM-30">[30]</a> Matt Pearce, writing for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, commented that "the words could be serving as a political rallying cry or referring to the activist organization. Or it could be the fuzzily applied label used to describe a wide range of protests and conversations focused on racial inequality."<a href="#cite_note-LAT_BLM-31">[31]</a> On at least one occasion, a person represented as Managing Director of BLM Global Network has released a statement represented to be on behalf of that organization.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broader_movement">Broader movement</h3></div> Concurrently, a broader movement involving several other organizations and activists emerged under the banner of "Black Lives Matter", as well.<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a> initiated <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a>, aimed at promoting policy reforms to end police brutality. The campaign released a ten-point plan for reforms to policing, with recommendations including: ending <a href="/wiki/Broken_windows_theory" title="Broken windows theory">broken windows theory</a> policing, increasing community oversight of police departments, and creating stricter guidelines for the <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force" title="Use of force">use of force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_campaignzero-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reporter, John Eligon, wrote that some activists expressed concerns that the campaign was overly focused on legislative remedies for police violence.<a href="#cite_note-NYtimes_campaignzero-36">[36]</a> Black Lives Matter also voices support for various movements and causes beyond police brutality, including LGBTQ activism, feminism, immigration reform, and economic justice.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_(21552673186).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552673186%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552673186%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552673186%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552673186%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552673186%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552673186%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5175" data-file-height="3881" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter protest on September 20, 2015, against police brutality in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Movement_for_Black_Lives">Movement for Black Lives</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></div> The Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) is a coalition of more than 50 groups representing the interests of <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black communities</a> across the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Newkirk-38">[38]</a> Members include the Black Lives Matter Network, the <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Black_Lawyers" title="National Conference of Black Lawyers">National Conference of Black Lawyers</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Endorsed by groups such as <a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Race_Forward" title="Race Forward">Race Forward</a>, Brooklyn Movement Center, <a href="/wiki/PolicyLink" title="PolicyLink">PolicyLink</a>, Million Women March Cleveland, and ONE DC,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> the coalition receives communications and tactical support from an organization named Blackbird.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>, M4BL released the <a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a>, which called for sweeping legislative changes surrounding policing; the policy bill included calls to divest from policing and reinvest funds directly in community resources and alternative emergency response models.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> On July 24, 2015, the movement initially convened at <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_State_University" title="Cleveland State University">Cleveland State University</a> where between 1,500 and 2,000 activists gathered to participate in open discussions and demonstrations. The conference in Cleveland, Ohio initially attempted to "strategize ways for the Movement for Black Lives to hold law enforcement accountable for their actions on a national level".<a href="#cite_note-about2017-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-cleveland2015-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-bernard2017-46">[46]</a> However, the conference resulted in the formation of a much more significant social movement. At the end of the three-day conference, on July 26, the Movement for Black Lives initiated a yearlong "process of convening local and national groups to create a United Front".<a href="#cite_note-about2017-44">[44]</a> This year long process ultimately resulted in the establishment of an organizational platform that articulates the goals, demands, and policies which the Movement for Black Lives supports in order to achieve the "liberation" of black communities across America.<a href="#cite_note-about2017-44">[44]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> announced plans to fund the M4BL Movement for Black Lives in a "six-year investments" plan, further partnering up with others to found the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black-led_Movement_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black-led Movement Fund (page does not exist)">Black-led Movement Fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ford_Foundation-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The sum donated by the Ford Foundation and the other donors to M4BL was reported as $100 million by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a> in 2016 (equivalent to $127 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-50">[50]</a>); another donation of $33 million (equivalent to $42 million<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-50">[50]</a>) to M4BL was reportedly issued by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 2016, M4BL called for <a href="/wiki/Decarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Decarceration in the United States">decarceration in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">reparations for harms related to slavery</a>, and more recently, specific remedies for <a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">redlining</a> in housing, education policy, mass incarceration and food insecurity.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> It also called for an end to mass surveillance, investment in public education, not incarceration, and community control of the police: empowering residents in communities of color to hire and fire police officers and issue subpoenas, decide disciplinary consequences and exercise control over city funding of police.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> reported in 2015 that the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a>, a gathering of Democratic-Party donors, planned to meet with leaders of several groups who were endorsing the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-Vogel_&_Wheaton-56">[56]</a> According to Politico, Solidaire, the donor coalition focusing on "movement building" and led by Texas oil fortune heir <a href="/wiki/Leah_Hunt-Hendrix" title="Leah Hunt-Hendrix">Leah Hunt-Hendrix</a>, a member of the Democracy Alliance, had donated more than $200,000 to the BLM movement by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Vogel_&_Wheaton-56">[56]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, between May 2020 and December 2020, donations to Black Lives Matter related causes amounted to $10.6 billion (equivalent to $12 billion in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-50">[50]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a>, one of the main organizations coordinating organizing and mobilization efforts across the reported raising $90 million in 2020 (equivalent to $106 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-50">[50]</a>), including a substantial number of individual donations online, with an average donation of $30.76 (equivalent to $36.21<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-50">[50]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategies_and_tactics">Strategies and tactics</h3></div> Black Lives Matter originally used various social media platforms—including <a href="/wiki/Hashtag_activism" title="Hashtag activism">hashtag activism</a>—to reach thousands of people rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-herbert-60">[60]</a> Since then, Black Lives Matter has embraced a <a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_tactics" title="Diversity of tactics">diversity of tactics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Black Lives Matter protests have been overwhelmingly peaceful; when violence does occur, it is often committed by counter-protesters.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbcThug-64">[64]</a> Despite this, opponents often try to portray the movement as violent.<a href="#cite_note-nbcThug-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_and_social_media">Internet and social media</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:200px;max-width:200px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:247px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png/198px-BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png" decoding="async" width="198" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png/297px-BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png/396px-BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:247px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png/96px-BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png/144px-BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png/192px-BlackLivesMatter_hastag_table2.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="515" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Analysis of the usage of the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag on Twitter in response to major news events</div></div></div></div> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/American_Dialect_Society" title="American Dialect Society">American Dialect Society</a> chose #BlackLivesMatter as their <a href="/wiki/Word_of_the_year" title="Word of the year">word of the year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yes!_(U.S._magazine)" title="Yes! (U.S. magazine)">Yes! Magazine</a> picked #BlackLivesMatter as one of the twelve hashtags that changed the world in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> From July 2013 through May 1, 2018, the hashtag "#BlackLivesMatter" had been tweeted over 30 million times, an average of 17,002 times per day.<a href="#cite_note-PEW_2-69">[69]</a> By June 10, 2020, it had been tweeted roughly 47.8 million times,<a href="#cite_note-:7-70">[70]</a> with the period of July 7–17, 2016 having the highest usage, at nearly 500,000 tweets a day.<a href="#cite_note-PEW_2-69">[69]</a> This period also saw an increase in tweets using the hashtags "#BlueLivesMatter" and "#AllLivesMatter".<a href="#cite_note-PEW_2-69">[69]</a> On May 28, 2020, there were nearly 8.8 million tweets with the hashtag, and the average had increased to 3.7 million a day.<a href="#cite_note-:7-70">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers" title="2016 shooting of Dallas police officers">2016 shooting of Dallas police officers</a> saw the online tone of the movement become more negative than before, with 39% of tweets using the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter expressing opposition to the movement.<a href="#cite_note-PEW_4-71">[71]</a> Nearly half in opposition tied the group to violence, with many describing the group as terrorist.<a href="#cite_note-PEW_4-71">[71]</a> Khadijah White, a professor at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, argues that BLM has ushered in a new era of black university student movements. The ease with which bystanders can record graphic videos of police violence and post them onto social media has driven activism all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The hashtag's usage has gained the attention of high-ranking politicians and has sometimes encouraged them to support the movement.<a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-25">[25]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, a <a href="/wiki/WikiProject" title="WikiProject">WikiProject</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Black Lives Matter">coverage</a> of the Black Lives Matter movement was created in June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In 2020, users of the popular app <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> noticed that the app seemed to be <a href="/wiki/Shadow_banning" title="Shadow banning">shadow banning</a> posts about BLM or recent police killings of black people.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] TikTok apologized and attributed the situation to a technical glitch.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_action">Direct action</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg/220px-Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg/330px-Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg/440px-Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A "<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up!</a>" sign displayed at a Ferguson protest in August 2014</figcaption></figure> BLM generally engages in <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> tactics that make people uncomfortable enough that they must address the issue.<a href="#cite_note-tactics-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> BLM has been known to build power through protest and rallies.<a href="#cite_note-maddow-77">[77]</a> BLM has also staged <a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">die-ins</a> and held one during the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_Marathon" title="Twin Cities Marathon">Twin Cities Marathon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mara-78">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OaklandBLM-4174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/OaklandBLM-4174.jpg/220px-OaklandBLM-4174.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/OaklandBLM-4174.jpg/330px-OaklandBLM-4174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/OaklandBLM-4174.jpg/440px-OaklandBLM-4174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter demonstration in Oakland, California, December 2014</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_slogans" title="List of political slogans">Political slogans</a> used during demonstrations include the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eponym" class="extiw" title="wikt:eponym">eponymous</a> "Black Lives Matter", "<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a>" (a later discredited reference attributed to <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>), "<a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a>"<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> (referring to <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Eric_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a> and later <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a>), "White silence is violence",<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> "<a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a>",<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and "Is my son next?",<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> among others. According to a 2018 study, "Black Lives Matter protests are more likely to occur in localities where more black people have previously been killed by police."<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media,_music_and_other_cultural_impacts">Media, music and other cultural impacts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Black Lives Matter art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture</a></div> Since the beginning of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2013, with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> the movement has been depicted and documented in <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture#Film" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture#Music" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture#Television" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture#Literature" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">literature</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture#Art" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">visual arts</a>. A number of media outlets are providing material related to racial injustice and the Black Lives Matter movement. Published books, novels, and TV shows have increased in popularity in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Songs, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/They_Don%27t_Care_About_Us" title="They Don't Care About Us">They Don't Care About Us</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>", have been widely used as a rallying call at demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The short documentary film, <a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a>, features brief appearances by various activists and recording artists affiliated with the Black Lives Matter movement. The film is an official selection of the 24th Annual <a href="/wiki/Pan_African_Film_Festival" title="Pan African Film Festival">Pan African Film Festival</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a> is a 2016 American television documentary film, starring <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Williams_(actor)" title="Jesse Williams (actor)">Jesse Williams</a>, about the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-HP-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The February 2015 issue of <a href="/wiki/Essence_(magazine)" title="Essence (magazine)">Essence</a> magazine and the cover was devoted to Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In December 2015, BLM was a contender for the <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a> award, coming in fourth of the eight candidates.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_Space,_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_(49986786312).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/In_Space%2C_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_%2849986786312%29.jpg/220px-In_Space%2C_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_%2849986786312%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/In_Space%2C_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_%2849986786312%29.jpg/330px-In_Space%2C_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_%2849986786312%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/In_Space%2C_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_%2849986786312%29.jpg/440px-In_Space%2C_We_Can_Hear_Your_Screams_%2849986786312%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1681" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a> in Washington, D.C., as seen from space on June 8, 2020</figcaption></figure> A number of cities have painted <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">murals of "Black Lives Matter" in large letters on their streets</a>. The cities include <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On May 9, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Delrish_Moss" title="Delrish Moss">Delrish Moss</a> was sworn in as the first African American police chief in Ferguson, Missouri. He acknowledged that he faces such challenges as diversifying the police force, improving community relations, and addressing issues that catalyzed the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allegations_of_use_of_excessive_force_by_police">Allegations of use of excessive force by police</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Race_in_the_United_States_criminal_justice_system" title="Race in the United States criminal justice system">Race in the United States criminal justice system</a></div> According to a study from the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Justice_Statistics" title="Bureau of Justice Statistics">Bureau of Justice Statistics</a> from 2002 to 2011, among those who had contact with the police, "blacks (2.8%) were more likely than whites (1.0%) and Hispanics (1.4%) to perceive the threat or use of nonfatal force was excessive."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, police officers shot and killed 1,001 people in the United States in 2019. About half of those killed were white, and one quarter were black, making the rate of deaths for black Americans (31 fatal shootings per million) more than twice as high as the rate for white Americans (13 fatal shootings per million).<a href="#cite_note-:1-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The Washington Post also counts 13 unarmed black Americans shot dead by police in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> A 2015 study by Cody Ross, UC Davis found "significant bias in the killing of unarmed black Americans relative to unarmed white Americans" by police. The study found that unarmed African Americans had 3.49 times the probability of being shot compared to unarmed whites, although in some jurisdictions the risk could be as much as 20 times higher. The study found that 2.79 more armed blacks were shot than unarmed blacks. The study also found that the documented county-level racial bias in police shootings could not be explained by differences in local crime rates.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> A 2019 study by Cesario et al. published in <a href="/wiki/Social_Psychological_and_Personality_Science" title="Social Psychological and Personality Science">Social Psychological and Personality Science</a> found that after adjusting for crime, there was "no systematic evidence of anti-black disparities in fatal shootings, fatal shootings of unarmed citizens, or fatal shootings involving misidentification of harmless objects".<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> However, a 2020 study by Cody Ross et al. criticizes the data analysis used in the Cesario et al. study. Using the same data set for police shootings in 2015 and 2016, Ross et al. conclude that there is significant racial bias in police shooting cases involving unarmed black suspects. This bias is not seen when suspects were armed.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg/250px-Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg/375px-Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg/500px-Police_killings_in_the_USA_in_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Map depicting rates of police killings by state in the United States in 2018</figcaption></figure> A study by Harvard economist <a href="/wiki/Roland_G._Fryer_Jr." title="Roland G. Fryer Jr.">Roland Fryer</a> found that blacks and Hispanics were 50% more likely to experience non-lethal force in police interactions, but for officer-involved shootings there were "no racial differences in either the raw data or when contextual factors are taken into account".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> A 2019 study in <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">PNAS</a> concluded that black people were actually less likely than <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a> to be killed by police, based on the death rates in police encounters.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The authors later retracted the paper because although "our data and statistical approach were appropriate for investigating whether officer characteristics are related to the race of civilians fatally shot by police," the paper had been "cited as providing support for the idea that there are no racial biases in fatal shootings, or policing in general" whereas in fact their analyses "are inadequate to address racial disparities in the probability of being shot."<a href="#cite_note-JohnsonRetract-107">[107]</a> Another study found that such conclusions were erroneous due to <a href="/wiki/Simpson%27s_paradox" title="Simpson's paradox">Simpson's paradox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cody2018-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> According to the paper, while it was true that white people were more likely to be killed in a police encounter, overall black people were still being discriminated against because they were more likely to have interactions with the police due to structural racism.<a href="#cite_note-Cody2018-108">[108]</a> They are more likely to be stopped for more petty crimes or for no crime at all. Conversely, white people interact with police more rarely, and often for more serious crimes such as shootings, where police are more likely to use force. The same paper also backed up the findings of Ross and Fryer, and concluded that overall rate of death was a much more useful statistic than the rate of death in encounters.<a href="#cite_note-Cody2018-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disproportionate_policing_of_Black_Lives_Matter_events">Disproportionate policing of Black Lives Matter events</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_response_to_the_2021_United_States_Capitol_attack#Accusations_of_differential_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement response to the 2021 United States Capitol attack">Law enforcement response to the 2021 United States Capitol attack § Accusations of differential treatment</a></div> Black Lives Matter protesters are themselves sometimes subject to excessive policing of the kind against which they are demonstrating. In May 2020, in addition to police, 43,350 military troops were deployed against Black Lives Matter protesters nationally.<a href="#cite_note-2021-01-10-nbc-110">[110]</a> Military surveillance aircraft were deployed against subsequent Black Lives Matter protests.<a href="#cite_note-2021-01-10-nbc-110">[110]</a> Observers, such as U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, have noted that violent far-right mobilizations, including the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a>, attracted smaller and more passive police presences than peaceful Black Lives Matter protests.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In November 2015, a police officer in Oregon was removed from street duty following a <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> post in which he said he would have to "babysit these fools", in reference to a planned BLM event.<a href="#cite_note-larimer-116">[116]</a> According to a report released by the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a> in August 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States federal government</a> deliberately targeted Black Lives Matter protesters in an attempt to disrupt and discourage the Black Lives Matter movement during the summer of 2020. According to the report, "The empirical data and findings in this report largely corroborate what Black organizers have long known intellectually, intuitively, and from lived experience about the federal government's disparate policing and prosecution of racial justice protests and related activity".<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States">Timeline of notable events and demonstrations in the United States</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States">Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_(15902086996).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_%2815902086996%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_%2815902086996%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_%2815902086996%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_%2815902086996%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_%2815902086996%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_Black_Friday_%2815902086996%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3642" data-file-height="5466" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter protester at <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square" title="Macy's Herald Square">Macy's Herald Square</a>, November 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4023" data-file-height="2754" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter protest at <a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, November 2014</figcaption></figure> In 2014, Black Lives Matter demonstrated against the deaths of numerous African Americans by police actions, including those of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In July, Eric Garner died in New York City, after a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> officer put him in a banned <a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">chokehold</a> while arresting him. Garner's death has been cited as one of several police killings of African Americans that sparked the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-nobody-119">[119]</a> During the Labor Day weekend in August, Black Lives Matter organized a "Freedom Ride", that brought more than 500 African-Americans from across the United States into <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>, to support the work being done on the ground by local organizations.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The movement continued to be involved in the <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson protests</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">killing of Michael Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The protests at times came into conflict with local and state police departments, who typically responded in an armed manner. At one point the National Guard was called in and <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">a state of emergency</a> was declared.<a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> Also in August, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department" title="Los Angeles Police Department">Los Angeles Police Department</a> officers shot and killed Ezell Ford; BLM protested his death in Los Angeles into 2015.<a href="#cite_note-grad-123">[123]</a> In November, a New York City Police Department officer shot and killed, Akai Gurley, a 28-year-old African-American man. Gurley's death was later protested by Black Lives Matter in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, California, fourteen Black Lives Matter activists were arrested after they stopped a <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> (BART) train for more than an hour on <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a>, one of the biggest shopping days of the year. The protest, led by Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza, was organized in response to the grand jury decision not to indict Darren Wilson for the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">killing of Michael Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Also in November, Tamir Rice, a 12-year-old African-American boy was shot and killed by a Cleveland police officer. Rice's death has also been cited as contributing to "sparking" the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-nobody-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest,_Mall_of_America,_December_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Black_Lives_Matter_protest%2C_Mall_of_America%2C_December_2014.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest%2C_Mall_of_America%2C_December_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Black_Lives_Matter_protest%2C_Mall_of_America%2C_December_2014.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest%2C_Mall_of_America%2C_December_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Black_Lives_Matter_protest%2C_Mall_of_America%2C_December_2014.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest%2C_Mall_of_America%2C_December_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>A Black Lives Matter protest of police brutality in the rotunda of the <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_America" title="Mall of America">Mall of America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Minnesota" title="Bloomington, Minnesota">Bloomington, Minnesota</a>, in December 2014</figcaption></figure> In December, two to three thousand people gathered at the <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_America" title="Mall of America">Mall of America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Minnesota" title="Bloomington, Minnesota">Bloomington, Minnesota</a>, to protest the killings of unarmed black men by police.<a href="#cite_note-reinan-128">[128]</a> The police at the mall were equipped with riot gear and bomb-sniffing dogs; at least twenty members of the protest were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-Brumfield-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-ALDM-130">[130]</a> Management said that they were "extremely disappointed that organizers of Black Lives Matter protest chose to ignore our stated policy and repeated reminders that political protests and demonstrations are not allowed on Mall of America property".<a href="#cite_note-Brumfield-129">[129]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, Wisconsin, BLM protested the police <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">killing of Dontre Hamilton</a>, who died in April.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Black Lives Matter protested the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">killing of John Crawford III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Murder of Renisha McBride</a> was protested by Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Also in December, in response to the decision by the grand jury not to indict Darren Wilson on any charges related to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">killing of Michael Brown</a>, a protest march was held in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, California. Later, in 2015, protesters and journalists who participated in that rally filed a lawsuit alleging "unconstitutional police attacks" on attendees.<a href="#cite_note-skinner-134">[134]</a> A week after the Michael Brown verdict, two police officers were killed in New York City by Ismaaiyl Brinsley, who expressed a desire to kill police officers in retribution for the deaths of Garner and Brown. Black Lives Matter condemned the shooting, though some right-wing media attempted to connect the group to it, with the <a href="/wiki/Police_Benevolent_Association_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Police Benevolent Association of the City of New York">Patrolman's Benevolent Association</a> president claiming that there was "blood on [the] hands [of] those that incited violence on the street under the guise of protests".<a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> A conservative television commentator also attempted to connect Black Lives Matter to protesters chanting that they wanted to see "dead cops," at the December "Millions March" which was organized by different groups.<a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg/220px-Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg/330px-Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg/440px-Don%27t_forget_Freddie_Gray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>A demonstrator raising awareness of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">death of Freddie Gray</a> in Baltimore, April 2015</figcaption></figure> In 2015, Black Lives Matter demonstrated against the deaths of numerous African Americans by police actions, including those of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a> as well Dylann Roof's murder of <a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting#Victims" title="Charleston church shooting">The Charleston Nine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In March, BLM protested at Chicago Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a>'s office, demanding reforms within the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Charley Leundeu Keunang, a 43-year-old Cameroonian national, was fatally shot by Los Angeles Police Department officers. The LAPD arrested fourteen following BLM demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In April, Black Lives Matter across the United States protested over the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">death of Freddie Gray</a> which included the <a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-norfleet-140">[140]</a> The National Guard was called in.<a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> After the killing of Walter Scott in <a href="/wiki/North_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="North Charleston, South Carolina">North Charleston</a>, South Carolina, Black Lives Matter protested Scott's death and called for <a href="/wiki/Civilian_oversight" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian oversight">Civilian oversight</a> of police.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In May, a protest by BLM in San Francisco was part of a nationwide protest, <a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">SayHerName</a>, decrying the police killing of black women and girls, which included the deaths of Meagan Hockaday, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-naked-142">[142]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, after an officer was acquitted at trial in the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a>, BLM protested.<a href="#cite_note-CNN0526-143">[143]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a>, Wisconsin, BLM protested after the officer was not charged in the killing of Tony Robinson.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In June, after <a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">shooting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church">a historically black church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>, South Carolina, BLM across the country marched, protested and held vigil for several days after the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-zukic-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> BLM was part of a march for peace on the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ravenel_Jr._Bridge" title="Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge">Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abc4-147">[147]</a> After the Charleston shooting, a number of memorials to the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> were graffitied with "Black Lives Matter" or otherwise vandalized.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-duda-149">[149]</a> Around 800 people protested in McKinney, Texas after <a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">a video was released</a> showing an officer pinning a girl—at a pool party in <a href="/wiki/McKinney,_Texas" title="McKinney, Texas">McKinney</a>, Texas—to the ground with his knees.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In July, BLM activists across the United States began protests over the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">death of Sandra Bland</a>, an African-American woman, who was allegedly found hanged in a jail cell in <a href="/wiki/Waller_County,_Texas" title="Waller County, Texas">Waller County</a>, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-bland-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-sun-152">[152]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio, BLM rallied and protested the death of Samuel DuBose after he was shot and killed by a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a> police officer.<a href="#cite_note-wlwt-153">[153]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, New Jersey, over a thousand BLM activists marched against police brutality, racial injustice, and economic inequality.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Also in July, BLM protested the death of Jonathan Sanders who died while being arrested by police in Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown,_the_Ferguson_Rebellion,_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._(20426285322).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown%2C_the_Ferguson_Rebellion%2C_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._%2820426285322%29.jpg/330px-1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown%2C_the_Ferguson_Rebellion%2C_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._%2820426285322%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown%2C_the_Ferguson_Rebellion%2C_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._%2820426285322%29.jpg/495px-1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown%2C_the_Ferguson_Rebellion%2C_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._%2820426285322%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown%2C_the_Ferguson_Rebellion%2C_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._%2820426285322%29.jpg/660px-1_Year_Commemoration_of_the_Murder_of_Michael_Brown%2C_the_Ferguson_Rebellion%2C_%26_the_Black_Lives_Matter_uprising._%2820426285322%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7469" data-file-height="1841" /></a><figcaption>One-year commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">killing of Michael Brown</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Center" title="Barclays Center">Barclays Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, August 2015</figcaption></figure> In August, BLM organizers held a rally in Washington, D.C., calling for a stop to violence against <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> women.<a href="#cite_note-stein-157">[157]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>, North Carolina, after a judge declared a <a href="/wiki/Trial#Mistrials" title="Trial">mistrial</a> in the trial of a white Charlotte police officer who killed an unarmed black man, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a>, BLM protested and staged <a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">die-ins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kerrick-158">[158]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e" title="Janelle Monáe">Janelle Monáe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jidenna" title="Jidenna">Jidenna</a>, and other BLM activists marched through <a href="/wiki/North_Philadelphia" title="North Philadelphia">North Philadelphia</a> to bring awareness to police brutality and Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-chang-159">[159]</a> Around August 9, the first anniversary of Michael Brown's death, BLM rallied, held vigil and marched in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> and across the country.<a href="#cite_note-brownann-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-simone-161">[161]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_(21552438456).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552438456%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552438456%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552438456%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552438456%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552438456%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_against_St._Paul_police_brutality_%2821552438456%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6820" data-file-height="3836" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality at <a href="/wiki/Metro_Green_Line_(Minnesota)" title="Metro Green Line (Minnesota)">Metro Green Line</a>, September 2015</figcaption></figure> In September, over five hundred BLM protesters in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, Texas rallied against police brutality, and several briefly carried protest banners onto <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35" title="Interstate 35">Interstate 35</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chron-162">[162]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, BLM activists marched and protested as hearings began in the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a> police brutality case.<a href="#cite_note-hedg-163">[163]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, California, about eight hundred BLM protesters rallied to support a <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">California State Senate</a> bill that would increase police oversight.<a href="#cite_note-sac-164">[164]</a> BLM protested the killing of Jeremy McDole.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> In October, Black Lives Matter activists were arrested during a protest of a police chiefs conference in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-morris-166">[166]</a> "Rise Up October" straddled the Black Lives Matter Campaign, and brought several protests.<a href="#cite_note-shaker-167">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a>, participating in "Rise Up October", decried police violence.<a href="#cite_note-democ-168">[168]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_(22627979078).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_%2822627979078%29.jpg/220px-Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_%2822627979078%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_%2822627979078%29.jpg/330px-Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_%2822627979078%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_%2822627979078%29.jpg/440px-Justice_for_Jamar_Response_Action_%2822627979078%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Protest march in response to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark killing</a>, Minneapolis, Minnesota, November 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_(22632545857).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_%2822632545857%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_%2822632545857%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_%2822632545857%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_%2822632545857%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_%2822632545857%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_-_Minneapolis_Protest_%2822632545857%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4951" data-file-height="3273" /></a><figcaption>An activist holds a "Black Lives Matter" sign outside the Minneapolis Police Fourth Precinct building following the officer-involved killing of Jamar Clark on November 15, 2015</figcaption></figure> In November, BLM activists protested after Jamar Clark was shot by <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Police_Department" title="Minneapolis Police Department">Minneapolis Police Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> A continuous protest was organized at the Minneapolis 4th Precinct Police. During the encamped protest, protesters, and outside agitators clashed with police, vandalized the station and attempted to ram the station with an SUV.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Later that month a march was organized to honor Jamar Clark, from the 4th Precinct to downtown Minneapolis. After the march, a group of men carrying firearms and body armor<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> appeared and began calling the protesters racial slurs according to a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter. After protesters asked the armed men to leave, the men opened fire, shooting five protesters.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Silverstein_2015-174">[174]</a> All injuries required hospitalization, but were not life-threatening. The men fled the scene only to be found later and arrested. The three men arrested were young and white, and observers called them <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_2015-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In February 2017, one of the men arrested, Allen Scarsella, was convicted of a dozen felony counts of assault and riot in connection with the shooting. Based in part on months of racist messages Scarsella had sent his friends before the shooting, the judge rejected arguments by his defense that Scarsella was "naïve" and sentenced him in April 2017 to 15 years out of a maximum 20-year sentence.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> From November into 2016, BLM protested the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Murder of Laquan McDonald</a>, calling for the resignation of numerous Chicago officials in the wake of the shooting and its handling. McDonald was shot 16 times by Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3></div> In 2016, Black Lives Matter demonstrated against the deaths of numerous African Americans by police actions, including those of Bruce Kelley Jr., <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a>, among others. In January, hundreds of BLM protesters marched in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> to protest the December 2, 2015, shooting death of Mario Woods, who was shot by <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Police">San Francisco Police</a> officers. The march was held during a <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> event.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> BLM held protests, community meetings, teach-ins, and direct actions across the country with the goal of "reclaim[ing] the radical legacy of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>"<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In February, Abdullahi Omar Mohamed, a 17-year-old Somali refugee, was shot and injured by <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, police after allegedly being involved in a confrontation with another person. The shooting led to BLM protests.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In June, members of BLM and <a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a> protested the California conviction and sentencing of Jasmine Richards for a 2015 incident in which she attempted to stop a police officer from arresting another woman. Richards was convicted of "attempting to unlawfully take a person from the lawful custody of a peace officer", a charge that the state penal code had designated as "<a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynching</a>" until that word was removed two months prior to the incident.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On July 5, Alton Sterling, a 37-year-old black man, was shot several times at point-blank range while pinned to the ground by two white Baton Rouge Police Department officers in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a>, Louisiana. On the night of July 5, more than 100 demonstrators in Baton Rouge shouted, "no justice, no peace," set off fireworks, and blocked an intersection to protest Sterling's death.<a href="#cite_note-brennan-184">[184]</a> On July 6, Black Lives Matter held a <a href="/wiki/Candlelight_vigil" title="Candlelight vigil">candlelight vigil</a> in Baton Rouge, with chants of "We love Baton Rouge" and calls for justice.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> On July 6, Philando Castile was fatally shot by Jeronimo Yanez, a <a href="/wiki/St._Anthony,_Minnesota" title="St. Anthony, Minnesota">St. Anthony</a>, Minnesota police officer, after being pulled over in <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heights,_Minnesota" title="Falcon Heights, Minnesota">Falcon Heights</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a>. Castile was driving a car with his girlfriend and her 4-year-old daughter as passengers when he was pulled over by Yanez and another officer.<a href="#cite_note-Chappell-186">[186]</a> According to his girlfriend, after being asked for his license and registration, Castile told the officer he was licensed to <a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Minnesota#Permits_to_carry" title="Gun laws in Minnesota">carry a weapon</a> and had one in the car.<a href="#cite_note-BBCCastileDeath-187">[187]</a> She stated: "The officer said don't move. As he was putting his hands back up, the officer shot him in the arm four or five times."<a href="#cite_note-PheiferPeck-188">[188]</a> She <a href="/wiki/Live-stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-stream">live-streamed</a> a video on <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> in the immediate aftermath of the shooting. Following the fatal shooting of Castile, BLM protested throughout Minnesota and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_(28084964251).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_%2828084964251%29.jpg/220px-Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_%2828084964251%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_%2828084964251%29.jpg/330px-Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_%2828084964251%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_%2828084964251%29.jpg/440px-Protest_march_in_response_to_the_Philando_Castile_shooting_%2828084964251%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Protest march in response to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">killing of Philando Castile</a>, St. Paul, Minnesota, July 7, 2016</figcaption></figure> On July 7, a BLM protest was held in Dallas, Texas that was organized to protest the deaths of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile. At the end of the peaceful protest, Micah Xavier Johnson <a href="/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers" title="2016 shooting of Dallas police officers">opened fire in an ambush</a>, killing five police officers and wounding seven others and two civilians. The gunman was then killed by a robot-delivered bomb.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Before he died, according to police, Johnson said that "he was upset about Black Lives Matter", and that "he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers."<a href="#cite_note-Bromwich-191">[191]</a> Texas Lt. Governor <a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a> and other conservative lawmakers blamed the shootings on the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> The Black Lives Matter network released a statement denouncing the shootings.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> On July 8, more than 100 people were arrested at Black Lives Matter protests across the United States.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg/220px-Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg/330px-Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg/440px-Sit-in_during_San_Francisco_July_2016_rally_against_police_violence_-_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5530" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Protest in response to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling killing</a>, San Francisco, California, July 8, 2016</figcaption></figure> In the first half of July, there were at least 112 protests in 88 American cities.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> On July 13, <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> stars <a href="/wiki/LeBron_James" title="LeBron James">LeBron James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Anthony" title="Carmelo Anthony">Carmelo Anthony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Paul" title="Chris Paul">Chris Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dwyane_Wade" title="Dwyane Wade">Dwyane Wade</a> opened the <a href="/wiki/2016_ESPY_Awards" title="2016 ESPY Awards">2016 ESPY Awards</a> with a Black Lives Matter message.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> On July 26, Black Lives Matter held a protest in Austin, Texas, to mark the third anniversary of the shooting death of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-march-199">[199]</a> On July 28, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a> officers shot Paul O'Neal in the back and killed him following a car chase.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> After the shooting, hundreds marched in Chicago, Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-DNA-201">[201]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Randallstown,_Maryland" title="Randallstown, Maryland">Randallstown</a>, Maryland, near Baltimore, on August 1, police officers shot and killed Korryn Gaines, a 23-year-old African American woman, also shooting and injuring her son.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Gaines' death was protested in Baltimore.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In August, Black Lives Matter protested in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania the death of Bruce Kelley Jr., who was shot after fatally stabbing a police dog while trying to escape from police the previous January.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> In August, several professional athletes began participating in <a href="/wiki/2016_U.S._national_anthem_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 U.S. national anthem protests">National Anthem protests</a>. The protests began in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) after <a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a> of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> sat during the anthem, as opposed to the tradition of standing, before his team's third <a href="/wiki/NFL_preseason" title="NFL preseason">preseason</a> game of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-SB-205">[205]</a> During a post-game interview he explained his position stating, "I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and <a href="/wiki/People_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="People of color">people of color</a>. To me, this is bigger than football and it would be selfish on my part to look the other way. There are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder,"<a href="#cite_note-wyche-206">[206]</a> a protest widely interpreted as in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The protests have generated mixed reactions and have since spread to other U.S. sports leagues. In September, BLM protested the shooting deaths by police officers of Terence Crutcher in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a>, Oklahoma, and Keith Lamont Scott in Charlotte, North Carolina.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDaily-212">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer" title="The Charlotte Observer">The Charlotte Observer</a> reported "The protesters began to gather as night fell, hours after the shooting. They held themed signs that said 'Stop Killing Us' and 'Black Lives Matter,' and they chanted 'No justice, no peace.' The scene was sometimes chaotic and tense, with water bottles and stones chucked at police lines, but many protesters called for peace and implored their fellow demonstrators not to act violently."<a href="#cite_note-ObserverAftermath16-213">[213]</a> Multiple nights of protests in September and October were held in <a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a>, California, following the killing of Alfred Olango.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3></div> During the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a>, a month-long "Black Lives Matter" art exhibition was organized by three <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, Virginia artists at the First Unitarian Universalist Church of Richmond in the Byrd Park area of the city. The show featured more than 30 diverse multicultural artists on a theme exploring racial equality and justice.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In the same month <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University's</a> (VCU) James Branch Cabell Library focused on a month-long schedule of events relating to <a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">African-American history</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> and showed photos from the church's "Black Lives Matter" exhibition on its outdoor screen.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The VCU schedule of events also included: the Real Life Film Series The Angry Heart: The Impact of Racism on Heart Disease among African-Americans; <a href="/wiki/Keith_Knight_(cartoonist)" title="Keith Knight (cartoonist)">Keith Knight</a> presented the 14th Annual VCU Libraries Black History Month lecture; <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ross" title="Lawrence Ross">Lawrence Ross</a>, author of the book Blackballed: The Black and White Politics of Race on America's Campuses talked about how his book related to the "Black Lives Matter" movement; and <a href="/wiki/Velma_Scantlebury" title="Velma Scantlebury">Velma P. Scantlebury</a>, M.D., the first black female transplant surgeon in the United States, discussed "Health Equity in Kidney Transplantation: Experiences from a surgeon's perspective." Black Lives Matter protested the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">killing of Jocques Clemmons</a> which occurred in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, Tennessee on February 10, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-thetennesseanclemmonsfamily-219">[219]</a> On May 12, 2017, a day after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Funk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn Funk (page does not exist)">Glenn Funk</a>, the district attorney of <a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson County</a> decided not to prosecute police officer Joshua Lippert, the Nashville chapter of BLM held a demonstration near the <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> campus all the way to the residence of Nashville mayor <a href="/wiki/Megan_Barry" title="Megan Barry">Megan Barry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tennesseanjusticedemonstratesoutside-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-wkrnsilentmarchforjocques-221">[221]</a> On September 27 at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a>, students associated with Black Lives Matter protested an <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union </a> (ACLU) event because the ACLU had fought for the right of the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> to be held in Charlottesville, Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> William & Mary's president <a href="/wiki/W._Taylor_Reveley_III" title="W. Taylor Reveley III">Taylor Reveley</a> responded with a statement defending the college's commitment to open debate.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3></div> In February and March 2018, as part of its social justice focus, First <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitarian Universalist">Unitarian Church</a> of Richmond, Virginia in Richmond, Virginia presented its Second Annual Black Lives Matter Art Exhibition.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Works of art in the exhibition were projected at scheduled hours on the large exterior screen (jumbotron) at <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University's</a> Cabell Library. Artists with art in the exhibition were invited to discuss their work in the Black Lives Matter show as it was projected at an evening forum in a small amphitheater at VCU's Hibbs Hall. They were also invited to exhibit afterward at a local showing of the 1961 film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/A_Raisin_in_the_Sun_(1961_film)" title="A Raisin in the Sun (1961 film)">A Raisin in the Sun</a>. In April, CNN reported that the largest Facebook account claiming to be a part of the "Black Lives Matter" movement was a "scam" tied to a white man in Australia. The account, with 700,000 followers, linked to fundraisers that raised $100,000 or more, purportedly for U.S. Black Lives Matter causes; however, some of the money was instead transferred to Australian banks accounts, according to CNN. Facebook has suspended the offending page.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2022 United States racial unrest">2020–2022 United States racial unrest</a></div> On February 23, 2020, Ahmaud Arbery, an unarmed 25-year-old African American man, was <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">murdered</a> while jogging in <a href="/wiki/Glynn_County,_Georgia" title="Glynn County, Georgia">Glynn County, Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Arbery had been pursued and confronted by three white residents driving two vehicles, including a father and son who were armed.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> All three men were indicted on nine counts, including felony murder.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> On March 13, Louisville police officers knocked down the apartment door of 26-year-old African American Breonna Taylor, serving a no-knock search warrant for drug suspicions. After her boyfriend shot a police officer in the leg,<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Police fired several shots which led to her death</a>. Her boyfriend called 911 and said, "someone kicked in the door and shot my girlfriend".<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Protests were held in Louisville with calls for police reform.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="George_Floyd_protests">George Floyd protests</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">Murder of George Floyd</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC,_Lafayette_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC%2C_Lafayette_Square.jpg/220px-George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC%2C_Lafayette_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC%2C_Lafayette_Square.jpg/330px-George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC%2C_Lafayette_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC%2C_Lafayette_Square.jpg/440px-George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_DC%2C_Lafayette_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>George Floyd protests at Lafayette Square, Washington D.C., May 30, 2020</figcaption></figure> At the end of May, spurred on by a rash of racially charged events including those above, over 450 major protests<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> were held in cities and towns across the United States and three continents.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> The breaking point was due primarily to the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> by Minneapolis police officer <a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> eventually charged with second-degree murder after a video circulated showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck for nearly nine minutes while Floyd pleaded for his life, repeating: "<a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a>."<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Following protesters' demands for additional prosecutions, three other officers were charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg/220px-North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg/330px-North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg/440px-North_America_Protests_8_JUN_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Protests in May 2020 after George Floyd's death</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter,_Washington_National_Cathedral,_10June2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Washington_National_Cathedral%2C_10June2020.jpg/170px-Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Washington_National_Cathedral%2C_10June2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Washington_National_Cathedral%2C_10June2020.jpg/255px-Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Washington_National_Cathedral%2C_10June2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Washington_National_Cathedral%2C_10June2020.jpg/340px-Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Washington_National_Cathedral%2C_10June2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>"Black Lives Matter" on the facade of the Washington National Cathedral, June 10, 2020</figcaption></figure> Black Lives Matter organized rallies in the United States and worldwide<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> from May 30 onwards,<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> with protesters enacting Floyd's final moments, many lying down in streets and on bridges, yelling "I can't breathe," while others marched by the thousands, some carrying signs that read, "Tell your brother in blue, don't shoot"—"Who do you call when the murderer wears a badge?" and "Justice for George Floyd."<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> While global in nature and supported by several unassociated organizations, the Black Lives Matter movement has been inextricably linked to these monumental protests.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Black Lives Matter called to "<a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">defund the police</a>", a slogan with varying interpretations from <a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">police abolition</a> to divestment from police and prisons to reinvestment in social services in communities of color.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> reported that the Washington D.C. Black Lives Matter chapter's demands were <a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">defunding the police</a>, halting the construction of new jails, <a href="/wiki/Decriminalizing_sex_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Decriminalizing sex work">decriminalizing sex work</a>, removing police from schools, exonerating protesters and abolishing <a href="/wiki/Cash_bail" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash bail">cash bail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_0008_(50283939071).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/DSC_0008_%2850283939071%29.jpg/220px-DSC_0008_%2850283939071%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/DSC_0008_%2850283939071%29.jpg/330px-DSC_0008_%2850283939071%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/DSC_0008_%2850283939071%29.jpg/440px-DSC_0008_%2850283939071%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> led the <a href="/wiki/Commitment_March:_Get_Your_Knee_Off_Our_Necks" title="Commitment March: Get Your Knee Off Our Necks">Commitment March: Get Your Knee Off Our Necks</a> in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 2020</figcaption></figure> On June 5, Washington, D.C.'s Mayor <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Bowser" title="Muriel Bowser">Muriel Bowser</a> announced that part of the street outside the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> had been officially renamed to <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a> posted with a street sign.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> On June 7, in the wake of global <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> and Black Lives Matter's call to "defund the police", the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_City_Council" title="Minneapolis City Council">Minneapolis City Council</a> voted to "disband its police department" to shift funding to social programs in communities of color. City Council President Lisa Bender said, "Our efforts at incremental reform have failed. Period." The council vote came after the Minneapolis Public Schools, the University of Minnesota and Minneapolis Parks and Recreation cut ties with the Minneapolis Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> At the end of 2020, approximately $8 million of the city's $179 million police budget was reallocated for violence prevention pilot programs and was considered the type of incremental reform that activists and politicians had earlier denounced.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> On July 20, the <a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">Strike for Black Lives</a>, organized in part by Black Lives Matter, featured thousands of workers across the United States performing a <a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">walkout</a> to raise awareness of systemic racism following Floyd's murder.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> From May 26 to August 22, there were more than 7,750 BLM-linked demonstrations in over 2,240 locations throughout the United States.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3></div> On April 20, 2021, a jury, consisting of six white people and six people of color, found Chauvin guilty on three counts: unintentional <a href="/wiki/Second-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-degree murder">second-degree murder</a>; third-degree murder; and second-degree manslaughter.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022">2022</h3></div> In Illinois, Olivia Butts organized an effort to get the elimination of cash bail passed for 2023 under a new bill known as the <a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">SAFE-T Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> As a result of <a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_United_States_cannabis_reform_proposals" title="List of 2021 United States cannabis reform proposals">2021 marijuana legalization efforts</a>, Black Lives Matter activist Lexis Figuereo's conviction was expunged in New York.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3></div> A vigil was held for the death of <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a> who was killed by a police officer of the Los Angeles Police Department. Anderson was the cousin of Black Lives Matter co-founder <a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> The releasing of camera footage regarding the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyre_Nichols" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Tyre Nichols">death of Tyre Nichols</a> in January 2023 led to <a href="/wiki/2023_Memphis_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Memphis protests">protests in Memphis</a>. Al Sharpton of the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Network" title="National Action Network">National Action Network</a> spoke on the matter upon the release of bodycam footage.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> A ruling made by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Alabama" title="Supreme Court of Alabama">Supreme Court of Alabama</a> continues to prevent most <a href="/wiki/Police_body_camera" title="Police body camera">police body camera</a> footage, including that related to Joseph Pettaway who bled to death in 2018 after being bitten by a <a href="/wiki/Police_dog" title="Police dog">police dog</a>, from being released to the public.<a href="#cite_note-al-tenn-6-apr-23-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-al-alabama-dog-17-dec-22-261">[261]</a> In December 2022 Judge Jerusha Adams again blocked the release of video footage related to Pettaways' death.<a href="#cite_note-al-alabama-dog-17-dec-22-261">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_movement">International movement</h2></div> In 2015, after the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">death of Freddie Gray</a> in Baltimore, Maryland, black activists around the world modeled efforts for reform on Black Lives Matter and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-herbert-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> This international movement has been referred to as the "Black Spring".<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-common-264">[264]</a> Connections have also been forged with parallel international efforts such as the <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> rights movement.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg/330px-Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg/440px-Brisbane_Anti-Racism_Protest_-_6_June_2020_-_AndrewMercer_-_DSC05521.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9504" data-file-height="6336" /></a><figcaption>Protest in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, June 6, 2020</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ms_Dhu" title="Death of Ms Dhu">death of Ms Dhu</a> in police custody in August 2014, protests often made reference to the BLM movement.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> In July 2016, a BLM rally was organized in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia, which 3,500 people attended.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> The protest also emphasized the issues of mistreatment of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> by the Australian police and government.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> In May 2017, Black Lives Matter was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Peace_Prize" title="Sydney Peace Prize">Sydney Peace Prize</a>, which "honours a nominee who has promoted 'peace with justice', human rights and non-violence".<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> In early June 2020, soon after the George Floyd protests in the US, <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Australia" title="George Floyd protests in Australia">protests took place in Australia</a>, with many of them focusing on the local issue of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_deaths_in_custody" title="Aboriginal deaths in custody">Aboriginal deaths in custody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">racism in Australia</a> and other injustices faced by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> Cricketer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Holding" title="Michael Holding">Michael Holding</a> criticized Australia, as well as England, for refusing to take a knee in support of Black Lives Matter during cricket matches.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3></div> Blacks in Brazil suffer from economic marginalization, state violence, discrimination, and lower life-expectancy.<a href="#cite_note-:10-274">[274]</a> In June 2020, two Black children, 5-year-old Miguel Otávio Santana da Silva and 14-year-old João Pedro Matos Pinto, died in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-:10-274">[274]</a> Miguel Otávio Santana da Silva was under the watch of the white boss of his mother when he fell off the balcony of a building.<a href="#cite_note-:10-274">[274]</a> João Pedro Matos Pinto was shot in the back by police in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> during a raid where the police discharged seventy shots.<a href="#cite_note-:10-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> He was killed the same week as George Floyd.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Their deaths prompted protests in cities across the country.<a href="#cite_note-:10-274">[274]</a> The slogan "Black Lives Matter" was translated to "Vidas Negras Importam" in Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-:10-274">[274]</a> Protests continued throughout 2020 and were renewed at the end of the year after supermarket security guards <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jo%C3%A3o_Alberto_Silveira_Freitas" title="Killing of João Alberto Silveira Freitas">beat 40-year-old welder João Alberto Silveira Freitas to death</a> in <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter,_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_(49958359766).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_%2849958359766%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_%2849958359766%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_%2849958359766%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_%2849958359766%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_%2849958359766%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter%2C_Anti-racism_rally_at_Vancouver_Art_Gallery_%2849958359766%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Protest in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, May 31, 2020</figcaption></figure> In July 2015, BLM protesters shut down <a href="/wiki/Allen_Road" title="Allen Road">Allen Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, protesting the shooting deaths of two black men in the metropolitan area—Andrew Loku and Jermaine Carby—at the hands of police.<a href="#cite_note-adam-278">[278]</a> In September, BLM activists shut down streets in Toronto, citing police brutality and solidarity with "marginalized black lives" as reason for the shutdown. Black Lives Matter was a featured part of the <a href="/wiki/Take_Back_the_Night_(protest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Take Back the Night (protest)">Take Back the Night</a> event in Toronto.<a href="#cite_note-donato-279">[279]</a> In June 2016, Black Lives Matter was selected by <a href="/wiki/Pride_Toronto" title="Pride Toronto">Pride Toronto</a> as the honored group in that year's Pride parade, during which they staged a <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-in</a> to block the parade from moving forward for approximately half an hour.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> They issued several demands for Pride to adjust its relationship with <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> people of color, including stable funding and a suitable venue for the established <a href="/wiki/Pride_Toronto#Blockorama" title="Pride Toronto">Blockorama</a> event, improved diversity in the organization's staff and volunteer base, and that <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Toronto Police</a> officers be banned from marching in the parade in uniform.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Pride executive director <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Chantelois" title="Mathieu Chantelois">Mathieu Chantelois</a> signed BLM's statement of demand, but later asserted that he had signed it only to end the sit-in and get the parade moving, and had not agreed to honor the demands.<a href="#cite_note-cp24-282">[282]</a> In late August 2016, the Toronto chapter protested outside the <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigations_Unit_(Ontario)" title="Special Investigations Unit (Ontario)">Special Investigations Unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mississauga" title="Mississauga">Mississauga</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">death of Abdirahman Abdi</a>, who died during an arrest in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Killing_of_D%27Andre_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Killing of D'Andre Campbell (page does not exist)">killing of D'Andre Campbell</a> in Canada sparked BLM protests demanding the defunding of police services.<a href="#cite_note-:6-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> As of December 2020, there are five Canadian BLM chapters in Toronto, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo Region">Waterloo Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-284">[284]</a> The other focal point of the Black Lives Matter movement in Canada is addressing issues, racism and other injustices faced by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Canadians">Indigenous Canadians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_Denmark_demonstration_in_Christiansborg_Slotsplads.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration at <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Slotsplads" title="Christiansborg Slotsplads">Christiansborg Slotsplads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, June 7, 2020</figcaption></figure> In Denmark, an organization named Black Lives Matter Denmark was founded in 2016 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bwalya_S%C3%B8rensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bwalya Sørensen (page does not exist)">Bwalya Sørensen</a> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwalya_S%C3%B8rensen" class="extiw" title="da:Bwalya Sørensen">da</a>], a woman from <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> who came to Denmark when she was 19 years old. The organization is centered around Sørensen and mainly focuses on rejected asylum seekers and criminal foreigners, sentenced to expulsion from Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-:3-289">[289]</a> The connection to the U.S. organization is unclear, but Sørensen has said she was encouraged by someone in the U.S. to start a Danish chapter, and that she, in 2017, was visited by the U.S. co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Opal_Tometi" class="mw-redirect" title="Opal Tometi">Opal Tometi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-290">[290]</a> In June 2020, following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>, Black Lives Matter Denmark held a demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> that attracted 15,000 participants. Following the demonstration, the organization and Sørensen, in particular, received much criticism because rules separated people by ethnicity: at the demonstration, only black people could be in front, and white people were disallowed to participate in some chants.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Other controversies included Sørensen refusing to co-host a demonstration with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> because their employees were white,<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> and illegally raising money, while calling the missing fundraising permit peaceful "<a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>".<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> Sørensen herself has been criticized for splitting the movement with her confrontational style.<a href="#cite_note-:3-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> A new organization, named Afro Danish Collective, was announced in June 2020, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Matthisen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Matthisen (page does not exist)">Roger Matthisen</a> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Matthisen" class="extiw" title="da:Roger Matthisen">da</a>], former member of the <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Alternative_(Denmark)" title="The Alternative (Denmark)">The Alternative</a>, as spokesperson. The organization has similar goals as Black Lives Matter Denmark, but will take a more moderate approach, including not distinguishing between people at demonstrations based on their skin color.<a href="#cite_note-:4-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-290">[290]</a> Matthisen said Afro Danish Collective was in part established because the leadership of Black Lives Matter Denmark had not been professional enough.<a href="#cite_note-:4-296">[296]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg/220px-BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg/330px-BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg/440px-BlackLivesMatter_protest_Berlin_2020-05-30_65.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8368" data-file-height="5584" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter protest in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany, May 30, 2020</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3></div> On July 18, 2020, thousands of protesters marched near <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">death of Adama Traoré</a>. Traoré, a black man, was arrested in July 2016 and fainted after being pinned to the ground by police officers. He later died at a police station; the circumstances of his death are unclear.<a href="#cite_note-DW-2020-07-18-297">[297]</a> Racial tensions continued with <a href="/wiki/Nahel_Merzouk_riots" title="Nahel Merzouk riots">unrest in 2023</a> after the killing of teenager <a href="/wiki/Nahel_Merzouk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahel Merzouk">Nahel Merzouk</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> On June 6, 2020, tens of thousands of people gathered across Germany to support the Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> On July 18, 2020, more than 1,500 protesters participated in an anti-racism march in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> to condemn police brutality.<a href="#cite_note-DW-2020-07-18-297">[297]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC0223_(50045090466).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DSC0223_%2850045090466%29.jpg/220px-DSC0223_%2850045090466%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DSC0223_%2850045090466%29.jpg/330px-DSC0223_%2850045090466%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DSC0223_%2850045090466%29.jpg/440px-DSC0223_%2850045090466%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>Protest in <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>, June 21, 2020</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> In the wake of the murder of George Floyd, several demonstrations took place in Japan, including a 1,000-person demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> on June 7, 2020,<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> and a 3,500-person march through the streets of <a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harajuku" title="Harajuku">Harajuku</a> areas of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> on June 14, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> The movement has been met with some backlash in the country, notably on the internet,<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> where some users criticized tennis player <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Osaka" title="Naomi Osaka">Naomi Osaka</a> after she encouraged people to join a Black Lives Matter march in the city of Osaka.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg/170px-June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg/255px-June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg/340px-June_14_Auckland_Black_Lives_Matter_protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Black Lives Matter protest in <a href="/wiki/Aotea_Square" title="Aotea Square">Aotea Square</a>, Auckland, June 14, 2020</figcaption></figure> On June 1, 2020, several BLM <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="George Floyd protests in New Zealand">solidarity protests</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> were held in several New Zealand cities including <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> The Auckland event, which attracted between 2,000 and 4,000 participants, was organized by several members of New Zealand's African community. Auckland organizer Mahlete Tekeste, African American expatriate Kainee Simone, and sportsperson <a href="/wiki/Israel_Adesanya" title="Israel Adesanya">Israel Adesanya</a> compared racism, mass incarceration, and police violence against African Americans to the over-representation of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islanders</a> in New Zealand prisons, the controversial armed police response squad trials, and existing racism against minorities in New Zealand including the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a>. Hip hop artist and music producer <a href="/wiki/Mazbou_Q" title="Mazbou Q">Mazbou Q</a> also called on <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> to condemn violence against black Americans.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> The left-wing <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green Party</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Labour-led coalition government</a>, has also expressed support for the Black Lives Matter movement, linking the plight of African Americans to the racism, inequality, and higher incarceration rate experienced by the Māori and Pasifika communities. The BLM protests in New Zealand attracted criticism from <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand">Deputy Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a> for violating the country's <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">COVID-19 pandemic</a> social distancing regulations banning mass gatherings of over 100 people.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton,_England,_UK_-_49968982403.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton%2C_England%2C_UK_-_49968982403.jpg/220px-George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton%2C_England%2C_UK_-_49968982403.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton%2C_England%2C_UK_-_49968982403.jpg/330px-George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton%2C_England%2C_UK_-_49968982403.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton%2C_England%2C_UK_-_49968982403.jpg/440px-George_Floyd_Protest_Brighton%2C_England%2C_UK_-_49968982403.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4079" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Protest at <a href="/wiki/St_Nicholas_Church,_Brighton" title="St Nicholas Church, Brighton">St. Nicholas Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, June 3, 2020</figcaption></figure> Black Lives Matter emerged as a movement in the UK in the summer of 2016. Thousands attended protests against police racism in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> on July 11, and a group called Black Lives Matter UK (UKBLM) was set up in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">June 23 Brexit referendum</a> at a meeting addressed by US BLM activist Patrisse Cullors.<a href="#cite_note-Dray_2020-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pidd_2016-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grazia-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-gal-dem_2020-312">[312]</a> On August 4, 2016, BLM protesters blocked <a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">London City Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. Several demonstrators chained themselves together on the airport's runway.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Nine people were arrested in connection with the incident. There were also BLM-themed protests in other English cities including <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>. The UK-held protests marked the fifth anniversary of the shooting <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Mark_Duggan" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Mark Duggan">death of Mark Duggan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> In 2016, tabloid newspapers ran several stories seeking to expose and discredit BLM activists, leading the movement to adopt anonymity.<a href="#cite_note-gal-dem_2020-312">[312]</a> On June 25, 2017, BLM supporters protested in <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_London" title="Stratford, London">Stratford, London</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">death of Edson Da Costa</a>, who died in police custody. There were no arrests made at the protest.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vernon" title="Patrick Vernon">Patrick Vernon</a>, BLM's start in the UK in 2016 was not met with respect. From 2018 onwards, after events like the <a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire" title="Grenfell Tower fire">Grenfell Tower fire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Windrush_scandal" title="Windrush scandal">Windrush scandal</a>, the movement was viewed more favorably by black Britons, in particular senior black Britions.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> In December 2019, Black Lives Matter UK worked with the coalition <a href="/wiki/Wretched_of_the_Earth" title="Wretched of the Earth">Wretched of the Earth</a> to represent the voices of global <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> and people of color in the <a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">climate justice</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy,_London_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy%2C_London_03.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy%2C_London_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy%2C_London_03.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy%2C_London_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy%2C_London_03.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_at_US_Embassy%2C_London_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Protest outside the U.S. Embassy in London, June 7, 2020</figcaption></figure> In 2020, protests were held in support of the Black Lives Matter protests in the US. Following the murder of George Floyd, London protests took place in <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> on May 31, <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a> on June 3, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a> on June 6, and outside the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_London" title="Embassy of the United States, London">US Embassy</a> on June 7. Similar protests took place in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, Bristol, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> The UK protests not only showed solidarity with U.S. protesters, but also commemorated black people who have died in the UK, with protesters chanting, carrying signs, and sharing social media posts with names of victims including Julian Cole,<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belly_Mujinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Belly Mujinga">Belly Mujinga</a>,<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Nuno Cardoso,<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Reed_(prisoner)" title="Sarah Reed (prisoner)">Sarah Reed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg/170px-Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg/255px-Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg/340px-Edward_Colston_-_empty_pedestal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The empty pedestal of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_Colston" title="Statue of Edward Colston">statue of Edward Colston</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>. Subject to increasing controversy since the 1990s, when his prior reputation as a philanthropist came under scrutiny due to a growing awareness of his slave trading, in June 2020 the statue was toppled, defaced and pushed into <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Harbour" title="Bristol Harbour">Bristol Harbour</a>.</figcaption></figure> On June 7, protests continued in many towns and cities.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-325">[325]</a> During a Black Lives Matter protest in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, the city center <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_Colston" title="Statue of Edward Colston">statue of Edward Colston</a>, a late 17th early 18th-century philanthropist, politician and slave trader, was pulled down by protesters, rolled along the road and pushed into <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Harbour" title="Bristol Harbour">Bristol Harbour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> The act was later condemned by <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a> who said: "This hooliganism is utterly indefensible."<a href="#cite_note-auto1-327">[327]</a> In London, after it was defaced a few days earlier,<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> protesters defaced the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square">statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a> with graffiti for a second time. Black spray paint was sprayed over his name and the words "<a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Racial views of Winston Churchill">was a racist</a>" were sprayed underneath.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-327">[327]</a> A protester also attempted to burn the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> flag flying at the <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">Cenotaph</a>, a memorial to Britain's war dead.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> Later in the evening violence broke out between protesters and police. A total of 49 police officers were injured after demonstrators threw bottles and fireworks at them.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Over the weekend, a total of 135 arrests were made by police.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-325">[325]</a> British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> commented on the events, saying "those who attack public property or the police – who injure the police officers who are trying to keep us all safe – those people will face the full force of the law; not just because of the hurt and damage they are causing, but because of the damage they are doing to the cause they claim to represent."<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Peaceful protests took place in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>' <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Square,_Leeds" title="Millennium Square, Leeds">Millennium Square</a> on June 14, 2020<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> organized by a coalition of organizations: Black Voices Matter', which included Black Lives Matter Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> A second protest was held on <a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_Moor" title="Woodhouse Moor">Woodhouse Moor</a> on June 21, organized by Black Lives Matter Leeds.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> On June 28, Black Lives Matter UK faced criticism for making a series of tweets from their verified Twitter account regarding Israel, including one that claims "mainstream British politics is gagged of the right to critique Zionism".<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>, who were carrying the Black Lives Matter logo on their football shirts for the rest of the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Premier_League" title="2019–20 Premier League">2019–20 season</a>, subsequently said that attempts by groups to hijack the cause to suit their own political ends are entirely unwelcome.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> After receiving considerable donations in summer 2020, Black Lives Matter UK formalised its organisation.<a href="#cite_note-gal-dem_2020-312">[312]</a> In September 2020, the group changed its official name to Black Liberation Movement UK and became legally registered as a community benefit society.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> However, the group still uses the Black Lives Matter name in its global cooperative efforts.<a href="#cite_note-JonesTele-338">[338]</a> In January 2021, the Black Liberation Movement began to distribute its funds to grassroots black-led and anti-racist organisations across the UK.<a href="#cite_note-Mohdin_2021-339">[339]</a> Activists from a different BLM group, Charles Gordon<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Taking_The_Initiative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Taking The Initiative Party">Taking The Initiative Party</a> (TTIP) in the summer of 2020 had applied to register as a political party through the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral Commission">Electoral Commission</a>; however, BLM UK said "BLM UK has no intention to set up a political party. This person or group is not affiliated with us."<a href="#cite_note-JonesTele-338">[338]</a> In September 2021, British businessman and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Ken_Olisa" title="Ken Olisa">Ken Olisa</a> revealed to <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> that <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> are supporters of Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> In response, a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter UK said "We were surprised to learn the Queen is a BLM supporter. But we welcome anyone that agrees with our goal of dismantling white supremacy. Of course, actions speak louder than words. The Queen sits on a throne made from colonial plunder. Until she gives back all the stolen gold and diamonds from the Commonwealth and pays reparations, these are nothing more than warm words."<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> In October 2021, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> reported that a covert police unit in South Wales attempted to recruit a Black Lives Matter protester to be an informant and supply further information about far-right activists who had marched in support of Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> In February 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a> chapter of BLM announced it would be closing due to "attempted recruitment by the police and threats to its members' physical and mental safety from far-right activists".<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> In July 2024, the Black Lives Matter UK Festival of Collective Liberation took place at <a href="/wiki/Friends_House" title="Friends House">Friends House</a>, London, attended by more than 600 activists and supporters.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016_United_States_presidential_election">2016 United States presidential election</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_Machine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bern_Machine.jpg/220px-Bern_Machine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bern_Machine.jpg/330px-Bern_Machine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bern_Machine.jpg/440px-Bern_Machine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8688" data-file-height="5792" /></a><figcaption>Vehicle with a BLM sticker, September 18, 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primaries">Primaries</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Democrats">Democrats</h4></div> At the <a href="/wiki/Netroots_Nation#2015" title="Netroots Nation">Netroots Nation Conference</a> in July 2015, dozens of Black Lives Matter activists took over the stage at an event featuring <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>. Activists, including Black Lives Matter co-founder Patrisse Cullors, asked both candidates for specific policy proposals to address deaths in police custody.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera_netroots-348">[348]</a> The protesters chanted several slogans, including "if I die in police custody, burn everything down" and "Shut this crap down".<a href="#cite_note-cnn.omalley-349">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> The expression "Shut it down" would go on to become a popular phrase in Black Lives Matter protests and on social media.<a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> After conference organizers pleaded with the protesters for several minutes, O'Malley responded by pledging to release a wide-ranging plan for criminal justice reform. Protesters later booed O'Malley when he stated "Black lives matter. White lives matter. All lives matter."<a href="#cite_note-cnn.omalley-349">[349]</a> O'Malley later apologized for his remarks, saying that he did not mean to disrespect the black community.<a href="#cite_note-cnn.omalley-349">[349]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_(20439394705).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_%2820439394705%29.jpg/220px-Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_%2820439394705%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_%2820439394705%29.jpg/330px-Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_%2820439394705%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_%2820439394705%29.jpg/440px-Bernie_Sanders_and_Black_Lives_Matter_activists_%2820439394705%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4926" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> and Black Lives Matter activists in <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Park_(Seattle)" title="Westlake Park (Seattle)">Westlake Park</a>, Seattle, August 8, 2015</figcaption></figure> On August 8, 2015, a speech by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential candidate and civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> was disrupted by a group who would go on to found the Seattle Chapter of Black Lives Matter including chapter co-founder <a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> who walked onstage, seized the microphone from him and called his supporters racists and white supremacists.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> Sanders issued a platform in response.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> Nikki Stephens, the operator of a Facebook page called "Black Lives Matter: Seattle" issued an apology to Sanders' supporters, claiming these actions did not represent her understanding of BLM. She was then sent messages by members of the Seattle Chapter which she described as threatening and was forced to change the name of her group to "Black in Seattle". The founders of Black Lives Matter stated that they had not issued an apology.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> In August 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> passed a resolution supporting Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-seitz-356">[356]</a> In the first Democratic primary debate, the presidential candidates were asked whether black lives matter or all lives matter.<a href="#cite_note-reena-357">[357]</a> In reply, Bernie Sanders stated, "Black lives matter."<a href="#cite_note-reena-357">[357]</a> Martin O'Malley said, "Black lives matter," and that the "movement is making is a very, very legitimate and serious point, and that is that as a nation we have undervalued the lives of black lives, people of color."<a href="#cite_note-carimah-358">[358]</a> In response, Hillary Clinton pushed for criminal justice reform, and said, "We need a new New Deal for communities of color."<a href="#cite_note-vega-359">[359]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a>, on the other hand, replied: "As the president of the United States, every life in this country matters."<a href="#cite_note-reena-357">[357]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> was not directly asked the same question, but was instead asked: "What would you do for African Americans in this country that President Obama couldn't?"<a href="#cite_note-res-360">[360]</a> Clinton had already met with Black Lives Matter representatives, and emphasized what she described as a more pragmatic approach to enacting change, stating "Look, I don't believe you change hearts. I believe you change laws". Without policy change, she felt "we'll be back here in 10 years having the same conversation."<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> In June 2015, Clinton used the phrase "all lives matter" in a speech about the opportunities of young people of color, prompting backlash that she may misunderstand the message of "Black Lives Matter."<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> A week after the first Democratic primary debate was held in Las Vegas, BLM launched a petition targeted at the DNC and its chairwoman <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Debbie Wasserman Schultz</a> demanding more debates, and "specifically for a #BlackLivesMatter themed Presidential debate."<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> The petition received over 10,000 signatures within 24 hours of being launched,<a href="#cite_note-lkk-366">[366]</a> and had over 33,000 signatures as of October 27, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> The DNC said that it would permit presidential candidates to attend a presidential town hall organized by activists, but that it would not add another debate to its official schedule.<a href="#cite_note-jk-368">[368]</a> In response, the organization released a press statement on its Facebook page stating that "[i]n consultation with our chapters, our communities, allies, and supporters, we remain unequivocal that a Presidential Town Hall with support from the DNC does not sufficiently respond to the concerns raised by our members", continuing to demand a full additional debate.<a href="#cite_note-lkk-366">[366]</a> After the first debate, in October 2015, a speech by Hillary Clinton on criminal justice reform and race at <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_University_Center" title="Atlanta University Center">Atlanta University Center</a> was interrupted by BLM activists.<a href="#cite_note-merica-369">[369]</a> In February 2016, two Black Lives Matter activists protested at a private fundraiser for Clinton about statements she made in 1996 in which she referred to young people as "super-predators". One of the activists wanted Clinton to apologize for "mass incarceration" in connection with her support for her husband, then-President Bill Clinton's <a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">1994 criminal reform law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republicans">Republicans</h4></div> Republican candidates have been mostly critical of BLM. In August 2015, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a>, the only African American vying for the Republican nomination for the presidency, called the movement "silly".<a href="#cite_note-lerner-371">[371]</a> Carson also said that BLM should care for all black lives, not just a few.<a href="#cite_note-vanessa-372">[372]</a> In the first Republican presidential debate, which took place in Cleveland, one question referenced Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-alice-373">[373]</a> In response to the question, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a> advocated for the proper training of law enforcement<a href="#cite_note-alice-373">[373]</a> and blamed the movement for rising anti-police sentiment,<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> was the first candidate to publicly sympathize with the movement's point of view.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> In August 2015, activists chanting "Black Lives Matter" interrupted the Las Vegas rally of Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> As Bush exited early, some of his supporters started responding to the protesters by chanting "white lives matter" or "all lives matter".<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> Several conservative pundits have labeled the movement a "hate group".<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> Candidate <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, the New Jersey Governor, criticized <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">President Obama</a> for supporting BLM, stating that the movement calls for the murder of police officers.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-379">[379]</a> Christie's statement was condemned by New Jersey chapters of the NAACP and ACLU.<a href="#cite_note-akner-380">[380]</a> BLM activists also called on the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> to have a presidential debate focused on issues of racial justice.<a href="#cite_note-geraghty-381">[381]</a> The RNC, however, declined to alter their debate schedule, and instead also supported a townhall or forum.<a href="#cite_note-jk-368">[368]</a> In November 2015, a BLM protester was physically assaulted at a <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> rally in Birmingham, Alabama. In response, Trump said, "maybe he should have been roughed up because it was absolutely disgusting what he was doing."<a href="#cite_note-diamond-382">[382]</a> Trump had previously threatened to fight any Black Lives Matter protesters if they attempted to speak at one of his events.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/220px--Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="674" data-mwtitle="Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC,_beginning_of_day,_March_19,_2016,_part_3_of_3.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC,_beginning_of_day,_March_19,_2016,_part_3_of_3.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm/Anti-Trump_protest_in_NYC%2C_beginning_of_day%2C_March_19%2C_2016%2C_part_3_of_3.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Anti-Trump protest in New York City, March 19, 2016</figcaption></figure> In March 2016, Black Lives Matter helped organize the <a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a> that forced Trump to cancel the event.<a href="#cite_note-Participan-384">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-CassidyProtestMovement-385">[385]</a> Four individuals were arrested and charged in the incident; two were "charged with felony aggravated battery to a police officer and resisting arrest", one was "charged with two misdemeanor counts of resisting and obstructing a peace officer", and the fourth "was charged with one misdemeanor count of resisting and obstructing a peace officer".<a href="#cite_note-RhodesArrests-386">[386]</a> A <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> reporter was one of those arrested outside the rally. He was charged with resisting arrest.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_election">General election</h3></div> A group called <a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a>, which includes the mothers of Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, Eric Garner, and other mothers whose "unarmed African American children have been killed by law enforcement or due to gun violence,"<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> addressed the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a> on July 26.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> Commenting on the first of <a href="/wiki/2016_presidential_debates" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 presidential debates">2016 presidential debates</a> between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, some media outlets characterized Clinton's references to implicit bias and systemic racism<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> as speaking "the language of the Black Lives Matter movement,"<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> while others pointed out neither Clinton nor Trump used the words "Black Lives Matter."<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> In a Washington Post op-ed, DeRay Mckesson endorsed Hillary Clinton, because her "platform on racial justice is strong". He articulated that voting alone is not the only way to bring about "transformational change". He said that "I voted my entire life, and I was still tear-gassed in the streets of St. Louis and Baltimore. I voted my entire life, and those votes did not convict the killers of Sandra Bland, Freddie Gray or Michael Brown".<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2024_United_States_presidential_election">2024 United States presidential election</h2></div> In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter</a> released a statement opposing the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party's</a> decision to nominate <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Kamala Harris</a> for president without a primary election, describing the process as "anointing" Harris as the nominee without a public vote.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-397">[397]</a> The organization argued that installing Harris as the Democratic nominee without a primary vote undermined <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic principles</a>, stating that such a move "would make the modern Democratic Party a party of hypocrites."<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a> BLM called on the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> to host a virtual primary to allow voter participation in the nomination process.<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> BLM's stance sparked discussions about transparency and democratic engagement within the Democratic Party ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2024_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:15-397">[397]</a> The organization reiterated its call for a more open process, expressing concerns about the potential lack of representation and accountability in the nomination procedure.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_and_legacy">Reactions and legacy</h2></div> The United States population's perception of Black Lives Matter has varied consistently and considerably by race and political affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-:9-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-PBS-Marist-402">[402]</a> A majority of Americans disapproved of the movement through 2018, after which it started gaining wider support. Black Lives Matter's popularity surged and reached its highest levels yet in the summer of 2020, when a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll found that 60% of white, 77% of Hispanic, 75% of Asian and 86% of African-Americans either strongly supported or somewhat supported BLM.<a href="#cite_note-pew-19">[19]</a> However, its popularity had declined considerably in September of the same year, when another Pew Research Center poll showed that its overall approval ratings among all American adults had gone down by 12 percentage points to 55%, and that 45% of whites, 66% of Hispanics and 69% of Asians now approved of it.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_2020-403">[403]</a> Support remained widespread among black-American adults at 87%.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_2020-403">[403]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>-<a href="/wiki/Morning_Consult" title="Morning Consult">Morning Consult</a> poll done in September 2020 as well as a <a href="/wiki/Civiqs" title="Civiqs">Civiqs</a> poll conducted in November 2021 had also found declining support for the movement.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a> A 2022 YouGov poll found declining support for BLM among African-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-:12-20">[20]</a> An April 2023 Pew Research Center poll found that only 51% of Americans supported the BLM movement, while 46% opposed the movement. In the same poll, 81% of African Americans said they still supported the movement.<a href="#cite_note-:11-18">[18]</a> The phrase "<a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a>" sprang up as a response to the Black Lives Matter movement, but has been criticized for dismissing or misunderstanding the message of "Black Lives Matter".<a href="#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-406">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-sing-407">[407]</a> Following the shooting of two police officers in Ferguson, the hashtag Blue Lives Matter was created by supporters of the police.<a href="#cite_note-police-408">[408]</a> A few civil rights leaders have disagreed with tactics used by Black Lives Matter activists.<a href="#cite_note-angel2-409">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-410">[410]</a> Public and academic debate at large has arisen over the structure and tactics used.<a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-25">[25]</a> While the vast majority of Democrats have voiced support for Black Lives Matter, few Republicans have done the same. President Donald Trump has been a vocal critic of Black Lives Matter, citing incidents of violence and looting at some Black Lives Matter protests. He has also used the protests as a means to promote <a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">law and order</a> rhetoric and appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_resentment" title="Politics of resentment">grievances of some white people</a>. Joe Biden, who ran against Trump in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 U.S. presidential election</a>, supported Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-:9-401">[401]</a> In the weeks following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>, many corporations came out in support of the movement, donating and enacting policy changes in accordance with the group's ethos.<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""All_Lives_Matter"">"All Lives Matter"</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_(31797745824).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg/220px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg/330px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg/440px-Rally_Against_the_Immigration_Ban_%2831797745824%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4841" data-file-height="3229" /></a><figcaption>"What happened to 'All Lives Matter'?" sign at a <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protest against Donald Trump</a>, January 29, 2017</figcaption></figure> The phrase "<a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a>" sprang up as a response to the Black Lives Matter movement, shortly after the movement gained national attention.<a href="#cite_note-sing-407">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> Several notable individuals have supported All Lives Matter. Its proponents include Senator <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a>.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> cornerback <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sherman_(American_football)" title="Richard Sherman (American football)">Richard Sherman</a> supports the All Lives Matter message, saying "I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings."<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a> According to an August 2015 telephone poll, 78% of likely American voters said that the statement "all lives matter" was closest to their own personal views when compared to "black lives matter" or neither. Only 11% said that the statement "black lives matter" was closest. Nine percent said that neither statement reflected their own personal point of view.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> According to professor <a href="/wiki/David_Theo_Goldberg" title="David Theo Goldberg">David Theo Goldberg</a>, "All Lives Matter" reflects a view of "racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial".<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> Professor Charles "Chip" Linscott said that "All Lives Matter" promotes the "erasure of structural anti-black racism and black social death in the name of formal and ideological equality and post-racial colorblindness".<a href="#cite_note-ALDM-130">[130]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 23em; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chainsawsuit.krisstraub.com/20160707.shtml">"All Houses Matter"</a>, Chainsawsuit, <a href="/wiki/Kris_Straub" title="Kris Straub">Kris Straub</a>, July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see "All Lives Matter" as problematic.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday2016-07-13-406">[406]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Co-founder Alicia Garza has responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, writing, "#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a>, are important to your liberation."<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> President Barack Obama spoke about the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-CBS-418">[418]</a> Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African American community that's not happening in other communities." He also said "that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address."<a href="#cite_note-tactics-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Blue_Lives_Matter"">"Blue Lives Matter"</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></div> Blue Lives Matter is a countermovement in the United States supporting law enforcement officers and advocating that those who are prosecuted and convicted of <a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_officers_killed_in_the_line_of_duty_in_the_United_States" title="List of law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty in the United States">killing law enforcement officers</a> should be sentenced under <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> statutes.<a href="#cite_note-:9-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> It was started in response to Black Lives Matter after <a href="/wiki/2014_killings_of_NYPD_officers" title="2014 killings of NYPD officers">the homicides of NYPD officers Rafael Ramos and Wenjian Liu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a> on December 20, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-DempseyForst2018-420">[420]</a> Following the shooting of two police officers in Ferguson and in response to BLM, the hashtag <a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">#BlueLivesMatter</a> was created by supporters of the police.<a href="#cite_note-police-408">[408]</a> Following this, Blue Lives Matter became a pro-police officer movement in the United States, expanding after the <a href="/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers" title="2016 shooting of Dallas police officers">killings of five police officers</a> by a sniper in Dallas, Texas, who cited police shootings of Black people as his motive.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> Criticized by the ACLU and others, the movement inspired a state law in Louisiana that made it a hate crime to target police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service personnel.<a href="#cite_note-huffPoLou-424">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a> The movement has been strongly criticized after the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a> after pro-Trump rioters were seen showing support for the movement, with some bringing Blue Lives Matter flags to the protest. Many have called the movement hypocritical, as people in the mob assaulted Capitol police officers. One African American Capitol police officer, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Dunn_(police_officer)" title="Harry Dunn (police officer)">Harry Dunn</a>, described being beaten with a Blue Lives Matter flag while rioters shouted racial slurs at him.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a> This has led some to argue that Blue Lives Matter is more about suppressing minorities than supporting law enforcement.<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""White_Lives_Matter"">"White Lives Matter"</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></div> <a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a> is an activist group created in response to Black Lives Matter. In August 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> added "White Lives Matter" to <a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups">its list of hate groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> The group has also been active in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> The "White Lives Matter" slogan was chanted by torch-wielding alt-right protesters during the <a href="/wiki/2017_Unite_the_Right_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Unite the Right rally">2017 Unite the Right rally</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a>. On October 28, 2017, numerous "White Lives Matter" rallies broke out in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>. Dominated in <a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Tennessee" title="Shelbyville, Tennessee">Shelbyville</a> particularly, protesters justified their movement in response to the increasing number of immigrants and refugees to <a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> "White Lives Matter" movements have also been present in European football, with instances of corresponding banners being raised at stadiums in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> White Lives Matter has also been promoted by <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-401">[401]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disinformation">Disinformation</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> reports numerous attempts to spread disinformation about BLM, citing as examples mid-June 2020 posts "featuring a sticker instructing people to 'kill a white on sight' spread on Facebook and Twitter. The sticker included the hashtags #BlackLivesMatter and #Antifa." On <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>, a "white supremacist channel encouraged members to distribute the propaganda."<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> Another disinformation campaign, originating in June 2020 on <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, had the "goal of getting the hashtags #AllWhitesAreNazis (#AWAN) trending on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. Organizers hoped to commandeer hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #BLM with a high volume of tweets—purportedly from Black activist accounts—containing the #AWAN hashtag." According to the ADL, the campaign's supporters hoped to sow tension and promote white supremacist <a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">accelerationism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> Conservative pundits such as <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Fournier" title="Ryan Fournier">Ryan Fournier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Candace Owens</a> have falsely claimed that <a href="/wiki/ActBlue" title="ActBlue">ActBlue</a> funnels donations intended for Black Lives Matter to Democratic candidates, with some going so far as to allege the organization is a <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> scam.<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> According to scholars, Russian operatives associated with the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a> have engaged in <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">a sustained campaign</a> to simultaneously promote the Black Lives Matter movement as well as to oppose it. In some cases, Russian operatives encouraged antagonism and violence toward BLM members.<a href="#cite_note-acev-442">[442]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fake_manifesto">Fake manifesto</h4></div> In June 2020, an unknown party created a website at BLMManifesto.com purporting to be the manifesto of the BLM movement. The text mimics a 1919 Italian <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Manifesto" title="Fascist Manifesto">Fascist Manifesto</a>, modified to relate to racial injustice. According to <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a>, the website appears intended to discredit the BLM movement.<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistics">Statistics</h3></div> The United States population's perception of Black Lives Matter varies considerably by race. According to a September 2015 poll on race relations, nearly two-thirds of African Americans mostly agree with Black Lives Matter, while 30% of black Americans and 37% of white Americans do not have an opinion about Black Lives Matter.<a href="#cite_note-PBS-Marist-402">[402]</a> Of white people surveyed, 41% thought that Black Lives Matter advocated violence, and 59% of whites thought that Black Lives Matter distracted attention from the real issues of racial discrimination. By comparison, 82% of black people polled thought that Black Lives Matter was a nonviolent movement, and 26% of blacks thought that Black Lives Matter distracted attention from the real issues of racial discrimination. On the question of whether "Black Lives Matter" was mostly a movement or mostly a slogan, 46% of whites and 67% of blacks thought that it is mostly a movement.<a href="#cite_note-PBS-Marist-402">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a> A nationally representative internet survey conducted by the Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy at Northwestern University found that 82 percent of African Americans believe that the movement is at least moderately effective at achieving its stated goals, although 64 percent of the respondents believed that the movement would be more effective if it had a more centralized leadership structure.<a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-25">[25]</a> A poll in June 2016 found that 65% of black American adults supported Black Lives Matter and 40% of white American adults support it. Fifty-nine percent of black Americans thought that Black Lives Matter would "be effective, in the long run, in helping blacks achieve equality" and 34% of white Americans thought so.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> A 2017 Harvard-Harris survey found that 35% of whites and 83% of blacks have a favorable view of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a> According to an analysis by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> of statistics collected by the US Crisis Monitor, during most of 2020 "US law enforcement agencies have used teargas, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and beatings at a much higher percentage at Black Lives Matter demonstrations than at pro-Trump or other rightwing protests",<a href="#cite_note-USCM_2020-448">[448]</a> regardless of whether the protest was violent or peaceful. The analysis also notes that "the vast majority of the thousands of protests across the United States in the past year have been peaceful, and [...] most protests by both the left and the right were not met with any violent response by law enforcement."<a href="#cite_note-USCM_2020-448">[448]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_2">2020</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BLM_IMG_7663_(50095618132).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BLM_IMG_7663_%2850095618132%29.jpg/220px-BLM_IMG_7663_%2850095618132%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BLM_IMG_7663_%2850095618132%29.jpg/330px-BLM_IMG_7663_%2850095618132%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BLM_IMG_7663_%2850095618132%29.jpg/440px-BLM_IMG_7663_%2850095618132%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1265" /></a><figcaption>A BLM protest in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, July 2020</figcaption></figure> With the resurgence of Black Lives Matter in national headlines amid global protests, the movement saw an increase in support in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-450">[450]</a> Although they began from different perspectives, as per the New York Times' <a href="/wiki/The_Upshot" title="The Upshot">The Upshot</a>, "all kinds of voters moved sharply in the direction of supporting the movement" just within the two weeks between late May and early June "as much as [they] had in the preceding two years."<a href="#cite_note-:2-450">[450]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> reported that "[m]ost Americans express[ed] support for the Black Lives Matter movement" during this period.<a href="#cite_note-451">[451]</a> According to Terrance Woodbury, a researcher of attitudes among young adults, "[the] movement has evolved from Black people vs. the police to young people vs. racism."<a href="#cite_note-452">[452]</a> An online survey of people aged from 18 to 34 by the <a href="/wiki/Global_Strategy_Group" title="Global Strategy Group">Global Strategy Group</a> found broad support from the participants, except by those who identified as pro-<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-453">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a> Opal Tometi theorizes that increased support was the result of economic anxiety and contempt for the American government's handling of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-455">[455]</a> Protests led by Black Lives Matter throughout the summer eventually developed into one of the larger movements in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-Hart-456">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> However, the movement's momentum and popularity began to decline, with a Pew Research Center poll showing that support for Black Lives Matter had fallen by 12 percentage points to 55% of all American adults by September, and had returned to a net negative approval rating among white Americans as well as significantly declining in popularity among Hispanic Americans.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_2020-403">[403]</a> Support remained widespread among black American adults (up 1% from June to 87%).<a href="#cite_note-Pew_2020-403">[403]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_Peace_Prize_nomination">Nobel Peace Prize nomination</h3></div> Black Lives Matter was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in January 2021. The nomination was submitted by Norwegian activist and Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Petter_Eide" title="Petter Eide">Petter Eide</a>. The award eventually went to journalists <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology">Ideology</h3></div> Some conservatives, such as Mike Gonzalez of <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-459">[459]</a> have accused Black Lives Matter of being a <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> movement based on a comment by one of its co-founders saying that she and another co-founder "are trained Marxists." However, <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a> noted that "Black Lives Matter has grown into a national anti-racism movement broadly supported by Americans, few of whom would identify themselves as Marxist."<a href="#cite_note-460">[460]</a> Cultural critic <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_deBoer" title="Fredrik deBoer">Fredrik deBoer</a> placed blame on "idea-generating" individuals and institutions for the perceived failures of BLM as a social movement.<a href="#cite_note-461">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-462">[462]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactics">Tactics</h3></div> Some black civil rights leaders such as Cecil "Chip" Murray, Najee Ali, and <a href="/wiki/Earl_Ofari_Hutchinson" title="Earl Ofari Hutchinson">Earl Ofari Hutchinson</a> have criticized BLM as disrespectful and ineffective, with Ali claiming "all they can do is disrupt and make noise."<a href="#cite_note-angel2-409">[409]</a> Economist <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Glenn Loury</a>, while supportive of the fundamentals of the movement, has criticized backlash against "White politicians who state All Lives Matter" and the apparent polarizing effects of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-clayton-24">[24]</a> In his 2018 book <a href="/wiki/The_Once_and_Future_Liberal" title="The Once and Future Liberal">The Once and Future Liberal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lilla" title="Mark Lilla">Mark Lilla</a> criticizes Black Lives Matter as part of his broader left-wing critique of <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a>. Though he agreed with their aims, he called their rhetoric "a textbook example in how to not build solidarity", arguing that the campaign alienates people with their negative attitude toward American society and law enforcement and with their overbearing tactics. He also compared them unfavorably to the civil rights movement leaders, who were "consciously appealing to what we share" instead of emphasizing differences of race and other identities.<a href="#cite_note-463">[463]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-464">[464]</a> Lilla has in turn been criticized for "trolling disguised as erudition" and of "making white supremacy respectable, again".<a href="#cite_note-:14-464">[464]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_freedom">Academic freedom</h3></div> Some academics, including <a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McWhorter_2020-465">[465]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_(physicist,_born_1946)" title="John Ellis (physicist, born 1946)">John Ellis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ellis_2020_p.-466">[466]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marybeth_Gasman" title="Marybeth Gasman">Marybeth Gasman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-467">[467]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Glenn Loury</a><a href="#cite_note-468">[468]</a> have criticized some Black Lives Matter activists as silencing speech and repressing academic freedom.<a href="#cite_note-Harris_2020-469">[469]</a> They claim that the result is self-censorship, reduced academic inquiry, and research bias.<a href="#cite_note-Scholars_at_Harvard-470">[470]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chotiner-471">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harris_2020-469">[469]</a> Critics claim academics have been hesitant to speak out against repression for fear of retribution.<a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman_2020-472">[472]</a><a href="#cite_note-McGowan_p.-473">[473]</a><a href="#cite_note-McWhorter_2020-465">[465]</a> In particular, high-profile academics have spoken out against the use of "diversity statements" in admission, hiring, and tenure decisions, including <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Flier" title="Jeffrey Flier">Jeffrey Flier</a>, Dean of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CHE_2019-474">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-Inside_Higher_Ed_2018-475">[475]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thompson" title="Abigail Thompson">Abigail Thompson</a>, Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a>. Thompson drew comparisons to <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthy-era loyalty oaths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-476">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman_2020_academic_freedom-477">[477]</a> When schools receive state funding, scholars have criticized Black Lives Matter pledges as unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-Blackman_2020-478">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_law_enforcement">Views on law enforcement</h3></div> Some critics accuse Black Lives Matter of being <a href="/wiki/Anti-police_sentiment" title="Anti-police sentiment">anti-police</a> and endorsing violence against the police.<a href="#cite_note-:9-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[479]</a> Sgt. Demetrick Pennie of the Dallas Police Department filed an unsuccessful lawsuit against Black Lives Matter in September 2016, which accused the group of inciting a "<a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">race war</a>."<a href="#cite_note-480">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-481">[481]</a> Marchers using a BLM banner were recorded in a video chanting, "Pigs in a blanket, fry 'em like bacon" at the Minnesota State Fair. Law enforcement groups claim the chant promotes death to police. The protest organizer disputed that interpretation, saying: "What we are promoting is that if black people who kill police officers are going to fry, then we want police officers to face the same treatment that we face as civilians for killing officers."<a href="#cite_note-482">[482]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_45.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_45.png/220px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_45.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_45.png/330px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_45.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_45.png/440px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_45.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Ferguson, Missouri, August 17, 2014</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disconnect_from_underprivileged_communities">Disconnect from underprivileged communities</h3></div> Some black community leaders have come out against the movement as disconnected from the people it claims to represent.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2020-483">[483]</a> In opposing August 2020 budget cuts, New York City Councilman <a href="/wiki/I._Daneek_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="I. Daneek Miller">I. Daneek Miller</a>, co-chairman of the council's Black, Latino and Asian Caucus opposed reducing police funding and stated, "Black folks want to be safe like everyone else...we can't allow folks from outside our community to lecture us about Black lives."<a href="#cite_note-484">[484]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Gibson" title="Vanessa Gibson">Vanessa Gibson</a> of the Bronx's 16th Council District stated that, "My working-class people, my homeowners, my tenants, my neighbors—they are not out there screaming and yelling, because they have to work."<a href="#cite_note-Cuza_2020-485">[485]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ras_Baraka" title="Ras Baraka">Ras Baraka</a> of Newark, New Jersey, called "defund the police" a "bourgeois liberal" solution to racism.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2020-483">[483]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insufficient_focus_on_women">Insufficient focus on women</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></div> Women from within the Black Lives Matter movement, including professor and civil rights advocate Treva B. Lindsey, have argued that BLM has sidelined black women's experiences in favor of black men's experiences. For example, more demonstrations have been organized to protest the killings of Michael Brown and <a href="/wiki/Trayvon_Martin" title="Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a> than the killings of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a>, Kayla Moore or <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lindsey-486">[486]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Say_Her_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="Say Her Name">Say Her Name</a> was founded to focus specifically on the killing of black women by police and to bring their names into the Black Lives Matter protest. Their stated goal is to offer a more complete, but not competing, narrative with the overall Black Lives Matter movement.<a href="#cite_note-487">[487]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crenshaw-488">[488]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mismanagement_of_funds">Mismanagement of funds</h3></div> Allegations of mismanagement of funds by the organization <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a> were raised after funds were used to purchase a home that cost $6 million in southern California to be used as a facility for a Black artists fellowship.<a href="#cite_note-489">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-490">[490]</a> The property included six bedrooms, a recording studio, and a swimming pool.<a href="#cite_note-:13-490">[490]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lack_of_focus_on_unsolved_murders_and_missing_persons_cases">Lack of focus on unsolved murders and missing persons cases</h3></div> Since its founding, the Black Lives Matter movement has faced significant criticism for its inherent lack of focus on unsolved murders and <a href="/wiki/Missing_person" title="Missing person">missing persons</a> cases. For example, some researchers have confirmed that murders of Black victims disproportionately go unsolved.<a href="#cite_note-491">[491]</a> According to FBI statistics, 40% of missing persons across the US are people of color. Kyle Pope, an editor and researcher of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a>, noticed a lack of media attention when it comes to these crimes.<a href="#cite_note-492">[492]</a> In 2008, Derrica and Natalie Wilson launched the Black and Missing Foundation, a non-profit to find unsolved Black murder victims across the country. In a 2021 interview, they found that unsolved murders of Black people have been disproportionately overlooked by both law enforcement and national media outlets.<a href="#cite_note-493">[493]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Search/intitle:%22Black_Lives_Matter%22" title="Special:Search/intitle:"Black Lives Matter"">All pages with titles containing Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">2020 American athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-escalation#United_States" title="De-escalation">De-escalation § United States</a></li> <li>The Hate U Give (<a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">novel</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.R._40_-_Commission_to_Study_and_Develop_Reparation_Proposals_for_African-Americans_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="H.R. 40 - Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act">H.R. 40 - Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of protests in the United States">List of protests in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_King" title="Rodney King">Rodney King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Asian_Hate" title="Stop Asian Hate">Stop Asian Hate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_AAPI_Hate" title="Stop AAPI Hate">Stop AAPI Hate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9colonisation_de_l%27espace_public" class="extiw" title="fr:Décolonisation de l'espace public">Décolonisation de l'espace public (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxit" title="Blaxit">Blaxit</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Smith_2021-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2021_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2021_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2021_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2021_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Robert (2021). 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Retrieved October 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Black+Lives+Matter+leaders+condemn+allegations+of+mismanaged+funds&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Char&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnbcblk%2Fblack-lives-matter-leaders-condemn-allegations-mismanaged-funds-rcna23882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-490">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_490-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_490-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-race-ethnicity-philanthropy-black-lives-matter-5bc4772e029da522036f8ad2a02990aa">"AP Exclusive: Black Lives Matter has $42 million in assets"</a>. AP News. May 17, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2023. <q>The tax filing shows that nearly $6 million was spent on a Los Angeles-area compound. The Studio City property, which includes a home with six bedrooms and bathrooms, a swimming pool, a soundstage and office space, was intended as a campus for a Black artists fellowship and is currently used for that purpose, the board member said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=AP+Exclusive%3A+Black+Lives+Matter+has+%2442+million+in+assets&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgovernment-and-politics-race-ethnicity-philanthropy-black-lives-matter-5bc4772e029da522036f8ad2a02990aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-491"><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedersdorf2021" class="citation web cs1">Friedersdorf, Conor (August 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/08/instead-of-defund-the-police-solve-all-murders/619672/">"Criminal-Justice Reformers Chose the Wrong Slogan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Criminal-Justice+Reformers+Chose+the+Wrong+Slogan&rft.date=2021-08-08&rft.aulast=Friedersdorf&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2021%2F08%2Finstead-of-defund-the-police-solve-all-murders%2F619672%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin2022" class="citation web cs1">Franklin, Jonathan (December 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/12/05/1137193397/missing-persons-of-color-news-coverage-disparities">"Racial bias affects media coverage of missing people. A new tool illustrates how"</a>. NPR. Retrieved November 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Racial+bias+affects+media+coverage+of+missing+people.+A+new+tool+illustrates+how&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F12%2F05%2F1137193397%2Fmissing-persons-of-color-news-coverage-disparities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-493"><a href="#cite_ref-493">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Martin2021" class="citation news cs1">St. Martin, Emily (September 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instyle.com/politics-social-issues/black-and-missing-foundation-interview">"182,448 Black People Went Missing in the U.S. Last Year — These Sisters Are Working to Find Them"</a>. InStyle. Retrieved November 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InStyle&rft.atitle=182%2C448+Black+People+Went+Missing+in+the+U.S.+Last+Year+%E2%80%94+These+Sisters+Are+Working+to+Find+Them&rft.date=2021-09-30&rft.aulast=St.+Martin&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instyle.com%2Fpolitics-social-issues%2Fblack-and-missing-foundation-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Black Lives Matter <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Black+Lives+Matter">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Black+Lives+Matter&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Bonilla, T., & Tillery, A. (2020). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/which-identity-frames-boost-support-for-and-mobilization-in-the-blacklivesmatter-movement-an-experimental-test/AD0E73AF21C32FE03F1C0897456CC5C5">Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test.</a>" American Political Science Review</li> <li>Clayton, Dewey M. "Black Lives Matter and the civil rights movement: A comparative analysis of two social movements in the United States." Journal of Black Studies 49.5 (2018): 448–480.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jelani_Cobb" title="Jelani Cobb">Cobb, Jelani</a> (March 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/03/14/where-is-black-lives-matter-headed">"The Matter of Black Lives"</a>. The New Yorker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Matter+of+Black+Lives&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=Jelani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2016%2F03%2F14%2Fwhere-is-black-lives-matter-headed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Cole, Teju (July 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/magazine/the-superhero-photographs-of-the-black-lives-matter-movement.html">"The Superhero Photographs of the Black Lives Matter Movement"</a>. The New York Times Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160727125858/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/magazine/the-superhero-photographs-of-the-black-lives-matter-movement.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Superhero+Photographs+of+the+Black+Lives+Matter+Movement&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Teju&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F31%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-superhero-photographs-of-the-black-lives-matter-movement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hayward, Clarissa Rile. 2020. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/706766">Disruption: What Is It Good For?</a>" The Journal of Politics.</li> <li>Hooker, J. (2016). <a href="//doi.org/10.1177/0090591716640314" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1177/0090591716640314">Black Lives Matter and the Paradoxes of U.S. Black Politics: From Democratic Sacrifice to Democratic Repair.</a> Political Theory, 44(4), 448–469.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-making-of-black-lives-matter-9780190601348?cc=is&lang=en&">Lebron, Christopher J. 2017. The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of An Idea. Oxford University Press.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211115851/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-making-of-black-lives-matter-9780190601348?cc=is&lang=en&">Archived</a> December 11, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Miller, Lisa L. (August 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html">"Black Activists Don't Ignore Crime"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806032543/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Black+Activists+Don%27t+Ignore+Crime&rft.date=2016-08-05&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Lisa+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F06%2Fopinion%2Fblack-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Ming Francis, Megan and Leah Wright-Rigueur. 2021. "<a href="//doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-122120-100052" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-122120-100052">Black Lives Matter in Historical Perspective</a>." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 17:441-458</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">Stephen, Bijan (November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/10/how-black-lives-matter-uses-social-media-to-fight-the-power/">"Social Media Helps Black Lives Matter Fight the Power"</a>. Wired.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Social+Media+Helps+Black+Lives+Matter+Fight+the+Power&rft.date=2015-11&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Bijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fhow-black-lives-matter-uses-social-media-to-fight-the-power%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">Stevens, Melissa (July 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4429351/republican-black-lives-matter/">"I'm a GOP Delegate and I Wore a 'Black Lives Matter' Shirt to the RNC"</a>. Time.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=I%27m+a+GOP+Delegate+and+I+Wore+a+%27Black+Lives+Matter%27+Shirt+to+the+RNC&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4429351%2Frepublican-black-lives-matter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-race-ethnicity-and-politics/article/what-kind-of-movement-is-black-lives-matter-the-view-from-twitter/375801268123BCA397284EFBE36C9F4E">Tillery, Alvin. 2019. "What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics</a></li> <li>Towler, C., Crawford, N., & Bennett, R. (2020). <a href="//doi.org/10.1017/S1537592719002597" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1017/S1537592719002597">Shut Up and Play: Black Athletes, Protest Politics, and Black Political Action</a>. Perspectives on Politics, 18(1), 111–127.</li> <li>Woodly, Deva. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reckoning-9780197603956?cc=us&lang=en&">Reckoning: Black Lives Matter and the Democratic Necessity of Social Movements</a>. Oxford University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographies">Bibliographies</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Bernard, Marie Lyn (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autostraddle.com/blacklivesmatter-the-longform-reading-list-265454/">"#BlackLivesMatter: A Longform Reading List"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Autostraddle" title="Autostraddle">Autostraddle</a>. USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autostraddle&rft.atitle=%23BlackLivesMatter%3A+A+Longform+Reading+List&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Marie+Lyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autostraddle.com%2Fblacklivesmatter-the-longform-reading-list-265454%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Cheng, Selina (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qz.com/728658/heres-what-librarians-recommend-reading-on-blm/">"The complete summer reading syllabus on Black Lives Matter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=The+complete+summer+reading+syllabus+on+Black+Lives+Matter&rft.date=2016-07&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Selina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F728658%2Fheres-what-librarians-recommend-reading-on-blm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Public_Library" title="Oakland Public Library">Oakland Public Library</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916043052/http://oaklandlibrary.org/blogs/from-main-library/listen-learn-participate-blacklivesmatter-resource-series">"Listen, Learn, Participate: A #BlackLivesMatter Resource Series"</a>. California. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oaklandlibrary.org/blogs/from-main-library/listen-learn-participate-blacklivesmatter-resource-series">the original</a> on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen%2C+Learn%2C+Participate%3A+A+%23BlackLivesMatter+Resource+Series&rft.place=California&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Oakland+Public+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foaklandlibrary.org%2Fblogs%2Ffrom-main-library%2Flisten-learn-participate-blacklivesmatter-resource-series&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> (Bibliography)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Teller, Malcolm (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/malcolm-teller/black-lives-matter-a-collection-of-syllabi-6497460b9668">"Black Lives Matter Reference Guide"</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)">Medium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Lives+Matter+Reference+Guide&rft.date=2016-07&rft.aulast=Teller&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fmalcolm-teller%2Fblack-lives-matter-a-collection-of-syllabi-6497460b9668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Black_Lives_Matter" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blacklivesmatter.com/">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, Inc.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226205743/https://www.elephrame.com/textbook/protests">List of 1007 Black Lives Matter demonstrations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joincampaignzero.org/">Campaign Zero to end police violence</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921203253/https://hclib.bibliocommons.com/list/share/642401647_hcl_social_media/669879377_read_this_blacklivesmatter_reads_for_teens">"Read This: #BlackLivesMatter Reads for Teens"</a>. Minnesota: <a href="/wiki/Hennepin_County_Library" title="Hennepin County Library">Hennepin County Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hclib.bibliocommons.com/list/share/642401647_hcl_social_media/669879377_read_this_blacklivesmatter_reads_for_teens">the original</a> on September 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Read+This%3A+%23BlackLivesMatter+Reads+for+Teens&rft.place=Minnesota&rft.pub=Hennepin+County+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhclib.bibliocommons.com%2Flist%2Fshare%2F642401647_hcl_social_media%2F669879377_read_this_blacklivesmatter_reads_for_teens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> (Bibliography)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalsa.ala.org/thehub/tag/blacklivesmatter/">"#blacklivesmatter"</a>. American Library Association, <a href="/wiki/Young_Adult_Library_Services_Association" title="Young Adult Library Services Association">Young Adult Library Services Association</a>. December 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%23blacklivesmatter&rft.pub=American+Library+Association%2C+Young+Adult+Library+Services+Association&rft.date=2016-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalsa.ala.org%2Fthehub%2Ftag%2Fblacklivesmatter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Lives+Matter" class="Z3988"> (Bibliography)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mms.newberry.org/xml/xml_files/ChicagoBLM.xml">Chicago Black Lives Matter Protest Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125205203/https://mms.newberry.org/xml/xml_files/ChicagoBLM.xml">Archived</a> January 25, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newberry.org">the Newberry Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Lives_Matter" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template talk:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Lives_Matter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Lives Matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Anderson" title="Tay Anderson">Tay Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Carr" title="Gwen Carr">Gwen Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)">Woke (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" title="Ticket quota">ticket quota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_power" title="Rest in power">Rest in power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_stop" title="Terry stop">Terry stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ferguson_unrest" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Template:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Template talk:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ferguson_unrest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">Shooting of Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)">Ferguson Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_National_Guard" title="Missouri National Guard">Missouri National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Attorney_General" title="Missouri Attorney General">Missouri Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_Patrol" title="Missouri State Highway Patrol">Missouri State Highway Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County_Police_Department" title="St. Louis County Police Department">St. Louis County Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_County_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles County Police Department">St. Charles County Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="The White House">The White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="Missouri Department of Public Safety">Missouri Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department,_City_of_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis">St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Chappelle-Nadal" title="Maria Chappelle-Nadal">Maria Chappelle-Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_Clay" title="Lacy Clay">Lacy Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Dooley" title="Charlie Dooley">Charlie Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyle_Sam_Dotson_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Doyle Sam Dotson III">Doyle Sam Dotson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hayden_Jr." title="John Hayden Jr.">John Hayden Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Isom" title="Daniel Isom">Daniel Isom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Knowles_III" title="James Knowles III">James Knowles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Koster" title="Chris Koster">Chris Koster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McCulloch_(prosecutor)" title="Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)">Bob McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Slay" title="Francis Slay">Francis Slay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stenger" title="Steve Stenger">Steve Stenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protest organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Action" title="Ferguson Action">Ferguson Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_Up_United" title="Hands Up United">Hands Up United</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Municipal_Public_Library" title="Ferguson Municipal Public Library">Ferguson Municipal Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protests_of_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Floyd_protests" title="Template:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Floyd_protests" title="Template talk:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Floyd_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protests_of_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">Protests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_George_Floyd" title="Memorials to George Floyd">memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_in_Minneapolis_regarding_the_trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin">trial protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_George_Floyd_protests" title="Lists of George Floyd protests">Locations</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:George_Floyd_protests_map" title="Template:George Floyd protests map">(map)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis– Saint Paul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arson_damage_during_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Arson damage during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Arson damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest" title="George Floyd Square occupied protest">George Floyd Square occupied protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 local racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">Elsewhere in the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alabama" title="George Floyd protests in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alaska" title="George Floyd protests in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arizona" title="George Floyd protests in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arkansas" title="George Floyd protests in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_California" title="George Floyd protests in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="George Floyd protests in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Colorado" title="George Floyd protests in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Connecticut" title="George Floyd protests in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Delaware" title="George Floyd protests in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington,_D.C." title="George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Florida" title="George Floyd protests in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Georgia" title="George Floyd protests in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Atlanta" title="George Floyd protests in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Hawaii" title="George Floyd protests in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Idaho" title="George Floyd protests in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Illinois" title="George Floyd protests in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Chicago" title="George Floyd protests in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Indiana" title="George Floyd protests in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Iowa" title="George Floyd protests in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kansas" title="George Floyd protests in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kentucky" title="George Floyd protests in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Louisiana" title="George Floyd protests in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maine" title="George Floyd protests in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maryland" title="George Floyd protests in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Massachusetts" title="George Floyd protests in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Michigan" title="George Floyd protests in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minnesota" title="George Floyd protests in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Mississippi" title="George Floyd protests in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Missouri" title="George Floyd protests in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Montana" title="George Floyd protests in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nebraska" title="George Floyd protests in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nevada" title="George Floyd protests in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Hampshire" title="George Floyd protests in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Jersey" title="George Floyd protests in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Mexico" title="George Floyd protests in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_City" title="George Floyd protests in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oklahoma" title="George Floyd protests in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Pennsylvania" title="George Floyd protests in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Philadelphia" title="George Floyd protests in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Puerto_Rico" title="George Floyd protests in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Rhode_Island" title="George Floyd protests in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Tennessee" title="George Floyd protests in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Texas" title="George Floyd protests in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Utah" title="George Floyd protests in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Vermont" title="George Floyd protests in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Virginia">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in Washington (state)">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Seattle" title="George Floyd protests in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_West_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wisconsin" title="George Floyd protests in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wyoming" title="George Floyd protests in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">Outside the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Australia" title="George Floyd protests in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Belgium" title="George Floyd protests in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Canada" title="George Floyd protests in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Germany" title="George Floyd protests in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Italy" title="George Floyd protests in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="George Floyd protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="George Floyd protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">Violence and controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">Police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">Vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_David_Dorn" title="Murder of David Dorn">David Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Sean_Monterrosa" title="Shooting of Sean Monterrosa">Sean Monterrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Garrett_Foster" title="Murder of Garrett Foster">Garrett Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl" title="Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl">Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Arrests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Jimenez" title="Omar Jimenez">Omar Jimenez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/8_minutes_46_seconds" title="8 minutes 46 seconds">8:46</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_looting_starts,_the_shooting_starts" title="When the looting starts, the shooting starts">When the looting starts, the shooting starts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Reactions (<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Reactions to the murder of George Floyd">to the murder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">to the protests</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Legend" title="Operation Legend">Operation Legend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">Police reforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Social and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_against_memorials_in_Great_Britain_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests">Actions against memorials in Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Black Lives Matter street murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">Changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">Monuments and memorials removed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">Name changes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Labor action <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">Strike for Black Lives (general)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Sports strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Strike for Black Lives (academic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Murder of Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Killing of Breonna Taylor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor" title="Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Killing of Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Killing of Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Killing of Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Killing of Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Killing of Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Killing of Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Killing of Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andre_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Andre Hill">Killing of Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Killing of Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_United_States_racial_unrest_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the United States racial unrest (2020–present)">List of other incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Police_Department" title="Minneapolis Police Department">Minneapolis Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monument_and_memorial_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States">Monument and memorial controversies in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_and_memorials_in_Canada_removed_in_2020%E2%80%932022" title="Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022">Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">Blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">Gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">Qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">Use of torture by police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">Use of deadly force by police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Floyd_protests" title="Category:George Floyd protests">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" 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title="George Zimmerman">George Zimmerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Timeline of the killing of Trayvon Martin">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes" title="The Retreat at Twin Lakes">The Retreat at Twin Lakes</a> (location)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_George_Zimmerman" title="Trial of George Zimmerman">George Zimmerman's trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Sydney Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Sydney Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sydney Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Peace_Prize" title="Sydney Peace Prize">Sydney Peace Prize laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Xanana Gusmão</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanan_Ashrawi" title="Hanan Ashrawi">Hanan Ashrawi</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Roy" title="Arundhati Roy">Arundhati Roy</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olara_Otunnu" title="Olara Otunnu">Olara Otunnu</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Khan" title="Irene Khan">Irene Khan</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Blix" title="Hans Blix">Hans Blix</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Dodson" title="Pat Dodson">Pat Dodson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pilger" title="John Pilger">John Pilger</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekai_Holland" title="Sekai Holland">Sekai Holland</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Maung" title="Cynthia Maung">Cynthia Maung</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Burnside" title="Julian Burnside">Julian Burnside</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gittoes" title="George Gittoes">George Gittoes</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</a> (2016)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Lives Matter</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo Movement</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Oil" title="Midnight Oil">Midnight Oil</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluru_Statement_from_the_Heart" title="Uluru Statement from the Heart">Uluru Statement from the Heart</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazanin_Boniadi" title="Nazanin Boniadi">Nazanin Boniadi</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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