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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sample</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dothraki language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة دوثراكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة دوثراكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_dothraki" title="Idioma dothraki – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma dothraki" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="دوتراک دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوتراک دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Датракійская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Датракійская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Dothraki" title="Tataramon na Dothraki – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothra%C4%8Dtina" title="Dothračtina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dothračtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki_(sprog)" title="Dothraki (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dothraki (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki" title="Dothraki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσα των Ντοθράκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα των Ντοθράκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_dothraki" title="Idioma dothraki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma dothraki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotraka_lingvo" title="Dotraka lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dotraka lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زبان دوتراکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان دوتراکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki_(langue)" title="Dothraki (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dothraki (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothr%C3%A1icis" title="Dothráicis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dothráicis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_dothraki" title="Lingua dothraki – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua dothraki" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Դոթրակերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոթրակերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Dothraki" title="Bahasa Dothraki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="דות'ראקית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דות'ראקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Дотраки кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Дотраки кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki" title="Dothraki – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki_nyelv" title="Dothraki nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dothraki nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ദൊത്രാക്കി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൊത്രാക്കി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki" title="Dothraki – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="ドスラク語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドスラク語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਦੋਥਰਾਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੋਥਰਾਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_dothraki" title="Língua dothraki – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua dothraki" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Дотракийский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дотракийский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki_leid" title="Dothraki leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dothraki leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki" title="Dothraki – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothraki" title="Dothraki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dothrakin_kieli" title="Dothrakin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dothrakin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Dothraki" title="Tiếng Dothraki – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Dothraki" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%A7rakiy" title="Doħrakiy – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Doħrakiy" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="多斯拉克語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多斯拉克語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional language in "Game of Thrones"</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: white; background-color: #114057;">Dothraki</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: white; background-color: #114057;">Lekh Dothraki</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈdɤθɾaki]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Peterson" title="David J. Peterson">David J. Peterson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">From 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Setting and usage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="A Song of Ice and Fire">A Song of Ice and Fire</a></i>, 2011 series <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">Artistic languages</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional languages</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Dothraki</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: white; background-color: #114057;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/">art-x-dothraki</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Dothraki" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Dothraki">Appendix:Dothraki</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Dothraki language</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed</a> <a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">fictional language</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a>'s fantasy novel series <i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="A Song of Ice and Fire">A Song of Ice and Fire</a></i> and its television adaptation <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i>. It is spoken by the Dothraki, a nomadic people in the <a href="/wiki/World_of_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="World of A Song of Ice and Fire">series's fictional world</a>. The language was developed for the TV series by the language creator <a href="/wiki/David_J._Peterson" title="David J. Peterson">David J. Peterson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> working off the Dothraki words and phrases in Martin's novels. </p><p>As of September 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the language comprised 3163 words,<sup id="cite_ref-wired_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not all of which have been made public. In 2012, 146 newborn girls in the United States were named "Khaleesi", the Dothraki term for the wife of a <i>khal</i> or ruler, and the title adopted in the series by <a href="/wiki/Daenerys_Targaryen" title="Daenerys Targaryen">Daenerys Targaryen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dothraki and <a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian</a> have been described by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> as "the most convincing fictional tongues since <a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvish languages (Middle-earth)">Elvish</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg/220px-David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg/330px-David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg/440px-David_j_peterson_2019_06_03.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="3425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_J._Peterson" title="David J. Peterson">David J. Peterson</a>, creator of the Dothraki spoken language for <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The Dothraki vocabulary was created by <a href="/wiki/David_J._Peterson" title="David J. Peterson">David J. Peterson</a> well in advance of the adaptation. HBO hired the Language Creation Society to create the language, and after an application process involving over 30 <a href="/wiki/List_of_language_inventors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of language inventors">conlangers</a>, Peterson was chosen to develop the Dothraki language. He delivered over 1700 words to HBO before the initial shooting. Peterson drew inspiration from George R. R. Martin's description of the language, as well as from such languages as <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hbo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David J. Peterson and his development of the Dothraki language were featured on an April 8, 2012 episode of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Next_List" title="The Next List">The Next List</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to create the <a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian languages</a> for season 3 of <i>Game of Thrones</i>. Peterson and his development of Dothraki were also featured on the January 8, 2017 episode of <i><a href="/wiki/To_Tell_the_Truth" title="To Tell the Truth">To Tell the Truth</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_constraints">Language constraints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language constraints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dothraki language was developed under two significant constraints. First, the language had to match the uses already put down in the books. Secondly, it had to be easily pronounceable or learnable by the actors. These two constraints influenced the grammar and phonology of the language: for instance, as in English, there is no contrast between <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a> and unaspirated stops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology_and_romanization">Phonology and romanization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology and romanization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David Peterson has said, "You know, most people probably don't really know what <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> actually sounds like, so to an untrained ear, it might sound like Arabic. To someone who knows Arabic, it doesn't. I tend to think of the sound as a mix between Arabic (minus the distinctive pharyngeals) and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, due to the dental consonants."<sup id="cite_ref-tor_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the orthography, the Dothraki themselves do not have a writing system—nor do many of the surrounding peoples (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Lhazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhazar">Lhazareen</a>). If there were to be any written examples of Dothraki in the <i>A Song of Ice and Fire</i> universe, it would be in a writing system developed in the <a href="/wiki/Free_Cities_(A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Cities (A Song of Ice and Fire)">Free Cities</a> and adapted to Dothraki, or in some place like <a href="/wiki/Ghis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghis">Ghis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Qarth" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarth">Qarth</a>, which do have writing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-wes.ru_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wes.ru-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 23 <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a> in the Dothraki language. In the following <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> chart, each sound in Dothraki is given with the romanization in brackets. </p> <table class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Consonants<sup id="cite_ref-Phonology_-_Dothraki_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phonology_-_Dothraki-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨q⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨th⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨sh⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨kh⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> ~ <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨h⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨z⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨zh⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> ~ <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The letters <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨x⟩</span> do not appear in Dothraki, although <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> appears in the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span>. </p><p><span class="nowrap">⟨p⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> seem to appear only in names, as in <i>Pono</i> and <i>Bharbo</i>. These consonants were used in the past but have since <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenited</a> into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span>. They can still be used as variants of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span>. </p><p>Voiceless stops may be <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a>. This does not change word meaning. </p><p>The geminates of consonants marked with digraphs have a reduced orthography: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">⟨kkh⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/xː/</span> (not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kx/</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨tth⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θː/</span> (not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tθ/</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨ssh⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃː/</span> (not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sʃ/</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">⟨zzh⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒː/</span> (not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/zʒ/</span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dothraki has a four vowel system shown below: </p> <table class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are no diphthongs.<sup id="cite_ref-Phonology_-_Dothraki_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phonology_-_Dothraki-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>A Song of Ice and Fire</i> books, <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> never occurs as a vowel, appearing only after <span class="nowrap">⟨q⟩</span>, and only in names, as in <i>Jhiqui</i> and <i>Quaro</i>. </p><p>In sequence of multiple vowels, each such vowel represents a separate syllable. Examples: <i>shierak</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃi.eˈɾak]</span> ('star'), <i>rhaesh</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾhaˈeʃ]</span> ('country'), <i>khaleesi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈxa.le.e.si]</span> ('queen'). </p><p>The vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i,<span class="wrap"> </span>e,<span class="wrap"> </span>o,<span class="wrap"> </span>a/</span> are realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɔ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑ]</span> after <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/q/</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> turns into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤ]</span> after dental consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-dothraki2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dothraki2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> can be pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span> after <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ,<span class="wrap"> </span>k,<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-dothraki2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dothraki2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parts_of_speech">Parts of speech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Parts of speech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prepositions</a> are also sometimes employed, the language is foremost <a href="/wiki/Inflectional_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflectional language">inflectional</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">Prefixes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circumfix" title="Circumfix">circumfixes</a> are all used. <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">Verbs</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation" title="Grammatical conjugation">conjugate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">past</a>, <a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present</a>, <a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">future</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Imperative_mood" title="Imperative mood">imperatives</a> and (archaic) <a href="/wiki/Participle" title="Participle">participle</a>; they also agree with <a href="/wiki/Person_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Person (grammar)">person</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Number (grammar)">number</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polarity_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarity (grammar)">polarity</a>. <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">Nouns</a> divide into two classes, <a href="/wiki/Animate_noun" class="mw-redirect" title="Animate noun">inanimate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animacy" title="Animacy">animate</a>. They <a href="/wiki/Declension" title="Declension">decline</a> in five <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">cases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nominative_case" title="Nominative case">nominative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allative_case" title="Allative case">allative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">ablative</a>. Animate nouns also decline according to number.<sup id="cite_ref-dothraki101_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dothraki101-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dothraki_presentation_at_LCC4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dothraki_presentation_at_LCC4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_order">Word order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Word order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic word order is SVO (<a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–verb–object">subject–verb–object</a>). In a basic sentence, the order of these elements (when all three are present) is as in English: first comes the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a> (S), followed by the verb (V), and then the <a href="/wiki/Object_(grammar)" title="Object (grammar)">object</a> (O). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Khal</p><p style="margin: 0px;">The Khal</p><p style="margin: 0px;">S</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ahhas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sharpened</p><p style="margin: 0px;">V</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">arakh.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the arakh.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">O</p></div><p style="display: none;">Khal ahhas arakh.</p><p style="display: none;">{The Khal} sharpened {the arakh}.</p><p style="display: none;">S V O</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>When only a subject is present, the subject precedes the verb, as it does in English: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Arakh</p><p style="margin: 0px;">The arakh</p><p style="margin: 0px;">S</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hasa.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">is sharp.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">V</p></div><p style="display: none;">Arakh hasa.</p><p style="display: none;">{The arakh} {is sharp}.</p><p style="display: none;">S V</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Noun_phrase" title="Noun phrase">noun phrases</a>, there is a specific order as well. The order is as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">this</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Demonstrative" title="Demonstrative">demonstrative</a></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ave</p><p style="margin: 0px;">father</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sekke</p><p style="margin: 0px;">very</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">verven</p><p style="margin: 0px;">violent</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">anni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">of.mine</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive noun</a></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">m'orvikoon</p><p style="margin: 0px;">with.a.whip</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Prepositional_phrase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prepositional phrase">prepositional phrase</a></p></div><p style="display: none;">jin ave sekke verven anni m'orvikoon</p><p style="display: none;">this father very violent of.mine with.a.whip</p><p style="display: none;"><a href="/wiki/Demonstrative" title="Demonstrative">demonstrative</a> <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a> <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a> <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive noun</a> <a href="/wiki/Prepositional_phrase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prepositional phrase">prepositional phrase</a></p><p style="clear: left;">this very violent father of mine with a whip</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>In prepositional phrases, prepositions always precede their noun <a href="/wiki/Complement_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement (grammar)">complements</a>. </p><p>Further examples of demonstratives include:<sup id="cite_ref-Demonstratives_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demonstratives-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">this</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">arakh</p><p style="margin: 0px;">arakh (type of blade)</p></div><p style="display: none;">jin arakh</p><p style="display: none;">this {arakh (type of blade)}</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">rek</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">hrakkares</p><p style="margin: 0px;">lion</p></div><p style="display: none;">rek hrakkares</p><p style="display: none;">that lion</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Further examples of adjectives include:<sup id="cite_ref-Adjectives_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adjectives-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">rakh</p><p style="margin: 0px;">boy</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">haj</p><p style="margin: 0px;">strong</p></div><p style="display: none;">rakh haj</p><p style="display: none;">boy strong</p><p style="clear: left;">'strong boy'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">alegra</p><p style="margin: 0px;">duck</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ivezh</p><p style="margin: 0px;">wild</p></div><p style="display: none;">alegra ivezh</p><p style="display: none;">duck wild</p><p style="clear: left;">'wild duck'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Adverbs normally are sentence final, but they can also immediately follow the verb. <a href="/wiki/Modal_particle" title="Modal particle">Modal particles</a> precede the verb.<sup id="cite_ref-dothraki101_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dothraki101-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the episode "<a href="/wiki/Andy%27s_Ancestry" title="Andy's Ancestry">Andy's Ancestry</a>" from the United States television show <i><a href="/wiki/The_Office_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Office (U.S. TV series)">The Office</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Schrute" title="Dwight Schrute">Dwight Schrute</a> created the Dothraki phrase "throat rip" by putting "throat" in the <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a> and placing it in front of the <a href="/wiki/Transitive_verb" title="Transitive verb">transitive verb</a>. Compounds of this sort are a form of <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(linguistics)" title="Incorporation (linguistics)">object incorporation</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_J._Peterson" title="David J. Peterson">Peterson</a> adopted this technique and called it the "Schrutean compound".<sup id="cite_ref-EW_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EW-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample">Sample</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sample"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Nevakhi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ˈnevaxi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">seat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vekha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ˈvexa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">exist.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="present tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRES</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">for</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">maan:</p><p style="margin: 0px;">maˈan</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="allative case ('to')" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ALL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Rekke,</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ˈrekːe</p><p style="margin: 0px;">there.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">m'aresakea</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ˈmaɾesakea</p><p style="margin: 0px;">with.coward.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="allative case ('to')" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ALL</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="plural number" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">norethi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ˈnoɾeθi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">hair.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">fitte.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ˈfitːe</p><p style="margin: 0px;">short</p></div><p style="display: none;">Nevakhi vekha ha maan: Rekke, m'aresakea norethi fitte.</p><p style="display: none;">ˈnevaxi ˈvexa ha maˈan ˈrekːe ˈmaɾesakea ˈnoɾeθi ˈfitːe</p><p style="display: none;">seat.GEN exist.3SG.PRES for 3SG.ALL there.ACC with.coward.ALL.PL hair.GEN short</p><p style="clear: left;">There is a place for him: There, with the short-haired cowards.<sup id="cite_ref-Dothraki_Presentation_at_WorldCon_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dothraki_Presentation_at_WorldCon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Dothraki">[1]</a> on <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Wiktionary:Main Page">Wiktionary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dothraki_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Do+you+speak+Dothraki%3F-a0279261433">"Do you speak Dothraki?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Upfront" title="The New York Times Upfront">The New York Times Upfront</a></i>. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_R._R._Martin&#039;s_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="Template:A Song of Ice and Fire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="Template talk:A Song of Ice and Fire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:A Song of Ice and Fire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_R._R._Martin&#039;s_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="A Song of Ice and Fire">A Song of Ice and Fire</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones" title="A Game of Thrones">A Game of Thrones</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Clash_of_Kings" title="A Clash of Kings">A Clash of Kings</a></i> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Storm_of_Swords" title="A Storm of Swords">A Storm of Swords</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Feast_for_Crows" title="A Feast for Crows">A Feast for Crows</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dance_with_Dragons" title="A Dance with Dragons">A Dance with Dragons</a></i> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winds_of_Winter" title="The Winds of Winter">The Winds of Winter</a></i> (TBA)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dream_of_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dream of Spring">A Dream of Spring</a></i> (TBD)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Works_based_on_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire">Franchise<wbr /> media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Dunk_and_Egg" title="Tales of Dunk and Egg">Tales of Dunk and Egg</a></i> (1998–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_and_the_Queen" title="The Princess and the Queen">The Princess and the Queen</a></i> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rogue_Prince" title="The Rogue Prince">The Rogue Prince</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Ice_%26_Fire" title="The World of Ice & Fire">The World of Ice & Fire</a></i> (2014, co-written by <a href="/wiki/Elio_M._Garc%C3%ADa_Jr._and_Linda_Antonsson" title="Elio M. García Jr. and Linda Antonsson">Elio M. García Jr. and Linda Antonsson</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sons_of_the_Dragon" title="The Sons of the Dragon">The Sons of the Dragon</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fire_%26_Blood_(novel)" title="Fire & Blood (novel)">Fire & Blood</a></i> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_the_Dragon" title="The Rise of the Dragon">The Rise of the Dragon</a></i> (2022, co-written by García and Antonsson)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Game_of_Thrones_episodes" title="List of Game of Thrones episodes">Episodes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_1" title="Game of Thrones season 1">Season 1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_2" title="Game of Thrones season 2">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_3" title="Game of Thrones season 3">3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_4" title="Game of Thrones season 4">4</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_5" title="Game of Thrones season 5">5</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_6" title="Game of Thrones season 6">6</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_7" title="Game of Thrones season 7">7</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_season_8" title="Game of Thrones season 8">8</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Game_of_Thrones" title="List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones">Awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Game_of_Thrones_characters" title="List of Game of Thrones characters">Characters</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_title_sequence" title="Game of Thrones title sequence">Title sequence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/After_the_Thrones" title="After the Thrones">After the Thrones</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Thronecast" title="Thronecast">Thronecast</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Knight_of_the_Seven_Kingdoms_(TV_series)" title="A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms (TV series)">A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Game_of_Thrones" title="Music of Game of Thrones">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Soundtracks</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_1_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 1 (soundtrack)">Season 1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_2_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 2 (soundtrack)">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_3_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 3 (soundtrack)">3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_4_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 4 (soundtrack)">4</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_5_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 5 (soundtrack)">5</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_6_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 6 (soundtrack)">6</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_7_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 7 (soundtrack)">7</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Season_8_(soundtrack)" title="Game of Thrones: Season 8 (soundtrack)">8</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_Theme" title="Game of Thrones Theme"><i>Game of Thrones</i> Theme</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Rains_of_Castamere_(song)" title="The Rains of Castamere (song)">The Rains of Castamere</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Bear_and_the_Maiden_Fair_(song)" title="The Bear and the Maiden Fair (song)">The Bear and the Maiden Fair</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_Seven" title="Light of the Seven">Light of the Seven</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Power_Is_Power" title="Power Is Power">Power Is Power</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Me_Traicionaste" title="Me Traicionaste">Me Traicionaste</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Jenny_of_Oldstones" title="Jenny of Oldstones">Jenny's Song</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Catch_the_Throne" title="Catch the Throne">Catch the Throne</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Throne:_Music_Inspired_by_the_HBO_Series_Game_of_Thrones" title="For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones">For the Throne</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_Live_Concert_Experience" title="Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience">Live Concert Experience</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Dragon" title="House of the Dragon">House of the Dragon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_the_Dragon_characters" title="List of House of the Dragon characters">Characters</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soundtracks</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Dragon:_Season_1_(soundtrack)" title="House of the Dragon: Season 1 (soundtrack)">Season 1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Dragon:_Season_2_(soundtrack)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of the Dragon: Season 2 (soundtrack)">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_House_of_the_Dragon" title="List of awards and nominations received by House of the Dragon">Awards and nominations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_video_games" title="List of A Song of Ice and Fire video games">Video<wbr /> games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones:_Genesis" title="A Game of Thrones: Genesis">A Game of Thrones: Genesis</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_(2012_video_game)" title="Game of Thrones (2012 video game)"><i>Game of Thrones</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_Ascent" title="Game of Thrones Ascent">Game of Thrones Ascent</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones_(2014_video_game)" title="Game of Thrones (2014 video game)"><i>Game of Thrones</i></a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Reigns:_Game_of_Thrones" title="Reigns: Game of Thrones">Reigns: Game of Thrones</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Winter_Is_Coming" class="mw-redirect" title="Game of Thrones: Winter Is Coming">Game of Thrones: Winter Is Coming</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones:_Seven_Kingdoms" title="Game of Thrones: Seven Kingdoms">Game of Thrones: Seven Kingdoms</a></i> (canceled)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<wbr /> games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones_(card_game)" title="A Game of Thrones (card game)"><i>A Game of Thrones</i> (card game)</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones:_Second_Edition_(card_game)" title="A Game of Thrones: Second Edition (card game)"><i>Second Edition</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones_(board_game)" title="A Game of Thrones (board game)"><i>A Game of Thrones</i> (board game)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones_(role-playing_game)" title="A Game of Thrones (role-playing game)"><i>A Game of Thrones</i> (role-playing game)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_Roleplaying" title="A Song of Ice and Fire Roleplaying">A Song of Ice and Fire Roleplaying</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Westeros" title="Battles of Westeros">Battles of Westeros</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Game_of_Thrones_(comics)" title="A Game of Thrones (comics)"><i>A Game of Thrones</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Clash_of_Kings_(comics)" title="A Clash of Kings (comics)"><i>A Clash of Kings</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_characters" title="List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Petyr_Baelish" title="Petyr Baelish">Petyr Baelish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joffrey_Baratheon" title="Joffrey Baratheon">Joffrey Baratheon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Myrcella_Baratheon" title="Myrcella Baratheon">Myrcella Baratheon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renly_Baratheon" title="Renly Baratheon">Renly Baratheon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baratheon" title="Robert Baratheon">Robert Baratheon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stannis_Baratheon" title="Stannis Baratheon">Stannis Baratheon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommen_Baratheon" title="Tommen Baratheon">Tommen Baratheon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_Bolton" title="Ramsay Bolton">Ramsay Bolton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roose_Bolton" title="Roose Bolton">Roose Bolton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Clegane" title="Gregor Clegane">Gregor Clegane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandor_Clegane" title="Sandor Clegane">Sandor Clegane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gendry" title="Gendry">Gendry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tormund_Giantsbane" title="Tormund Giantsbane">Tormund Giantsbane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theon_Greyjoy" title="Theon Greyjoy">Theon Greyjoy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cersei_Lannister" title="Cersei Lannister">Cersei Lannister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Lannister" title="Jaime Lannister">Jaime Lannister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tyrion_Lannister" title="Tyrion Lannister">Tyrion Lannister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tywin_Lannister" title="Tywin Lannister">Tywin Lannister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arianne_Martell" title="Arianne Martell">Arianne Martell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oberyn_Martell" title="Oberyn Martell">Oberyn Martell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melisandre" title="Melisandre">Melisandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Missandei" title="Missandei">Missandei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jorah_Mormont" title="Jorah Mormont">Jorah Mormont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daario_Naharis" title="Daario Naharis">Daario Naharis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_King" title="Night King">Night King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osha_(A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire)" title="Osha (A Song of Ice and Fire)">Osha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellaria_Sand" title="Ellaria Sand">Ellaria Sand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Davos_Seaworth" title="Davos Seaworth">Davos Seaworth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Snow_(character)" title="Jon Snow (character)">Jon Snow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_Sparrow" title="High Sparrow">High Sparrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arya_Stark" title="Arya Stark">Arya Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bran_Stark" title="Bran Stark">Bran Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catelyn_Stark" title="Catelyn Stark">Catelyn Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Stark" title="Ned Stark">Ned Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rickon_Stark" title="Rickon Stark">Rickon Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robb_Stark" title="Robb Stark">Robb Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sansa_Stark" title="Sansa Stark">Sansa Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daenerys_Targaryen" title="Daenerys Targaryen">Daenerys Targaryen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhaenyra_Targaryen" title="Rhaenyra Targaryen">Rhaenyra Targaryen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samwell_Tarly" title="Samwell Tarly">Samwell Tarly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brienne_of_Tarth" title="Brienne of Tarth">Brienne of Tarth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaery_Tyrell" title="Margaery Tyrell">Margaery Tyrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olenna_Tyrell" title="Olenna Tyrell">Olenna Tyrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Varys" title="Varys">Varys</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_of_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="World of A Song of Ice and Fire">World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dothraki language</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Throne_(A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire)" title="Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire)">Iron Throne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian languages</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_Walker" title="White Walker">White Walker</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_fandom" title="A Song of Ice and Fire fandom">Fandom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Themes_in_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire">Themes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Targaryendraco" title="Targaryendraco">Targaryendraco</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/MultiVersus" title="MultiVersus">MultiVersus</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire" title="Category:A Song of Ice and Fire">Category</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_franchise" title="Outline of A Song of Ice and Fire franchise">Outline</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constructed_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constructed_languages" title="Template:Constructed languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constructed_languages" title="Template talk:Constructed languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constructed_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constructed languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constructed_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">Artistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_game" title="Language game">Language game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International auxiliary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_language" title="Experimental language">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_language" title="Musical language">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_language" title="Philosophical language">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific <br />languages<br /> by group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International<br />auxiliary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babm" title="Babm">Babm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolak_language" title="Bolak language">Bolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communicationssprache" title="Communicationssprache">Communicationssprache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjuvilo" title="Adjuvilo">Adjuvilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcaicam_Esperantom" title="Arcaicam Esperantom">Arcaicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_II" title="Esperanto II">Esperanto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundolinco" title="Mundolinco">Mundolinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Esperanto">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1ni%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Romániço">Romániço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_(Esperantido)" title="Universal (Esperantido)">Universal</a></li> <li>other <a href="/wiki/Esperantido" title="Esperantido">esperantidos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosa" title="Glosa">Glosa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interglossa" title="Interglossa">Interglossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiom_Neutral" title="Idiom Neutral">Idiom Neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intal_language" title="Intal language">Intal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotava" title="Kotava">Kotava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_nouvelle" title="Langue nouvelle">Langue nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione" title="Latino sine flexione">Latino sine flexione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_de_planeta" title="Lingwa de planeta">Lingwa de planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_language" title="Mondial language">Mondial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_language" title="Neo language">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nal_Bino" title="Nal Bino">Nal Bino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Novial">Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasilingua" title="Pasilingua">Pasilingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambahsa" title="Sambahsa">Sambahsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sona_(constructed_language)" title="Sona (constructed language)">Sona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unish" title="Unish">Unish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalglot" title="Universalglot">Universalglot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropi" title="Uropi">Uropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrihili" title="Afrihili">Afrihili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budinos" title="Budinos">Budinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efatese_language" title="Efatese language">Efatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurolengo" title="Eurolengo">Eurolengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guosa" title="Guosa">Guosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortat%C3%BCrk" title="Ortatürk">Ortatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanic_language" title="Pan-Germanic language">Pan-Germanic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tutonish" title="Tutonish">Tutonish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Romance_language" title="Pan-Romance language">Pan-Romance language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolatino_Romance" title="Neolatino Romance">Neolatino Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanid" title="Romanid">Romanid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runyakitara_language" title="Runyakitara language">Runyakitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wede" title="Wede">Wede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltdeutsch" title="Weltdeutsch">Weltdeutsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUI_(constructed_language)" title="AUI (constructed language)">aUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Speedwords" title="Dutton Speedwords">Dutton Speedwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithkuil" title="Ithkuil">Ithkuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaba-X" title="Kalaba-X">Kalaba-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language" title="Lincos language">Lincos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_generalis" title="Lingua generalis">Lingua generalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loglan" title="Loglan">Loglan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logopandecteision" title="Logopandecteision">Logopandecteision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_Towards_a_Real_Character,_and_a_Philosophical_Language" title="An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language">Real Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_language" title="Ro language">Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">artistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantean_language" title="Atlantean language">Atlantean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belter_Creole" title="Belter Creole">Belter Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brithenig" title="Brithenig">Brithenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dritok" title="Dritok">Dritok</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dothraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages" title="Elvish languages">Elvish languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchanta">Enchanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%93len" title="Kēlen">Kēlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliki_language" title="Kiliki language">Kiliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba%C3%AFan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobaïan">Kobaïan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1adan" title="Láadan">Láadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapine_language" title="Lapine language">Lapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxian" title="Loxian">Loxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydnevi" title="Lydnevi">Lydnevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mänti">Mänti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien">Middle-earth languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_languages" title="Category:Middle-earth languages">more...</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BCvi_language" title="Naʼvi language">Naʼvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadsat" title="Nadsat">Nadsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simlish" title="Simlish">Simlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spocanian" title="Spocanian">Spocanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_Star_Wars" title="Languages in Star Wars"><i>Star Wars</i> languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syldavian" title="Syldavian">Syldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teonaht" title="Teonaht">Teonaht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsoly%C3%A1ni_language" title="Tsolyáni language">Tsolyáni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_language" title="Utopian language">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venedic_language" title="Venedic language">Venedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdurian_language" title="Verdurian language">Verdurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenja_language" title="Wenja language">Wenja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual and other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaibalan" title="Balaibalan">Balaibalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damin" title="Damin">Damin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">Palawa kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed script">Constructed script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Tolkien's scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperantology" title="Esperantology">Esperantology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Secret_Vice" title="A Secret Vice">A Secret Vice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Words" title="Bridge of Words">Bridge of Words</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conlanging:_The_Art_of_Crafting_Tongues" title="Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues">Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Land_of_Invented_Languages" title="In the Land of Invented Languages">In the Land of Invented Languages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Ricerca_della_Lingua_Perfetta_nella_Cultura_Europea" title="La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea">La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Ido" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Ido">Esperanto/Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Interlingua">Esperanto/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Novial">Esperanto/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Ido and Interlingua">Ido/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Ido and Novial">Ido/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Interlingue_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Interlingue and Interlingua">Interlingue/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Lojban_and_Loglan" title="Comparison between Lojban and Loglan">Lojban/Loglan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages" title="Portal:Constructed languages">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_languages" title="List of constructed languages">List of constructed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_creators" title="List of language creators">List of language creators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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